33:
1010:, was agglutinative, and most descendant languages inherit this feature. But since agglutination can arise in languages that previously had a non-agglutinative typology, and it can be lost in languages that previously were agglutinative, agglutination as a typological trait cannot be used as evidence of a genetic relationship to other agglutinative languages. The uncertain theory about
763:(to their houses). However, there are other features of the Turkish language that could be considered fusional, such as the suffixes for the simple present tense. This is the only tense where, rather than having a suffix did negation which can be included before the temporal suffix, there are two different suffixes - one for affirmative and one for negative. Giving examples using
702:
Persian has some features of agglutination, making use of prefixes and suffixes attached to the stems of verbs and nouns, thus making it a synthetic language rather than an analytic one. Persian is an SOV language, thus having a head-final phrase structure. Persian utilizes a noun root + plural
568:
indicates the verb is both in third person and present tense, and cannot be further broken down into a "third person" morpheme and a "present tense" morpheme; this behavior is reminiscent of fusional languages.
580:, but that term also includes fusional languages. The agglutinative and fusional languages are two ends of a continuum, with various languages falling more toward one end or the other. For example,
438:
1002:
Agglutination is a typological feature and does not imply a linguistic relation, but there are some families of agglutinative languages. For example, the
727:
We can see its agglutinative nature and the fact that
Persian is able to affix a given number of dependent morphemes to a root morpheme, mashin (car).
431:
1061:
and from there again into agglutinative synthetic languages. However, this is just a trend, and in itself a combination of the trend observable in
687:. A synthetic language may use morphological agglutination combined with partial usage of fusional features, for example in its case system (e.g.,
359:
354:
349:
337:
332:
327:
50:
1197:
617:, "young, younger" + "person"), and Japanese verbs, adjectives, the copula, and their affixes undergo sound transformations. For example,
245:
424:
922:
Agglutinative languages tend to have a high rate of affixes or morphemes per word, and to be very regular, in particular with very few
208:
97:
1276:
1176:
1109:
116:
220:
69:
1298:
479:
can be isolated and identified as to indicate a particular inflection or derivation, although this is not a rule: for example,
76:
54:
376:
1166:
483:
is a typical agglutinative language, but morphemes are subject to (sometimes unpredictable) consonant alternations called
502:
of one or more morphemes within a word, usually resulting from a shortening of the word or to make pronunciation easier.
250:
1303:
532:
83:
235:
1131:
490:
Despite the occasional outliers, agglutinative languages tend to have more easily deducible word meanings compared to
344:
322:
707:" meaning 'I was looking at their cars' lit. '(cars their at) (look) (i was doing)'. Breaking down the first word:
386:
279:
213:
65:
43:
203:
927:
519:
460:
194:
1095:
366:
284:
183:
178:
142:
1003:
412:
294:
289:
274:
1230:
1193:
980:
515:
511:
265:
260:
240:
1049:. There seems to exist a preferred evolutionary direction from agglutinative synthetic languages to
90:
1147:
1046:
1042:
484:
135:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1019:
577:
456:
163:
156:
703:
suffix + case suffix + post-position suffix syntax similar to
Turkish. For example the phrase "
1272:
1172:
1105:
1054:
1031:
973:
951:
939:
935:
581:
491:
255:
230:
168:
151:
1099:
1219:
1023:
1015:
1007:
992:
968:
958:
728:
696:
480:
225:
1035:
1027:
963:
923:
688:
381:
299:
514:
per affix while fusional languages combine multiple into one. The term was introduced by
1284:
1041:
Many languages have developed agglutination. This developmental phenomenon is known as
692:
1292:
752:
685:
portion used to express a politely distanced social context to the intended audience)
464:
371:
1250:
984:
954:
peoples were agglutinative, though none from larger families have been identified:
1014:
proffers that there is a genetic relationship with this proto-language as seen in
1126:
1011:
644:
627:
32:
1251:
Nicholas Poppe, The Uralo-Altaic Theory in the Light of the Soviet
Linguistics
407:
313:
304:
934:
has only one (or two, depending on how "irregular" is defined); while in the
17:
988:
747:(dative suffix, for the recipient of an action, like "to" in English) forms
495:
472:
499:
468:
1101:
The
Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology
1070:
1066:
931:
743:(possessive suffix, performing the same function as "of" in English) +
584:
is generally agglutinative, but displays fusion in some nouns, such as
398:
1222:
938:, all ordinary verbs are regular. Again, exceptions exist, such as in
731:, too, is generally agglutinative, forming words in a similar manner:
661:
594:
996:
1271:
New York, W.W. Norton and Co., 1944, renewed 1972, pages 53, 190ff.
523:
476:
1065:
and that of general linguistic attrition, especially word-final
530:, which means "to glue together". For example, the English word
494:, which allow unpredictable modifications in either or both the
1146:
Mouche, Ryan; Renfro, Ashley; Lance, Marshall (May 15, 2019).
930:, and only about a dozen others with only minor irregularity;
26:
751:(lit. "to their cars"). However, these suffixes depend upon
548:(here referring to the formation of the Church of England),
471:
concatenated together, but in such a manner that individual
560:"the ideology of". On the other hand, in a word such as
467:. In an agglutinative language, words contain multiple
1285:
https://glossary.sil.org/term/agglutinative-language
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1194:"Sumerian is clearly an agglutinative language"
669:
652:
635:
618:
585:
576:is sometimes incorrectly used as a synonym for
676:
659:
642:
625:
592:
1104:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 84.
432:
8:
1267:Bodmer, Frederick. Ed. by Lancelot Hogben.
510:Agglutinative languages have generally one
439:
425:
131:
1165:Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (2002-05-06).
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
769:
1087:
397:
312:
193:
141:
134:
1171:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 329.
522:point of view. It is derived from the
7:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
950:Many unrelated languages spoken by
928:only two considered fully irregular
1057:, which in their turn evolve into
25:
723:(post-positional suffix) becomes
31:
1200:from the original on 2020-10-26
42:needs additional citations for
1026:, and occasionally as well as
1:
1223:"Orkish and the Black Speech"
518:to classify languages from a
1051:fusional synthetic languages
926:- for example, Japanese has
705:mashinhashunra niga mikardam
533:antidisestablishmentarianism
1168:A Dictionary of Archaeology
1132:Online Etymology Dictionary
983:are agglutinative, such as
670:
653:
636:
619:
586:
256:Ditransitive/Monotransitive
1320:
767:("to love" or "to like"):
129:Type of synthetic language
1063:grammaticalization theory
907:(negative present tense)
778:
677:
660:
643:
626:
593:
914:(first person singular)
881:(first person singular)
850:(first person singular)
810:(first person singular)
66:"Agglutinative language"
1299:Agglutinative languages
1055:non-synthetic languages
1006:, the ancestor of the
719:(possessive suffix) +
632:, "to write; writes")
564:, the singular suffix
536:can be broken up into
453:agglutinative language
1269:The Loom of Language.
1004:Proto-Uralic language
981:constructed languages
681:, " wrote", with the
246:Nominative–absolutive
209:Nominative–accusative
1231:University of Bergen
1220:Fauskanger, Helge K.
755:: doing the same to
666:, past tense marker)
649:, politeness suffix)
599:, "younger brother")
556:"a person who", and
516:Wilhelm von Humboldt
512:grammatical category
463:that primarily uses
51:improve this article
1304:Synthetic languages
1253:Accessed 2010-04-07
1096:Stocking, George W.
1059:isolating languages
485:consonant gradation
360:Object–verb–subject
355:Object–subject–verb
350:Subject–object–verb
338:Verb–object–subject
333:Verb–subject–object
328:Subject–verb–object
221:Ergative–absolutive
136:Linguistic typology
715:(plural suffix) +
492:fusional languages
457:synthetic language
1125:Harper, Douglas.
952:Ancient Near East
936:Quechua languages
920:
919:
544:"to deprive of",
449:
448:
391:Place–manner–time
387:Time–manner–place
280:Dependent-marking
231:Symmetrical voice
214:Marked nominative
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
1311:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1148:"Persian Syntax"
1143:
1137:
1136:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1092:
1008:Uralic languages
979:Some well known
874:(present tense)
770:
759:("house") forms
686:
680:
679:
673:
667:
665:
664:
656:
650:
648:
647:
639:
633:
631:
630:
622:
600:
598:
597:
589:
441:
434:
427:
132:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1127:"agglutination"
1124:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1079:
948:
924:irregular verbs
913:
906:
899:
880:
873:
866:
849:
842:
835:
828:
817:I did not like
809:
802:
795:
725:Mashinhashunra.
674:
657:
640:
623:
590:
508:
445:
382:Free word order
300:Syntactic pivot
195:Morphosyntactic
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1211:
1184:
1177:
1157:
1138:
1117:
1110:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1053:, and then to
1043:language drift
977:
976:
971:
966:
961:
947:
944:
918:
917:
915:
908:
901:
894:
889:
888:I do not like
885:
884:
882:
875:
868:
861:
856:
852:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
818:
814:
813:
811:
804:
797:
790:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
552:"the act of",
507:
504:
447:
446:
444:
443:
436:
429:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
402:
401:
395:
394:
393:
392:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
363:
362:
357:
352:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
317:
316:
310:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
285:Double-marking
282:
277:
272:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
253:
251:Direct-inverse
248:
243:
238:
236:Active–stative
233:
228:
226:Split ergative
223:
218:
217:
216:
198:
197:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
184:Oligosynthetic
181:
176:
171:
161:
160:
159:
146:
145:
139:
138:
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1316:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:0-393-30034-X
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1178:9780631235835
1174:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1152:Scholars Week
1149:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1111:0-299-13414-8
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
953:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
916:
912:
909:
905:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
853:
848:
845:
843:(past tense)
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
808:
805:
803:(past tense)
801:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
783:
782:
775:
772:
771:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:vowel harmony
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
684:
672:
663:
655:
646:
638:
634:affixed with
629:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
588:
583:
579:
575:
574:agglutinative
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
520:morphological
517:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:agglutination
462:
458:
455:is a type of
454:
442:
437:
435:
430:
428:
423:
422:
420:
419:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
403:
400:
396:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
377:OS word order
375:
373:
372:V2 word order
370:
368:
367:V1 word order
365:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:Zero-marking
273:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
196:
192:
185:
182:
180:
179:Polysynthetic
177:
175:
174:Agglutinative
172:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:Morphological
140:
137:
133:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
18:Agglutinating
1283:
1268:
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1192:Britannica.
1187:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1130:
1120:
1100:
1090:
1040:
1001:
985:Black Speech
978:
949:
921:
910:
903:
896:
891:
877:
870:
863:
858:
846:
839:
832:
825:
820:
806:
799:
792:
787:
764:
760:
756:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
682:
614:
610:
609:(originally
606:
602:
573:
571:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
531:
527:
509:
489:
452:
450:
345:OV languages
323:VO languages
295:Null-subject
290:Head-marking
173:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1236:2 September
1227:Ardalambion
1012:Ural-Altaic
749:arabalarına
739:(plural) +
671:kakimashita
540:"against",
528:agglutinare
408:Color terms
266:Indirective
261:Secundative
1293:Categories
1077:References
1047:Indonesian
1045:, such as
1028:Manchurian
779:Formation
473:word stems
461:morphology
314:Word order
305:Theta role
241:Tripartite
107:March 2023
77:newspapers
1082:Citations
1020:Mongolian
989:Esperanto
578:synthetic
572:The term
546:establish
496:phonetics
469:morphemes
204:Alignment
164:Synthetic
157:Isolating
1204:20 March
1198:Archived
1098:(1995).
1032:Japanese
974:Sumerian
940:Georgian
821:sevmedim
784:I liked
776:Turkish
773:English
761:evlerine
735:(car) +
711:(car) +
668:becomes
582:Japanese
506:Overview
500:spelling
413:Numerals
169:Fusional
152:Analytic
1261:Sources
1071:elision
1067:apocope
1024:Turkish
1016:Finnish
993:Klingon
969:Kassite
959:Elamite
932:Luganda
900:"like"
867:"like"
859:severim
855:I like
829:"like"
796:"like"
729:Turkish
697:Persian
601:, from
481:Finnish
477:affixes
399:Lexicon
91:scholar
1275:
1175:
1108:
1036:Korean
997:Quenya
995:, and
964:Hattic
946:Trends
892:sevmem
836:"not"
788:sevdim
765:sevmek
709:mashin
695:, and
689:German
554:-arian
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
733:araba
693:Dutch
683:-mas-
678:書きました
587:otōto
550:-ment
538:anti-
526:verb
524:Latin
459:with
98:JSTOR
84:books
1273:ISBN
1238:2013
1206:2021
1173:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1069:and
1034:and
1022:and
897:sev-
864:sev-
826:sev-
793:sev-
717:shun
651:and
637:masu
620:kaku
615:pito
611:woto
607:hito
562:runs
558:-ism
542:dis-
475:and
70:news
904:-me
878:-im
871:-er
840:-di
833:-me
800:-di
737:lar
699:).
603:oto
498:or
451:An
53:by
1295::
1229:.
1225:.
1196:.
1150:.
1129:.
1073:.
1038:.
1030:,
1018:,
999:.
991:,
987:,
942:.
911:-m
847:-m
807:-m
757:ev
741:ın
721:ra
713:ha
691:,
654:ta
645:ます
628:書く
613:+
605:+
566:-s
487:.
1279:.
1240:.
1208:.
1181:.
1154:.
1135:.
1114:.
745:a
675:(
662:た
658:(
641:(
624:(
595:弟
591:(
440:e
433:t
426:v
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
