211:
77:
as a mechical engineer in 1911. He earned a Ph.D. in 1917 while serving as the principal assistant to
Professor Franz Prasil (1857–1929). Throughout his career, he was involved in the development of hydropower with interests ranging from hydraulic machinery to the regulation of river flows for inland
1194:
The units of Kutter's n-value as applied in the
Manning formula are a matter of debate. While both dimensional analysis and application of the Manning formula imply units of T/L, other interpretations have been proposed. Chow examined the development of formulas using n-value and concluded that the
755:
The first term on the right-hand side of the equation is the dimensionless ratio of hydraulic radius to roughness height, commonly referred to as relative roughness. The remaining term, known as the boundary shear velocity, approximates the flow of water downhill under the influence of gravity and
312:
Later researchers produced variations on
Strickler’s equation proposing different measures of surface roughness and corresponding variations in the empherical coefficient. For example, Strickler’s equation has been used to estimate n-values for riprap lined channels from stone gradation. The
94:
In 1923, Strickler published a report examining 34 formulas for the computation of flow in pipes and open channels and related experimental data. The report validated the
Gauckler formula and by inference, the Manning formula. Strickler proposed that the Ganguillet-Kutter n-value, used to
896:
is more widely used than
Stricker’s dimensionally homogeneous form of the equation. However, Strickler’s observations on the influence of surface roughness and the concept of relative roughness are common features of a variety of formulas used to estimate hydraulic roughness.
471:
728:
199:
has units of length, and at least in theory, is a measurable quantity. A measurable quantity is potentially useful for channel design and stream restoration engineering where the design value of hydraulic roughness may be unknown.
845:
909:
Strickler, A. (1923). “Contributions to the question of velocity formula and the roughness numbers for rivers, channels and pipes.” Mitteilung 16, C. Mutzner, ed., Amt für
Wasserwirtschaft, Bern, Switzerland (in
276:
888:
166:
913:
Strickler, A. (1924). “Drag resistance of propeller boats, and their performance in inland navigation.” Mitteilung 17, Amt für
Wasserwirtschaft, Bern, Switzerland (in German).
1228:
170:
Strickler’s equation introduces a new emperical coefficient which must be determined experimentally to define n-value. However, unlike n-value, which has units of T/L,
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307:
1248:
604:
546:
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122:
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Stricker proposed that for a fixed boundary, surface roughness could be defined by the median grain size of a river’s bed material. He also noted that the onset of
574:
635:
750:
625:
516:
495:
1133:
1049:
919:
Strickler, A. (1926). “Studies on measurement of discharge.” Mitteilung 18, C. Mutzner, ed., Amt für
Wasserwirtschaft, Bern, Switzerland (in German).
82:, he was the vice president of the Association of Exporting Electricity and a member of the board of directors on the Gotthard Electricity Mains AG,
925:
Strickler, A. (1930). “The question of the coefficient in Chézy’s formula.” Gesamtbericht der 2. Weltkraftkonferenz, Berlin, 2, 137–152 (in German).
922:
Strickler, A. (1926). “Relation between the Swiss hydropower development and inland navigation.” Werft, Reederei, Hafen, 7(14), 345–346 (in German).
764:
317:
published a study of hydraulic roughness in pipes that validated
Strickler’s observations of the influence of surface roughness in turbulent flows.
916:
Strickler, A. (1925). “The regulation of Rhine River between
Strassburg and Basle.” Schweizerische Techniker-Zeitung, 22(33), 389–394 (in German).
214:
Strickler's equation describes n-value, a measure of hydraulic roughness, as a fuction of the median diameter of gravel particles on a river bed.
1110:
1006:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Channel Flow and Catchment Runoff: Centennial of Manning's Formula and the Rational Formula
630:
Substituting Strickler’s equation for n-value and rearranging terms produces a dimensionally homogeneous form of the Manning’s formula:
759:
From experimental data, Stickler proposed that the dimensionally homogeneous form of the Manning formula could be quantified as:
1307:
1204:
For uniform flow, the water surface and bed slopes are equal. As applied in these formulas, slope is an approximation of
223:
22:(25 July 1887 – 1 February 1963) was a Swiss mechanical engineer recognized for contributions to our understanding of
1270:
Vischer, D. (1987). “Strickler formula, a Swiss contribution to hydraulics.”Wasser, Energie, Luft, 79(7/8), 139–142.
1080:(Technical report). US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment, Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.). Miscellaneous Paper HL-92-5.
1302:
58:
Albert Strickler was the only child of Albert Strickler, Sr. (1853–1936) and Maria Auguste Flentjen (1863–1945) of
313:
equation also describes the scaling of hydraulic roughness in Froude scaled, physical hydraulic models. In 1933,
1025:
Contributions to the Question of a Velocity Formula and Roughness Data for Streams, Channels and Closed Pipelines
86:. He subsequently worked as an engineering consultant until illness forced his withdrawal from practice in 1950.
852:
1267:
Hager, W. H. (2014). “Albert Strickler: His life and work.” Wasser, Energie, Luft, 106(4), 297–302 (in German)
95:
characterize hydraulic roughness in the Manning formula, could be defined as a function of surface roughness,
129:
1287:
1251:
1317:
1312:
42:, the ratio of hydraulic radius to surface roughness. He applied these concepts to the development of a
1327:
1322:
1272:
959:
43:
63:
23:
1207:
1292:
1023:
466:{\displaystyle V=\left({\frac {1}{n}}\right){R}_{H}^{2/3}{S}^{1/2}={K}_{S}{R}_{H}^{2/3}{S}^{1/2}}
204:
34:. Strickler proposed that hydraulic roughness could be characterized as a function of measurable
1028:(Technical report). Swiss Department of the Interior, Report of the Bureau of Water Affairs. 16.
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723:{\displaystyle V\propto {\left({\frac {{R}_{H}}{{k}_{S}}}\right)}^{1/6}{\sqrt {g{R}_{H}S}}}
1297:
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70:. He was married twice, the second time as a widower. Neither marriage produced children.
47:
551:
735:
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501:
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210:
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1004:
Dooge, James (26 May 1989). "The Manning Formula in Context". In Ben Chie YEN (ed.).
39:
83:
79:
218:
For fixed boundary, gravel bed rivers, Strickler’s equation can be quantified as:
59:
1158:
67:
840:{\displaystyle V=\alpha {\sqrt{\frac {{R}_{H}}{{k}_{S}}}}{\sqrt {2g{R}_{H}S}}}
74:
207:, the mobile boundary condition, increased the observed hydraulic roughness.
31:
1170:
1141:(Change 1, 30 June 1994 ed.), US Army Corps of Engineers, 1 July 1990
1102:
1057:(Change 1, 30 June 1994 ed.), US Army Corps of Engineers, 1 July 1990
1092:
1135:
Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels, Engineer Manual 1110-2-1601
1051:
Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels, Engineer Manual 1110-2-1601
1048:"Chapter 5, Methods for Predicting n Values for the Manning Equation",
1075:
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https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/487522
209:
1252:
Shallow_water_equations#Derivation_from_Navier–Stokes_equations
321:
Dimensionally Homogeneous Gauckler–Manning–Strickler Formula
1097:. Manual of Practice. American Society of Civil Engineers.
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is acceleration due to gravity in meters per second.
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1008:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia.
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1077:Riprap resistance tests from a large test channel
271:{\displaystyle n={\frac {1}{21.1}}{D}_{50}^{1/6}}
1195:historical record did not resolve the question.
325:Given the Gauckler–Manning–Strickler formula:
8:
1091:Ettema, R. (2000-05-18). Ettema, R. (ed.).
627:is the dimensionless water surface slope.
1235:
1209:
1094:Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice
883:{\displaystyle \alpha =21.1/{\sqrt {2g}}}
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161:{\displaystyle n\propto {\sqrt{k}}_{S}}
1074:Maynord, Stephen T. (December 1992).
960:"Albert Strickler: His Life and Work"
7:
309:is the median grain size in meters.
892:In civil engineering practice, the
756:has units of velocity, i.e., L/T.
606:is hydraulic radius in meters, and
976:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001000
497:is velocity in meters per second,
14:
518:is n-value in seconds per meter,
964:Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
548:is the Strickler coefficient,
1:
958:Hager, Willi H. (July 2015).
38:and described the concept of
1223:{\displaystyle \sin \theta }
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1022:Strickler, Albert (1923).
73:Strickler graduated from
44:dimensionally homogeneous
16:Swiss mechanical engineer
302:{\displaystyle {D}_{50}}
89:
1243:{\displaystyle \theta }
1163:Open-channel hydraulics
599:{\displaystyle {R}_{H}}
541:{\displaystyle {K}_{S}}
192:{\displaystyle {k}_{S}}
117:{\displaystyle {k}_{S}}
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90:Strickler's Equation
569:{\displaystyle 1/n}
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40:relative roughness
1303:Civil engineering
1112:978-0-7844-0415-7
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745:{\displaystyle g}
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620:{\displaystyle S}
511:{\displaystyle n}
490:{\displaystyle V}
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36:surface roughness
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979:. Retrieved
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901:Publications
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84:Altdorf, Uri
80:World War II
72:
57:
46:form of the
28:open channel
19:
18:
1328:1983 deaths
1323:1887 births
1159:Ven Te Chow
68:Switzerland
1282:Categories
1145:2023-08-05
1118:2023-05-01
1061:2023-08-05
981:2023-05-15
930:References
75:ETH Zurich
1293:Hydrology
1238:θ
1218:θ
1215:
857:α
775:α
643:∝
137:∝
60:Wädenswil
32:pipe flow
1262:See also
1161:(1959).
910:German).
905:Source:
1171:4010975
475:where:
1298:Piping
1250:. See
1169:
1109:
849:where
732:Where
280:where
1182:Notes
1139:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
124:.
1167:OCLC
1107:ISBN
863:21.1
239:21.1
54:Life
30:and
1212:sin
1099:doi
972:doi
968:141
50:.
26:in
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1034:^
1014:^
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295:50
251:50
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1173:.
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1101::
984:.
974::
876:g
873:2
867:/
860:=
833:S
828:H
823:R
818:g
815:2
807:6
800:S
795:k
788:H
783:R
772:=
769:V
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716:S
711:H
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668:k
661:H
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592:H
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564:n
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506:n
485:V
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451:1
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435:/
431:2
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421:R
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404:=
399:2
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391:1
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350:n
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342:(
338:=
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256:1
246:D
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231:=
228:n
185:S
180:k
154:S
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143:k
134:n
110:S
105:k
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