Al-Nasir Muhammad - Knowledge (XXG)

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passing the right flank of an-Nasir's army. Qutlugh-Shah withdrew to a mountain also believing that he had won. But from his position on the mountain he saw the army of an-Nasir standing firm on the left flank and his soldiers were filling the field. Qutlugh-Shah was puzzled and asked an Egyptian Emir who was taken prisoner about the army that he was seeing. The Emir answered him that it was the army of the Sultan of Egypt. Qutlugh-Shah was shocked as he did not know that an-Nasir has arrived with the Egyptian army. When Qutlugh-Shah saw his army defeated and fleeing he too fled at sunset. Next morning Qutlugh-Shah returned to the battlefield but he was defeated again. His third offensive happened early in the morning of the third day but his army was utterly annihilated. Only a small number of the Mongols survived. When Ghazan heard about the defeat of his army it was said that he was so upset that he suffered a severe hemorrhage and he died a year later (11 May 1304). An-Nasir returned to Egypt to great celebrations. Cairo was decorated from

850: 698:, who had fled after the murder of al-Ashraf Khalil, returned to Cairo, the Burji Mamluks, who were known as the al-Mamalik al-Ashrafiyah Khalil (Mamluks of al-Ashraf Khalil) and who were removed from the citadel by Kitbugha, rebelled and went on a rampage in Cairo because Lajin had not been arrested and punished for his involvement in the murder of their benefactor Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil. The Ashrafiyah were defeated and many of them were killed and executed. Lajin convinced Kitbugha to depose an-Nasir Muhammad and install himself as sultan after warning that the Ashrafiyah and an-Nasir would seek revenge for the murder of Khalil in which Kitbugha had been involved. Kitbugha deposed an-Nasir and installed himself sultan with Lajin as his vice-sultan. An-Nasir, who was by now 10 years old, was removed with his mother to another section in the palace where they stayed until they were sent to 1105:

the Oirat Mongols from royal service and annulled the exceptional taxes and surcharges (Mikoos) which were imposed on the common people by the authorities and which enriched officials and made the emirs more powerful. He employed Emir Ibn al-Waziri, a man who was known to be tough on corruption, as the head of Dar al-Adl (Court of Justice) and every Monday the Sultan would listen to complaints from the common people against the officials and the emirs. He prohibited his governors from executing or physically punishing convicts without his permission and he shut an infamous prison near the Citadel. In 1314 he abolished the post of vice-Sultan. In 1315 he carried out a land survey to re-establish the amount of the taxes which the land owners and the landlords had to pay to the state.

3727: 711: 1029: 157: 3720: 4884: 1333: 1073: 730:(Baibars II), assembled and decided to call an-Nasir Muhammad from Karak and re-install him as sultan with Emir Taghji as Vice-Sultan. But the recall of an-Nasir was delayed for some time as Emir Kirji, who murdered Lajin, and the Ashrafiyah Emirs insisted that Taghji should become the sultan and Kirji be the vice-sultan. At last, an-Nasir was recalled and he arrived with his mother in Cairo amid widespread celebration by its population. An-Nasir, who was by now 14 years old, was re-installed with 1178:

admitted that some people gathered and made rags with oil and tar in them and distributed them to some people to start fires in retaliation for the attacks on some churches. An-Nasir ordered the summoning of the patriarch, who condemned what happened. Some Muslims were arrested and rioters on both sides were punished. The Crusader attack on Muslim countries led to the arousal of hostility at times between Muslims and local Christians in Muslim countries. In response to the persecution of the

1156:. These soldiers had a royal order from al-Nasir Muhammad ordering them to close the Baghdad Bazaar, which was a place for bad deeds such as prostitution and drinking, and in a challenge to the authority of the Mongols in Baghdad, the soldiers closed the bazaar. One of al-Nasir Muhammad’s orders was that the women who worked in the bazaar should be pardoned and all of them should get married. This was in addition to his orders to throw away all the wine in the place. The historian 684: 4126: 762: 46: 4115: 1092:

Musa were arrested. The vice-Sultan Baktmar was arrested a year later after being accused of plotting to overthrow an-Nasir and take the throne for himself. Baibars al-Dewadar became the new vice-Sultan. Because of his experience with the Emirs and their plots, an-Nasir Muhammad became very suspicious and very sensitive to criticism. He even exiled the Caliph to

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wrote the following about Al-Nasir Muhammad: "His name was mentioned everywhere like no other king's name. All the kings wrote to him, sent gifts to him and feared him. The whole of Egypt was in his grasp." Both father and brother of an-Nasir were celebrated sultans and eight of his sons and four of

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conspired with a mamluk of the Sultan to kill Baibars al-Jashnakir and Salar in order to bring Kitbugha who was in Hama back to power. The sultan's mamluk attacked Baibars and tried to kill him but he was himself killed. The Oirats attacked the Dihliz of the Sultan but they were stopped in a way that

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Mikoos were exceptional taxes imposed by the authorities on the common people. Some of the Mikoos that an-Nasir abolished were the crops tax, the prisons tax, the poultry tax, the prostitutes' tax, the rubbish tax, the sailing tax and the wedding parties tax. (Al-Maqrizi, pp. 507–509; (Shayyal, vol.

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Sultan al-Nasir Mahammad died leaving behind an Egyptian renaissance in all fields, whether economic, social, cultural, artistic, military or political. Most of the Egyptian people during his reign lived a dignified and luxurious life because of his great economic projects and decisions most notably

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Slowly but systematically an-Nasir increased his power as sultan and took revenge on the emirs who had mistreated him in the past and on the emirs who plotted against him after his return to Egypt. He abolished a few official positions, seized the wealth and property of corrupt officials, discharged

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An-Nasir returned to Egypt. During his first reign he was dominated by Kitbugha and al-Shuja‘i, while during his second reign he was dominated by Baibars and Salar. An-Nasir, who was now 24 years old, was determined not to be dominated or deprived of his full rights as a sultan by any emir. An-Nasir

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Baibars al-Jashnakir ruled Egypt for ten months and 24 days. His reign was marked by social unrest and threats from the Mongols and the Crusaders. The population of Egypt, who hated him, demanded the return of their beloved Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad. Baibars was forced to step down and flee from the

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who attacked and looted an-Nasir's soldiers during their retreat to Egypt were attacked at their strongholds and they were forced to give back the weapons and the properties which they had taken from the retreating soldiers. The submitted deputies arrived in Egypt and were received by an-Nasir. The

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on the ground, and the princes, along with the women, fainted and fell to the ground. That day was sad for the entire Egyptian nation. Sultan al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun was the greatest Egyptian sultan known to history and the Egyptians, and the sultan whom his people loved the most. He and the

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Unnamed woman — was later married by al-Nasir to Arghun al-Ala'i. During Isma'il's reign, Kujuk was seen by her and her son as a potential contender for the throne. In September 1342, she accused Kujuk's mother, Ardu of having used sorcery to cause Isma'il's illness. In 1346, she was expelled from

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communities which developed after a few Christian churches were destroyed simultaneously in various parts of Egypt. This was followed by a series of fires at mosques and other buildings in Cairo. A few Christians were arrested while trying to set fire to some buildings and mosques, and one of them

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In 1310 the vice-Sultan Baktmar al-Jukondar and Emir Bikhtas conspired to overthrow an-Nasir and replace him with Emir Musa, the son of as-Salih Ali who was the son of Qalawun. Musa agreed to participate in the conspiracy, but the conspiracy was revealed to an-Nasir by an emir and both Bikhtas and

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and stayed there ending his second reign. But an-Nasir did not actually mean to resign. He knew he would not be able to rule while Baibars and Salar were in power as sooner or later they would depose him or even kill him. An-Nasir tried to arrest Baibars and Salar but when he failed he calculated

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and made them swear allegiance and fidelity to his son. He told the statesmen that if they saw one of his sons or grandchildren from the Qalawunid family of bad conduct or a ruler who was not worthy of Egypt and the Egyptians, they should remove him and appoint a better one (al-Nasir did not know

1212:. The Papal envoys arrived in Cairo in June 1327 with a gift and a letter from the Pope who appealed to an-Nasir to treat the Christians well and to protect the Christian holy places and to stop his attacks against Sis. Those were the first envoys of a Pope to go to Egypt since the time of Sultan 889:

In Egypt, the defeated soldiers of an-Nasir kept arriving in disorder. The deposed Sultan Kitbugha, who was in Syria, also fled to Egypt. Cairo became overcrowded as many Syrian refugees fled there. An-Nasir and the Emirs began to prepare for a new march to the Levant. Money, horses and arms were

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followed by the army of Ghazan. An-Nasir left for Egypt and Ghazan took Homs. Much of the population of Damascus fled towards Egypt. The leaders of Damascus appealed to Ghazan not to kill the remaining population of the city. Ghazan arrived at the outskirts of Damascus and his soldiers looted the

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The Burji Mamluks became more powerful during the second reign of an-Nasir. They imposed taxes on people who needed their services or their protection. This official bribery was called "Himayah". The rivals of the Burjis, who were led by Baibars al-Jashnakir, were the Salihiyya and the Mansuriyya

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Sultan al-Nasir Mahammad ibn Qalawun died, who left Egypt while it was at one of its greatest geographical extent throughout its history. The borders of the sultanate at the time of his death were from the gates of Baghdad in the east to the gates of Tunisia in the west and from central Anatolia

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A force of about 10,000 men led by Qutlugh-Shah attacked the right flank of an-Nasir's army but units led by Baibars and Salar gave their support and pushed Qutlugh-Shah back. There was confusion on the battleground as many thought that an-Nasir's army had been defeated when they saw the Mongols

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When Baibars al-Jashnakir stood in chains before an-Nasir after his arrest, an-Nasir was rough on him and he recalled the bad deeds which Baibars committed against him including depriving him once from eating sweet with almond and another time from eating grilled goose. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p.

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which obliged each Egyptian to pay one dinar to support the army failed. Therefore, it was decided that the Egyptian people should pay voluntarily and not by force of law. But suddenly the news arrived in Cairo that Ghazan had left the Levant after he had installed two of his commanders as his

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Some of the feuding princes were looking at each other, waiting for the announcement of the sultan’s death, until they turned against each other. The powerful Sultan Mahammad was the only obstacle to any rebellions or coups in the state. We see, for example, that the Sultan's closest men were

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An-Nasir was known to appoint non-Mamluks loyal to himself to senior military positions and remove capable officers of their duty whose loyalty he doubted. He however annulled taxes and surcharges that were imposed on commoners for the benefit of the emirs and officials. He employed Emir Ibn

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origin, were rivals and did not get on with each other. Al-Shuja‘i, with the support of the Burji Mamluks, planned to arrest Kitbugha and assassinate his emirs but Kitbugha laid siege to the Citadel and the conflict ended with the murder of al-Shuja‘i and the removal of the Burjis from the

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that he would be able to make new alliances with the Sultanate deputies in the Levant who could offer him support against the two Emirs for a return later to Egypt. When an-Nasir refused to go back to Egypt, Baibars installed himself as the Sultan of Egypt with Salar as his vice-Sultan.

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in 1277 (Amitai-Preiss, p. 174). He served as-Salih Ali and later Al-Ashraf Khalil sons of Sultan Qalawun. During the reign of Sultan Lajin he became vice-sultan. He died in prison during the third reign of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammed. After his death his tremendous wealth was revealed.

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The mother of Ali (al-Malik al-Mansur) was Khatun Ordkin al-Ashrafiyah. She was originally the wife of his deceased brother, Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil. Ali died in 1310 during the third reign of an-Nasir and an-Nasir divorced her in 1317. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 171, 177, 458,

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then a vice-Sultan. Though an-Nasir respected him, he imprisoned him. He was present in Al-Ashraf Khalil's army which conquered Acre in 1291 and during the Battle of Marj al-Saffar he was in the right flank of an-Nasir Muhammad's army. He is known for his important books

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al-Nasir Mahammad died after ruling Egypt for 44 years. They were among the greatest periods of the Egyptian nation throughout its long history, so he left Egypt while it was considered one of the strongest and largest countries in the world at the time of his death.

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deputies there. An-Nasir sent letters to Ghazan's deputies asking them to submit to him and they agreed. Kitbugha was granted the post of the governor of Hama and Salar and Baibars travelled with an army to the Levant to liquidate the remaining forces of Ghazan. The

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On July 21, 1341, al-Nasir Muhammad was breathing his last on his bed, and his room was full of leaders of the state who were bidding farewell to the sultan of Egypt. And sitting next to Sultan Mahammad was the closest and most loyal of his men, the Egyptian leader

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and Hama to Damascus. An Egyptian force led by Baibars Al-Jashnakir arrived in Damascus. The population of Damascus wanted to flee but they were warned that they would be killed and their money would be seized if they tried to do that. Ghazan's troops attacked

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Though the economy of Egypt flourished during the third reign of an-Nasir, there were financial problems and a rise in prices caused by the circulation of underweight and alloyed coins. An-Nasir minted a few thousand new coins to replace the spurious coins.

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executed Baibars and accepted the resignation of Salar as vice Sultan and replaced him with Baktmar al-Jukondar. Then after a year, he arrested Salar and he died shortly thereafter in prison. The Mamluks and properties of both Baibars and Salar were seized.

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There are no known emblems during his first reign. While in his second reign, coins had an-Nasir's name inscribed as al-Sultan al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Donya wa al-Din. Also a title of his father Qalawun was inscribed on his coins as al-Malik al-Mansur.

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The objection to the use of the fatwa from Qutuz' reign was based on the fact that the Emirs of Qutuz had donated part of their properties and wealth before issuing the Fatwa which obliged ordinary Egyptians to pay a Dinar each. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p.

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After a short while, the Sultan's room became quiet until the doctor approached him and learned that the Sultan had passed away. He told those in the room that the Sultan of Egypt, al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun, had died at the age of 58 years.

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A few prominent figures from Damascus, among them the supreme judge (Qadi al-Qudah) Badr ad-Din Muhammed, went to Ghazan and pleaded for the lives of the remaining population of Damascus. Ghazan agreed to spare them. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2,

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The sultan who possibly commissioned the manuscript and who may be the one depicted on the dedicatory title page is An-Nasir Muhammad b. Qala'un, who was in power for the third time from 709 AH / 1309-10 AD to 741 AH / 1340-41

621:. An-Nasir Muhammad was raised and behaved in Mongol fashion until the age of 29, until he had a change of mood after an illness in 1315, which led him and his followers to "shave their heads and give up their flowing locks". 1203:

Under an-Nasir the position of Egypt as a political power grew. Foreign delegations and kings' envoys with gifts visited Cairo frequently seeking the help and the friendship of an-Nasir. Among these visits were envoys from

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During the third reign of an-Nasir Muhammad, Egypt did not witness any major external threats as both the Crusaders and the Mongols had been weakened by losses in battle and their internal conflicts. However, Mongol ruler

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wrote a letter to al-Nasir Muhammad in 1325 which threatened to divert the waters of the Nile River upstream if these actions did not stop. Al-Nasir Muhammad treated the emperor's envoys with contempt and dismissed them.

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During his stay in al-Karak, an-Nasir corresponded with the deputies in the Levant and the Egyptian Emirs whom he trusted and explained to them why he left Egypt and he could have their support. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p.

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Tatar al-Hijaziyyah (d. 4 October 1399, buried in her mausoleum which was built by her in 1360) — m. Sayf al-din Tughaytamur al-Umari al-Nasiri on 5 June 1328, m. Maliktamur al-Hijazi in 1333, m. Tankizbugha in 1347

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and dropping excise duties, i.e. dropping taxes. Sultan al-Nasir Mahammad died leaving an urban renaissance. A mighty feat represented in his construction of 89 mosques (jamie), 73 schools, 33 mosques (masjid), 25

718:, 1334, probably Egypt. "In the paintings the facial cast of these Turks is obviously reflected, and so are the special fashions and accoutrements they favored". Possibly depicting Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad. 1754:

Egyptian people had a strange relationship that made the Egyptian people revolt many times in order to support him at the beginning of his reign when he was young when he was controlled by senior emirs.

726:. Lajin ruled as a sultan until he was murdered with his vice-sultan Mangu-Temur in 1299 by a group of Emirs led by Saif al-Din Kirji. After the murder of Lajin and his vice-Sultan, the Emirs, including 2444:

The Mamluks also had Mahkamat al-Mazalim (Court of Complaint) which was a court that heard cases of complaints of people against state officials and Emirs. This court was headed by the sultan himself.

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Rukn ad-Din Baibars al-khati'i al-Dewadar. An Egyptian Mamluk emir and a historian who was born and died in Egypt at the age of 80 years. He was a mamluk of Sultan Qalawun who made him his deputy in

1408:. She was apparently the mother of three of his sons, including, al-Malik al-Mansur Ali and al-Malik al-Muzaffar. In 1320, she left the Citadel to live in a residence named after her, Dar Khawand in 972:. The Caliph who stood beside the sultan at the heart of the army exclaimed to the soldiers: "Warriors, do not worry about your Sultan but worry about your women and the religion of your Prophet." 1483:

Narjis — Later, al-Nasir married her to Tuquzdamur al-Hamawi. After the latter's death in 1345, she was married to Arghun al-Isma'ili. She was buried in her own mausoleum in the City of the Dead.

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in 1341, al-Nasir Mahammad felt extremely ill and in great pain, but he forced himself to go to prayer, as he did not like to miss any of the prayers, especially prayers such as the Eid prayer.

3726: 5039: 1368:("The Sultan King triumphant in temporal world and in faith, the one who shares with the Emir of faithfuls" (the Caliph)). Unique beseeching phrases that were inscribed on his coins were: 822:. An-Nasir's army was defeated with relatively low casualties (200 to 1000 men) after inflicting major casualties on Ghazan's army (about 2500 casualties). An-Nasir's forces retreated to 1880:

Qal'at al-Jabal (Citadel of the Mountain), the abode and court of the sultan in Cairo. It stood on the Muqatam mountain where the Mosque of Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali stands now.

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villages and took women and children as prisoners but the Sultan's forces led by his Emirs clashed with the Mongols and freed about 6000 Turkmen after they destroyed the Mongol force.

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In 1304 Sis was raided again by an-Nasir's Emirs and a group of Mongols led by a prominent commander named Badr ad-Din Albaba were brought to Egypt and welcomed by an-Nasir in Cairo.

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al-Mustakfi Billah (Solayman ben Ahmad ben Ali) succeeded his father al-Hakim Bi'amr-Ellah in 1302 and stayed a Caliph for 39 years (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 346). After the sack of

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who rose through the ranks in the Egyptian army until he became the closest and most loyal man to Sultan Mahammad, who entrusted his secrets, soul, and souls of his family to him.

1263:. Extraordinary public works were set in motion. He redug once again the canal connecting Alexandria with the Nile: it was opened to traffic in 1311 and required workforces on a 3719: 569:. Not wanting to be dominated or deprived of his full rights as a sultan by his third reign, an-Nasir executed Baibars and accepted the resignation of Salar as vice Sultan. 811:

made Salar and Baibars think the Sultan was involved in the conspiracy. The Oirats were arrested and punished and the mamluks who were involved were sent to the castle of

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In addition to Mongol threats in the Levant, the second reign of an-Nasir also witnessed disturbances inside Egypt. There were religious riots in Cairo and rebellions in

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arrested immediately after the Sultan's death, and at their head was the Sultan's closest man, Commander Ibrahim bin Shaddad, but he would be released two months later.

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On 20 April, an-Nasir and the Caliph arrived in Syria from Egypt and while the Emirs were greeting them, news reached them that a Mongol army of 50,000 soldiers led by

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al-Midan al-Nasiri (Nasiri Square) was used for horse racing. It was situated in the present-day district of Garden City. An-Nasir was known to be very fond of horses.

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Reuven Amitai-Preiss, Mamluks and Mongols: an overview, Chapter 10 of his Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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He had numerous emblems , apart from them were an eagle, flower, lily, Bundel (symbol of the Jomdar who was an official of the department at the Sultan's clothing).

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was crushed and the army "slew mercilessly every Bedouin in the land and carried off their women captive". The army was led by the Emirs Salar and Baibars.

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Ardu — a Tatar woman, After al-Nasir's death, she was married to Aqsunqur al-Nasiri, in 1343, at the latter's request and finally to al-Kamil Sha'ban.

5049: 667:. As an-Nasir Muhammad was only 9 years old, he was a sultan in name only. Kitbugha and Sanjar al-Shuja‘i were the actual rulers of Egypt. The two 1314:. His own Madrasa on al-Muizz Street which stands until today was decorated with a Gothic arch brought in triumph from the ruined cathedral of 5201: 3662: 3071: 3046: 2927: 2715: 2565: 2027: 2000: 1904: 1856: 5221: 5216: 2733:

From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.)

980:(Victory Gate) to Qal'at al-Jabal The prominent Egyptian Mamluk historian Baibars al-Dewadar was present at the battle of Marj al-Saffar. 4090: 3461:

History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D. by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954

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In 1296 Kitbugha was deposed by his vice-Sultan Lajin and he fled to Syria and died in 1297 while holding the post of the governor of

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The army of an-Nasir (about 20,000 soldiers) clashed with Ghazan's army (about 12,000 soldiers) in a battle that became known as the

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was attacked by an-Nasir's forces led by his Emirs as the Armenians tried to support Ghazan. In 1302 the crusader-held island of

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By 1309 An-Nasir was no longer willing to be dominated by Salar and Baibars al-Jashnakir. He informed them that he was going to

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describes the scene of the pouring of wine on that day and says: “And the drink was spilled so that if it were poured into the

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In 1299 an-Nasir led the Egyptian Army to Syria to take on the army of Ghazan. While the Sultan was on his way to Syria, some

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Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.

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In his third reign, an-Nasir had on his coins the following remarkable titles which are unique in Mamluk's history:

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An-Nasir Muhammad's long reign marked the apogee of Mamluk power and the high-water mark of culture in Egypt since

1164:, it would flood Baghdad.” Prayers were made and the name of al-Nasir Muhammad was mentioned on the city's mosques 96: 4883: 2078:

Ostadar ( أستادار ), supervisor of the royal kitchen and everything connected to the food and drink of the Sultan.

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van Donzel, E. (2000). "Badr al-Jamālī, the Copts in Egypt and the Muslims in Ethiopia". In Netton, Ian (ed.).

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His reign can be separated mainly by three phases, as he was deposed once and abdicated once during his reign.

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confronted them, killed them, and sent their prisoners to Cairo, but matters did not develop into major wars.

78: 1434:. She did not bear any children and was successively married off, by al-Nasir himself, to three of his amirs. 923:

was attacked and ransacked because the crusaders had been using it as a base for attacks on Muslim shipping.

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name of Sultan an-Nasir was mentioned again at the Syrian mosques. He was again the sovereign of the Levant.

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with his people, and he asked the preacher for permission to hasten the sermon because he felt very unwell.

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between 1293–1294, 1299–1309, and 1310 until his death in 1341. During his first reign he was dominated by

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Mahdi, Dr. Shafik, Mamalik Misr wa Alsham ( Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant), Aldar Alarabiya, Beirut 2008

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Aisha al-Qurdumiyya — m. Qurdum al-Nasiri al-Hamawi. Died in a great state of poverty on 11 February 1396.

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in the Southern Cemetery, City of the Dead.) — a Tatar woman. After her death Ardu adopted her son Hasan.

1291: 1061:, basin from the reign of An-Nasir Muhammad, which from the 17th century was used as a baptismal font for 659: 174: 1726:

that this will be exploited by the rebellious princes later to kill some of his sons and grandchildren).

1157: 5029: 4749: 4713: 4695: 4635: 4557: 4527: 4485: 4270: 4216: 2617: 1179: 3942: 1072: 968:, the deputy of Ghazan, was approaching. An-Nasir and the Emirs decided to fight the Mongol forces at 5231: 5226: 5034: 4968: 4743: 4641: 4593: 4539: 4288: 4198: 4192: 3869: 3639: 2491: 2487: 2017: 1990: 1768: 1629: 1574: 1540: 1524: 1404:) — the daughter of Sayf ad-Din Nogay ibn Bayan, a Mongol emir, and the widow of his brother Sultan 1324:, a fountain for the use of all, especially welcome to the poor who might not have access to a well. 1311: 385: 294: 1400:

Khawand Ardukin (divorced 1317, d. 21 January 1324, buried Turbat al-Sitt in the Southern Cemetery,

4731: 4653: 4623: 4432: 4390: 4372: 4318: 4252: 4076: 4032: 3833: 1731: 1587: 1565: 1209: 1142: 958: 952:

In 1303 Ghazan's army crossed the Euphrates River and marched towards Syria. The Syrians fled from

828: 738:

as Ostadar. An-Nasir was, again, a nominal Sultan, with the actual rulers being Salar and Baibars.

395: 4791: 4773: 4038: 4008: 3978: 3809: 2515: 2065: 1718: 1486: 977: 4587: 4414: 3446:

Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895

3393: 3380:

Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab,Cairo 1996,

2800: 573:

al-Waziri, a man who was known to be tough on corruption, as the head of the Court of Justice.

103: 5121: 4980: 4908: 4180: 3954: 3948: 3839: 3472: 3435: 3381: 3340: 3112: 3106: 3067: 3042: 3041:. American University in Cairo Press Series. Amercain University in Cairo Prees. p. 101. 2923: 2874: 2736: 2711: 2658: 2561: 2098: 2023: 1996: 1962: 1956: 1900: 1894: 1852: 1601: 1554: 1455:

Qutlughmalik (m. 1334) — Tankiz al-Husami's daughter, and Ahmad ibn Baktamur al-Saqi's widow.

1118: 1062: 1037: 868: 773: 731: 643:

After the assassination of al-Ashraf Khalil in December 1293, he was installed as sultan with

566: 403: 369: 261: 1499:

Bayad (b. 12 March 1385, d. 1330-31) — She was a singer, had been a slave of Bahadur As, the

5171: 5024: 4914: 4420: 4366: 4354: 4129: 4068: 3990: 3779: 3767: 3574: 3566: 3550: 3425: 2922:. Gender, Culture, and Politics in the Middle East. Syracuse University Press. p. 322. 1763: 1405: 1320: 1183: 1001: 644: 586: 554: 214: 204: 194: 3468: 1444:, his governor in Syria. She had a brother named Amir Aqbugha. She was his favourite wife. 1004:

had brought to Egypt in 1291 after reconquering Acre. In 1304 an-Nasir's son Ali was born.

4985: 4962: 4396: 4378: 3815: 3749: 3257: 3232: 3207: 3157: 3132: 1820: 1516: 1430:

Tulunbay or Dulanbiya (m. 12 May 1320, divorced 1328, d. 8 September 1340) — the niece of

1303: 1041: 880: 838:

al-Sultan al-Azam Sultan al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Muzaffar al-Dunya wa al-Din Mahmud Ghazan

614: 516: 504: 2342:(about the Mamluk Sultans from 647 to 721 AH (1250–1322 CE)). (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p.356) 1801: 1318:

by his brother Khalil. He also added to his father's complex of structures Cairo's first

2236: 5083: 5019: 4767: 4737: 4575: 4503: 4450: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3881: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3182: 1530: 1458: 1437: 1431: 1213: 1205: 1044: 969: 683: 676: 629: 625: 602: 524: 418: 413: 341: 166: 831:, submitted to the Mongol commander Qubjuq and Ghazan's name was mentioned during the 5165: 5078: 4902: 4813: 4785: 4779: 4725: 4683: 4258: 4234: 3892: 3735: 3702: 3513: 1749:

Wailing and crying spread throughout the room, and the judges started throwing their

1272: 1264: 832: 594: 546: 464: 3394:"The Sons of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad and the Politics of Puppets: Where Did It All Start?" 1925: 1677:

A son (by Shaykhu) b. 18 June 1355; d. 25 June 1355) - She was blinded in his birth.

4837: 4808: 4599: 4312: 4264: 4210: 4174: 4119: 4056: 3499:

A Turning Point in Mamluk History, The Third Reign of al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun

1660:

Another daughter — m. Abi Bakr, son of Arghun al-Nasiri al-Na'ib on 16 August 1322.

1591: 1307: 1187: 965: 916: 4862: 4831: 4099: 1685:

Two daughters — m. Muhammad and Ahmad, sons of Tankiz al-Husami on 5 January 1339.

1173:

In February 1321, there was a serious disturbance between the Egyptian Muslim and

1040:. This manuscript was copied by Shadhi ibn Muhammad ibn Ayyub, great-grandson of 4974: 4665: 4533: 4465: 4455: 4300: 4044: 3362: 2505: 2278: 1707: 1700: 1595: 1586:

Unnamed woman — was later married to Lajin al-Ala'i. He was compelled by Sultan

1409: 1315: 1310:, and renovated more than thirty mosques, which added to Cairo's rich fabric of 1133:, the deputy of an-Nasir in the Levant. An-Nasir's forces launched raids on the 997: 908: 750: 735: 632:, who started as his slave but was freed by him. She gave birth to Prince Anuk. 492: 45: 17: 761: 613:

notable named Šaktāy. Qalawun received the news of an-Nasir's birth during his

4856: 4701: 4689: 4617: 4581: 4569: 4563: 4551: 4521: 4479: 4473: 4324: 4276: 4228: 4222: 4014: 3797: 3622: 3612: 3600: 3458:, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968 3455: 3430: 3413: 3371: 1780: 1283: 1260: 1174: 1012: 876: 727: 562: 284: 257: 247: 3439: 2662: 1581:

Another daughter (d. 1 March 1343) — m. before 1340 to Bahadur al-Damurdashi.

1267:

scale. Some of his major works in Cairo were the huge square that was called

734:, who was an Oirat Mongol as vice-Sultan and Baibars al-Jashnakir who was a 5103: 4926: 4803: 4755: 4707: 4647: 4611: 4491: 4360: 4348: 4330: 4294: 4240: 4204: 4186: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2286: 1919: 1849:

The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution

1713:

After al-Nasir Mahammad prayed the Eid prayer, he went to the Royal Palace (

1336:

Brass bowl, inlaid with silver decorations, dedicated to al-Nasir Muhammad,

1217: 1153: 993: 927: 788: 2044:"Al-Hariri, Maqamat ('Assemblies') - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum" 1590:, during his reign, to divorce her. She was buried in her mausoleum on the 1468:

Khawand Zadu — the sister of Sitt Tuluqartaqa, wife of Yalbugha al-Yahyawi.

1033: 872: 3647: 2657:(v. 1). Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University: 158. 1994. 2494:, vol. 2, p. 118. Published in 1982 by Egyptian General Book Organization. 29:

This article is about the Mamluk sultan. For the Zaidi imam of Yemen, see

4932: 4823: 3755: 3449: 2326: 1930: 1389: 1121:

but withdrew due to deadly summer heat in 1312–1313. In 1314 the city of

1016: 989: 812: 699: 687: 606: 3407:(1). Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago: 53–81. 2064:

Saif ad-Din Sular was an Oirat Mongol. He was taken prisoner during the

1570:

Zahra — m. Aqsunqur al-Nasir in 1347; m. Sayf al-Din Taz on 3 June 1351

4920: 4848: 4160: 4020: 3966: 3761: 3743: 3108:

The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 151

2282: 2274: 2267: 1772: 1668: 1295: 1149: 1122: 1115: 934:

and probably in that year allowed two of them to stay closed in at the

931: 746: 598: 582: 474: 459: 449: 5098: 5093: 4990: 3912: 3900: 2519: 2270: 1750: 1735: 1667:

on 26 April 1327. The marriage was consummated on 3 October 1327; m.

1664: 1605: 1472: 1441: 1249: 1245: 1225: 1221: 1166: 1161: 1138: 1130: 1066: 953: 807: 796: 792: 784: 672: 664: 618: 610: 2298:

Many women accompanied an-Nasir's army. (Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 357)

1271:

He also carried out significant constructions and expansions in the

1657:

Another daughter (d. 10 October 1399) — m. Tankizbugha al-Maridani.

1365:

al-Sultan al-Malik Nasir al-Donya wa al-Din Qasim Amir al-Mu'amimin

1356:(The Sultan King an-Nasir triumphant in faith and temporal world), 5088: 4944: 3785: 3708: 3696: 3584: 3414:"Memlûk Sarayında Tek Eşlilik ve Çok Eşlilik Üzerine Bir İnceleme" 1776: 1413: 1331: 1278: 1235: 1071: 1053: 1027: 1008: 920: 900: 895: 891: 800: 760: 709: 695: 682: 590: 550: 408: 310: 237: 3452:, Badai Alzuhur Fi Wakayi Alduhur, Almisriya Lilkitab, Cairo 2007 1419:

Al-Malik al-Mansur Ala al-Din Ali (b. 1303/4, d. 4 December 1310)

823: 723: 668: 440:

Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Abu'l Ma'ali Muhammad ibn Qalawun

162: 4072: 3651: 3064:

Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and Its Culture

1093: 1076:

Qur'an Box commissioned by An-Nasir Muhammad. Cairo, c. 1330.

39: 3374:, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997. 3085: 3083: 654:عَلَمُ الدِّينِ سَنْجَرُ الشُّجَاعِيُّ المَنْصُورِيُّ‎ 1758:(Turkey) in the north to the south of Sudan in the south. 890:

collected from all over Egypt. An attempt to reuse an old

3424:(43). The Journal of International Social Research: 556. 3339:. Al Rawaq for Publishing and Distribution. p. 106. 2920:

Beyond the Exotic: Women's Histories in Islamic Societies

1706:

He went with the senior men of the sultanate to pray the

1380:("May God makes his kingdom and his Sultanate eternal"). 1148:

In 1321, soldiers belonging to Egypt entered the city of

742:

Emirs led by Salar and al-Ashrafiyy led by Emir Barlghi.

2616:

The Iwan was situated on the ground which the Mosque of

2506:صورة السلطان الناصر محمد بن قلاوون في أدب العصر المملوكي 1523:

Kuda (d. 1341, was buried in her own mausoleum known as

3208:"ʿĀʾisha al-Qurdumiyya bint al-Malik al-Nāṣir Muḥammad" 2984: 2982: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2674: 2672: 2557:

Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Volume I

1896:

Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras

1228:

envoys and their King and ordered them to leave Egypt.

5074:

2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny

3471:(History of Islamic Egypt), dar al-Maref, Cairo 1266, 3039:

Architecture for the Dead: Cairo's Medieval Necropolis

795:

with a big army and about 30 Crusade ships arrived in

1447:

Sayf al-Din Anuk (b. 8 April 1323, d. 31 August 1340)

714:

Mamluk court scene at the time of Al-Nasir Muhammad.

532: 2148:

About fifty Oirats were hanged. (Al-Maqrizi, p. 318)

1929:, vol. 5, p. 76. First edition. Scientific Press in 1503:. She was later married to Maliktamur al-Sarjuwani. 1353:

al-Sultan al-Malik al-Nasir Nasir al-Din wa al-Donia

561:, while during his second reign he was dominated by 5062: 5003: 4891: 4847: 4822: 4464: 4159: 4140: 3891: 3734: 3689: 2871:

Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture

2710:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 128. 1422:

Al-Malik al-Muzaffar (b. 28 November 1304, d. 1310)

501:

Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun

488: 480: 470: 458: 448: 434: 368: 328: 320: 304: 300: 290: 280: 272: 267: 253: 243: 233: 225: 220: 210: 200: 190: 182: 173: 147: 2103:. London: George Routledge & Sons. p. 29. 1547:A daughter (d. 1341) — m. Tankizbugha al-Maridani. 1393:his grandsons were enthroned as sultans of Egypt. 1623:Jamal al-Din Ibrahim (before 1320 - 14 June 1338) 799:. The emirs decided to send forces from Egypt to 2864: 2862: 2701: 2699: 2339:al-Tuhfah al-Mamlukiyah fi al-Dawlah al-Turkiyah 2100:Sons of Ishmael: A Study of the Egyptian Bedouin 1626:al-Amjad Husayn (before 1334 - 21 January 1363) 1450:A daughter — m. 22 June 1331 to Baktamur al-Saqi 1199:Relationship of the Egypt with the outside world 911:which were harshly suppressed. In 1301 parts of 768:. Miniature from the 14th century manuscript of 3111:. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. p. 122. 2708:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide 2655:Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review Hmeir 1152:, which was at that time under the rule of the 581:An-Nasir Muhammad was the third son of Sultan 4084: 3663: 2653:"Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review". 1182:in Egypt and the demolition of churches, the 663:ʿAlam ad-Dīn Sanǧar aš-Šuǧāʿī al-Manṣūrī) as 609:, and his mother Ašlūn was the daughter of a 8: 3258:"Daughter 2 bint al-Malik al-Nāṣir Muḥammad" 2337: 2331: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1351: 894:which was issued during the reign of Sultan 836: 652: 3305:. Arab Heritage Revival House. p. 257. 1893:Vermeulen, Urbain; Smet, Daniel De (1995). 1690:Another daughter — m. Tuquzdamur al-Hamawi. 5066: 5007: 4895: 4156: 4091: 4077: 4069: 3670: 3656: 3648: 3504: 3467:Shayyal, Jamal, Prof. of Islamic history, 3158:"Wife 1 zawjat al-Malik al-Nāsir Muḥammad" 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 827:city. Damascus, with the exception of its 155: 144: 5050:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil 3486:The Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D. 1325-1354 3429: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 1224:Coast. An-Nasir reacted by insulting the 745:Early in the second reign of an-Nasir, a 702:thus ending the first reign of an-Nasir. 649:‘Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Shuja‘i al-Mansuri 130:Learn how and when to remove this message 3418:Journal of International Social Research 2488:ذكرة التنبيه في أيام الملك المنصور وبنيه 2022:. New York : Rizzoli. p. 162. 1995:. New York : Rizzoli. p. 148. 770:Fleur des histoires de la terre d'Orient 324:21 Dhū al-Ḥijja 741/7 June 1341 (age 56) 3100: 3098: 1812: 1374:("May his victories be glorified") and 647:as the regent and vice-sultan and Emir 3089: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2905: 2893: 2853: 2824: 2755: 2678: 2233:"3 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 1491:Ramadan (b. 1320, d. 27 February 1343) 597:(Citadel of the Mountain). His father 509:الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون 431: 66:Please improve this article by adding 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 2836: 2735:. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 117. 2690: 2416:See above note on Baibars al-Dewadar. 2277:and the murder of the Abbasid Caliph 1654:Fatima — had a son named Abd al-Rabb. 690:, place of exile of An-Nasir Muhammad 7: 3412:Akkuş Yiğit, Fatma (20 April 2016). 3066:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 214. 2580:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 205–206, 253 2333:Zobdat al-Fikrah Fi Tarikh al-Hijrah 2120:. Smith, Elder & Co. p. 57. 1888: 1886: 1832: 1830: 533: 3562:December 1293 – December 1295 1899:. Peeters Publishers. p. 314. 835:at the main mosque of Damascus as: 675:origin, and al-Shuja‘i, who was of 653: 520: 508: 33:. For the Burji Mamluk sultan, see 2473:al-Suluk li Marifah Dulal al-Muluk 1137:, and in 1316, the Mongols raided 25: 3037:Kadi, G. E.; Bonnamy, A. (2007). 2869:Gülru Necipoğlu (1 August 1994). 1539:A daughter (by Tankizbugha) — m. 1338:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art 4882: 4125: 4124: 4113: 4101:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology 3798:Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir 3725: 3718: 3492:Great Cairo: Mother of the World 3301:al-Safadi, Salah al-Din (2000). 2453:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 488, 504 1220:and surrounding areas along the 1109:Internal and external situations 992:Al-Nasiryah had the gate of the 857: 848: 778:Bibliothèque nationale de France 541:(1285–1341) was the ninth 44: 3367:The Concise History of Humanity 3335:Fikry, Walid (4 January 2024). 2389:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 421–423 2307:al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 356–357 2281:by the Mongols in 1258, Sultan 2204:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 335–347 2176:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 326–327 2130:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp. 312–313 1821:"al-Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn Qalāwūn" 1388:The prominent Mamluk historian 1377:khalad Allah Mulkoh wa Sultanoh 1242:Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad Mosque 1049:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum 948:Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303) 926:In 1308 an-Nasir permitted the 757:The Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar 4762:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad 3828:Imad al-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il 2316:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, pp.359–360 2222:Al-Maqrizi,vol. 2, pp.348, 354 2016:Ettinghausen, Richard (1977). 1989:Ettinghausen, Richard (1977). 1851:. Profile Books. p. 208. 1682:Another daughter — m. Qumari. 1494:Jamal al-Din Yusuf (1320-1346) 31:An-Nasir Muhammad (Zaidi imam) 1: 4439:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi 2544:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 3, pp. 38–42 2503:Manal Ahmad Abu Bakr (2012), 1471:Another wife — the sister of 1078:Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin 1032:Opening double-page from the 308:16 Muḥarram 684/24 March 1285 186:December 1293 – December 1294 68:secondary or tertiary sources 35:An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaitbay 5202:Monarchs deposed as children 4606:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 4427:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur 4259:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari 3596:16 January 1299 – March 1309 3105:Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). 2801:"The Qalawunids: A Pedigree" 2638:Mahdi, pp. 98, 106 & 112 2512:An-Najah National University 1362:(The Greatest Sultan King), 942:The Battle of Marj al-Saffar 936:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 791:was preparing to attack the 624:An-Nasir Muhammad married a 229:16 January 1299 – March 1309 5222:13th-century Mamluk sultans 5217:14th-century Mamluk sultans 4409:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi 3634:5 March 1310 – 7 June 1341 2338: 2332: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1141:with a small army, but the 1135:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 984:Achievements and withdrawal 837: 820:Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar 766:Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar 5253: 5118:Ash'ari-related templates 4975:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi 4957:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi 4307:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 3973:Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf 2598:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 3, p. 129 2589:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 3, p. 100 2407:Al-Maqrizi, vol..2, p. 469 2398:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 464 2361:Ibn Taghri, vol. 8, p. 170 2257:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 355 2213:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 348 2114:Muir, Sir William (1896). 2087:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p. 313 1847:Fukuyama, Francis (2011). 1359:al-Sultan al-Malik al-Azam 1119:besieged Mamluk fortresses 945: 585:and the brother of Sultan 276:5 March 1310 – 7 June 1341 28: 5116: 5069: 5010: 4898: 4880: 4445:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki 4403:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 4283:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi 4169:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 4108: 3716: 3636: 3630:Sultan of Egypt and Syria 3627: 3619: 3609: 3592:Sultan of Egypt and Syria 3589: 3581: 3571: 3558:Sultan of Egypt and Syria 3555: 3547: 3542: 3507: 3431:10.17719/jisr.20164317631 3392:Bauden, Frédéric (2009). 2629:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 3, p.317 2195:Al-Maqrizi, vol. 2, p.331 2069:-(Al-Maqrizi,p.464/vol.2) 1573:A daughter (by Taz) — m. 1292:Citadel's aqueduct system 1059:Baptistère de Saint Louis 1015:but, instead, he went to 875:commissioned by the emir 439: 430: 161:Al-Nasir Muhammad copper 154: 5045:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad 5015:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari 4630:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri 3961:Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad 3469:Tarikh Misr al-Islamiyah 2731:Northrup, Linda (1998). 2048:islamicart.museumwnf.org 1961:. Longman. p. 103. 1425:a son (b. 1301, d. 1310) 1294:. In addition, he built 1210:King Philip VI of France 1047:. Cairo, December 1313. 783:News reached Cairo that 5197:Medieval child monarchs 5192:Muslims of the Crusades 4915:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali 4660:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani 4546:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani 4498:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini 4343:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani 4247:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 2918:Sonbol, A.E.A. (2005). 2806:. University of Chicago 2462:Ibn Iyas, vol. 1, p.446 2370:Shayyal, vol. 2, p. 183 2157:Al-Maqrizi, pp. 319–320 1958:Women in Muslim History 1871:Al-Maqrizi, p.189/vol.2 1797:List of rulers of Egypt 1100:Crackdown on corruption 671:, Kitbugha, who was of 4869:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi 4780:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi 4720:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 4678:Nur al-Din al-Haythami 4516:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani 4510:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 4337:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti 4271:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari 4003:Sayf al-Din Khushqadam 3925:Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz 3303:الوافي بالوفيات vol. 4 2560:. Brill. p. 306. 2139:Al-Maqrizi, pp.317–318 2097:Murray, G. W. (1935). 1955:Waddy, Charis (1980). 1663:Another daughter — m. 1553:the Citadel by Sultan 1340: 1282:(Striped Palace), the 1253: 1080: 1069: 1051: 780: 719: 691: 55:relies excessively on 5207:14th-century Kipchaks 5030:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 4969:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam 4750:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini 4714:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi 4696:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 4672:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi 4636:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi 4558:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 4528:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 4486:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri 4217:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 3864:Salah al-Din Muhammad 3804:Nasir al-Din Muhammad 3792:Nasir al-Din Muhammad 3774:Nasir al-Din Muhammad 3401:Mamluk Studies Review 3062:Abouseif, D. (2007). 2873:. BRILL. p. 61. 2706:Williams, C. (2008). 2510:, Master’s thesis at 2484:Ibn Habib al-Halabi, 2285:installed an Abbasid 1463:A daughter (b. 1339). 1335: 1239: 1075: 1057: 1031: 764: 713: 686: 511:), commonly known as 5035:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 4951:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun 4744:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 4642:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 4594:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 4540:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi 4289:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi 4199:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi 4193:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 4150:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari 4045:Sayf al-Din Tumanbay 4021:Sayf al-Din Qa'itbay 3810:Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr 3780:Zayn al-Din Kitbugha 3756:Badr al-Din Salamish 3750:Nasir al-Din Barakah 3640:Saif ad-Din Abu-Bakr 3623:Baibars al-Jashnakir 3613:Baibars al-Jashnakir 3601:Baibars al-Jashnakir 3519:Cadet branch of the 2283:Baibars al-Buduqdari 1525:Sultaniyya Mausoleum 1396:Wives and children: 1312:Islamic architecture 1300:his funerary madrasa 877:Baibars al-Jashnakir 728:Baibars al-Jashnakir 716:Maqamat of al-Hariri 645:Zayn-ad-Din Kitbugha 617:on the coast of the 295:Saif ad-Din Abu-Bakr 4792:'Abdallah al-Harari 4732:Zakariyya al-Ansari 4654:Taj al-Din al-Subki 4433:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud 4373:Muhammad al-Zurqani 4319:Ahmad al-Wansharisi 3997:Shihab al-Din Ahmad 3985:Fakhr al-Din Uthman 3967:Sayf al-Din Barsbay 3870:Zayn al-Din Sha'ban 3834:Sayf al-Din Sha'ban 3822:Shihab al-Din Ahmad 3768:Salah al-Din Khalil 3762:Sayf al-Din Qalawun 3744:Rukn al-Din Baybars 3092:, p. 63 n. 40. 3027:, p. 63 n. 44. 3015:, p. 63 n. 43. 3003:, p. 63 n. 42. 2976:, p. 63 n. 41. 2908:, p. 62 n. 25. 2827:, p. 62 n. 32. 2758:, p. 64 n. 48. 2535:, vol. 2, pp. 36–45 1943:Famous Muslim Women 1732:Ibrahim ibn Shaddad 1608:on 15 January 1347 1604:— m. a daughter of 1269:al-Midan al-Nasiri. 1158:Ibn Habib al-Halabi 696:Hussam ad-Din Lajin 484:Ashlūn bint Shaktāy 79:"Al-Nasir Muhammad" 5182:Royalty from Cairo 4927:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub 4774:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 4039:Al-Ashraf Janbalat 4009:Sayf al-Din Bilbay 3979:Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq 3943:Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh 3937:Al-Musta'in Billah 3931:Nasir al-Din Faraj 3919:Nasir al-Din Faraj 3913:Sayf al-Din Barquq 3901:Sayf al-Din Barquq 3882:Salah al-Din Hajji 3852:Salah al-Din Salih 3816:Ala'a al-Din Kujuk 3786:Husam al-Din Lajin 3509:Al-Nasir Muhammad 3496:Levanoni, Amalia. 3490:Stewart, Desmond, 2799:Bauden, Frédéric. 2239:on 23 October 2012 2066:Battle of Elbistan 1945:, EternalEgypt.org 1926:العصر وأعوان النصر 1719:al-Mansur Abu Bakr 1674:Khalil (by Qawsun) 1612:Al-Mansur Muhammad 1487:Al-Mansur Abu Bakr 1341: 1254: 1081: 1070: 1052: 879:in 1304. From the 781: 720: 692: 148:Al-Nasir Muhammad 5237:Qalawunid dynasty 5159: 5158: 5112: 5111: 5058: 5057: 4999: 4998: 4909:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 4878: 4877: 4385:M'Hamed al-Azhari 4349:Ibrahim al-Laqani 4181:Abu Imran al-Fasi 4066: 4065: 4027:An-Nasir Muhammad 3955:Sayf al-Din Tatar 3949:Al-Muzaffar Ahmad 3858:Badr al-Din Hasan 3846:Badr al-Din Hasan 3840:Sayf al-Din Hajji 3709:Sayf al-Din Qutuz 3646: 3645: 3637:Succeeded by 3610:Succeeded by 3606:Seif ad-Din Salar 3572:Succeeded by 3073:978-1-84511-549-4 3048:978-977-416-074-5 2929:978-0-8156-3055-5 2717:978-977-416-205-3 2567:978-90-04-49195-3 2475:, vol. 2, p. 516. 2336:(11 volumes) and 2029:978-0-8478-0081-0 2002:978-0-8478-0081-0 1906:978-90-6831-683-4 1858:978-1-84765-281-2 1630:Al-Ashraf Sha'ban 1602:al-Muzzafar Hajji 1575:Al-Ashraf Sha'ban 1555:Al-Muzaffar Hajji 1541:Al-Ashraf Sha'ban 1328:Emblems and coins 1288:new Friday mosque 1038:An-Nasir Muhammad 774:Hayton of Corycus 732:Sayf al-Din Salar 662: 589:. He was born in 513:an-Nasir Muhammad 498: 497: 444: 443: 262:Sayf al-Din Salar 140: 139: 132: 114: 16:(Redirected from 5244: 5151: 5150:Islamic theology 5144: 5137: 5130: 5124: 5067: 5025:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 5008: 4896: 4886: 4624:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 4421:Ahmad al-Ghumari 4391:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 4367:Al-Hasan al-Yusi 4355:Muhammad Mayyara 4253:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 4157: 4152: 4144: 4143:Ash'ari scholars 4132: 4128: 4127: 4120:Islam portal 4118: 4117: 4116: 4102: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4070: 4051:Qansuh al-Ghawri 4033:Abu Sa'id Qansuh 3991:Sayf al-Din Inal 3876:Ala'a al-Din Ali 3729: 3722: 3697:Izz al-Din Aybak 3672: 3665: 3658: 3649: 3620:Preceded by 3582:Preceded by 3575:Al-Adil Kitbugha 3567:Al-Adil Kitbugha 3551:Al-Ashraf Khalil 3548:Preceded by 3538: 3531: 3522:Mamluk Sultanate 3505: 3443: 3433: 3408: 3398: 3351: 3350: 3332: 3307: 3306: 3298: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3102: 3093: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2934: 2933: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2866: 2857: 2851: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2796: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2703: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2650: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2529: 2523: 2501: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2341: 2335: 2323: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2235:. Archived from 2229: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2013: 2007: 2006: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1890: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1824: 1817: 1764:al-Ruk al-Nasiri 1647:Other children: 1606:Tankiz al-Husami 1592:island of Rhoada 1588:Al-Kamil Sha'ban 1566:Al-Kamil Sha'ban 1442:Tankiz al-Husami 1406:Al-Ashraf Khalil 1402:City of the Dead 1379: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1275:, including the 1240:Interior of the 1036:commissioned by 1002:al-Ashraf Khalil 1000:installed which 930:to celebrate on 915:were looted and 913:Armenian Cilicia 861: 852: 840: 658: 656: 655: 587:al-Ashraf Khalil 536: 535: 522: 510: 432: 315:Mamluk Sultanate 195:Al-Ashraf Khalil 159: 145: 135: 128: 124: 121: 115: 113: 72: 48: 40: 21: 18:Al-Nasr Muhammad 5252: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5108: 5054: 4995: 4986:Ayyubid dynasty 4963:Omar al-Mukhtar 4892:Ash'ari leaders 4887: 4874: 4843: 4818: 4588:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 4460: 4415:Muhammad 'Ilish 4397:Ahmad al-Tijani 4379:Ahmad al-Dardir 4148: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4114: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4067: 4062: 3887: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3714: 3685: 3676: 3642: 3633: 3625: 3615: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3587: 3577: 3563: 3561: 3553: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3517: 3510: 3411: 3396: 3391: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3334: 3333: 3310: 3300: 3299: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3081: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2937: 2930: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2881: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2852: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2743: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2670: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2502: 2498: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2242: 2240: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2059: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1793: 1734:, the Egyptian 1697: 1561:As-Salih Ismail 1517:Al-Ashraf Kujuk 1386: 1330: 1304:Bayn al-Qasrayn 1234: 1201: 1111: 1102: 1026: 986: 950: 944: 887: 886: 885: 884: 881:British Library 864: 863: 862: 854: 853: 759: 708: 641: 615:siege of Margat 595:Qal'at al-Jabal 579: 426: 364: 335:Khawand Ardukin 309: 177: 175:Sultan of Egypt 169: 149: 143: 142:Sultan of Egypt 136: 125: 119: 116: 73: 71: 65: 61:primary sources 49: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5212:Mongol Mamluks 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5164: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5020:Asas al-Taqdis 5017: 5011: 5005: 5004:Theology books 5001: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4939:Al-Ashraf Musa 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4853: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4828: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4768:Hasan al-Attar 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4576:Al-Shahrastani 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4470: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4451:Ahmed el-Tayeb 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4223:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4122: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3907:As-Salih Hajji 3904: 3897: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3706: 3703:Nur al-Din Ali 3700: 3693: 3691: 3690:Salihi Mamluks 3687: 3686: 3679:Mamluk sultans 3677: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3570: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3543:Regnal titles 3540: 3539: 3518: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3488: 3484:Gibb, H.A.R., 3482: 3479: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3409: 3389: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3346:978-9775153807 3345: 3308: 3274: 3249: 3224: 3199: 3174: 3149: 3124: 3117: 3094: 3079: 3072: 3054: 3047: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2978: 2966: 2954: 2935: 2928: 2910: 2898: 2886: 2879: 2858: 2841: 2839:, p. 558. 2829: 2817: 2760: 2748: 2741: 2723: 2716: 2695: 2693:, p. 557. 2683: 2668: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2566: 2546: 2537: 2524: 2496: 2477: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2372: 2363: 2354: 2344: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2259: 2250: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2188: 2178: 2169: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2106: 2089: 2080: 2071: 2057: 2035: 2028: 2008: 2001: 1981: 1968:978-0582780842 1967: 1947: 1935: 1912: 1905: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1857: 1839: 1826: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1699:On the day of 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1634:Anuk (d. 1391) 1632: 1624: 1620:Unnamed woman 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1594:, outside the 1584: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1568: 1563: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1533: 1531:An-Nasir Hasan 1521: 1520: 1519: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1507:An-Nasir Ahmad 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1477: 1476: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1459:As-Salih Salih 1453: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1438:Khawand Toghay 1435: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1385: 1382: 1329: 1326: 1233: 1230: 1214:as-Salih Ayyub 1206:Pope John XXII 1200: 1197: 1110: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1045:An-Nasir Dawud 1025: 1022: 985: 982: 970:Marj al-Saffar 946:Main article: 943: 940: 866: 865: 856: 855: 847: 846: 845: 844: 843: 758: 755: 707: 704: 640: 637: 630:Khawand Toghay 605:origin from a 578: 575: 496: 495: 490: 486: 485: 482: 478: 477: 472: 468: 467: 462: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 442: 441: 437: 436: 428: 427: 425: 424: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 374: 372: 366: 365: 363: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 342:Khawand Toghay 339: 336: 332: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 306: 302: 301: 298: 297: 292: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 274: 270: 269: 265: 264: 255: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 171: 170: 167:British Museum 160: 152: 151: 141: 138: 137: 52: 50: 43: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5249: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5187:Bahri sultans 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5177:Sunni Muslims 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5138: 5133: 5131: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:Ahl al-Hadith 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:Al-Muwahhidun 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4903:Nizam al-Mulk 4901: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4885: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4814:Gibril Haddad 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4786:Noah al-Qudah 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4726:Al-Qastallani 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4684:Ibn al-Jazari 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4235:Ibn al-Qattan 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3893:Burji dynasty 3890: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3736:Bahri dynasty 3733: 3728: 3721: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3530:24 March 1285 3529: 3524: 3523: 3516: 3515: 3514:Bahri dynasty 3506: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3477:977-02-5975-6 3474: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3390: 3387: 3386:977-241-175-X 3383: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3342: 3338: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3118:9781317871521 3114: 3110: 3109: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2991:, p. 67. 2990: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2967: 2964:, p. 74. 2963: 2958: 2955: 2952:, p. 63. 2951: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2896:, p. 64. 2895: 2890: 2887: 2882: 2880:90-04-10070-9 2876: 2872: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2856:, p. 62. 2855: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2818: 2802: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2742:9783515068611 2738: 2734: 2727: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2709: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2684: 2681:, p. 61. 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2348: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2019:Arab painting 2012: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1992:Arab painting 1985: 1982: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922:, (1998) pdf 1921: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1840: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783:(hospitals). 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1723:Egyptian army 1720: 1716: 1715:Qasr al-Ablaq 1711: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1410:Hairat Zuwala 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1074: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 983: 981: 979: 973: 971: 967: 962: 960: 955: 949: 941: 939: 937: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 905: 902: 897: 893: 882: 878: 874: 870: 860: 851: 842: 839: 834: 833:Friday prayer 830: 825: 821: 816: 814: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 756: 754: 752: 749:rebellion in 748: 743: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 717: 712: 705: 703: 701: 697: 689: 685: 681: 678: 674: 670: 666: 661: 650: 646: 638: 636: 633: 631: 627: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 607:Kipchak tribe 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 576: 574: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547:Bahri dynasty 544: 543:Mamluk sultan 540: 530: 529:Abu al-Ma'ali 526: 523:), or by his 518: 514: 506: 502: 494: 491: 487: 483: 479: 476: 473: 469: 466: 463: 461: 457: 453: 451: 447: 438: 433: 429: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 376: 375: 373: 371: 367: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 345: 343: 340: 337: 334: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 316: 312: 307: 303: 299: 296: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 263: 259: 256: 252: 249: 246: 242: 239: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 216: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 178:(First reign) 176: 172: 168: 165:, 1310–1341. 164: 158: 153: 146: 134: 131: 123: 120:December 2023 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 88: 84: 81: – 80: 76: 75:Find sources: 69: 63: 62: 58: 53:This article 51: 47: 42: 41: 36: 32: 27: 19: 4977:(d. 1382 AH) 4971:(d. 1354 AH) 4965:(d. 1350 AH) 4959:(d. 1300 AH) 4950: 4838:Ibn al-Jawzi 4809:Ali al-Jifri 4800:(d. 1434 AH) 4794:(d. 1432 AH) 4788:(d. 1432 AH) 4782:(d. 1379 AH) 4776:(d. 1304 AH) 4770:(d. 1230 AH) 4764:(d. 1132 AH) 4758:(d. 1031 AH) 4600:Ibn al-Salah 4447:(d. 1425 AH) 4441:(d. 1419 AH) 4435:(d. 1397 AH) 4429:(d. 1393 AH) 4423:(d. 1380 AH) 4417:(d. 1299 AH) 4411:(d. 1276 AH) 4405:(d. 1230 AH) 4399:(d. 1230 AH) 4393:(d. 1224 AH) 4387:(d. 1208 AH) 4381:(d. 1201 AH) 4375:(d. 1122 AH) 4369:(d. 1102 AH) 4363:(d. 1090 AH) 4357:(d. 1072 AH) 4351:(d. 1041 AH) 4345:(d. 1041 AH) 4339:(d. 1036 AH) 4313:Ahmad Zarruq 4265:Ibn Adjurrum 4211:Ibn Barrajan 4175:Al-Baqillani 3803: 3791: 3773: 3628: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3564: 3556: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3421: 3417: 3404: 3400: 3336: 3302: 3265:. Retrieved 3261: 3252: 3240:. Retrieved 3236: 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3211: 3202: 3190:. Retrieved 3186: 3177: 3165:. Retrieved 3161: 3152: 3140:. Retrieved 3136: 3127: 3107: 3063: 3057: 3038: 3032: 3020: 3008: 2996: 2969: 2957: 2919: 2913: 2901: 2889: 2870: 2832: 2820: 2808:. Retrieved 2751: 2732: 2726: 2707: 2686: 2654: 2634: 2625: 2618:Muhammad Ali 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2556: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2531:al-Maqrizi, 2527: 2504: 2499: 2485: 2480: 2472: 2471:al-Maqrizi, 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2347: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2262: 2253: 2241:. Retrieved 2237:the original 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2191: 2181: 2172: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2135: 2126: 2117:The Mameluke 2116: 2109: 2099: 2092: 2083: 2074: 2060: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2018: 2011: 1991: 1984: 1974:21 September 1972:. Retrieved 1957: 1950: 1938: 1923: 1915: 1895: 1876: 1867: 1848: 1842: 1815: 1785: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1728: 1714: 1712: 1705: 1698: 1646: 1637: 1500: 1479:Concubines: 1478: 1395: 1387: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1319: 1308:public baths 1298:, including 1276: 1268: 1255: 1244:, featuring 1232:Public works 1202: 1193: 1188:Amda Seyon I 1172: 1170:(pulpits). 1165: 1162:Tigris River 1147: 1112: 1103: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1063:French Kings 1006: 987: 974: 966:Qutlugh-Shah 963: 951: 925: 906: 888: 869:frontispiece 867:Illuminated 817: 805: 782: 769: 744: 740: 721: 715: 706:Second reign 693: 642: 634: 623: 580: 571: 538: 528: 512: 500: 499: 349:Khawand Zadu 346:Qutlughmalik 221:Second reign 126: 117: 107: 100: 93: 86: 74: 54: 26: 5232:1341 deaths 5227:1285 births 5084:Ahl al-Ra'y 4953:(d. 741 AH) 4947:(d. 658 AH) 4941:(d. 635 AH) 4935:(d. 635 AH) 4929:(d. 615 AH) 4923:(d. 589 AH) 4917:(d. 558 AH) 4911:(d. 500 AH) 4905:(d. 485 AH) 4871:(d. 745 AH) 4865:(d. 592 AH) 4859:(d. 524 AH) 4840:(d. 534 AH) 4834:(d. 508 AH) 4752:(d. 977 AH) 4746:(d. 974 AH) 4740:(d. 973 AH) 4738:Al-Sha'rani 4734:(d. 926 AH) 4728:(d. 923 AH) 4722:(d. 918 AH) 4716:(d. 911 AH) 4710:(d. 911 AH) 4704:(d. 902 AH) 4698:(d. 852 AH) 4692:(d. 845 AH) 4686:(d. 833 AH) 4680:(d. 807 AH) 4674:(d. 806 AH) 4668:(d. 794 AH) 4666:Al-Zarkashi 4662:(d. 786 AH) 4656:(d. 771 AH) 4650:(d. 764 AH) 4644:(d. 756 AH) 4638:(d. 742 AH) 4632:(d. 728 AH) 4626:(d. 702 AH) 4620:(d. 685 AH) 4614:(d. 676 AH) 4608:(d. 660 AH) 4602:(d. 643 AH) 4596:(d. 606 AH) 4590:(d. 578 AH) 4584:(d. 571 AH) 4582:Ibn 'Asakir 4578:(d. 548 AH) 4572:(d. 516 AH) 4566:(d. 505 AH) 4560:(d. 502 AH) 4554:(d. 478 AH) 4548:(d. 471 AH) 4542:(d. 476 AH) 4536:(d. 465 AH) 4534:Al-Qushayri 4530:(d. 463 AH) 4524:(d. 458 AH) 4518:(d. 430 AH) 4512:(d. 429 AH) 4506:(d. 427 AH) 4504:Al-Tha'labi 4500:(d. 418 AH) 4494:(d. 406 AH) 4488:(d. 405 AH) 4482:(d. 371 AH) 4476:(d. 354 AH) 4456:Hamza Yusuf 4333:(d. 954 AH) 4327:(d. 953 AH) 4321:(d. 914 AH) 4315:(d. 899 AH) 4309:(d. 876 AH) 4303:(d. 808 AH) 4301:Ibn Khaldun 4297:(d. 803 AH) 4291:(d. 790 AH) 4285:(d. 776 AH) 4279:(d. 741 AH) 4273:(d. 737 AH) 4267:(d. 723 AH) 4261:(d. 709 AH) 4255:(d. 702 AH) 4249:(d. 684 AH) 4243:(d. 672 AH) 4237:(d. 628 AH) 4231:(d. 581 AH) 4225:(d. 544 AH) 4219:(d. 543 AH) 4213:(d. 536 AH) 4207:(d. 536 AH) 4201:(d. 520 AH) 4195:(d. 474 AH) 4189:(d. 458 AH) 4183:(d. 430 AH) 4177:(d. 403 AH) 4171:(d. 386 AH) 4059:(1516–1517) 4057:Tumanbay II 4053:(1501–1516) 4041:(1500–1501) 4035:(1498–1500) 4029:(1496–1498) 4023:(1468–1496) 4017:(1467–1468) 4005:(1461–1467) 3993:(1453–1461) 3981:(1438–1453) 3969:(1422–1438) 3963:(1421–1422) 3945:(1412–1421) 3933:(1405–1412) 3921:(1399–1405) 3915:(1390–1399) 3909:(1389–1390) 3903:(1382–1389) 3884:(1381–1382) 3878:(1377–1381) 3872:(1363–1377) 3866:(1361–1363) 3860:(1354–1361) 3854:(1351–1354) 3848:(1347–1351) 3842:(1346–1347) 3836:(1345–1346) 3830:(1342–1345) 3818:(1341–1342) 3806:(1310–1341) 3800:(1309–1310) 3794:(1299–1309) 3788:(1296–1299) 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4618:Al-Baydawi 4570:Al-Baghawi 4564:Al-Ghazali 4552:Al-Juwayni 4522:Al-Bayhaqi 4480:Ibn Khafif 4474:Ibn Hibban 4361:Ibn 'Ashir 4325:Al-Akhdari 4295:Ibn 'Arafa 4277:Ibn Juzayy 4229:Al-Suhayli 4015:Timurbugha 3456:Ibn Taghri 3372:Al-Maqrizi 3357:References 2837:Yiğit 2016 2691:Yiğit 2016 2435:2, p. 185) 1708:Eid prayer 1371:Azz Nasroh 1290:, and the 1284:Great Iwan 1261:Alexandria 1180:Christians 1013:pilgrimage 736:Circassian 694:When Emir 660:romanised: 559:al-Shuja‘i 549:who ruled 285:Baybars II 258:Baybars II 248:Baybars II 90:newspapers 57:references 5104:Al-Ahbash 5040:Al-Irshad 4863:Ibn Mada' 4832:Ibn 'Aqil 4804:Ali Gomaa 4756:Al-Munawi 4708:Al-Suyuti 4648:Al-Safadi 4612:Al-Nawawi 4492:Ibn Furak 4331:Al-Hattab 4241:Ibn Malik 4205:Al-Maziri 4187:Ibn Sidah 3440:1307-9581 3183:"Sources" 2663:1074-5408 2516:Palestine 2289:in Cairo. 2287:Caliphate 2243:18 August 1920:Al-Safadi 1671:in 1342. 1265:Pharaonic 1258:Ptolemaic 1222:Levantine 1218:Jerusalem 1184:Ethiopian 1175:Christian 1154:Ilkhanate 1096:in 1338. 994:Cathedral 928:Georgians 871:from the 789:Ilkhanate 291:Successor 244:Successor 201:Successor 5123:Maturidi 5063:See also 4933:Al-Kamil 4824:Hanbalis 4798:Al-Bouti 4466:Shafi'is 4131:Category 3450:Ibn Iyas 3233:"Fāṭima" 2533:al-Suluk 2522:. p. 60. 2425:Ibn Iyas 1931:Damascus 1791:See also 1773:khanqahs 1390:Ibn Iyas 1306:, built 1296:madrasas 1277:Qasr al- 1186:emperor 1143:Turkomen 1127:captured 1017:al-Karak 990:Madrasah 959:Turcoman 813:Al-Karak 700:al-Karak 688:Al-Karak 680:Citadel. 555:Kitbugha 537:) or as 489:Religion 454:Qalawuni 386:Abu Bakr 338:Tulunbay 329:Consorts 215:Kitbugha 205:Kitbugha 5172:Asharis 5143:Shafi'i 4921:Saladin 4849:Zahiris 4161:Malikis 2275:Baghdad 2268:Abbasid 1769:zawiyas 1751:turbans 1669:Shaykhu 1273:Citadel 1167:minbars 1150:Baghdad 1123:Malatya 1116:Oljeitu 1042:Ayyubid 932:Calvary 829:citadel 787:of the 747:Bedouin 601:was of 599:Qalawun 583:Qalawun 563:Baibars 545:of the 475:Qalawun 460:Dynasty 400:Ramadan 396:Sha'ban 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