31:
1194:
1218:
1206:
108:
window, affecting the concentration of oxygen. This system is often used with air-entrainment nebulizers to provide humidification and oxygen therapy. The total flow of gas (oxygen plus the entrained air) will be greater than the patient's peak inspiratory flow so the delivered
70:'s description of intermittent oxygen treatment; "bringing a drowning man to the surface – occasionally". By contrast the venturi mask offered a constant supply of oxygen at a much more precise range of concentrations.
135:
553:
1222:
93:. Many masks are color-coded and have a recommended oxygen flow specified on them. When used with this oxygen flow, the mask should provide the specified
170:. Where the flow of moving oxygen meets the static air, viscous shearing causes a predictable amount of the air to be dragged into the flow.
139:
1244:
1066:
789:
663:
598:
63:
199:
Use of a reservoir nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with refractory hypoxemia; Sheehan, JC, O'Donohue, WJ; Chest. 1996; 110:s1.
1254:
956:
668:
575:
546:
400:
1116:
1101:
690:
516:
Scacci R (1979). "Air entrainment masks: jet mixing is how they work; the
Venturi and Bernoulli principles are how they don't".
925:
852:
745:
675:
1210:
740:
1198:
586:
539:
1111:
1096:
768:
733:
728:
637:
105:
79:
1081:
1007:
1143:
838:
30:
847:
821:
163:
1158:
1126:
1071:
978:
894:
658:
591:
1249:
710:
380:
988:
966:
951:
1076:
971:
424:
1163:
1106:
874:
857:
833:
779:
562:
425:"Revisiting oxygen therapy in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
1121:
961:
936:
697:
498:
452:
67:
167:
1175:
1170:
1153:
946:
867:
651:
490:
444:
396:
356:
338:
297:
279:
240:
899:
482:
436:
388:
346:
328:
287:
271:
230:
222:
143:
1021:
828:
799:
680:
440:
392:
351:
316:
292:
235:
210:
159:
59:
55:
47:
486:
1238:
1061:
1031:
941:
862:
66:
as a replacement for intermittent oxygen treatment. Dr. Campbell was fond of quoting
17:
502:
456:
1131:
983:
794:
1148:
1091:
889:
884:
879:
804:
784:
179:
166:. However, a fixed performance oxygen delivery system works on the principle of
147:
1138:
811:
705:
628:
342:
333:
283:
226:
1086:
1026:
816:
685:
275:
448:
360:
301:
494:
259:
244:
646:
134:
is particularly important for patients whose ventilation is dependent on
104:. Other brands of mask have a rotating attachment that controls the air
531:
158:
The mechanism of action is variously described with reference to the
142:. Administration of too much oxygen may lead to a reduction in their
51:
29:
1050:
1005:
923:
766:
615:
573:
535:
150:, and ultimately to reduced consciousness or even death.
473:
Kittredge P (1983). "Neither
Venturi nor Bernoulli".
721:
635:
317:"John Scott Haldane: The father of oxygen therapy"
78:Venturi masks are used to deliver a specified
547:
120:is independent of their respiratory pattern.
8:
468:
466:
387:(4th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 99–110.
1217:
1047:
1002:
920:
763:
623:
612:
570:
554:
540:
532:
374:
372:
370:
350:
332:
291:
234:
34:Adult with air entrainment (Venturi) mask
54:concentration to patients on controlled
379:Al-Shaikh, Baha; Stacey, Simon (2013).
192:
260:"Moran Campbell and clinical science"
211:"ABC of oxygen. Acute oxygen therapy"
140:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7:
1205:
315:Sekhar, KC; Rao, SSC Chakra (2014).
1067:Breathing performance of regulators
790:Continuous positive airway pressure
385:Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment
381:"Masks and oxygen delivery devices"
664:Self-contained breathing apparatus
599:Mountaineering breathing apparatus
441:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00880.x
393:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4954-5.00006-1
182:for masks used in various settings
138:, as may be seen in patients with
64:McMaster University Medical School
25:
957:Surface-supplied diving equipment
669:Self-contained self-rescue device
576:High altitude breathing apparatus
1216:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1117:Respiratory protective equipment
1102:Open circuit breathing apparatus
691:Powered air-purifying respirator
617:Occupational breathing apparatus
429:The Medical Journal of Australia
926:Underwater breathing apparatus
853:Respiratory gas humidification
1:
487:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92779-4
321:Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
209:Bateman NT, Leach RM (1998).
80:fraction of inspired oxygen (
587:Aviation breathing apparatus
258:Gibson, G. J. (2004-09-01).
1245:Medical breathing apparatus
1112:Positive pressure breathing
1097:Negative pressure breathing
769:Medical breathing apparatus
148:retention of carbon dioxide
58:. The mask was invented by
1271:
1082:Escape breathing apparatus
1008:User respiratory interface
746:GB2626 (China), and others
1188:
1144:Closed circuit rebreather
1057:
1046:
1014:
1001:
932:
919:
839:Built-in breathing system
775:
762:
741:EN 149/14683/143 (Europe)
729:42 CFR 84 (United States)
626:
622:
611:
582:
569:
1255:Pulmonological equipment
848:Positive airway pressure
822:Non-invasive ventilation
334:10.4103/0019-5049.135087
227:10.1136/bmj.317.7161.798
1159:Carbon dioxide scrubber
1127:Constant flow regulator
979:Atmospheric diving suit
895:Partial rebreather mask
659:Supplied-air respirator
592:Emergency oxygen system
276:10.1136/thx.2004.032219
711:Elastomeric respirator
676:Particulate respirator
35:
989:Helium reclaim system
967:Helicopter escape set
952:Full-face diving mask
164:Bernoulli's principle
33:
18:Air-entrainment masks
1077:Emergency gas supply
972:Submarine escape set
44:air-entrainment mask
1164:Semi-closed circuit
1107:Oxygen concentrator
875:Non-rebreather mask
858:Supplemental oxygen
834:Hyperbaric medicine
780:Anaesthetic machine
563:Breathing apparatus
50:to deliver a known
42:, also known as an
1122:Pressure regulator
937:Open-circuit scuba
698:Chemical cartridge
423:Young, IH (2007).
68:John Scott Haldane
36:
1232:
1231:
1184:
1183:
1176:Escape respirator
1171:Work of breathing
1154:Oxygen rebreather
1042:
1041:
997:
996:
947:Diving rebreather
915:
914:
868:Reservoir cannula
758:
757:
754:
753:
607:
606:
221:(7161): 798–801.
16:(Redirected from
1262:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1048:
1003:
921:
900:Simple face mask
764:
624:
613:
571:
556:
549:
542:
533:
526:
525:
513:
507:
506:
470:
461:
460:
420:
414:
413:
411:
409:
376:
365:
364:
354:
336:
312:
306:
305:
295:
255:
249:
248:
238:
206:
200:
197:
144:respiratory rate
21:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1180:
1053:
1038:
1018:Breathing mask
1010:
993:
928:
911:
771:
750:
734:ANSI K13.1-1973
717:
631:
618:
603:
578:
565:
560:
530:
529:
515:
514:
510:
472:
471:
464:
422:
421:
417:
407:
405:
403:
378:
377:
368:
314:
313:
309:
257:
256:
252:
208:
207:
203:
198:
194:
189:
176:
156:
133:
128:
119:
114:
103:
98:
90:
85:
76:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Full facepiece
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
975:
974:
969:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
930:
929:
924:
917:
916:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
871:
870:
855:
850:
845:
844:
843:
842:
841:
829:Oxygen therapy
826:
825:
824:
819:
809:
808:
807:
802:
800:Bag valve mask
792:
787:
782:
776:
773:
772:
767:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
737:
736:
725:
723:
719:
718:
716:
715:
714:
713:
708:
700:
695:
694:
693:
688:
683:
681:N95 respirator
673:
672:
671:
661:
656:
655:
654:
643:
641:
633:
632:
627:
620:
619:
616:
609:
608:
605:
604:
602:
601:
596:
595:
594:
583:
580:
579:
574:
567:
566:
561:
559:
558:
551:
544:
536:
528:
527:
508:
462:
415:
401:
366:
327:(3): 350–352.
307:
270:(9): 737–740.
250:
201:
191:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
175:
172:
160:venturi effect
155:
152:
131:
126:
117:
112:
101:
96:
88:
83:
75:
72:
60:Moran Campbell
56:oxygen therapy
48:medical device
27:Medical device
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1267:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Medical masks
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Breathing gas
1060:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1033:
1032:orinasal mask
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Diving helmet
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
927:
922:
918:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
863:Nasal cannula
861:
860:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
770:
765:
761:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
726:
724:
720:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
699:
696:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
670:
667:
666:
665:
662:
660:
657:
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
644:
642:
639:
636:Regulated by
634:
630:
625:
621:
614:
610:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
557:
552:
550:
545:
543:
538:
537:
534:
523:
519:
512:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:(8317): 182.
480:
476:
469:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
419:
416:
404:
402:9780702049545
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
373:
371:
367:
362:
358:
353:
348:
344:
340:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
311:
308:
303:
299:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
254:
251:
246:
242:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
205:
202:
196:
193:
186:
181:
178:
177:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:hypoxic drive
129:
123:A controlled
121:
115:
107:
99:
92:
86:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1132:Demand valve
984:Gas extender
905:Venturi mask
904:
795:Resuscitator
521:
518:Respir. Care
517:
511:
478:
474:
432:
428:
418:
406:. Retrieved
384:
324:
320:
310:
267:
263:
253:
218:
214:
204:
195:
157:
124:
122:
110:
94:
81:
77:
43:
40:venturi mask
39:
37:
1149:Counterlung
1092:Hazmat suit
890:Oxygen tent
885:Oxygen mask
880:Oxygen hood
805:Pocket mask
785:Bubble CPAP
722:Regulations
702:Facepieces
180:Oxygen mask
106:entrainment
1239:Categories
1139:Rebreather
1072:Dead space
812:Ventilator
706:Smoke hood
640:and others
629:Respirator
524:: 928–931.
435:(5): 239.
187:References
168:jet mixing
1087:Facepiece
1027:Half mask
817:Iron lung
686:Dust mask
408:3 October
343:0019-5049
284:0040-6376
154:Mechanism
1223:Glossary
1199:Category
652:Canister
647:Gas mask
503:10964089
457:27365725
449:17391085
361:25024490
302:15333847
174:See also
1211:Commons
1052:General
962:Snorkel
495:6130219
352:4091013
293:1747134
245:9740573
236:1113909
46:, is a
501:
493:
475:Lancet
455:
447:
399:
359:
349:
341:
300:
290:
282:
264:Thorax
243:
233:
52:oxygen
638:NIOSH
499:S2CID
453:S2CID
491:PMID
445:PMID
410:2022
397:ISBN
357:PMID
339:ISSN
298:PMID
280:ISSN
241:PMID
146:and
38:The
483:doi
437:doi
433:186
389:doi
347:PMC
329:doi
288:PMC
272:doi
231:PMC
223:doi
219:317
215:BMJ
162:or
74:Use
62:at
1241::
522:24
520:.
497:.
489:.
477:.
465:^
451:.
443:.
431:.
427:.
395:.
383:.
369:^
355:.
345:.
337:.
325:58
323:.
319:.
296:.
286:.
278:.
268:59
266:.
262:.
239:.
229:.
217:.
213:.
555:e
548:t
541:v
505:.
485::
479:1
459:.
439::
412:.
391::
363:.
331::
304:.
274::
247:.
225::
132:2
130:O
127:I
125:F
118:2
116:O
113:I
111:F
102:2
100:O
97:I
95:F
91:)
89:2
87:O
84:I
82:F
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
