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bland terms" as "advantage" and "interest." Hirschman described it as the book he most enjoyed writing. According to
Hirschman biographer Jeremy Adelman, it reflected Hirschman's political moderation, a challenge to reductive accounts of human nature by economists as a "utility-maximizing machine" as well as Marxian or communitarian "nostalgia for a world that was lost to consumer avarice."
38:
146:
569:. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms. He argued against "Big Push" approaches to development, such as those advocated by
630:
as an important counterweight to humankind's destructive passions. Capitalism was promoted by thinkers including
Montesquieu, Sir James Steuart, and Adam Smith as repressing the passions for "harmless" commercial activities. Hirschman noted that terms including "vice" and "passion" gave way to "such
588:, stating "paradoxically, the most ambitious attempt to theorize the revolution of Latin American society arose in a country that to date has experienced very little social change: I am talking about Peru and the writings of Haya de la Torre and Mariátegui". He helped develop the
516:
from 1946 to 1952. In this role, he conducted and published analyses of postwar
European reconstruction and newly created international economic institutions. From 1952 to 1954 he was a financial advisor to the National Planning Board of Colombia; he stayed in
338:. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms.
1986:
3158:
3128:
3123:
1432:
Book review of “Worldly
Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman” (Princeton), by Jeremy Adelman : The Gift of Doubt: Albert O. Hirschman and the power of failure by Malcolm Gladwell
1824:
1608:
1540:
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Hirschmann recounts a history of the ideas laying the intellectual groundwork for capitalism. He describes how thinkers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries embraced the sin of
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In 1945, Hirschman proposed a market concentration index which was the square root of the sum of the squares of the market share of each participant in the market. In 1950,
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2019:
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672:
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55:
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He died at the age of 97 on
December 10, 2012, just months after the passing of his wife of over 70 years, Sarah Hirschman (née Chapiro).
2215:
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341:
His later work was in political economy and there he advanced two schemata. The first describes the three basic possible responses to
232:
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proposed a similar index (but without the square root), apparently unaware of the prior work. Thus, it is usually referred to as the
585:
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1964:
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1212:
975:
59:
1483:"Jeremy Adelman, Worldly Philosopher. The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman. Princeton/Oxford, Princeton University Press 2013"
2230:
Michael Laver. "Exit, Voice, and
Loyalty revisited: The Strategic Production and Consumption of Public and Private Goods,"
81:
2537:
2072:
1237:
389:
1809:"El consenso de Lima y sus descontentos: del restringido desarrollismo oligarca a revolucionarias reformas estructurales"
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1216:
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537:
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257:
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3012:
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However, he had taken one break in the summer of 1936 to spend three months as a volunteer fighting on behalf of the
88:
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432:
405:
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195:
48:
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in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet). The second systematizes the basic arguments made by
465:
70:
3153:
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1901:...there was a posterior inventor, O. C. Herfindahl, who proposed the same index, except for the square root...
1146:
804:
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601:
357:
347:
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In 2001, Hirschman was named among the top 100 American intellectuals, as measured by academic citations, in
3007:
2871:
2277:
2203:
2094:
1133:"Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating Some Categories of Economic Discourse." Bulletin of the
416:
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2800:
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2261:
2068:
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1400:
2992:
2901:
2891:
2597:
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2011:
1352:"Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States"
1298:
589:
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556:
541:
513:
409:
331:
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270:
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2411:
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1101:
640:
529:
401:
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384:, Germany, the son of Carl Hirschmann, a surgeon, and Hedwig Marcuse Hirschmann. He had a sister,
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2326:
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1930:
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1659:
533:
490:
482:
440:
327:
252:
95:
2161:
1179:"Exit, Voice, and the Fate of the German Democratic Republic: An Essay in Conceptual History."
1157:"University Activities Abroad and Human Rights Violations: Exit, Voice, or Business as Usual."
322:; April 7, 1915 – December 10, 2012) was a German economist and the author of several books on
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2131:
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1918:
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1359:
1144:"Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating Some Categories of Economic Discourse."
1065:
1074:"Beyond Asymmetry: Critical Notes on Myself as a Young Man and on Some Other Old Friends."
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525:
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369:
242:
2371:
1168:"The Political Economy of Latin American Development: Seven Exercises in Retrospection."
524:
Thereafter he held a succession of academic appointments in the economics departments of
1740:
1350:
Dowding, Keith (March 26, 2015). Lodge, Martin; Page, Edward C; Balla, Steven J (eds.).
1111:"'Exit, Voice, and Loyalty': Further Reflections and a Survey of Recent Contributions."
3027:
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to recognize a work of exceptional quality by a living political theorist for his book
1223:
456:
2186:
Albert
Hirschman Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
1956:
1041:"The Changing Tolerance for Income Inequality in the Course of Economic Development",
423:. This experience helped him when, after France’s 1940 surrender to the Nazis during
3047:
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2321:
2042:
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1249:
The
Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph
1069:
743:
The
Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments For Capitalism Before Its Triumph
502:
452:
444:
199:
177:
151:
17:
1879:
1745:
2936:
2926:
2770:
2742:
2717:
2582:
2509:
2484:
2381:
1335:
Hirschman, A. O. (1958) The
Strategy of Economic Development. Yale University Press
1008:"The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America."
610:
448:
424:
393:
365:
352:
2185:
2966:
2941:
2652:
2547:
2494:
2301:
2069:"Doctor Honoris Causa of the EUI and Recipients of Doctor Honoris Causa Degrees"
1122:"Rival Interpretations of Market Society: Civilizing, Destructive, or Feeble?."
37:
1683:
839:. New York: Zone Books; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by the MIT Press.
2627:
2612:
2542:
1699:
428:
1793:
1717:
1651:
1536:
1506:
696:
Journeys toward Progress: Studies of Economic Policy-Making in Latin America.
512:
He was chief of the Western European and British Commonwealth Section of the
2732:
2552:
1482:
809:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
606:
599:
His later work was in political economy, where he advanced two schemata. In
506:
397:
342:
282:
1922:
1498:
1019:"Underdevelopment, Obstacles to the Perception of Change, and Leadership."
518:
2246:
1631:
861:
edited by Jeremy Adelman (Princeton University Press) 384 pages; 16 essays
145:
926:"Currency Appreciation as an Anti-Inflationary Device: Further Comment."
577:
380:
Otto Albert Hirschman was born in 1915 into an affluent Jewish family in
1708:
997:"Obstacles to Development: A Classification and a Quasi-Vanishing Act."
459:. Hirschman's participation in these rescues are one aspect of the 2023
299:
627:
460:
435:
to help many of Europe's leading artists and intellectuals escape from
2190:
1684:"Albert O. Hirschman, Europe, and the Postwar Economic Order, 1946–52"
1773:
501:). Among his tasks was serving as the interpreter for German general
396:
resistance. He emigrated to Paris, where he continued his studies at
381:
173:
1356:
The Oxford Handbook of Classics in Public Policy and Administration
783:
Getting ahead collectively: grassroots experiences in Latin America
2095:"Albert O. Hirschman Prize of the Social Science Research Council"
2200:
2098:
948:"Investment Policies and 'Dualism' in Underdeveloped Countries."
660:
1980 expanded ed., Berkeley : University of California Press
785:(with photographs by Mitchell Denburg). New York: Pergamon Press
521:
for another 2 years and worked as a private economic counselor.
2250:
345:
in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet) in
498:
31:
1633:
Worldly philosopher : the odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman
1190:"Social Conflicts as Pillars of Democratic Market Society."
721:: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.
3159:
Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
1243:
In 2003, he won the Benjamin E. Lippincott Award from the
605:(1970) he described the three basic possible responses to
536:(1964–74). He was on the Faculty of Social Science of the
3129:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1030:"An Alternative Explanation of Contemporary Harriednes."
776:
Shifting involvements: private interest and public action
771:. Cambridge (Eng.); New York: Cambridge University Press.
351:(1970). The second describes the basic arguments made by
1741:"Economist who studied progress and fought fascism dies"
790:
A bias for hope: essays on development and Latin America
736:
A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development and Latin America
412:, where he received his doctorate in economics in 1938.
3124:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
2173:
Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman
1851:
Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman
1113:
The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society
871:"On Measures of Dispersion for a Finite Distribution."
844:
Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman
769:
Essays in trespassing: economics to politics and beyond
469:, in which a fictionalized version of him is played by
443:
and then to Portugal, with their exodus to end in the
832:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
797:
Rival views of market society and other recent essays
150:
Hirschman (left) interpreting for the accused German
1601:"Albert Hirschman, Optimistic Economist, Dies at 97"
1525:"Albert Hirschman, Optimistic Economist, Dies at 97"
1054:"On Hegel, Imperialism, and Structural Stagnation",
723:
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
2980:
2844:
2761:
2528:
2455:
2284:
1258:established an annual prize in honor of Hirschman.
288:
266:
225:
215:
210:
184:
159:
136:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1878:
961:"Invitation to Theorizing about the Dollar Glut."
854:. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ (2013)
330:. His first major contribution was in the area of
2097:. Social Science Research Council. Archived from
1881:National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade
1682:Alacevich, Michele; Asso, Pier Francesco (2022).
1096:"The Rise and Decline of Development Economics."
972:"The Commodity Structure of World Trade: Reply."
758:National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade
658:National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade
1872:
1870:
555:His first major contribution was in the area of
2225:"A great lateral thinker died on December 10th"
937:"Economic Policy in Underdeveloped Countries."
873:Journal of the American Statistical Association
368:, he played a key role in rescuing refugees in
2213:Obituary from the Institute for Advanced Study
2162:Albert O. Hirschman: An Intellectual Biography
1459:Honorary degree awarded to Albert O. Hirschman
778:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
3169:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2262:
893:"Devaluation and the Trade Balance: A Note."
745:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
705:Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
576:In the 1960s, Hirschman praised the works of
8:
3174:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
665:Colombia; highlights of a developing economy
1807:Orihuela, José Carlos (January–June 2020).
1775:Development, geography, and economic theory
882:"The Commodity Structure of World Trade." T
760:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3099:University of California, Berkeley faculty
2269:
2255:
2247:
1885:. University of California Press. p.
1664:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1564:"Meet Lucas Englander, the 'Chameleon' of
1451:
1449:
1447:
689:Latin American issues; essays and comments
133:
2191:The New York Review of Books Bibliography
1707:
1228:Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline.
677:New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3119:Alumni of the London School of Economics
2234:. Vol. 6. (Oct. 1976). pp. 463–482.
2044:Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline
1098:International Symposium on Latin America
999:Economic Development and Cultural Change
939:Economic Development and Cultural Change
1961:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1877:Albert O. Hirschman (January 1, 1980).
1315:
613:(perversity, futility and jeopardy) in
355:(perversity, futility and jeopardy) in
2998:English historical school of economics
2952:Structure–conduct–performance paradigm
1938:
1928:
1827:from the original on February 23, 2022
1657:
1599:Yardley, William (December 23, 2012).
1523:Yardley, William (December 23, 2012).
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1245:American Political Science Association
963:The Review of Economics and Statistics
917:The Review of Economics and Statistics
906:The Review of Economics and Statistics
895:The Review of Economics and Statistics
837:Crossing boundaries: selected writings
667:. Bogotá: Banco de la Republica Press.
3139:Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni
2238:Works by or about Albert O. Hirschman
2201:Albert O. Hirschman Prize and Lecture
1677:
1675:
1543:from the original on October 10, 2016
1380:from the original on February 2, 2020
1364:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.30
1209:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1135:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
3089:Institute for Advanced Study faculty
3084:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
2232:British Journal of Political Science
1753:from the original on January 6, 2015
1562:Roxborough, Scott (April 10, 2023).
1518:
1516:
1345:
1343:
1341:
673:The Strategy of Economic Development
562:The Strategy of Economic Development
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1915:Concentration in the steel industry
1611:from the original on April 29, 2013
1580:from the original on April 10, 2023
1481:Löhr, Isabella (January 15, 2014).
738:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
544:from 1974 to 2012 until his death.
2022:from the original on June 23, 2022
1967:from the original on June 23, 2022
1032:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
1010:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
988:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
928:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
565:. Here he emphasized the need for
489:. From 1943 to 1946 he was in the
487:University of California, Berkeley
388:. In 1932, he started studying at
334:. Here he emphasized the need for
233:University of California, Berkeley
25:
1739:Green, David (October 12, 2014).
884:he Quarterly Journal of Economics
691:New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
3144:International Brigades personnel
3069:20th-century American economists
3064:21st-century American economists
2196:Amherst Commencement Recognition
2127:The International Who's Who 2004
1401:"Rediscovering Albert Hirschman"
1399:Kuttner, Robert (May 16, 2013).
1057:Journal of Development Economics
807:: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy
698:New York: Twentieth Century Fund
594:The principle of the hiding hand
144:
36:
3164:Social Science Research Council
3074:American development economists
1256:Social Science Research Council
1232:In 2002, Hirschman was awarded
904:"Negotiations and the Issues."
830:A propensity to self-subversion
47:needs additional citations for
3018:Historical school of economics
1853:. Princeton University Press.
1279:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Model
1215:(1979), and the United States
1213:American Philosophical Society
1207:Hirschman was a member of the
1170:Latin American Research Review
1124:Journal of Economic Literature
1085:"Exit, Voice, and the State."
976:Quarterly Journal of Economics
703:Development Projects Observed.
624:The Passions and the Interests
439:to Spain through paths in the
390:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
1:
2073:European University Institute
1238:European University Institute
986:"Models of Reformmongering."
392:, where he was active in the
3134:University of Trieste alumni
2962:Theory of two-level planning
2457:New institutional economists
2175:. Princeton University Press
2165:. Columbia University Press.
2124:Europa Publications (2003).
2047:. Harvard University Press.
1688:History of Political Economy
1217:National Academy of Sciences
1070:10.1016/0304-3878(76)90037-7
1047:, Vol. 1, No. 12, (December
951:The American Economic Review
586:VĂctor RaĂşl Haya de la Torre
538:Institute for Advanced Study
495:Office of Strategic Services
258:Institute for Advanced Study
3114:Columbia University faculty
2442:Edward Lawrence Wheelwright
1913:Orris C Herfindahl (1950).
915:"Types of Convertibility."
481:From 1941 to 1943 he was a
3190:
3109:Harvard University faculty
3079:University of Paris alumni
2937:Penalty of taking the lead
2218:December 14, 2012, at the
1076:International Organization
792:. Boulder: Westview Press.
645:Herfindahl–Hirschman Index
635:Herfindahl–Hirschman Index
433:Emergency Rescue Committee
406:London School of Economics
275:London School of Economics
196:Ewing Township, New Jersey
3149:Jewish American academics
2159:Michele Alacevich. 2021.
1700:10.1215/00182702-10213625
1630:Adelman, Jeremy. (2013).
1470:Free University of Berlin
1289:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
493:, where he worked in the
447:. Those rescued included
404:. Then he was off to the
309:
298:
206:
143:
3033:Post-Keynesian economics
3013:French historical school
2285:Institutional economists
2041:Posner, Richard (2001).
1147:American Economic Review
805:The Rhetoric of Reaction
719:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
616:The Rhetoric of Reaction
602:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
376:Early life and education
358:The Rhetoric of Reaction
348:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
3008:Evolutionary psychology
2872:Conspicuous consumption
2278:Institutional economics
1957:"Albert Otto Hirschman"
1772:Paul., Krugman (1999).
1487:Historische Zeitschrift
875:38, no. 223 (September
859:The Essential Hirschman
497:(the forerunner of the
304:IDEAS / RePEc
3003:Evolutionary economics
2845:Key concepts and ideas
2801:Donald Angus MacKenzie
2427:George W. Stocking Sr.
2347:John Kenneth Galbraith
2206:June 10, 2016, at the
1573:The Hollywood Reporter
1499:10.1515/hzhz-2014-0531
1464:July 19, 2011, at the
1284:Latin American studies
1159:Human Rights Quarterly
930:, 66, no. 1 (February
919:, 33, no. 1 (February
908:, 33, no. 1 (February
582:José Carlos Mariátegui
320:Otto-Albert Hirschmann
2993:Development economics
2902:Hiding hand principle
2892:Effective competition
2763:Economic sociologists
2530:Behavioral economists
2392:Wesley Clair Mitchell
2012:"Albert O. Hirschman"
1437:July 5, 2013, at the
1405:The American Prospect
1299:Philippe C. Schmitter
954:47, no. 5 (September
590:hiding hand principle
571:Paul Rosenstein-Rodan
557:development economics
514:Federal Reserve Board
410:University of Trieste
332:development economics
316:Albert Otto Hirschman
293:Hiding hand principle
271:University of Trieste
238:Federal Reserve Board
138:Albert Otto Hirschman
71:"Albert O. Hirschman"
27:Economist (1915–2012)
18:Albert Otto Hirschman
2922:Market concentration
2887:Countervailing power
2693:Sendhil Mullainathan
2520:Oliver E. Williamson
2352:Walton Hale Hamilton
2297:Clarence Edwin Ayres
1991:search.amphilsoc.org
1987:"APS Member History"
1441:The New Yorker, 2013
1269:Economic development
1234:Doctor Honoris Causa
1126:20, no. 4 (December
1034:87, no. 4 (November
1012:82, no. 1 (February
979:75, no. 1 (February
965:42, no. 1 (February
897:31, no. 1 (February
56:improve this article
2972:Veblenian dichotomy
2882:Conventional wisdom
2877:Conspicuous leisure
2867:Bounded rationality
2857:Administered prices
2678:Brigitte C. Madrian
2480:Steven N. S. Cheung
2362:Albert O. Hirschman
2357:Orris C. Herfindahl
2227:The Economist 2012.
1813:Revista de historia
1294:Guillermo O'Donnell
1240:, Florence, Italy.
1183:45, no. 2 (January
1161:6, no. 1 (February
1102:Bar-Ilan University
1089:31, no. 1 (October
846:by Jeremy Adelman.
799:. New York: Viking.
641:Orris C. Herfindahl
559:with the 1958 book
530:Columbia University
505:at an early Allied
279:University of Paris
248:Columbia University
3094:Latin Americanists
2988:Cultural economics
2852:Accelerator effect
2668:George Loewenstein
2608:Catherine C. Eckel
2327:John Maurice Clark
2292:Werner Abelshauser
1605:The New York Times
1529:The New York Times
1115:58, no. 3 (Summer
1078:32, no. 1 (Winter
1023:97, no. 3 (Summer
886:57, no. 4 (August
592:in his 1967 essay
534:Harvard University
491:United States Army
483:Rockefeller Fellow
441:Pyrenees Mountains
328:political ideology
253:Harvard University
3041:
3040:
2862:Barriers to entry
2728:Robert J. Shiller
2688:Matteo Motterlini
2432:Lars PĂĄlsson Syll
2137:978-1-85743-217-6
2054:978-0-674-00633-1
1896:978-0-520-04082-3
1849:(April 7, 2013).
1821:ConcepciĂłn, Chile
1643:978-0-691-15567-8
1636:. Princeton, NJ.
1373:978-0-19-964613-5
1044:World Development
941:, 5, no. 4 (July
866:Selected articles
567:unbalanced growth
427:, he worked with
421:Spanish Civil War
386:Ursula Hirschmann
336:unbalanced growth
324:political economy
313:
312:
220:Political economy
188:December 10, 2012
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3181:
3104:HEC Paris alumni
2947:Shortage economy
2932:Market structure
2897:Herfindahl index
2821:Laurent Thévenot
2816:Richard Swedberg
2811:Lynette Spillman
2796:Mark Granovetter
2781:James S. Coleman
2753:Georg Weizsäcker
2748:Robert W. Vishny
2713:Klaus M. Schmidt
2663:Jeffrey R. Kling
2558:Douglas Bernheim
2447:Erich Zimmermann
2437:Thorstein Veblen
2417:Herbert A. Simon
2412:François Simiand
2387:Jesse W. Markham
2367:Geoffrey Hodgson
2307:Shimshon Bichler
2271:
2264:
2257:
2248:
2242:Internet Archive
2148:
2146:
2144:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:on June 10, 2016
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1884:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1711:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1596:
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1559:
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1520:
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1478:
1472:
1457:
1453:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1347:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1192:Political Theory
1001:13, no. 4 (July
417:Spanish Republic
191:
169:
167:
148:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3154:Jewish scholars
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
2976:
2957:Technostructure
2912:Instrumentalism
2907:Hirschman cycle
2840:
2836:Viviana Zelizer
2806:Joel M. Podolny
2757:
2683:Gary McClelland
2648:Daniel Kahneman
2643:David Ryan Just
2638:Charles A. Holt
2618:Urs Fischbacher
2603:Stephen Duneier
2593:Werner De Bondt
2524:
2451:
2402:Jonathan Nitzan
2342:Robert H. Frank
2332:John R. Commons
2312:Robert A. Brady
2280:
2275:
2220:Wayback Machine
2208:Wayback Machine
2182:
2156:
2154:Further reading
2151:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1937:
1927:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1847:Adelman, Jeremy
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1656:
1644:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1466:Wayback Machine
1455:
1454:
1445:
1439:Wayback Machine
1430:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1374:
1349:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1274:Hirschman cycle
1264:
1205:
1194:22, no. 2 (May
1137:37, no. 8 (May
990:77, no. 2 (May
868:
653:
637:
553:
532:(1958-64), and
526:Yale University
479:
477:Life and Career
471:Lucas Englander
437:occupied France
378:
370:occupied France
281:
277:
273:
267:Alma mater
262:
243:Yale University
211:Academic career
202:
193:
189:
180:
171:
165:
163:
155:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3028:Microeconomics
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2981:Related fields
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Kuznets cycles
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:Harrison White
2828:
2826:Carlo Trigilia
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Richard Thaler
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Howard Rachlin
2705:
2700:
2698:Michael Norton
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Herbert Gintis
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:David Cesarini
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:George Ainslie
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Douglass North
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Harold Demsetz
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Armen Alchian
2467:
2465:Daron Acemoglu
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Frank Stilwell
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Warren Samuels
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Richard T. Ely
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Daniel Bromley
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2274:
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2245:
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2228:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2180:External links
2178:
2177:
2176:
2169:Jeremy Adelman
2166:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2136:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2086:
2060:
2053:
2033:
2003:
1978:
1948:
1905:
1895:
1866:
1860:978-0691155678
1859:
1838:
1799:
1784:
1764:
1731:
1671:
1642:
1622:
1591:
1554:
1512:
1493:(2): 573–576.
1473:
1443:
1417:
1391:
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1337:
1328:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1224:Richard Posner
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1188:
1181:World Politics
1177:
1166:
1155:
1142:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1094:
1087:World Politics
1083:
1072:
1052:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
984:
970:
959:
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902:
891:
880:
867:
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863:
862:
855:
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833:
826:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
762:
761:
754:
739:
732:
714:
699:
692:
685:
668:
661:
652:
649:
636:
633:
580:intellectuals
552:
549:
478:
475:
457:Marcel Duchamp
377:
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311:
310:
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194:
192:(aged 97)
186:
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141:
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44:
42:
35:
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10:
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3:
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3127:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
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3087:
3085:
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3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Legal realism
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
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2855:
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2829:
2827:
2824:
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2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Paula England
2789:
2787:
2786:Paul DiMaggio
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Fred L. Block
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Hersh Shefrin
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Matthew Rabin
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Graham Loomes
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:George Katona
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:David Halpern
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Rachel Croson
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:Colin Camerer
2571:
2569:
2568:Sarah Brosnan
2566:
2564:
2563:Samuel Bowles
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Elinor Ostrom
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Claude MĂ©nard
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
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2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Masahiko Aoki
2473:
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2400:
2398:
2397:Gunnar Myrdal
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Simon Kuznets
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2348:
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2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Ha-Joon Chang
2320:
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2209:
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2199:
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2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2139:
2133:
2130:. Routledge.
2129:
2128:
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2121:
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2115:
2100:
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2090:
2087:
2074:
2070:
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2056:
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2037:
2034:
2021:
2017:
2016:nasonline.org
2013:
2007:
2004:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1958:
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1932:
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1920:
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1785:0-262-61135-X
1781:
1778:. MIT Press.
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1566:Transatlantic
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1277:
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1272:
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1259:
1257:
1254:In 2007, the
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1214:
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1136:
1132:
1130:): 1463–1484.
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1103:
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860:
856:
853:
852:9780691155678
849:
845:
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
823:0-674-76868-X
820:
816:
815:0-674-76867-1
812:
808:
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791:
787:
784:
780:
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766:
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764:
759:
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751:0-691-01598-8
748:
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740:
737:
733:
730:
729:0-674-27660-4
726:
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715:
712:
711:0-815-73651-7
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683:0-300-00559-8
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2967:Veblen goods
2927:Market power
2771:Jens Beckert
2743:Amos Tversky
2718:Eldar Shafir
2583:Kay-Yut Chen
2510:Mancur Olson
2485:Ronald Coase
2382:Hunter Lewis
2372:János Kornai
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2126:
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2099:the original
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226:Institutions
190:(2012-12-10)
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54:Please help
49:verification
46:
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3059:2012 deaths
3054:1915 births
2942:Satisficing
2653:Ariel Kalil
2548:Nava Ashraf
2495:Avner Greif
2302:Joe S. Bain
1939:|work=
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300:Information
3048:Categories
2628:Uri Gneezy
2613:Armin Falk
2598:Paul Dolan
2543:Dan Ariely
1823:: 77–100.
1757:January 6,
1306:References
1104:, Israel,
1093:): 90–107.
507:war crimes
429:Varian Fry
166:1915-04-07
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2733:Uwe Sunde
2553:Ofer Azar
2143:April 24,
1941:ignored (
1931:cite book
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1726:252975953
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1746:Ha’aretz
1615:July 23,
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1998:2022
1973:2022
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