911:. According to the World Customs Organization, Morocco supplies 70% of the European hashish market. Although statistics vary widely, hashish production is estimated to be 2,000 metric tons per year, with up to 85,000 hectares devoted to cannabis production, with a market value of $ 2 billion. In the mid-1990s, due to record rainfalls following drought years, European experts reported that the area under cultivation for cannabis increased by almost 10% (the average hectare of cannabis produces two to eight metric tons of raw plant). The rains of late 1995 and 1996 were a blessing for Morocco, ending a multi-year drought. Those same rains were a boon to the drug trade. In Tangier, this meant more jobs in the drug trade for those who could find no other work, particularly as the agricultural trade dried up with the drought.
374:
838:(often illegal emigration). The reform of the sector is not only essential in itself but is unavoidable because of the deadline for the liberalisation of agricultural trade with the EU. To be able to profit fully from this liberalisation Morocco will have to improve the health and plant health situation. The issue of what is effectively a water subsidy to promote the cultivation of cereals in unfavourable areas will need to be tackled.
121:
1268:
863:, Morocco's agricultural potential is matched by few other Arab or African countries. It is one of the few Arab countries that has the potential to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. In a normal year Morocco produces two-thirds of the grains (chiefly wheat, barley, and corn ) needed for domestic consumption. The country exports citrus fruits and early vegetables to the European market; its
24:
893:
217:
Agriculture industry in
Morocco enjoyed a complete tax exemption until 2013. Many Moroccan critics said that rich farmers and large agricultural companies were taking too much benefit of not paying the taxes and that poor farmers were struggling with high costs and are getting very poor support from
841:
Another significant issue are the working conditions for labourers. In 2013, Solidary Hands (Mains
Solidaires) documented 1,910 violations of the Moroccan labor code, including 112 cases of insults and punishments, 68 unfair firings and two cases of rape. Shaml came to similar results in 2014, with
926:
The
Moroccan government's anti-drug "cleansing" campaign of the mid-1990s is instructive for both its pronounced inability to deter the drug trade's growth and what it revealed about the size and scope of the drug business. Growing drugs was briefly made legal under the French Protectorate but was
951:
needs by harvesting the high-elevation forests in the Middle and High Atlas. Its eucalyptus plantations enable it to be self-sufficient in charcoal, which is used extensively for cooking fuel. Eucalyptus also provides the raw material needed for the country's paper and cellulose industries. Paper
833:
The agricultural sector suffers from deep structural problems; it remains very sensitive to climatic fluctuations and to the pressures of trade liberalisation. This sector accounts for approximately 15% of GDP and occupies almost half of the population. What is more, 70% of the poor live in rural
970:
off
Morocco's west coast are exceptionally rich in sardines, bonito, and tuna, but the country lacks the modern fleets and processing facilities to benefit fully from these marine resources. An important part of a major trade agreement Morocco concluded with the European Union in 1996 concerned
880:
Nevertheless, the danger of drought is ever present. Especially at risk are the cereal-growing lowlands, which are subject to considerable variation in annual precipitation. On average, drought occurs in
Morocco every third year, creating a volatility in agricultural production that is the main
927:
declared illegal in 1956, the year of
Moroccan independence. As European tourism and drug markets expanded in the 1960s and 1970s, a huge underground market for drugs developed, which was not only allowed by government officials, but encouraged.
858:
Morocco is endowed with numerous exploitable resources. With approximately 85,000 square kilometres (33,000 sq mi) of arable land (one-seventh of which can be irrigated) and its generally temperate
867:
is developed, and production of commercial crops (cotton, sugarcane, sugar beets, and sunflowers) is expanding. Newer crops such as tea, tobacco, and soybeans have passed the experimental stage, the fertile
218:
the state. In 2014, as part of the
Finance Law, it was decided that agricultural companies with a turnover of greater than MAD 5 million would pay progressive corporate income taxes.
918:
to the west and south in provinces including
Chefchaouen, Larache and Taounate. This growth continues despite a well-publicized campaign in the 1990s to eradicate drug trafficking.
1752:
872:
being favourable for their cultivation. The country is actively developing its irrigation potential that ultimately will irrigate more than 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km).
935:
Livestock raising, particularly sheep and cattle, is widespread. Morocco fills its own meat requirements and is attempting to become self-sufficient in dairy products.
1460:
1559:
1256:
1737:
884:
Droughts are most commonly the main concern for farmers in
Morocco due to the major agricultural production that is a massive part of Morocco's economy.
1575:
1757:
1044:
Rayne, Louise; Brandolini, Filippo; Makovics, Jen Lavris; Hayes-Rich, Emily; Levy, Jackson; Irvine, Hope; Assi, Lima; Bokbot, Youssef (2023-11-08).
41:
1674:
194:. High quality agricultural products are usually exported to Europe. Morocco produces enough food for domestic consumption except for grains,
814:
382:
373:
1143:
1982:
1234:
1188:
1101:
914:
Today, the drug trade continues to grow, with areas used for cultivation spreading beyond the traditional growing areas of the central
1549:
131:
employs about 40% of the nation's workforce. Thus, it is the largest employer in the country. In the rainy sections of the northwest,
88:
1383:
1378:
155:
are raised and forests yield cork, cabinet wood, and building materials. Part of the maritime population fishes for its livelihood.
107:
60:
1772:
1249:
2081:
67:
1554:
1544:
1304:
1217:"Middle East Report 218: "Networks of Discontent in Northern Morocco: Drugs, Opposition and Urban Unrest," by James Ketterer"
45:
842:
farm workers of 19 different neighborhoods in the north of the country describing 855 cases of sexual assault, ranging from
1216:
1897:
1388:
819:
1812:
1424:
74:
2008:
2086:
1922:
1912:
1717:
1611:
1475:
1350:
1314:
1242:
971:
fishing rights, by which the EU pays
Morocco an annual fee to allow vessels (mainly Spanish) to fish Moroccan waters.
961:
2055:
2051:
1927:
1817:
1747:
1667:
56:
34:
2047:
1987:
1907:
1872:
1857:
1842:
1797:
1732:
1528:
1465:
1404:
980:
172:
1862:
1595:
1335:
139:, and other cereals can be raised without irrigation. On the Atlantic coast, where there are extensive plains,
1621:
1019:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2016:
1962:
1937:
1827:
1787:
1782:
1762:
1727:
1712:
1419:
2012:
1947:
1917:
1902:
1887:
1877:
1832:
1792:
1777:
1722:
1697:
1360:
1957:
1952:
1892:
1847:
1807:
1702:
1683:
1660:
1518:
1455:
1429:
1355:
860:
1932:
1882:
1837:
1822:
1802:
1767:
1707:
1450:
1590:
1126:
81:
1942:
1852:
1742:
900:
1523:
1485:
1319:
1309:
1272:
1192:
1168:
1083:
1065:
985:
1434:
1073:
1057:
1636:
1580:
1173:
908:
171:
are among the important fishing harbors. Both the agriculture and fishing industries are
1078:
1045:
967:
944:
835:
288:
179:
2075:
864:
381:
Below is a table of the agricultural output of Morocco according to estimates of the
207:
144:
1224:
1005:
952:
pulp is a valuable export as is cork from the country's plentiful cork oak forests.
120:
351:
206:. More than 40% of Morocco's consumption of grains and flour is imported from the
943:
Morocco's forests, which cover about one-tenth of its total land area (excluding
1409:
148:
23:
1061:
1480:
1414:
843:
358:
302:
238:
1069:
1585:
316:
281:
191:
164:
160:
152:
1087:
1114:
1340:
834:
areas, which results in a massive rural exodus towards the cities or the
1652:
1345:
1267:
904:
246:
168:
892:
948:
344:
330:
274:
260:
253:
211:
199:
187:
183:
156:
132:
1046:"Detecting desertification in the ancient oases of southern Morocco"
947:), have substantial commercial value. Morocco satisfies much of its
284:(4th largest producer in the world, behind China, Spain and Turkey);
1616:
891:
869:
372:
361:(3rd largest producer in the world, only behind Turkey and Egypt);
337:
323:
309:
295:
267:
242:
231:
195:
140:
136:
119:
1470:
847:
1656:
1502:
1283:
1238:
915:
365:
In addition to smaller yields of other agricultural products.
203:
17:
270:(3rd largest producer in the world, behind Spain and Italy);
1169:"Ketama Gold puts Morocco top of Europe's cannabis league"
151:
are grown, largely with water supplied by artesian wells.
1144:"The dark side of Morocco's booming agricultural exports"
1996:
1971:
1690:
1604:
1568:
1537:
1511:
1443:
1397:
1371:
1328:
1292:
377:
Crate of clementine (mandarin) oranges from Morocco
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1102:"Morocco - Corporate - Tax credits and incentives"
178:Moroccan agricultural production also consists of
173:expected to be severely impacted by climate change
1668:
1250:
8:
1211:
1209:
1675:
1661:
1653:
1499:
1280:
1257:
1243:
1235:
387:
1077:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
997:
901:Morocco is the world's largest exporter
881:constraint on expansion in the sector.
291:(15th largest producer in the world);
277:(15th largest producer in the world);
256:(15th largest producer in the world);
234:(20th largest producer in the world);
7:
815:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
383:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1115:Morocco production in 2018, by FAO
14:
1983:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1753:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1266:
124:Moroccan agricultural production
22:
1576:Ministry of Economy and Finance
1020:"Climate Risk Profile: Morocco"
33:needs additional citations for
794:Anise, badian, fennel, corian.
754:Other melons (inc.cantaloupes)
1:
774:Tangerines, mandarins, clem.
1006:"Morocco | Infoplease"
966:The fishing grounds in the
962:Fishing industry in Morocco
805:
802:
799:
796:
785:
782:
779:
776:
765:
762:
759:
756:
745:
742:
739:
736:
725:
722:
719:
716:
705:
702:
699:
696:
685:
682:
679:
676:
665:
662:
659:
656:
645:
642:
639:
636:
625:
622:
619:
616:
605:
602:
599:
596:
585:
582:
579:
576:
565:
562:
559:
556:
545:
542:
539:
536:
525:
522:
519:
516:
505:
502:
499:
496:
485:
482:
479:
476:
465:
462:
459:
456:
445:
442:
439:
436:
425:
422:
419:
416:
241:, which is used to produce
2105:
1062:10.1038/s41598-023-46319-1
959:
226:Morocco produced in 2018:
1630:
1560:Morocco–United States FTA
1498:
1405:Casablanca Stock Exchange
1279:
981:Economy of Western Sahara
810:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
1738:Central African Republic
57:"Agriculture in Morocco"
1420:Casablanca Finance City
434:Indigenous chicken meat
2082:Agriculture in Morocco
1684:Agriculture in Africa
1384:Science and technology
1379:Information technology
1286:Industries and sectors
897:
514:Cow milk, whole, fresh
494:Indigenous cattle meat
378:
237:3.7 million tonnes of
129:Agriculture in Morocco
125:
1898:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1758:Republic of the Congo
1538:Free trade agreements
895:
861:Mediterranean climate
554:Indigenous sheep meat
385:. Data is from 2009:
376:
357:128 thousand tons of
350:256 thousand tons of
343:319 thousand tons of
336:451 thousand tons of
329:480 thousand tons of
322:500 thousand tons of
315:616 thousand tons of
308:696 thousand tons of
301:742 thousand tons of
294:954 thousand tons of
123:
1398:Trade and investment
403:Quantity world rank
280:1.2 million tons of
273:1.4 million tons of
266:1.5 million tons of
259:1.8 million tons of
252:2.8 million tons of
230:7.3 million tons of
42:improve this article
1973:States with limited
1569:Government policies
1305:Automotive industry
574:Almonds, with shell
397:Value (Int $ 1000)
2087:Economy of Morocco
1512:Regional economies
1389:Telecommunications
1273:Economy of Morocco
1189:"Moroccan Hashish"
1050:Scientific Reports
898:
634:Hen eggs, in shell
379:
287:1 million tons of
126:
2069:
2068:
2000:other territories
1773:Equatorial Guinea
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1494:
1493:
1026:. 9 December 2016
986:African countries
907:, the resin from
826:
825:
817:(FAO) 2009 data:
406:Value world rank
118:
117:
110:
92:
2094:
2061:
2060:(United Kingdom)
2056:Tristan da Cunha
2052:Ascension Island
2044:
2031:
2022:
1998:Dependencies and
1691:Sovereign states
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1612:Economic history
1545:Agadir Agreement
1506:
1500:
1351:Renewable energy
1287:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1223:. Archived from
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1191:. Archived from
1185:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1117:
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1098:
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1091:
1081:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1002:
922:Anti-drug policy
400:Production (MT)
388:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2042:
2029:
2020:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1686:
1681:
1651:
1642:
1637:Moroccan dirham
1626:
1600:
1581:Bank Al-Maghrib
1564:
1533:
1507:
1504:
1490:
1486:Casablanca port
1481:Tanger-Med port
1439:
1393:
1367:
1324:
1288:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1233:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1174:TheGuardian.com
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1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
994:
977:
964:
958:
941:
933:
924:
890:
878:
856:
831:
813:
371:
224:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2045:
2032:
2023:
2009:Canary Islands
2005:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
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1945:
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1935:
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1625:
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1591:Plan Emergence
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1557:
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1529:Western Sahara
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1509:
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1505:Related topics
1503:
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1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Rail transport
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Transportation
1447:
1445:
1444:Transportation
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1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1394:
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1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
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1358:
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1338:
1332:
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1323:
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1317:
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1307:
1302:
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1284:
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1231:
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1227:on 2001-06-24.
1205:
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1177:. 27 May 2003.
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968:Canary Current
960:Main article:
957:
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945:Western Sahara
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190:, olives, and
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98:September 2024
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6:
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3:
2:
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2040:
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2027:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
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1970:
1964:
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1911:
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1814:
1813:Guinea-Bissau
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
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1622:Trade history
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1596:Privatization
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59: –
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53:Find sources:
47:
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37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2048:Saint Helena
2019:
1923:South Africa
1913:Sierra Leone
1867:
1718:Burkina Faso
1634:
1550:Euro-Med FTA
1299:
1225:the original
1220:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1183:
1172:
1163:
1152:. Retrieved
1150:. 2018-05-02
1147:
1138:
1121:
1110:
1096:
1056:(1): 19424.
1053:
1049:
1039:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:Climatelinks
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714:Strawberries
654:String beans
380:
364:
352:chili pepper
225:
216:
177:
128:
127:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1975:recognition
1928:South Sudan
1818:Ivory Coast
1361:Solar power
1300:Agriculture
870:Gharb plain
734:Onions, dry
149:wine grapes
2076:Categories
2030:(Portugal)
1988:Somaliland
1908:Seychelles
1873:Mozambique
1858:Mauritania
1843:Madagascar
1798:The Gambia
1733:Cape Verde
1635:Currency:
1519:Casablanca
1456:Autoroutes
1430:Investment
1372:Technology
1356:Wind power
1199:2009-12-27
1154:2022-01-12
1127:"Redirect"
1030:2020-05-14
992:References
844:harassment
394:Commodity
303:watermelon
239:sugar beet
222:Production
68:newspapers
1863:Mauritius
1586:Plan Azur
1425:Companies
1070:2045-2322
931:Livestock
620:1,500,000
600:1,200,000
540:3,800,000
520:1,750,000
480:1,300,000
420:6,400,000
317:sugarcane
282:tangerine
192:olive oil
165:El Jadida
161:Essaouira
153:Livestock
2054: /
2050: /
2043:(France)
2037: /
2015: /
2011: /
1963:Zimbabwe
1938:Tanzania
1788:Ethiopia
1783:Eswatini
1763:Djibouti
1728:Cameroon
1713:Botswana
1476:Airlines
1341:Desertec
1293:Overview
1088:37940666
1079:10632388
975:See also
909:cannabis
812:Source:
614:Potatoes
474:Tomatoes
188:potatoes
184:tomatoes
2039:RĂ©union
2035:Mayotte
2026:Madeira
2021:(Spain)
2017:Melilla
1948:Tunisia
1918:Somalia
1903:Senegal
1888:Nigeria
1878:Namibia
1868:Morocco
1833:Liberia
1828:Lesotho
1778:Eritrea
1748:Comoros
1723:Burundi
1698:Algeria
1605:History
1524:Tangier
1346:Medgrid
1320:Tourism
1315:Fishing
1310:Finance
956:Fishing
939:Forests
905:hashish
888:Hashish
876:Drought
797:127,126
780:522,000
777:128,945
760:730,000
757:134,386
740:650,000
737:136,521
720:124,239
717:168,627
700:400,000
697:169,166
680:300,000
677:171,485
660:182,180
657:173,716
640:267,267
637:221,666
617:230,032
597:231,910
594:Oranges
580:104,115
577:307,240
560:119,706
557:325,935
537:389,709
517:409,566
500:160,384
497:433,257
477:480,433
460:770,000
457:616,541
440:446,424
437:635,889
417:939,150
247:ethanol
180:oranges
169:Larache
82:scholar
2058:
2041:
2028:
1958:Zambia
1953:Uganda
1893:Rwanda
1848:Malawi
1808:Guinea
1703:Angola
1329:Energy
1086:
1076:
1068:
949:timber
829:Reform
800:23,000
694:Apples
674:Grapes
534:Barley
454:Olives
345:banana
331:carrot
289:orange
275:tomato
261:potato
254:barley
212:France
200:coffee
167:, and
157:Agadir
147:, and
141:olives
133:barley
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2013:Ceuta
1933:Sudan
1883:Niger
1838:Libya
1823:Kenya
1803:Ghana
1793:Gabon
1768:Egypt
1708:Benin
1617:Falus
1555:GAFTA
1435:Trade
1410:MADEX
1130:(PDF)
414:Wheat
391:Rank
338:grape
324:melon
310:apple
296:onion
268:olive
243:sugar
232:wheat
196:sugar
137:wheat
89:JSTOR
75:books
1943:Togo
1853:Mali
1743:Chad
1471:ONCF
1415:MASI
1084:PMID
1066:ISSN
854:Land
848:rape
245:and
210:and
202:and
61:news
1461:ADM
1074:PMC
1058:doi
916:Rif
903:of
846:to
786:12
746:23
726:11
706:NA
686:NA
646:NA
626:NA
606:14
566:NA
526:NA
506:NA
486:17
446:NA
426:17
359:fig
204:tea
44:by
2078::
1219:.
1208:^
1171:.
1146:.
1082:.
1072:.
1064:.
1054:13
1052:.
1048:.
1022:.
850:.
836:EU
806:7
791:20
783:12
771:19
766:8
751:18
743:23
731:17
723:11
711:16
703:NA
691:15
683:NA
671:14
666:3
651:13
643:NA
631:12
623:NA
611:11
603:14
591:10
586:5
563:NA
546:7
543:12
523:NA
503:NA
483:17
466:6
443:NA
423:19
214:.
198:,
186:,
182:,
175:.
163:,
159:,
143:,
135:,
1676:e
1669:t
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1060::
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1008:.
803:7
763:8
663:3
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571:9
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431:2
411:1
354:;
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111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
