149:
5870:
8002:
5863:
4367:
132:
5192:
5178:
7454:
6658:
7440:
5171:
1409:
7447:
4373:
5877:
170:
5185:
511:
8015:
6676:
1571:. The higher mortality rate in adults may explain their more common preservation. Very large animals were rare because few individuals survived long enough to attain such sizes. High infant mortality rates, followed by reduced mortality among juveniles and a sudden increase in mortality after sexual maturity, with very few animals reaching maximum size, is a pattern observed in many modern large mammals, including elephants,
6664:
6683:
8009:
7434:
6671:
1625:
1567:
with the onset of sexual maturity between the ages of fourteen and sixteen. This elevated mortality rate continued throughout adulthood, perhaps due to the high physiological demands of procreation, including stress and injuries received during intraspecific competition for mates and resources, and eventually, the ever-increasing effects of
1454:, which can determine the age of a specimen when it died. A growth curve can be developed when the ages of various individuals are plotted against their sizes on a graph. Tyrannosaurids grew throughout their lives, but underwent tremendous growth spurts for about four years, after an extended juvenile phase.
1494:
spent as much as half its life in the juvenile phase before ballooning up to near-maximum size in only a few years. This, along with the complete lack of predators intermediate in size between huge adult tyrannosaurids and other small theropods, suggests these niches may have been filled by juvenile
1566:
and more fleet of foot than most of their prey animals. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in their mortality rate and a corresponding rarity of fossil remains. Mortality rates doubled at age twelve, perhaps the result of the physiological demands of the rapid growth phase, and then doubled again
1621:. The group seems to be composed of one very old adult, eight adults between 17 and 23 years old, seven sub-adults undergoing their rapid growth phases at between 12 and 16 years old, and six juveniles between the ages of 2 and 11 years that had not yet reached the growth phase.
1341:
more abundant to the south. The same pattern is seen in other groups of dinosaurs. Chasmosaurine ceratopsians and hadrosaurine hadrosaurs are also more common in the Two
Medicine Formation of Montana and in southwestern North America during the Campanian, while centrosaurine and
1531:
bonebed, weighed an estimated 50 kg (110 lb), and was about 2 m (6.6 ft) in length. The 28-year-old specimen from the same quarry measured 10 m (33 ft) long. Juvenile animals are rarely found as fossils for several reasons, mainly
1665:
and that all of the preserved animals died at the same time. Currie claims this as evidence of pack behaviour. Other scientists are skeptical, observing that the animals may have been driven together by a drought, flood, or for other reasons.
1536:, where the smaller bones of younger animals were less likely to be preserved by fossilization than the larger bones of adults, and collection bias, where smaller fossils are less likely to be noticed by collectors in the field. Young
1561:
died in large numbers, but have not been preserved in the fossil record due to their small size and fragile construction. After just two years, juveniles were larger than any other predator in the region aside from adult
1526:
individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death. However, the youngest individual known is a juvenile two-year-old and the oldest is an adult 28-year-old. The two-year-old was discovered in the
691:
to be an albertosaurine in 2004, but his more recent unpublished work locates it just outside
Tyrannosauridae, in agreement with other authors. The other major subfamily of tyrannosaurids is the
583:
with a long tail. However, tyrannosaurid arms were extremely small for their body size and retained only two digits. The legs were long and ended in a four-toed foot. The first digit, called the
1739:, although some or all of the above localities may represent temporary or unnatural aggregations. Others have speculated that, instead of social groups, at least some of these finds represent
2552:
Carr, Thomas D.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Schwimmer, David R. (2005). "A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late
Cretaceous (middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama".
1514:
on the Dry Island bonebed not proven they belonged to the same taxon, the teeth of juveniles would likely have been identified by statistical analysis as those of a different species.
1542:
are relatively large for juvenile animals, but their remains are still rare in the fossil record compared with adults. It has been suggested that this phenomenon is a consequence of
591:
may have been able to reach walking speeds of 14−21 kilometres per hour (8−13 miles per hour). At least for the younger individuals, a high running speed is plausible.
576:
estimates are higher, around 2.5 tonnes (2.8 short tons; 2.5 long tons), although greater estimates exist of about 2.8–2.9 tonnes (3.1–3.2 short tons; 2.8–2.9 long tons).
3086:"Body size overlap, habitat partitioning and living space requirements of terrestrial vertebrate predators: implications for the paleoecology of large theropod dinosaurs"
579:
All tyrannosaurids, including albertosaurines, shared a similar body appearance. Typical for theropods, tyrannosaurids were bipedal and balanced their heavy head and
2836:
3337:
1464:
specimens of various sizes, Erickson calculated a maximum growth rate of about 50 kg (110 lb) per year during the rapid growth phase, slower than in
2918:
2967:
1579:. The same pattern is also seen in other tyrannosaurids. The comparison with modern animals and other tyrannosaurids lends support to this life history
1607:, which is the most individuals found in one locality of any large Cretaceous theropod and the second-most of any large theropod dinosaur behind the
776:
in 1970, with many subsequent authors following his lead. Combining the two greatly expands the geographical and chronological range of the genus
2482:
5869:
5862:
8001:
566:
could grow to over 10 m (33 ft) in length. Several independent mass estimates, obtained by different methods, suggest that an adult
3413:
3383:
3241:
2802:
2462:
2382:
2789:(2005). "An unusual multi-individual tyrannosaurid bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) of Montana (USA)". In
8119:
1324:
of
Montana preserves the digested remains of a juvenile hadrosaur in its gut region, with another bonebed containing the remains of three
3829:
8124:
3674:
3577:
3048:
2675:
2237:
Buckley, Lisa G.; Larson, Derek W.; Reichel, Miriam; Samman, Tanya (2010). "Quantifying tooth variation within a single population of
1443:
5191:
6657:
3469:
868:
are kept separate by most classifications, as should be according to Currie. The cladogram below was found during the analysis of
1764:
5177:
8109:
7439:
2004:"Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage"
1718:
1614:
4366:
5170:
1331:
Unlike some other groups of dinosaurs, neither genus was more common at higher or lower elevations than the other. However,
7453:
4372:
169:
8129:
2757:
2716:
7880:
6675:
5876:
3632:
2637:
2366:
2885:
2002:
Benson, R. B. J.; Campione, N. S. E.; Carrano, M. T.; Mannion, P. D.; Sullivan, C.; Upchurch, P.; Evans, D. C. (2014).
7446:
5184:
3352:
1458:
may have ended this rapid growth phase, after which growth slowed down considerably in adult animals. Examining five
1270:. This is one of the few examples of two tyrannosaurid genera coexisting. Similar-sized predators in modern predator
587:, was short and only the other three contacted the ground, with the third (middle) digit being longer than the rest.
2445:
Raath, Michael A. (1990). "Morphological variation in small theropods and its meaning in systematics: evidence from
8014:
6682:
3016:
2668:"Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia"
1346:
dominate in northern latitudes. Holtz has suggested this pattern indicates shared ecological preferences between
681:; see below). These two species are the only described albertosaurines, but other undescribed species may exist.
342:
3768:
3600:
2565:
3917:
1510:
During growth, thickening of the tooth morphology changed so much that, had the association of young and adult
6663:
3800:
3687:
3447:
1952:"Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions"
8008:
2338:(Supplement to 3 – Abstracts of Papers, 61st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology): 46A.
8114:
3822:
3755:
3520:
1735:
preserved alongside several hadrosaurs. These findings may corroborate the evidence for social behaviour in
1713:
in other tyrannosaurids as well. Fragmentary remains of smaller individuals were found alongside "Sue," the
1374:
148:
2832:
8034:
3586:
3500:
3329:
1726:
1583:, but bias in the fossil record may still play a large role, especially since more than two-thirds of all
1321:
988:
971:
753:
3662:
1743:-like mobbing of carcasses, where aggressive competition leads to some of the predators being killed and
572:
weighed between 1.3 tonnes (1.4 short tons; 1.3 long tons) and 2 tonnes (2.2 short tons; 2.0 long tons).
8081:
6388:
6300:
3496:
3427:
3217:
2816:
1543:
1279:
829:
741:
3658:
2593:
7433:
3255:
2589:
2497:
1677:. However, only rarely are so many dinosaurian predators found at the same site. Small theropods like
1317:
8072:
7966:
6077:
6045:
3723:
3624:
3565:
3529:
3289:
3154:
3100:
3057:
3035:
2984:
2959:
2853:
2684:
2605:
2419:
2250:
1963:
1710:
800:, which are almost always kept separate. He also notes that undescribed tyrannosaurids discovered in
682:
636:
442:
352:
323:
3423:
3259:
3132:
2828:
877:
6401:
6188:
3748:"Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts"
3743:
3711:
3591:
3504:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3194:
3039:
3027:
2963:
2951:
2812:
2778:
2774:
2745:
2741:
1635:
6670:
3077:
1595:
individuals both grow the most rapidly during a four-year period until they are approximately 16.
7873:
6377:
6237:
6093:
6033:
5468:
5378:
5261:
4125:
3815:
3780:
3699:
3612:
3553:
3451:
3251:
3116:
3008:
2877:
2782:
2667:
2621:
2577:
2347:
2241:(Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) and implications for identifying isolated teeth of tyrannosaurids".
1981:
164:
3667:"My theropod is bigger than yours … or not: Estimating body size from skull length in theropods"
3405:
8086:
1408:
7755:
7672:
7646:
7485:
7472:
7350:
6891:
6843:
5675:
5025:
4104:
3772:
3691:
3604:
3545:
3484:
3409:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3317:
3237:
3182:
3000:
2975:
2910:
2869:
2798:
2790:
2749:
2569:
2458:
2450:
2378:
2035:
1533:
673:
Tyrannosauridae, in the subfamily
Albertosaurinae. Its closest relative is the slightly older
7859:
7616:
7526:
7315:
7231:
7093:
7012:
6984:
6944:
6825:
6795:
6313:
6066:
5930:
5787:
5687:
5536:
5443:
5401:
4968:
4278:
3764:
3731:
3683:
3628:
3596:
3537:
3443:
3307:
3297:
3267:
3263:
3172:
3162:
3128:
3108:
3065:
3031:
2992:
2955:
2939:
2931:
2902:
2861:
2844:
2820:
2770:
2733:
2729:
2704:
2692:
2663:
2633:
2613:
2561:
2427:
2370:
2339:
2258:
2025:
2015:
1971:
1669:
There is plentiful evidence for gregarious behaviour among herbivorous dinosaurs, including
1658:
1303:
1275:
1141:
873:
687:
670:
604:
600:
410:
406:
316:
269:
253:
7922:
7660:
7623:
7555:
7410:
7403:
7215:
7157:
7120:
7079:
6914:
6773:
6757:
6575:
6547:
6525:
6412:
6257:
5964:
5738:
5621:
5599:
5520:
5349:
5326:
5319:
5297:
5283:
5276:
5237:
5088:
4935:
4862:
4851:
4787:
4675:
4562:
4139:
4048:
3902:
3877:
3465:
3393:
3363:
3338:"The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta"
2708:
2483:"A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina"
1751:
are commonly found in packs, there is no evidence of group behavior in the close relative
1603:
The Dry Island bonebed discovered by Barnum Brown and his crew contains the remains of 26
1572:
1465:
1455:
1447:
1413:
1359:
1347:
1271:
950:
887:
849:
836:
809:
692:
632:
612:
510:
500:
488:
484:
438:
418:
402:
348:
298:
285:
131:
39:
1657:
bonebed quarry led Currie to conclude that the locality was not a predator trap like the
3727:
3533:
3293:
3158:
3104:
3061:
2988:
2857:
2688:
2609:
2423:
2254:
1967:
7887:
7850:
7831:
7793:
7782:
7579:
7292:
7251:
7242:
7224:
7204:
7100:
6814:
6559:
6421:
6248:
6230:
6058:
6025:
6011:
5972:
5746:
5607:
5564:
5557:
5479:
5455:
5408:
5367:
5304:
5290:
5018:
5003:
4830:
4664:
4528:
4496:
4485:
4462:
4424:
4285:
4255:
4179:
4118:
4017:
3398:
3312:
3275:
3271:
3177:
3140:
2824:
2330:
Eberth, David A.; & McCrea, Richard T. (2001). "Were large theropods gregarious?".
2030:
2003:
1731:
1470:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1351:
1343:
1337:
1308:
1282:
between the
Dinosaur Park tyrannosaurids is not well understood. In 1970, Dale Russell
1045:
749:
697:
122:
3747:
3085:
8103:
7929:
7775:
7736:
7715:
7594:
7587:
7514:
7308:
7281:
7139:
7055:
7033:
7026:
7019:
6962:
6879:
6742:
6714:
6701:
6625:
6502:
6342:
6176:
6107:
5993:
5980:
5725:
5703:
5696:
5660:
5633:
5585:
5509:
5245:
5036:
5010:
4926:
4907:
4900:
4837:
4816:
4795:
4780:
4766:
4725:
4691:
4684:
4603:
4455:
4342:
4335:
4262:
4232:
4221:
4111:
4082:
4075:
4001:
3735:
2478:
2351:
1740:
1691:
1630:
1538:
1504:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1428:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1167:
1021:
911:
709:
641:
617:
568:
516:
471:
447:
423:
373:
77:
3784:
3703:
3616:
3557:
3455:
3120:
3012:
2625:
2581:
1985:
1950:
Campione, Nicolas E.; Evans, David C.; Brown, Caleb M.; Carrano, Matthew T. (2014).
1653:
remains and the similar state of preservation common to the many individuals at the
7901:
7839:
7809:
7729:
7722:
7700:
7692:
7572:
7564:
7544:
7259:
7170:
7108:
6998:
6969:
6921:
6750:
6735:
6510:
6442:
6370:
6349:
6328:
6144:
6100:
5908:
5895:
5825:
5778:
5653:
5543:
5495:
5488:
5425:
5394:
5387:
5268:
5095:
4947:
4844:
4746:
4739:
4634:
4618:
4554:
4505:
4437:
4214:
4097:
4090:
4061:
4024:
3993:
3666:
3569:
3508:
3333:
3225:
3136:
2881:
2737:
2431:
2343:
1639:
1299:
846:
773:
757:
608:
492:
414:
331:
3302:
3167:
2617:
2020:
8066:
7955:
7936:
7866:
7816:
7802:
7744:
7685:
7630:
7507:
7301:
7177:
7146:
7062:
7048:
6780:
6728:
6596:
6518:
6481:
6363:
6335:
6288:
6208:
6086:
5943:
5794:
5767:
5667:
5614:
5550:
5529:
5502:
5253:
5066:
5059:
5045:
4871:
4718:
4709:
4611:
4582:
4512:
4477:
4470:
4270:
4248:
4241:
4200:
4192:
4168:
4153:
4132:
4040:
4032:
3112:
3081:
2786:
2399:
1685:
1679:
1500:
1490:
1460:
1418:
1384:
1124:
1093:
928:
841:
781:
703:
647:
623:
562:
measured up to 8 to 9 m (26 to 30 ft) long, while rare individuals of
546:
526:
465:
459:
453:
429:
383:
52:
8057:
3236:(Second ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 111–136.
1335:
appears more common in northern formations like
Dinosaur Park, with species of
1278:
by anatomical, behavioral, or geographical differences that limit competition.
7894:
7823:
7768:
7389:
7188:
7005:
6991:
6976:
6928:
6862:
6788:
6610:
6603:
6589:
6495:
6428:
6356:
6320:
6273:
6215:
6201:
6168:
6160:
6153:
6134:
5957:
5922:
5710:
5311:
5102:
5052:
4989:
4960:
4915:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4802:
4698:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4626:
4546:
4417:
4293:
4146:
4009:
3868:
3541:
3276:"Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans"
2837:"Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs"
1705:
1670:
1662:
1609:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1528:
1412:
A graph showing the hypothesized growth curves (body mass versus age) of four
1397:
1295:
1291:
1283:
805:
227:
114:
97:
62:
17:
3776:
3695:
3647:
3608:
3570:"A New Method to Calculate Allometric Length-Mass Relationships of Dinosaurs"
3549:
2968:"Tyrannosaur life tables: an example of nonavian dinosaur population biology"
2652:
2573:
780:. Other experts maintain the two genera as separate. Canadian paleontologist
7915:
7908:
7608:
7601:
7274:
7266:
7197:
6850:
6568:
6114:
6018:
5753:
5338:
5223:
5210:
5137:
5073:
4996:
4975:
4732:
4595:
4403:
4390:
4308:
4160:
3979:
3966:
3929:
3838:
3198:
2996:
1976:
1951:
1674:
1650:
1558:
1451:
1069:
832:
240:
181:
118:
102:
46:
3321:
3186:
3004:
2914:
2873:
2039:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1624:
3430:(2007). "A reevaluation of cooperative pack hunting and gregariousness in
2519:
2517:
8051:
7499:
6907:
6900:
6872:
6765:
6265:
5646:
4982:
4809:
4570:
4207:
3886:
3862:
3280:
3145:
1744:
1511:
214:
201:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
3633:"Head-biting behavior in theropod dinosaurs: paleopathological evidence"
2928:
has been checked and does not affect the cited material, please replace
2906:
2865:
7040:
6802:
6532:
6435:
5760:
5081:
3488:
2925:
2709:"Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurids from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta"
1722:
107:
82:
2157:
2155:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
7708:
7396:
4823:
3856:
801:
736:
have led many experts to combine them into one genus over the years.
584:
521:
191:
8028:
3069:
2696:
2262:
6539:
6280:
6222:
1623:
1407:
628:
580:
535:
509:
496:
491:, they are more slender and have shorter, flatter skulls, shorter
434:
360:
1699:) have been found in aggregations, as have larger predators like
1550:
are rare because they simply did not die as often as adults did.
808:, and elsewhere in North America may help clarify the situation.
7972:
6582:
3477:
National Museum of
Natural Sciences Publications in Paleontology
1643:
1618:
1436:
1423:
531:
8032:
7470:
6699:
5893:
5208:
4388:
3964:
3849:
3811:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1922:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
839:. They were recognized in the 2014 analysis of the new genus
405:
of United States and Canada. The subfamily was first used by
3807:
2638:"Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids"
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
760:
doubted the distinction of the two genera as early as 1922.
3769:
10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0401:GCFACT>2.0.CO;2
3601:
10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2
2797:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 313–324.
2566:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2
2523:
2311:-related Popular Culture Events and Activities in Canada".
2208:
2206:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1446:
and colleagues have studied the growth and life history of
2750:"Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs"
2457:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 91–105.
3688:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2
3470:"Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada"
3448:
10.3374/0079-032X(2007)48[103:AROCPH]2.0.CO;2
3042:(2010). "A revised life table and survivorship curve for
651:. However, this classification has not been accepted and
457:. However, this classification has not been accepted and
3141:"A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World"
2294:
1903:
1388:
were widespread throughout western North
America, while
784:
claims there are as many anatomical differences between
503:
share arms of about equal length, with the exception of
2402:(1995). "Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of
2161:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2087:
2085:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1262:
In the middle stages of the
Dinosaur Park Formation,
3803:. Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
3509:"A New Study of the Brain of the Predatory Dinosaur
1945:
1943:
544:
was smaller than some other tyrannosaurids, such as
379:
369:
338:
8041:
7954:
7849:
7792:
7754:
7671:
7644:
7554:
7524:
7483:
7381:
7349:
7291:
7241:
7214:
7187:
7156:
7129:
7118:
7077:
6942:
6890:
6861:
6823:
6812:
6712:
6624:
6558:
6480:
6411:
6387:
6299:
6247:
6187:
6143:
6132:
6076:
6044:
5991:
5941:
5906:
5824:
5777:
5724:
5686:
5632:
5583:
5519:
5478:
5454:
5423:
5377:
5347:
5336:
5221:
5136:
5035:
4946:
4925:
4861:
4764:
4708:
4674:
4581:
4526:
4495:
4435:
4401:
4327:
4307:
4231:
4178:
4059:
3977:
3928:
3901:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1328:alongside the remains of at least five hadrosaurs.
1266:lived alongside a rarer species of tyrannosaurine,
3397:
3367:
3345:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1934:
852:. Albertosaurinae was recovered as including only
3716:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3436:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
3404:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p.
2596:(2004). "Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs".
2455:Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives
2064:
1997:
1995:
1800:
1546:, rather than bias, and that fossils of juvenile
3046:based on the Dry Island mass death assemblage".
2103:
1729:of Montana contains at least three specimens of
1838:
1495:tyrannosaurids. This pattern is seen in modern
1358:. At the end of the later Maastrichtian stage,
113:Posssible ghost lineage dating to at least the
1499:, whose hatchlings start off as tree-dwelling
740:was named first, so by convention it is given
3823:
2377:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 45–50.
2282:
1817:
1306:dinosaurs) were left to the more heavy built
663:. This classification has not been accepted.
639:, it was found that the group also contained
445:, it was found that the group also contained
8:
2212:
2173:
3374:. New York: Simos & Schuster. pp.
2535:
8029:
7760:
7677:
7652:
7536:
7532:
7491:
7480:
7467:
7378:
7346:
7162:
7126:
7085:
6954:
6950:
6835:
6831:
6820:
6720:
6709:
6696:
6487:
6477:
6393:
6305:
6193:
6140:
6050:
6003:
5999:
5949:
5914:
5903:
5890:
5821:
5730:
5638:
5591:
5460:
5435:
5431:
5359:
5355:
5344:
5229:
5218:
5205:
5133:
4952:
4943:
4772:
4587:
4538:
4534:
4447:
4443:
4409:
4398:
4385:
4184:
4067:
3985:
3974:
3961:
3907:
3898:
3846:
3830:
3816:
3808:
2224:
1507:capable of taking down large vertebrates.
615:dinosaurs. It was originally defined as "(
421:dinosaurs. It was originally defined as "(
147:
130:
31:
3714:(1982). "Speeds and gaits of dinosaurs".
3590:
3311:
3301:
3176:
3166:
2052:
2029:
2019:
1975:
483:Albertosaurines are large, lightly built
3434:and other nonavian theropod dinosaurs".
2313:Alberta Palæontological Society Bulletin
2076:
2307:Tanke, Darren H. (2011). "A History of
1855:
1780:
1587:specimens are known from one locality.
1294:, while the rarer and more troublesome
3400:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
2942:|...|checked=yes}}
2134:
2115:
2091:
1392:were rare and the albertosaurines and
2162:Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer 2005
2146:
1878:
507:, which had short arms for its size.
7:
2197:
2185:
748:, which is sometimes considered its
631:. This group is the sister clade to
1432:is shown as red. Based on Erickson
1116:
1109:
1085:
1061:
1037:
1013:
963:
956:
903:
893:
883:
437:. The group is the sister clade to
3675:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3578:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3049:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2676:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2554:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2481:; & Currie, Philip J. (2006).
2412:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2332:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2243:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
25:
8013:
8007:
8000:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7432:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6662:
6656:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
4371:
4365:
3370:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
1956:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
1765:Timeline of tyrannosaur research
599:The subfamily was first used by
397:, or dinosaurs of the subfamily
168:
1801:Currie, Hurum & Sabath 2003
1719:Field Museum of Natural History
1628:Bronze sculptures of a pack of
1615:Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
1503:and slowly mature into massive
728:The close similarities between
655:is still considered a juvenile
463:is still considered a juvenile
3199:"RE: Burpee Conference (LONG)"
2432:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011256
2344:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852
1935:Christiansen & Fariña 2004
1320:200) from the contemporaneous
595:Classification and systematics
27:Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
1:
3513:(Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)"
2758:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2717:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2065:Therrien & Henderson 2007
1557:life history postulates that
1290:actively hunted fleet-footed
1274:are separated into different
3736:10.1016/0031-0182(82)90005-0
3351:(6): 367–385. Archived from
3303:10.1371/journal.pone.0079420
3168:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287
2618:10.1080/08912960412331284313
2453:; Currie, Philip J. (eds.).
2104:Saveliev & Alifanov 2007
2021:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
1709:. There is some evidence of
669:is a member of the theropod
495:, and proportionally longer
8120:Campanian first appearances
3113:10.1080/0891296031000154687
2496:(1): 71–118. Archived from
1839:Fiorillo & Tykoski 2014
764:was formally reassigned to
695:, including genera such as
627:)", including only the two
433:)", including only the two
8146:
8125:Maastrichtian extinctions
7997:
7763:
7680:
7655:
7539:
7535:
7494:
7479:
7466:
7430:
7377:
7345:
7165:
7088:
6957:
6953:
6838:
6834:
6723:
6708:
6695:
6654:
6490:
6476:
6396:
6308:
6196:
6053:
6006:
6002:
5952:
5917:
5902:
5889:
5858:
5820:
5733:
5641:
5594:
5463:
5438:
5434:
5362:
5358:
5232:
5217:
5204:
5166:
5132:
4955:
4775:
4590:
4541:
4537:
4450:
4446:
4412:
4397:
4384:
4362:
4187:
4070:
3988:
3973:
3960:
3910:
3897:
3845:
3646:: 167–184. Archived from
3542:10.1134/S0031030107030070
3044:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
2795:The Carnivorous Dinosaurs
2651:: 271–277. Archived from
2375:Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
2356:(published abstract only)
2283:Roach & Brinkman 2007
2239:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
1312:. However, a specimen of
1164:
1138:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1083:
1066:
1059:
1042:
1035:
1018:
1011:
985:
968:
961:
954:
925:
908:
901:
891:
818:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
734:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
645:, often synonymized with
451:, often synonymized with
366:
359:
343:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
337:
330:
165:Scientific classification
163:
155:
146:
138:
129:
34:
2373:; Padian, Kevin (eds.).
2213:Farlow & Pianka 2002
2174:Matthew & Brown 1922
3756:Journal of Paleontology
3521:Paleontological Journal
3432:Deinonychus antirrhopus
3201:. Dinosaur Mailing List
2997:10.1126/science.1125721
2536:Tanke & Currie 1998
2369:(1997). "Behavior". In
1977:10.1111/2041-210X.12226
1725:, and a bonebed in the
1375:Edmontosaurus annectens
8110:Taxa described in 2003
2447:Syntarsus rhodesiensis
1727:Two Medicine Formation
1697:Syntarsus rhodesiensis
1646:
1440:
1322:Two Medicine Formation
989:Daspletosaurus horneri
972:Daspletosaurus torosus
770:Albertosaurus libratus
754:William Diller Matthew
679:Albertosaurus libratus
538:
499:. Albertosaurines and
8082:Paleobiology Database
6389:Carcharodontosaurinae
6301:Carcharodontosauridae
2934:|...}}
2791:Carpenter, Kenneth J.
2398:Maxwell, W. Desmond;
1627:
1411:
1280:Niche differentiation
828:Albertosaurinae is a
792:as there are between
513:
8130:Dinosaur subfamilies
7382:Dubious coelurosaurs
6078:Metriacanthosaurinae
6046:Metriacanthosauridae
4328:Dubious neotheropods
3505:Kurochkin, Evgeny N.
3222:Weishampel, David B.
2742:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr.
2295:Erickson et al. 2010
1923:Erickson et al. 2004
1904:Erickson et al. 2006
1711:gregarious behaviour
1649:The near-absence of
1480:, but comparable to
1302:(horned and heavily
814:Gorgosaurus libratus
762:Gorgosaurus libratus
730:Gorgosaurus libratus
675:Gorgosaurus libratus
554:. Typical adults of
6402:Carcharodontosaurus
6189:Carcharodontosauria
3728:1982PPP....38..227T
3534:2007PalJ...41..281S
3294:2013PLoSO...879420L
3159:2014PLoSO...991287F
3105:2002HBio...16...21F
3062:2010CaJES..47.1269E
2989:2006Sci...313..213E
2907:10.1038/nature16487
2866:10.1038/nature02699
2858:2004Natur.430..772E
2689:2003CaJES..40..651C
2610:2004HBio...16...85C
2424:1995JVPal..15..707M
2255:2010CaJES..47.1227B
1968:2014MEcEv...5..913C
1636:Royal Tyrell Museum
812:has suggested that
514:Size comparison of
7874:Archaeornithomimus
6378:Veterupristisaurus
6238:Veterupristisaurus
6094:Metriacanthosaurus
6034:Piatnitzkysauridae
5469:Eustreptospondylus
5379:Piatnitzkysauridae
5262:Chuandongocoelurus
4126:Notatesseraeraptor
3511:Tarbosaurus bataar
3218:"Tyrannosauroidea"
3093:Historical Biology
2598:Historical Biology
2524:Currie et al. 2005
2451:Carpenter, Kenneth
1818:Loewen et al. 2013
1647:
1613:assemblage at the
1441:
677:(sometimes called
539:
8097:
8096:
8035:Taxon identifiers
8026:
8025:
8022:
8021:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7756:Macrocheiriformes
7673:Ornithomimosauria
7647:Maniraptoriformes
7640:
7639:
7486:Maniraptoromorpha
7473:Maniraptoromorpha
7462:
7461:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7351:Maniraptoromorpha
7341:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7073:
7072:
6938:
6937:
6892:Proceratosauridae
6844:Chingkankousaurus
6691:
6690:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6620:
6619:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
5885:
5884:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5720:
5719:
5676:Vallibonavenatrix
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5419:
5418:
5200:
5199:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5111:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4522:
4521:
4380:
4379:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4303:
4302:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3801:"Albertosaurinae"
3415:978-0-691-13720-9
3385:978-0-671-61946-6
3243:978-0-520-24209-8
3230:Osmólska, Halszka
2983:(5784): 213–217.
2852:(7001): 772–775.
2804:978-0-253-34539-4
2746:Osmólska, Halszka
2479:Coria, Rodolfo A.
2464:978-0-521-43810-0
2384:978-0-12-226810-6
2371:Currie, Philip J.
1534:preservation bias
1365:Tyrannosaurus rex
1276:ecological niches
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1153:
1152:
1000:
999:
940:
939:
392:
391:
326:
16:(Redirected from
8137:
8090:
8089:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8030:
8017:
8011:
8004:
7860:Aepyornithomimus
7761:
7678:
7653:
7617:Sinocalliopteryx
7537:
7533:
7527:Neocoelurosauria
7492:
7481:
7468:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7436:
7379:
7347:
7316:Zhuchengtyrannus
7232:Thanatotheristes
7163:
7127:
7094:Appalachiosaurus
7086:
6955:
6951:
6945:Pantyrannosauria
6836:
6832:
6826:Tyrannosauroidea
6821:
6796:Xinjiangovenator
6721:
6710:
6697:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6660:
6488:
6478:
6394:
6314:Acrocanthosaurus
6306:
6194:
6141:
6067:Yangchuanosaurus
6051:
6004:
6000:
5950:
5931:Lourinhanosaurus
5915:
5904:
5891:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5822:
5788:Sigilmassasaurus
5731:
5688:Ceratosuchopsini
5639:
5592:
5537:Dubreuillosaurus
5461:
5444:Streptospondylus
5436:
5432:
5402:Piatnitzkysaurus
5360:
5356:
5345:
5230:
5219:
5206:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5134:
4969:Ekrixinatosaurus
4953:
4944:
4773:
4588:
4539:
4535:
4448:
4444:
4410:
4399:
4386:
4375:
4369:
4279:Procompsognathus
4185:
4068:
3986:
3975:
3962:
3908:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3847:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3809:
3804:
3788:
3752:
3744:Varricchio, D.J.
3739:
3722:(3–4): 227–256.
3707:
3671:
3654:
3652:
3637:
3620:
3594:
3574:
3561:
3517:
3492:
3474:
3459:
3419:
3403:
3389:
3373:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3247:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3124:
3090:
3073:
3056:(9): 1269–1275.
3023:
3021:
3015:. Archived from
2972:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2920:Retraction Watch
2899:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2884:. Archived from
2841:
2808:
2766:
2754:
2725:
2713:
2700:
2672:
2659:
2657:
2642:
2629:
2590:Christiansen, P.
2585:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:on 26 March 2009
2502:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2249:(9): 1227–1251.
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2023:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1882:
1876:
1859:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1659:La Brea Tar Pits
1553:A hypothesis of
1444:Gregory Erickson
1286:the more common
1142:Zhuchengtyrannus
1117:
1110:
1086:
1062:
1038:
1014:
964:
957:
904:
894:
884:
874:Anthony Fiorillo
816:is ancestral to
717:Relationship of
688:Appalachiosaurus
601:Philip J. Currie
407:Philip J. Currie
381:
371:
340:
315:
310:
297:
284:
270:Pantyrannosauria
268:
254:Tyrannosauroidea
252:
173:
172:
151:
134:
112:
49:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
8145:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8085:
8080:
8073:Albertosaurinae
8071:
8070:
8065:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8043:Albertosaurinae
8037:
8027:
8018:
8005:
7979:
7942:
7923:Sinornithomimus
7845:
7788:
7750:
7667:
7661:Compsognathidae
7649:
7636:
7624:Sinosauropteryx
7556:Compsognathidae
7550:
7529:
7520:
7488:
7475:
7458:
7457:
7443:
7416:
7411:Shanyangosaurus
7404:Phaedrolosaurus
7365:
7321:
7287:
7237:
7216:Daspletosaurini
7210:
7183:
7158:Tyrannosaurinae
7152:
7131:Albertosaurinae
7123:
7121:Tyrannosauridae
7114:
7082:
7080:Eutyrannosauria
7069:
6947:
6934:
6915:Proceratosaurus
6886:
6857:
6828:
6817:
6808:
6774:Richardoestesia
6758:Chilantaisaurus
6717:
6704:
6687:
6686:
6667:
6640:
6616:
6576:Australovenator
6554:
6548:Chilantaisaurus
6526:Phuwiangvenator
6448:
6413:Giganotosaurini
6407:
6383:
6295:
6258:Chilantaisaurus
6243:
6183:
6137:
6120:
6072:
6040:
5996:
5987:
5965:Monolophosaurus
5946:
5937:
5911:
5898:
5881:
5880:
5866:
5840:
5800:
5773:
5739:Camarillasaurus
5716:
5682:
5628:
5622:Ostafrikasaurus
5600:Camarillasaurus
5588:
5571:
5521:Afrovenatorinae
5515:
5474:
5450:
5428:
5415:
5373:
5352:
5350:Megalosauroidea
5341:
5332:
5327:Vectaerovenator
5320:Szechuanosaurus
5298:Monolophosaurus
5284:Kaijiangosaurus
5277:Cryolophosaurus
5238:Calamospondylus
5226:
5213:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5152:
5108:
5089:Pycnonemosaurus
5031:
4942:
4936:Majungasaurinae
4921:
4863:Majungasaurinae
4857:
4852:Xenotarsosaurus
4788:Dryptosauroides
4769:
4752:
4704:
4676:Elaphrosaurinae
4670:
4577:
4563:Ornithomimoides
4531:
4518:
4491:
4440:
4431:
4406:
4393:
4376:
4370:
4348:
4323:
4299:
4227:
4174:
4140:Shuangbaisaurus
4064:
4055:
3982:
3969:
3944:
3924:
3918:Avemetatarsalia
3903:Avemetatarsalia
3893:
3878:Avemetatarsalia
3852:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3750:
3742:
3710:
3669:
3663:Henderson, D.M.
3657:
3650:
3635:
3623:
3572:
3564:
3515:
3495:
3472:
3464:
3422:
3416:
3392:
3386:
3362:
3355:
3340:
3328:
3260:Sertich, J.J.W.
3250:
3244:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3129:Fiorillo, A. R.
3127:
3088:
3076:
3070:10.1139/E10-051
3026:
3019:
2970:
2950:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2901:(Erratum:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2839:
2817:Makovicky, P.J.
2811:
2805:
2779:Koppelhus, E.B.
2769:
2752:
2728:
2711:
2703:
2697:10.1139/e02-083
2670:
2662:
2655:
2640:
2632:
2588:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2410:associations".
2400:Ostrom, John H.
2397:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2367:Horner, John R.
2365:
2364:
2360:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2270:
2263:10.1139/e10-029
2236:
2235:
2231:
2225:Varricchio 2001
2223:
2219:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2014:(5): e1001853.
2001:
2000:
1993:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1910:
1902:
1885:
1877:
1862:
1854:
1845:
1837:
1824:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1761:
1717:mounted in the
1601:
1573:African buffalo
1520:
1466:tyrannosaurines
1456:Sexual maturity
1406:
1360:tyrannosaurines
1348:tyrannosaurines
1260:
1251:Coexistence of
1248:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1154:
1001:
951:Tyrannosaurinae
941:
898:Albertosaurinae
888:Tyrannosauridae
826:
810:Gregory S. Paul
726:
693:Tyrannosauridae
633:Tyrannosaurinae
597:
501:tyrannosaurines
489:tyrannosaurines
481:
439:Tyrannosaurinae
403:Late Cretaceous
401:, lived in the
399:Albertosaurinae
395:Albertosaurines
355:
346:
314:
312:Albertosaurinae
308:
299:Tyrannosauridae
295:
286:Eutyrannosauria
282:
266:
250:
167:
125:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
40:Late Cretaceous
36:
35:Albertosaurines
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8143:
8141:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8115:Tyrannosaurids
8112:
8102:
8101:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8078:
8063:
8047:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8033:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7969:
7960:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7933:
7926:
7919:
7912:
7905:
7898:
7891:
7888:Dromiceiomimus
7884:
7877:
7870:
7863:
7855:
7853:
7851:Ornithomimidae
7847:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7836:
7832:Paraxenisaurus
7828:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7798:
7796:
7794:Deinocheiridae
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7783:Shenzhousaurus
7779:
7772:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7733:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7697:
7689:
7681:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7656:
7650:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7605:
7598:
7591:
7584:
7580:Beipiaognathus
7576:
7569:
7560:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7540:
7530:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7495:
7489:
7484:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7451:
7437:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7385:
7383:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7355:
7353:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7305:
7297:
7295:
7293:Tyrannosaurini
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7263:
7256:
7252:Bistahieversor
7247:
7245:
7243:Teratophoneini
7239:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7228:
7225:Daspletosaurus
7220:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7205:Qianzhousaurus
7201:
7193:
7191:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7174:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7143:
7135:
7133:
7124:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7105:
7101:Bistahieversor
7097:
7089:
7083:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6973:
6966:
6958:
6948:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6896:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6866:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6847:
6839:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6815:Tyrannoraptora
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6777:
6770:
6762:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6732:
6724:
6718:
6713:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6680:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6564:
6562:
6560:Megaraptoridae
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6544:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:
6507:
6499:
6491:
6485:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6422:Giganotosaurus
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6285:
6277:
6270:
6262:
6253:
6251:
6249:Neovenatoridae
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6234:
6231:Ulughbegsaurus
6227:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6197:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6173:
6165:
6157:
6149:
6147:
6138:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6059:Xuanhanosaurus
6054:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6030:
6026:Xuanhanosaurus
6022:
6015:
6012:Asfaltovenator
6007:
5997:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5977:
5973:Megalosauridae
5969:
5961:
5953:
5947:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5918:
5912:
5907:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5874:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5791:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5747:Ichthyovenator
5743:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5692:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5672:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5618:
5611:
5608:Cristatusaurus
5604:
5595:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5565:Poekilopleuron
5561:
5558:Piveteausaurus
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5484:
5482:
5480:Megalosaurinae
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5464:
5458:
5456:Megalosauridae
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5409:Xuanhanosaurus
5405:
5398:
5391:
5383:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5368:Yunyangosaurus
5363:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5308:
5305:Pandoravenator
5301:
5294:
5291:Kayentavenator
5287:
5280:
5273:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5242:
5233:
5227:
5222:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5019:Skorpiovenator
5015:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4956:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4831:Spectrovenator
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4770:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4680:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4665:Spinostropheus
4661:
4654:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4542:
4532:
4529:Abelisauroidea
4527:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4499:
4497:Ceratosauridae
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4486:Saltriovenator
4482:
4474:
4467:
4463:Fosterovenator
4459:
4451:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:Lophostropheus
4421:
4413:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4286:Pterospondylus
4282:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4256:Lucianovenator
4252:
4245:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4182:
4180:Coelophysoidea
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4119:Lophostropheus
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4018:Erythrovenator
4014:
4006:
3998:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3911:
3905:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3850:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3794:External links
3792:
3790:
3789:
3763:(2): 401–406.
3740:
3712:Thulborn, R.A.
3708:
3682:(1): 108–115.
3659:Therrien, F.O.
3655:
3653:on 2008-02-27.
3621:
3592:10.1.1.462.255
3562:
3528:(3): 281–289.
3501:Alifanov, V.R.
3497:Saveliev, S.V.
3493:
3461:
3460:
3442:(1): 103–138.
3428:Brinkman, D.T.
3420:
3414:
3390:
3384:
3360:
3358:on 2014-04-16.
3326:
3288:(11): e79420.
3272:Evans, David C
3268:Sampson, S. D.
3248:
3242:
3234:The Dinosauria
3214:Holtz, T.R.Jr.
3210:
3197:(2005-09-20).
3195:Holtz, T.R.Jr.
3191:
3133:Tykoski, R. S.
3125:
3074:
3028:Erickson, G.M.
3024:
3022:on 2010-07-18.
2952:Erickson, G.M.
2948:
2813:Erickson, G.M.
2809:
2803:
2767:
2726:
2701:
2683:(4): 651–665.
2660:
2658:on 2009-03-26.
2630:
2604:(2–4): 85–92.
2586:
2560:(1): 119–143.
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2513:
2470:
2463:
2437:
2418:(4): 707–712.
2390:
2383:
2358:
2322:
2299:
2287:
2268:
2229:
2217:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2151:
2139:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2053:Seebacher 2001
2045:
1991:
1962:(9): 913–923.
1939:
1927:
1908:
1883:
1860:
1843:
1822:
1805:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1747:. Even though
1732:Daspletosaurus
1638:, designed by
1600:
1599:Pack behaviour
1597:
1519:
1516:
1505:apex predators
1497:Komodo dragons
1471:Daspletosaurus
1448:tyrannosaurids
1414:tyrannosaurids
1405:
1402:
1394:centrosaurines
1390:lambeosaurines
1380:chasmosaurines
1352:chasmosaurines
1344:lambeosaurines
1338:Daspletosaurus
1326:Daspletosaurus
1314:Daspletosaurus
1309:Daspletosaurus
1300:ankylosaurians
1268:Daspletosaurus
1259:
1257:Daspletosaurus
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:Bistahieversor
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
984:
981:
980:
977:
976:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
947:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
907:
902:
900:
892:
890:
882:
878:Ronald Tykoski
850:tyrannosaurine
837:tyrannosaurids
825:
822:
794:Daspletosaurus
750:junior synonym
744:over the name
725:
715:
698:Daspletosaurus
611:as a group of
596:
593:
487:. Compared to
485:tyrannosaurids
480:
477:
417:as a group of
390:
389:
388:
387:
377:
364:
363:
357:
356:
347:
335:
334:
328:
327:
306:
302:
301:
293:
289:
288:
280:
273:
272:
264:
257:
256:
248:
244:
243:
238:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
161:
160:
153:
152:
144:
143:
136:
135:
127:
126:
123:Tyrannosaurine
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
37:
26:
24:
18:Albertosaurine
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8142:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8088:
8083:
8079:
8074:
8068:
8064:
8059:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8031:
8016:
8012:
8010:
8003:
7974:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7939:
7938:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7930:Struthiomimus
7927:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7881:"Coelosaurus"
7878:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7814:
7812:
7811:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7776:Pelecanimimus
7773:
7771:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7747:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:Thecocoelurus
7734:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7716:Kinnareemimus
7713:
7711:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7670:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7643:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7597:
7596:
7595:Huaxiagnathus
7592:
7590:
7589:
7588:Compsognathus
7585:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7515:Ornitholestes
7512:
7510:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7469:
7465:
7455:
7450:
7448:
7441:
7435:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7309:Tyrannosaurus
7306:
7304:
7303:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7282:Teratophoneus
7279:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7140:Albertosaurus
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7076:
7065:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7056:Xiongguanlong
7053:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7034:Suskityrannus
7031:
7029:
7028:
7027:Stokesosaurus
7024:
7022:
7021:
7020:Santanaraptor
7017:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6963:Alectrosaurus
6960:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6941:
6931:
6930:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6881:
6880:Tanycolagreus
6877:
6875:
6874:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:Bahariasaurus
6740:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6715:Coelurosauria
6711:
6707:
6703:
6702:Coelurosauria
6698:
6694:
6684:
6679:
6677:
6672:
6665:
6659:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6626:Coelurosauria
6623:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:Bahariasaurus
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6343:Kelmayisaurus
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6178:
6177:Saurophaganax
6174:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6131:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6108:Siamotyrannus
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5994:Allosauroidea
5990:
5983:
5982:
5981:Spinosauridae
5978:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5940:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5888:
5878:
5873:
5871:
5864:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:Spinosaurinae
5723:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5704:Riparovenator
5701:
5699:
5698:
5697:Ceratosuchops
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5661:Riojavenatrix
5658:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Baryonychinae
5631:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5586:Spinosauridae
5582:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5510:Wiehenvenator
5507:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5422:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:Chienkosaurus
5243:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5037:Furileusauria
5034:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:Rahiolisaurus
5008:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4927:Carnotaurinae
4924:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:Rahiolisaurus
4905:
4903:
4902:
4901:Majungasaurus
4898:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4838:Tarascosaurus
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:Eoabelisaurus
4793:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:Chenanisaurus
4778:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4767:Abelisauridae
4763:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4726:Masiakasaurus
4723:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4692:Huinculsaurus
4689:
4687:
4686:
4685:Elaphrosaurus
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:Austrocheirus
4601:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4456:Berberosaurus
4453:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4374:
4368:
4345:
4344:
4343:Halticosaurus
4340:
4338:
4337:
4336:Teinurosaurus
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:Megapnosaurus
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4233:Coelophysidae
4230:
4224:
4223:
4222:Powellvenator
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4112:Liliensternus
4109:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:Dolichosuchus
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:Dilophosaurus
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4049:Herrerasauria
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:Daemonosaurus
3999:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3566:Seebacher, F.
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:(1–6): 1–34.
3482:
3478:
3471:
3467:
3466:Russell, D.A.
3463:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:Matthew, W.D.
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3264:Currie, P. J.
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:Dodson, Peter
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:(3): e91287.
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3137:Dodson, Peter
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2891:on 2011-10-06
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:(2): 227–234.
2764:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:(2): 191–226.
2723:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:Geodiversitas
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:Tenontosaurus
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:Albertosaurus
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:Thulborn 1982
2073:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:Albertosaurus
1746:
1742:
1741:Komodo dragon
1738:
1737:Albertosaurus
1734:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:Tyrannosaurus
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1692:Megapnosaurus
1688:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:Albertosaurus
1652:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:Albertosaurus
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:Albertosaurus
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:Albertosaurus
1586:
1585:Albertosaurus
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:Albertosaurus
1560:
1556:
1555:Albertosaurus
1551:
1549:
1548:Albertosaurus
1545:
1541:
1540:
1539:Albertosaurus
1535:
1530:
1525:
1524:Albertosaurus
1517:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:Albertosaurus
1479:
1478:
1477:Tyrannosaurus
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1429:Albertosaurus
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:hadrosaurines
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:hadrosaurines
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:Tyrannosaurus
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:Teratophoneus
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
992:
991:
990:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
973:
966:
965:
959:
958:
952:
949:
948:
945:
944:
936:
935:
932:
931:
930:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
913:
912:Albertosaurus
906:
905:
899:
896:
895:
889:
886:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Albertosaurus
859:
855:
854:Albertosaurus
851:
848:
844:
843:
838:
834:
831:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Tyrannosaurus
795:
791:
787:
786:Albertosaurus
783:
779:
778:Albertosaurus
775:
771:
767:
766:Albertosaurus
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Albertosaurus
735:
731:
724:
723:Albertosaurus
720:
716:
714:
712:
711:
710:Tyrannosaurus
706:
705:
700:
699:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:Albertosaurus
664:
662:
661:Tyrannosaurus
658:
654:
653:Maleevosaurus
650:
649:
644:
643:
642:Maleevosaurus
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
619:
618:Albertosaurus
614:
613:tyrannosaurid
610:
606:
605:Jørn H. Hurum
602:
594:
592:
590:
589:Albertosaurus
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
570:
569:Albertosaurus
565:
564:Albertosaurus
561:
557:
556:Albertosaurus
553:
552:Tyrannosaurus
549:
548:
543:
542:Albertosaurus
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
517:Albertosaurus
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
473:
472:Tyrannosaurus
468:
467:
462:
461:
460:Maleevosaurus
456:
455:
450:
449:
448:Maleevosaurus
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:Albertosaurus
420:
419:tyrannosaurid
416:
412:
411:Jørn H. Hurum
408:
404:
400:
396:
386:
385:
378:
376:
375:
374:Albertosaurus
368:
367:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
344:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
313:
307:
304:
303:
300:
294:
291:
290:
287:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
249:
247:Superfamily:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
141:
140:Albertosaurus
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
45:76.6–68
41:
33:
30:
19:
8042:
8006:
7935:
7928:
7921:
7914:
7907:
7902:Ornithomimus
7900:
7893:
7886:
7879:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7840:Tyrannomimus
7838:
7830:
7822:
7815:
7810:Deinocheirus
7808:
7801:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7743:
7735:
7730:Nqwebasaurus
7728:
7723:Nedcolbertia
7721:
7714:
7707:
7701:Calamosaurus
7699:
7693:Aviatyrannis
7691:
7684:
7659:
7629:
7622:
7615:
7607:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7578:
7573:Aristosuchus
7571:
7565:Aniksosaurus
7563:
7545:Aniksosaurus
7543:
7513:
7506:
7498:
7444:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7314:
7307:
7300:
7280:
7273:
7265:
7260:Dynamoterror
7258:
7250:
7230:
7223:
7203:
7196:
7176:
7171:Asiatyrannus
7169:
7145:
7138:
7130:
7109:Dryptosaurus
7107:
7099:
7092:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6999:Jinbeisaurus
6997:
6990:
6983:
6975:
6970:Aviatyrannis
6968:
6961:
6927:
6922:Sinotyrannus
6920:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6878:
6871:
6849:
6842:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6779:
6772:
6764:
6756:
6751:Bicentenaria
6749:
6741:
6736:Asiamericana
6734:
6727:
6668:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6546:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6511:Deltadromeus
6509:
6501:
6494:
6443:Tyrannotitan
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6400:
6376:
6371:Taurovenator
6369:
6362:
6355:
6350:Lajasvenator
6348:
6341:
6334:
6329:Concavenator
6327:
6319:
6312:
6287:
6279:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6236:
6229:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6175:
6167:
6159:
6152:
6145:Allosauridae
6113:
6106:
6101:Shidaisaurus
6099:
6092:
6085:
6065:
6057:
6032:
6024:
6017:
6010:
5979:
5971:
5963:
5956:
5929:
5921:
5909:Avetheropoda
5896:Avetheropoda
5867:
5826:Avetheropoda
5793:
5786:
5779:Spinosaurini
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5737:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5674:
5666:
5659:
5654:Protathlitis
5652:
5645:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5598:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5544:Leshansaurus
5542:
5535:
5528:
5508:
5501:
5496:Megalosaurus
5494:
5489:Duriavenator
5487:
5467:
5442:
5426:Megalosauria
5407:
5400:
5395:Marshosaurus
5393:
5388:Condorraptor
5386:
5366:
5325:
5318:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5269:Cruxicheiros
5267:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5101:
5096:Quilmesaurus
5094:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5024:
5017:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4959:
4948:Brachyrostra
4934:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4870:
4850:
4845:Tralkasaurus
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4786:
4779:
4747:Vespersaurus
4745:
4740:Velocisaurus
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4641:
4635:Deltadromeus
4633:
4625:
4619:Compsosuchus
4617:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4569:
4561:
4555:Lametasaurus
4553:
4545:
4511:
4506:Ceratosaurus
4504:
4484:
4476:
4469:
4461:
4454:
4438:Ceratosauria
4423:
4416:
4341:
4334:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4220:
4215:Podokesaurus
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4167:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4098:Gojirasaurus
4096:
4091:Dracovenator
4089:
4081:
4074:
4062:Neotheropoda
4047:
4039:
4031:
4025:Guaibasaurus
4023:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3994:Chindesaurus
3992:
3882:
3873:
3760:
3754:
3719:
3715:
3679:
3673:
3648:the original
3643:
3639:
3629:Currie, P.J.
3585:(1): 51–60.
3582:
3576:
3525:
3519:
3510:
3480:
3476:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3399:
3369:
3353:the original
3348:
3344:
3285:
3279:
3252:Loewen, M.A.
3233:
3203:. Retrieved
3150:
3144:
3099:(1): 21–40.
3096:
3092:
3082:Pianka, E.R.
3078:Farlow, J.O.
3053:
3047:
3043:
3036:Inouye, B.D.
3032:Currie, P.J.
3017:the original
2980:
2974:
2960:Inouye, B.D.
2956:Currie, P.J.
2938:{{
2930:{{
2919:
2917:,
2893:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2849:
2843:
2833:Brochu, C.A.
2825:Norell, M.A.
2821:Currie, P.J.
2794:
2771:Currie, P.J.
2762:
2756:
2730:Currie, P.J.
2721:
2715:
2705:Currie, P.J.
2680:
2674:
2664:Currie, P.J.
2653:the original
2648:
2644:
2634:Currie, P.J.
2601:
2597:
2594:Fariña, R.A.
2557:
2553:
2545:Bibliography
2531:
2505:. Retrieved
2498:the original
2493:
2489:
2473:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2374:
2361:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2290:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2220:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2142:
2111:
2099:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2011:
2008:PLOS Biology
2007:
1959:
1955:
1930:
1856:Russell 1970
1752:
1748:
1745:cannibalized
1736:
1730:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1671:ceratopsians
1668:
1654:
1648:
1640:Brian Cooley
1629:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1544:life history
1537:
1523:
1521:
1518:Life history
1509:
1501:insectivores
1489:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1459:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1422:is shown in
1417:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1313:
1307:
1296:ceratopsians
1287:
1284:hypothesized
1267:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1246:Paleobiology
1166:
1165:
1140:
1139:
1123:
1122:
1092:
1091:
1068:
1067:
1044:
1043:
1020:
1019:
987:
986:
970:
969:
927:
926:
910:
909:
897:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
840:
827:
817:
813:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
774:Dale Russell
769:
765:
761:
758:Barnum Brown
745:
737:
733:
729:
727:
722:
718:
708:
702:
696:
686:
683:Thomas Holtz
678:
674:
666:
665:
660:
656:
652:
646:
640:
622:
616:
609:Karol Sabath
598:
588:
578:
573:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
541:
540:
525:
515:
504:
482:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
428:
422:
415:Karol Sabath
398:
394:
393:
382:
372:
341:
332:Type species
319:
311:
276:
260:
234:
221:
208:
156:
139:
29:
8067:Wikispecies
7967:Maniraptora
7956:Maniraptora
7937:Tototlmimus
7867:Anserimimus
7817:Garudimimus
7803:Beishanlong
7745:Valdoraptor
7686:Arkansaurus
7631:Xunmenglong
7508:Juravenator
7302:Tarbosaurus
7178:Nanuqsaurus
7147:Gorgosaurus
7063:Megaraptora
7049:Timurlengia
6781:Sciurumimus
6729:Aratasaurus
6597:Murusraptor
6519:Fukuiraptor
6482:Megaraptora
6364:Shaochilong
6336:Eocarcharia
6289:Megaraptora
6209:Lusovenator
6087:Alpkarakush
5944:Carnosauria
5795:Spinosaurus
5768:Siamosaurus
5668:Suchosaurus
5615:Iberospinus
5551:Magnosaurus
5530:Afrovenator
5503:Torvosaurus
5254:Chilesaurus
5067:Carnotaurus
5060:Caletodraco
5046:Abelisaurus
4872:Arcovenator
4719:Laevisuchus
4710:Noasaurinae
4612:Berthasaura
4583:Noasauridae
4513:Genyodectes
4478:Lukousaurus
4471:Jubbulpuria
4271:Panguraptor
4249:Coelophysis
4242:Camposaurus
4201:Panguraptor
4193:Dracoraptor
4169:Zupaysaurus
4154:Tachiraptor
4133:Sarcosaurus
4033:Nhandumirim
3625:Tanke, D.H.
3424:Roach, B.T.
3256:Irmis, R.B.
2829:Yerby, S.A.
2775:Trexler, D.
2734:Hurum, J.H.
2408:Deinonychus
2319:(2): 12–30.
2135:Currie 2003
2116:Currie 2002
2092:Currie 2000
1753:Gorgosaurus
1686:Coelophysis
1680:Deinonychus
1593:Gorgosaurus
1522:Most known
1491:Gorgosaurus
1461:Gorgosaurus
1450:using bone
1419:Gorgosaurus
1385:Triceratops
1333:Gorgosaurus
1288:Gorgosaurus
1264:Gorgosaurus
1253:Gorgosaurus
1125:Tarbosaurus
1094:Nanuqsaurus
929:Gorgosaurus
870:Nanuqsaurus
866:Gorgosaurus
858:Gorgosaurus
842:Nanuqsaurus
790:Gorgosaurus
782:Phil Currie
746:Gorgosaurus
719:Gorgosaurus
704:Tarbosaurus
657:Tarbosaurus
648:Tarbosaurus
624:Gorgosaurus
574:Gorgosaurus
560:Gorgosaurus
547:Tarbosaurus
527:Gorgosaurus
505:Tarbosaurus
479:Description
466:Tarbosaurus
454:Tarbosaurus
430:Gorgosaurus
384:Gorgosaurus
305:Subfamily:
157:Gorgosaurus
142:skull cast
8104:Categories
7895:Gallimimus
7824:Harpymimus
7769:Harpymimus
7390:Iliosuchus
7360:see below↓
7189:Alioramini
7006:Juratyrant
6992:Eotyrannus
6977:Bagaraatan
6929:Yutyrannus
6863:Coeluridae
6789:Vayuraptor
6635:see below↓
6611:Tratayenia
6604:Orkoraptor
6590:Megaraptor
6496:Aoniraptor
6429:Mapusaurus
6357:Sauroniops
6321:Altispinax
6274:Neovenator
6216:Siamraptor
6202:Datanglong
6169:Epanterias
6161:Antrodemus
6154:Allosaurus
6135:Allosauria
5958:Altispinax
5923:Gasosaurus
5835:see below↓
5711:Suchomimus
5312:Sinosaurus
5147:see below↓
5103:Viavenator
5053:Aucasaurus
4990:Ilokelesia
4961:Dahalokely
4916:Rajasaurus
4894:Indosaurus
4887:Genusaurus
4879:Dahalokely
4803:Indosuchus
4699:Limusaurus
4658:Ligabueino
4651:Kiyacursor
4643:Genusaurus
4627:Dahalokely
4547:Betasuchus
4418:Dornraptor
4318:see below↓
4294:Segisaurus
4147:Sinosaurus
4010:Eodromaeus
3939:see below↓
3887:Dinosauria
3869:Sauropsida
3489:B0006C6VM8
3473:(Overview)
3394:Paul, G.S.
3364:Paul, G.S.
3205:2007-06-18
3040:Winn, A.A.
2964:Wynn, A.A.
2895:2014-04-16
2787:Murphy, N.
2738:Sabath, K.
2671:(abstract)
2507:2009-05-03
2147:Holtz 2005
1879:Holtz 2004
1771:References
1706:Mapusaurus
1701:Allosaurus
1675:hadrosaurs
1663:California
1610:Allosaurus
1581:hypothesis
1577:rhinoceros
1569:senescence
1559:hatchlings
1529:Dry Island
1292:hadrosaurs
806:New Mexico
228:Saurischia
215:Dinosauria
115:Cenomanian
7971:includes
7916:Rativates
7909:Qiupalong
7609:Scipionyx
7602:Mirischia
7275:Lythronax
7267:Labocania
7198:Alioramus
6851:Labocania
6569:Aerosteon
6115:Sinraptor
6019:Erectopus
5754:Irritator
5339:Orionides
5224:Tetanurae
5211:Tetanurae
5138:Tetanurae
5074:Elemgasem
4997:Llukalkan
4976:Elemgasem
4733:Noasaurus
4596:Afromimus
4404:Averostra
4391:Averostra
4309:Averostra
4161:Velocipes
3980:Theropoda
3967:Theropoda
3930:Theropoda
3855:Kingdom:
3839:Theropoda
3777:0022-3360
3696:0272-4634
3609:0272-4634
3587:CiteSeerX
3550:0031-0301
3334:Brown, B.
2924:. If the
2783:Wicks, K.
2574:0272-4634
2352:220414868
2198:Paul 2010
2186:Paul 1988
1776:Footnotes
1651:herbivore
1512:skeletons
1452:histology
1396:had gone
1070:Lythronax
833:subfamily
824:Phylogeny
241:Theropoda
188:Kingdom:
182:Eukaryota
119:Labocania
8058:Q2044915
8052:Wikidata
7500:Coelurus
6908:Kileskus
6901:Guanlong
6873:Coelurus
6766:Gualicho
6266:Gualicho
5647:Baryonyx
4983:Guemesia
4810:Kryptops
4571:Ozraptor
4208:Pendraig
3863:Chordata
3861:Phylum:
3857:Animalia
3785:86113170
3746:(2001).
3704:86025320
3665:(2007).
3631:(1998).
3617:53446536
3568:(2001).
3558:53529148
3503:(2007).
3468:(1970).
3456:84175628
3396:(2010).
3366:(1988).
3336:(1922).
3322:24223179
3281:PLoS ONE
3270:(2013).
3232:(eds.).
3216:(2004).
3187:24621577
3146:PLoS ONE
3135:(2014).
3121:18114585
3084:(2002).
3013:34191607
3005:16840697
2966:(2006).
2915:26675726
2874:15306807
2835:(2004).
2748:(eds.).
2740:(2003).
2707:(2003).
2666:(2002).
2636:(2000).
2626:84322349
2582:86243316
2040:24802911
1986:84317234
1759:See also
1304:armoured
742:priority
534:) and a
292:Family:
202:Chordata
198:Phylum:
192:Animalia
178:Domain:
7041:Timimus
6803:Zuolong
6533:Rapator
6436:Meraxes
5761:Oxalaia
5082:Koleken
4105:Lepidus
3867:Class:
3724:Bibcode
3530:Bibcode
3507:(ed.).
3313:3819173
3290:Bibcode
3274:(ed.).
3178:3951350
3155:Bibcode
3139:(ed.).
3101:Bibcode
3058:Bibcode
2985:Bibcode
2976:Science
2940:erratum
2932:erratum
2926:erratum
2882:4404887
2854:Bibcode
2793:(ed.).
2685:Bibcode
2606:Bibcode
2420:Bibcode
2251:Bibcode
2031:4011683
1964:Bibcode
1723:Chicago
1398:extinct
847:derived
524:) with
7709:Hexing
7397:Kakuru
6985:Dilong
5026:Thanos
5004:Niebla
4824:Rugops
4817:Kurupi
3783:
3775:
3702:
3694:
3615:
3607:
3589:
3556:
3548:
3487:
3454:
3412:
3382:
3320:
3310:
3240:
3185:
3175:
3119:
3011:
3003:
2913:
2909:,
2880:
2872:
2845:Nature
2801:
2624:
2580:
2572:
2461:
2449:". In
2381:
2350:
2038:
2028:
1984:
1689:, and
1575:, and
1434:et al.
1404:Growth
1378:, and
1354:, and
1272:guilds
802:Alaska
707:, and
685:found
671:family
629:genera
607:, and
585:hallux
522:yellow
497:tibiae
435:genera
413:, and
361:Genera
349:Osborn
320:et al.
317:Currie
159:skull
8087:67658
7973:birds
7013:Moros
6540:Siats
6281:Siats
6223:Siats
3883:Clade
3874:Clade
3781:S2CID
3751:(PDF)
3700:S2CID
3670:(PDF)
3651:(PDF)
3636:(PDF)
3613:S2CID
3573:(PDF)
3554:S2CID
3516:(PDF)
3452:S2CID
3356:(PDF)
3341:(PDF)
3220:. In
3117:S2CID
3089:(PDF)
3020:(PDF)
3009:S2CID
2971:(PDF)
2936:with
2889:(PDF)
2878:S2CID
2840:(PDF)
2753:(PDF)
2712:(PDF)
2656:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2622:S2CID
2578:S2CID
2501:(PDF)
2486:(PDF)
2348:S2CID
1982:S2CID
1468:like
1382:like
1372:like
1362:like
830:basal
772:) by
635:. In
581:torso
536:human
441:. In
277:Clade
261:Clade
235:Clade
222:Clade
209:Clade
121:is a
7965:see
6583:Maip
4041:Tawa
3916:see
3773:ISSN
3692:ISSN
3640:Gaia
3605:ISSN
3546:ISSN
3485:ASIN
3410:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3318:PMID
3238:ISBN
3183:PMID
3001:PMID
2911:PMID
2870:PMID
2799:ISBN
2645:Gaia
2570:ISSN
2459:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2036:PMID
1703:and
1673:and
1644:2007
1619:Utah
1591:and
1474:and
1437:2004
1426:and
1424:blue
1298:and
1255:and
876:and
864:and
856:and
845:, a
796:and
788:and
768:(as
756:and
732:and
721:and
637:2007
558:and
550:and
532:blue
493:ilia
443:2007
353:1905
324:2003
53:PreꞒ
3765:doi
3732:doi
3684:doi
3597:doi
3538:doi
3444:doi
3406:105
3376:464
3308:PMC
3298:doi
3173:PMC
3163:doi
3109:doi
3066:doi
2993:doi
2981:313
2903:doi
2862:doi
2850:430
2693:doi
2614:doi
2562:doi
2428:doi
2340:doi
2259:doi
2026:PMC
2016:doi
1972:doi
1721:in
1661:in
1642:in
1617:in
1318:OTM
872:by
835:of
659:or
469:or
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