138:
5859:
7991:
5852:
4356:
121:
5181:
5167:
7443:
6647:
7429:
5160:
1398:
7436:
4362:
5866:
159:
5174:
500:
8004:
6665:
1560:. The higher mortality rate in adults may explain their more common preservation. Very large animals were rare because few individuals survived long enough to attain such sizes. High infant mortality rates, followed by reduced mortality among juveniles and a sudden increase in mortality after sexual maturity, with very few animals reaching maximum size, is a pattern observed in many modern large mammals, including elephants,
6653:
6672:
7998:
7423:
6660:
1614:
1556:
with the onset of sexual maturity between the ages of fourteen and sixteen. This elevated mortality rate continued throughout adulthood, perhaps due to the high physiological demands of procreation, including stress and injuries received during intraspecific competition for mates and resources, and eventually, the ever-increasing effects of
1443:, which can determine the age of a specimen when it died. A growth curve can be developed when the ages of various individuals are plotted against their sizes on a graph. Tyrannosaurids grew throughout their lives, but underwent tremendous growth spurts for about four years, after an extended juvenile phase.
1483:
spent as much as half its life in the juvenile phase before ballooning up to near-maximum size in only a few years. This, along with the complete lack of predators intermediate in size between huge adult tyrannosaurids and other small theropods, suggests these niches may have been filled by juvenile
1555:
and more fleet of foot than most of their prey animals. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in their mortality rate and a corresponding rarity of fossil remains. Mortality rates doubled at age twelve, perhaps the result of the physiological demands of the rapid growth phase, and then doubled again
1610:. The group seems to be composed of one very old adult, eight adults between 17 and 23 years old, seven sub-adults undergoing their rapid growth phases at between 12 and 16 years old, and six juveniles between the ages of 2 and 11 years that had not yet reached the growth phase.
1330:
more abundant to the south. The same pattern is seen in other groups of dinosaurs. Chasmosaurine ceratopsians and hadrosaurine hadrosaurs are also more common in the Two
Medicine Formation of Montana and in southwestern North America during the Campanian, while centrosaurine and
1520:
bonebed, weighed an estimated 50 kg (110 lb), and was about 2 m (6.6 ft) in length. The 28-year-old specimen from the same quarry measured 10 m (33 ft) long. Juvenile animals are rarely found as fossils for several reasons, mainly
1654:
and that all of the preserved animals died at the same time. Currie claims this as evidence of pack behaviour. Other scientists are skeptical, observing that the animals may have been driven together by a drought, flood, or for other reasons.
1525:, where the smaller bones of younger animals were less likely to be preserved by fossilization than the larger bones of adults, and collection bias, where smaller fossils are less likely to be noticed by collectors in the field. Young
1550:
died in large numbers, but have not been preserved in the fossil record due to their small size and fragile construction. After just two years, juveniles were larger than any other predator in the region aside from adult
1515:
individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death. However, the youngest individual known is a juvenile two-year-old and the oldest is an adult 28-year-old. The two-year-old was discovered in the
680:
to be an albertosaurine in 2004, but his more recent unpublished work locates it just outside
Tyrannosauridae, in agreement with other authors. The other major subfamily of tyrannosaurids is the
572:
with a long tail. However, tyrannosaurid arms were extremely small for their body size and retained only two digits. The legs were long and ended in a four-toed foot. The first digit, called the
1728:, although some or all of the above localities may represent temporary or unnatural aggregations. Others have speculated that, instead of social groups, at least some of these finds represent
2541:
Carr, Thomas D.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Schwimmer, David R. (2005). "A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late
Cretaceous (middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama".
1503:
on the Dry Island bonebed not proven they belonged to the same taxon, the teeth of juveniles would likely have been identified by statistical analysis as those of a different species.
1531:
are relatively large for juvenile animals, but their remains are still rare in the fossil record compared with adults. It has been suggested that this phenomenon is a consequence of
580:
may have been able to reach walking speeds of 14−21 kilometres per hour (8−13 miles per hour). At least for the younger individuals, a high running speed is plausible.
565:
estimates are higher, around 2.5 tonnes (2.8 short tons; 2.5 long tons), although greater estimates exist of about 2.8–2.9 tonnes (3.1–3.2 short tons; 2.8–2.9 long tons).
3075:"Body size overlap, habitat partitioning and living space requirements of terrestrial vertebrate predators: implications for the paleoecology of large theropod dinosaurs"
568:
All tyrannosaurids, including albertosaurines, shared a similar body appearance. Typical for theropods, tyrannosaurids were bipedal and balanced their heavy head and
2825:
3326:
1453:
specimens of various sizes, Erickson calculated a maximum growth rate of about 50 kg (110 lb) per year during the rapid growth phase, slower than in
2907:
2956:
1568:. The same pattern is also seen in other tyrannosaurids. The comparison with modern animals and other tyrannosaurids lends support to this life history
1596:, which is the most individuals found in one locality of any large Cretaceous theropod and the second-most of any large theropod dinosaur behind the
765:
in 1970, with many subsequent authors following his lead. Combining the two greatly expands the geographical and chronological range of the genus
2471:
5858:
5851:
7990:
555:
could grow to over 10 m (33 ft) in length. Several independent mass estimates, obtained by different methods, suggest that an adult
3402:
3372:
3230:
2791:
2451:
2371:
2778:(2005). "An unusual multi-individual tyrannosaurid bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) of Montana (USA)". In
8108:
1313:
of
Montana preserves the digested remains of a juvenile hadrosaur in its gut region, with another bonebed containing the remains of three
3818:
8113:
3663:
3566:
3037:
2664:
2226:
Buckley, Lisa G.; Larson, Derek W.; Reichel, Miriam; Samman, Tanya (2010). "Quantifying tooth variation within a single population of
1432:
5180:
6646:
3458:
857:
are kept separate by most classifications, as should be according to Currie. The cladogram below was found during the analysis of
1753:
5166:
8098:
7428:
1993:"Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage"
1707:
1603:
4355:
5159:
1320:
Unlike some other groups of dinosaurs, neither genus was more common at higher or lower elevations than the other. However,
7442:
4361:
158:
8118:
2746:
2705:
7869:
6664:
5865:
3621:
2626:
2355:
2874:
1991:
Benson, R. B. J.; Campione, N. S. E.; Carrano, M. T.; Mannion, P. D.; Sullivan, C.; Upchurch, P.; Evans, D. C. (2014).
7435:
5173:
3341:
1447:
may have ended this rapid growth phase, after which growth slowed down considerably in adult animals. Examining five
1259:. This is one of the few examples of two tyrannosaurid genera coexisting. Similar-sized predators in modern predator
576:, was short and only the other three contacted the ground, with the third (middle) digit being longer than the rest.
2434:
Raath, Michael A. (1990). "Morphological variation in small theropods and its meaning in systematics: evidence from
8003:
6671:
3005:
2657:"Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia"
1335:
dominate in northern latitudes. Holtz has suggested this pattern indicates shared ecological preferences between
670:; see below). These two species are the only described albertosaurines, but other undescribed species may exist.
331:
3757:
3589:
2554:
3906:
1499:
During growth, thickening of the tooth morphology changed so much that, had the association of young and adult
6652:
3789:
3676:
3436:
1941:"Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions"
7997:
2327:(Supplement to 3 – Abstracts of Papers, 61st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology): 46A.
8103:
3811:
3744:
3509:
1724:
preserved alongside several hadrosaurs. These findings may corroborate the evidence for social behaviour in
1702:
in other tyrannosaurids as well. Fragmentary remains of smaller individuals were found alongside "Sue," the
1363:
137:
2821:
8023:
3575:
3489:
3318:
1715:
1572:, but bias in the fossil record may still play a large role, especially since more than two-thirds of all
1310:
977:
960:
742:
3651:
1732:-like mobbing of carcasses, where aggressive competition leads to some of the predators being killed and
561:
weighed between 1.3 tonnes (1.4 short tons; 1.3 long tons) and 2 tonnes (2.2 short tons; 2.0 long tons).
8070:
6377:
6289:
3485:
3416:
3206:
2805:
1532:
1268:
818:
730:
3647:
2582:
7422:
3244:
2578:
2486:
1666:. However, only rarely are so many dinosaurian predators found at the same site. Small theropods like
1306:
8061:
7955:
6066:
6034:
3712:
3613:
3554:
3518:
3278:
3143:
3089:
3046:
3024:
2973:
2948:
2842:
2673:
2594:
2408:
2239:
1952:
1699:
789:, which are almost always kept separate. He also notes that undescribed tyrannosaurids discovered in
671:
625:
431:
341:
312:
3412:
3248:
3121:
2817:
866:
6390:
6177:
3737:"Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts"
3732:
3700:
3580:
3493:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3183:
3028:
3016:
2952:
2940:
2801:
2767:
2763:
2734:
2730:
1624:
6659:
3066:
1584:
individuals both grow the most rapidly during a four-year period until they are approximately 16.
7862:
6366:
6226:
6082:
6022:
5457:
5367:
5250:
4114:
3804:
3769:
3688:
3601:
3542:
3440:
3240:
3105:
2997:
2866:
2771:
2656:
2610:
2566:
2336:
2230:(Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) and implications for identifying isolated teeth of tyrannosaurids".
1970:
153:
3656:"My theropod is bigger than yours … or not: Estimating body size from skull length in theropods"
3394:
8075:
1397:
7744:
7661:
7635:
7474:
7461:
7339:
6880:
6832:
5664:
5014:
4093:
3761:
3680:
3593:
3534:
3473:
3398:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3306:
3226:
3171:
2989:
2964:
2899:
2858:
2787:
2779:
2738:
2558:
2447:
2439:
2367:
2024:
1522:
662:
Tyrannosauridae, in the subfamily
Albertosaurinae. Its closest relative is the slightly older
7848:
7605:
7515:
7304:
7220:
7082:
7001:
6973:
6933:
6814:
6784:
6302:
6055:
5919:
5776:
5676:
5525:
5432:
5390:
4957:
4267:
3753:
3720:
3672:
3617:
3585:
3526:
3432:
3296:
3286:
3256:
3252:
3161:
3151:
3117:
3097:
3054:
3020:
2981:
2944:
2928:
2920:
2891:
2850:
2833:
2809:
2759:
2722:
2718:
2693:
2681:
2652:
2622:
2602:
2550:
2416:
2359:
2328:
2247:
2014:
2004:
1960:
1658:
There is plentiful evidence for gregarious behaviour among herbivorous dinosaurs, including
1647:
1292:
1264:
1130:
862:
676:
659:
593:
589:
399:
395:
305:
258:
242:
7911:
7649:
7612:
7544:
7399:
7392:
7204:
7146:
7109:
7068:
6903:
6762:
6746:
6564:
6536:
6514:
6401:
6246:
5953:
5727:
5610:
5588:
5509:
5338:
5315:
5308:
5286:
5272:
5265:
5226:
5077:
4924:
4851:
4840:
4776:
4664:
4551:
4128:
4037:
3891:
3866:
3454:
3382:
3352:
3327:"The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta"
2697:
2472:"A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina"
1740:
are commonly found in packs, there is no evidence of group behavior in the close relative
1592:
The Dry Island bonebed discovered by Barnum Brown and his crew contains the remains of 26
1561:
1454:
1444:
1436:
1402:
1348:
1336:
1260:
939:
876:
838:
825:
798:
681:
621:
601:
499:
489:
477:
473:
427:
407:
391:
337:
287:
274:
120:
28:
1646:
bonebed quarry led Currie to conclude that the locality was not a predator trap like the
3716:
3522:
3282:
3147:
3093:
3050:
2977:
2846:
2677:
2598:
2412:
2243:
1956:
7876:
7839:
7820:
7782:
7771:
7568:
7281:
7240:
7231:
7213:
7193:
7089:
6803:
6548:
6410:
6237:
6219:
6047:
6014:
6000:
5961:
5735:
5596:
5553:
5546:
5468:
5444:
5397:
5356:
5293:
5279:
5007:
4992:
4819:
4653:
4517:
4485:
4474:
4451:
4413:
4274:
4244:
4168:
4107:
4006:
3387:
3301:
3264:
3260:
3166:
3129:
2813:
2319:
Eberth, David A.; & McCrea, Richard T. (2001). "Were large theropods gregarious?".
2019:
1992:
1720:
1459:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1297:
1271:
between the
Dinosaur Park tyrannosaurids is not well understood. In 1970, Dale Russell
1034:
738:
686:
111:
3736:
3074:
8092:
7918:
7764:
7725:
7704:
7583:
7576:
7503:
7297:
7270:
7128:
7044:
7022:
7015:
7008:
6951:
6868:
6731:
6703:
6690:
6614:
6491:
6331:
6165:
6096:
5982:
5969:
5714:
5692:
5685:
5649:
5622:
5574:
5498:
5234:
5025:
4999:
4915:
4896:
4889:
4826:
4805:
4784:
4769:
4755:
4714:
4680:
4673:
4592:
4444:
4331:
4324:
4251:
4221:
4210:
4100:
4071:
4064:
3990:
3724:
2467:
2340:
1729:
1680:
1619:
1527:
1493:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1417:
1358:
1353:
1344:
1156:
1010:
900:
698:
630:
606:
557:
505:
460:
436:
412:
362:
66:
3773:
3692:
3605:
3546:
3444:
3109:
3001:
2614:
2570:
1974:
1939:
Campione, Nicolas E.; Evans, David C.; Brown, Caleb M.; Carrano, Matthew T. (2014).
1642:
remains and the similar state of preservation common to the many individuals at the
7890:
7828:
7798:
7718:
7711:
7689:
7681:
7561:
7553:
7533:
7248:
7159:
7097:
6987:
6958:
6910:
6739:
6724:
6499:
6431:
6359:
6338:
6317:
6133:
6089:
5897:
5884:
5814:
5767:
5642:
5532:
5484:
5477:
5414:
5383:
5376:
5257:
5084:
4936:
4833:
4735:
4728:
4623:
4607:
4543:
4494:
4426:
4203:
4086:
4079:
4050:
4013:
3982:
3655:
3558:
3497:
3322:
3214:
3125:
2870:
2726:
2420:
2332:
1628:
1288:
835:
762:
746:
597:
481:
403:
320:
3291:
3156:
2606:
2009:
8055:
7944:
7925:
7855:
7805:
7791:
7733:
7674:
7619:
7496:
7290:
7166:
7135:
7051:
7037:
6769:
6717:
6585:
6507:
6470:
6352:
6324:
6277:
6197:
6075:
5932:
5783:
5756:
5656:
5603:
5539:
5518:
5491:
5242:
5055:
5048:
5034:
4860:
4707:
4698:
4600:
4571:
4501:
4466:
4459:
4259:
4237:
4230:
4189:
4181:
4157:
4142:
4121:
4029:
4021:
3101:
3070:
2775:
2388:
1674:
1668:
1489:
1479:
1449:
1407:
1373:
1113:
1082:
917:
830:
770:
692:
636:
612:
551:
measured up to 8 to 9 m (26 to 30 ft) long, while rare individuals of
535:
515:
454:
448:
442:
418:
372:
41:
8046:
3225:(Second ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 111–136.
1324:
appears more common in northern formations like
Dinosaur Park, with species of
1267:
by anatomical, behavioral, or geographical differences that limit competition.
7883:
7812:
7757:
7378:
7177:
6994:
6980:
6965:
6917:
6851:
6777:
6599:
6592:
6578:
6484:
6417:
6345:
6309:
6262:
6204:
6190:
6157:
6149:
6142:
6123:
5946:
5911:
5699:
5300:
5091:
5041:
4978:
4949:
4904:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4791:
4687:
4646:
4639:
4631:
4615:
4535:
4406:
4282:
4135:
3998:
3857:
3530:
3265:"Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans"
2826:"Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs"
1694:
1659:
1651:
1598:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1517:
1401:
A graph showing the hypothesized growth curves (body mass versus age) of four
1386:
1284:
1280:
1272:
794:
216:
103:
86:
51:
3765:
3684:
3636:
3597:
3559:"A New Method to Calculate Allometric Length-Mass Relationships of Dinosaurs"
3538:
2957:"Tyrannosaur life tables: an example of nonavian dinosaur population biology"
2641:
2562:
769:. Other experts maintain the two genera as separate. Canadian paleontologist
7904:
7897:
7597:
7590:
7263:
7255:
7186:
6839:
6557:
6103:
6007:
5742:
5327:
5212:
5199:
5126:
5062:
4985:
4964:
4721:
4584:
4392:
4379:
4297:
4149:
3968:
3955:
3918:
3827:
3187:
2985:
1965:
1940:
1663:
1639:
1547:
1440:
1058:
821:
229:
170:
107:
91:
35:
3310:
3175:
2993:
2903:
2862:
2028:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1613:
3419:(2007). "A reevaluation of cooperative pack hunting and gregariousness in
2508:
2506:
8040:
7488:
6896:
6889:
6861:
6754:
6254:
5635:
4971:
4798:
4559:
4196:
3875:
3851:
3269:
3134:
1733:
1500:
203:
190:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
3622:"Head-biting behavior in theropod dinosaurs: paleopathological evidence"
2917:
has been checked and does not affect the cited material, please replace
2895:
2854:
7029:
6791:
6521:
6424:
5749:
5070:
3477:
2914:
2698:"Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurids from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta"
1711:
96:
71:
2146:
2144:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
7697:
7385:
4812:
3845:
790:
725:
have led many experts to combine them into one genus over the years.
573:
510:
180:
8017:
3058:
2685:
2251:
6528:
6269:
6211:
1612:
1396:
617:
569:
524:
498:
485:
480:, they are more slender and have shorter, flatter skulls, shorter
423:
349:
1688:) have been found in aggregations, as have larger predators like
1539:
are rare because they simply did not die as often as adults did.
797:, and elsewhere in North America may help clarify the situation.
7961:
6571:
3466:
National Museum of
Natural Sciences Publications in Paleontology
1632:
1607:
1425:
1412:
520:
8021:
7459:
6688:
5882:
5197:
4377:
3953:
3838:
3800:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1911:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
828:. They were recognized in the 2014 analysis of the new genus
394:
of United States and Canada. The subfamily was first used by
3796:
2627:"Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids"
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
749:
doubted the distinction of the two genera as early as 1922.
3758:
10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0401:GCFACT>2.0.CO;2
3590:
10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2
2786:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 313–324.
2555:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2
2512:
2300:-related Popular Culture Events and Activities in Canada".
2197:
2195:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1435:
and colleagues have studied the growth and life history of
2739:"Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs"
2446:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 91–105.
3677:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2
3459:"Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada"
3437:
10.3374/0079-032X(2007)48[103:AROCPH]2.0.CO;2
3031:(2010). "A revised life table and survivorship curve for
640:. However, this classification has not been accepted and
446:. However, this classification has not been accepted and
3130:"A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World"
2283:
1892:
1377:
were widespread throughout western North
America, while
773:
claims there are as many anatomical differences between
492:
share arms of about equal length, with the exception of
2391:(1995). "Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of
2150:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2076:
2074:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1251:
In the middle stages of the
Dinosaur Park Formation,
3792:. Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
3498:"A New Study of the Brain of the Predatory Dinosaur
1934:
1932:
533:
was smaller than some other tyrannosaurids, such as
368:
358:
327:
8030:
7943:
7838:
7781:
7743:
7660:
7633:
7543:
7513:
7472:
7370:
7338:
7280:
7230:
7203:
7176:
7145:
7118:
7107:
7066:
6931:
6879:
6850:
6812:
6801:
6701:
6613:
6547:
6469:
6400:
6376:
6288:
6236:
6176:
6132:
6121:
6065:
6033:
5980:
5930:
5895:
5813:
5766:
5713:
5675:
5621:
5572:
5508:
5467:
5443:
5412:
5366:
5336:
5325:
5210:
5125:
5024:
4935:
4914:
4850:
4753:
4697:
4663:
4570:
4515:
4484:
4424:
4390:
4316:
4296:
4220:
4167:
4048:
3966:
3917:
3890:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1317:alongside the remains of at least five hadrosaurs.
1255:lived alongside a rarer species of tyrannosaurine,
3386:
3356:
3334:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1923:
841:. Albertosaurinae was recovered as including only
3705:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3425:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
3393:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p.
2585:(2004). "Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs".
2444:Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives
2053:
1986:
1984:
1789:
1535:, rather than bias, and that fossils of juvenile
3035:based on the Dry Island mass death assemblage".
2092:
1718:of Montana contains at least three specimens of
1827:
1484:tyrannosaurids. This pattern is seen in modern
1347:. At the end of the later Maastrichtian stage,
102:Posssible ghost lineage dating to at least the
1488:, whose hatchlings start off as tree-dwelling
729:was named first, so by convention it is given
3812:
2366:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 45–50.
2271:
1806:
1295:dinosaurs) were left to the more heavy built
652:. This classification has not been accepted.
628:, it was found that the group also contained
434:, it was found that the group also contained
8:
2201:
2162:
3363:. New York: Simos & Schuster. pp.
2524:
8018:
7749:
7666:
7641:
7525:
7521:
7480:
7469:
7456:
7367:
7335:
7151:
7115:
7074:
6943:
6939:
6824:
6820:
6809:
6709:
6698:
6685:
6476:
6466:
6382:
6294:
6182:
6129:
6039:
5992:
5988:
5938:
5903:
5892:
5879:
5810:
5719:
5627:
5580:
5449:
5424:
5420:
5348:
5344:
5333:
5218:
5207:
5194:
5122:
4941:
4932:
4761:
4576:
4527:
4523:
4436:
4432:
4398:
4387:
4374:
4173:
4056:
3974:
3963:
3950:
3896:
3887:
3835:
3819:
3805:
3797:
2213:
1496:capable of taking down large vertebrates.
604:dinosaurs. It was originally defined as "(
410:dinosaurs. It was originally defined as "(
136:
119:
20:
3703:(1982). "Speeds and gaits of dinosaurs".
3579:
3300:
3290:
3165:
3155:
2041:
2018:
2008:
1964:
472:Albertosaurines are large, lightly built
3423:and other nonavian theropod dinosaurs".
2302:Alberta Palæontological Society Bulletin
2065:
2296:Tanke, Darren H. (2011). "A History of
1844:
1769:
1576:specimens are known from one locality.
1283:, while the rarer and more troublesome
3389:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
2931:|...|checked=yes}}
2123:
2104:
2080:
1381:were rare and the albertosaurines and
2151:Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer 2005
2135:
1867:
496:, which had short arms for its size.
7:
2186:
2174:
737:, which is sometimes considered its
620:. This group is the sister clade to
1421:is shown as red. Based on Erickson
1105:
1098:
1074:
1050:
1026:
1002:
952:
945:
892:
882:
872:
426:. The group is the sister clade to
3664:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3567:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3038:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2665:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2543:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2470:; & Currie, Philip J. (2006).
2401:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2321:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2232:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
14:
8002:
7996:
7989:
7441:
7434:
7427:
7421:
6670:
6663:
6658:
6651:
6645:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
4360:
4354:
3359:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
1945:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
1754:Timeline of tyrannosaur research
588:The subfamily was first used by
386:, or dinosaurs of the subfamily
157:
1790:Currie, Hurum & Sabath 2003
1708:Field Museum of Natural History
1617:Bronze sculptures of a pack of
1604:Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
1492:and slowly mature into massive
717:The close similarities between
644:is still considered a juvenile
452:is still considered a juvenile
3188:"RE: Burpee Conference (LONG)"
2421:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011256
2333:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852
1924:Christiansen & Fariña 2004
1309:200) from the contemporaneous
584:Classification and systematics
16:Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
1:
3502:(Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)"
2747:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2706:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2054:Therrien & Henderson 2007
1546:life history postulates that
1279:actively hunted fleet-footed
1263:are separated into different
3725:10.1016/0031-0182(82)90005-0
3340:(6): 367–385. Archived from
3292:10.1371/journal.pone.0079420
3157:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287
2607:10.1080/08912960412331284313
2442:; Currie, Philip J. (eds.).
2093:Saveliev & Alifanov 2007
2010:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
1698:. There is some evidence of
658:is a member of the theropod
484:, and proportionally longer
8109:Campanian first appearances
3102:10.1080/0891296031000154687
2485:(1): 71–118. Archived from
1828:Fiorillo & Tykoski 2014
753:was formally reassigned to
684:, including genera such as
616:)", including only the two
422:)", including only the two
8135:
8114:Maastrichtian extinctions
7986:
7752:
7669:
7644:
7528:
7524:
7483:
7468:
7455:
7419:
7366:
7334:
7154:
7077:
6946:
6942:
6827:
6823:
6712:
6697:
6684:
6643:
6479:
6465:
6385:
6297:
6185:
6042:
5995:
5991:
5941:
5906:
5891:
5878:
5847:
5809:
5722:
5630:
5583:
5452:
5427:
5423:
5351:
5347:
5221:
5206:
5193:
5155:
5121:
4944:
4764:
4579:
4530:
4526:
4439:
4435:
4401:
4386:
4373:
4351:
4176:
4059:
3977:
3962:
3949:
3899:
3886:
3834:
3635:: 167–184. Archived from
3531:10.1134/S0031030107030070
3033:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
2784:The Carnivorous Dinosaurs
2640:: 271–277. Archived from
2364:Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
2345:(published abstract only)
2272:Roach & Brinkman 2007
2228:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
1301:. However, a specimen of
1153:
1127:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1079:
1072:
1055:
1048:
1031:
1024:
1007:
1000:
974:
957:
950:
943:
914:
897:
890:
880:
807:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
723:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
634:, often synonymized with
440:, often synonymized with
355:
348:
332:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
326:
319:
154:Scientific classification
152:
144:
135:
127:
118:
23:
2362:; Padian, Kevin (eds.).
2202:Farlow & Pianka 2002
2163:Matthew & Brown 1922
3745:Journal of Paleontology
3510:Paleontological Journal
3421:Deinonychus antirrhopus
3190:. Dinosaur Mailing List
2986:10.1126/science.1125721
2525:Tanke & Currie 1998
2358:(1997). "Behavior". In
1966:10.1111/2041-210X.12226
1714:, and a bonebed in the
1364:Edmontosaurus annectens
8099:Taxa described in 2003
2436:Syntarsus rhodesiensis
1716:Two Medicine Formation
1686:Syntarsus rhodesiensis
1635:
1429:
1311:Two Medicine Formation
978:Daspletosaurus horneri
961:Daspletosaurus torosus
759:Albertosaurus libratus
743:William Diller Matthew
668:Albertosaurus libratus
527:
488:. Albertosaurines and
8071:Paleobiology Database
6378:Carcharodontosaurinae
6290:Carcharodontosauridae
2923:|...}}
2780:Carpenter, Kenneth J.
2387:Maxwell, W. Desmond;
1616:
1400:
1269:Niche differentiation
817:Albertosaurinae is a
781:as there are between
502:
8119:Dinosaur subfamilies
7371:Dubious coelurosaurs
6067:Metriacanthosaurinae
6035:Metriacanthosauridae
4317:Dubious neotheropods
3494:Kurochkin, Evgeny N.
3211:Weishampel, David B.
2731:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr.
2284:Erickson et al. 2010
1912:Erickson et al. 2004
1893:Erickson et al. 2006
1700:gregarious behaviour
1638:The near-absence of
1469:, but comparable to
1291:(horned and heavily
803:Gorgosaurus libratus
751:Gorgosaurus libratus
719:Gorgosaurus libratus
664:Gorgosaurus libratus
543:. Typical adults of
6391:Carcharodontosaurus
6178:Carcharodontosauria
3717:1982PPP....38..227T
3523:2007PalJ...41..281S
3283:2013PLoSO...879420L
3148:2014PLoSO...991287F
3094:2002HBio...16...21F
3051:2010CaJES..47.1269E
2978:2006Sci...313..213E
2896:10.1038/nature16487
2855:10.1038/nature02699
2847:2004Natur.430..772E
2678:2003CaJES..40..651C
2599:2004HBio...16...85C
2413:1995JVPal..15..707M
2244:2010CaJES..47.1227B
1957:2014MEcEv...5..913C
1625:Royal Tyrell Museum
801:has suggested that
503:Size comparison of
7863:Archaeornithomimus
6367:Veterupristisaurus
6227:Veterupristisaurus
6083:Metriacanthosaurus
6023:Piatnitzkysauridae
5458:Eustreptospondylus
5368:Piatnitzkysauridae
5251:Chuandongocoelurus
4115:Notatesseraeraptor
3500:Tarbosaurus bataar
3207:"Tyrannosauroidea"
3082:Historical Biology
2587:Historical Biology
2513:Currie et al. 2005
2440:Carpenter, Kenneth
1807:Loewen et al. 2013
1636:
1602:assemblage at the
1430:
666:(sometimes called
528:
8086:
8085:
8024:Taxon identifiers
8015:
8014:
8011:
8010:
7984:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7745:Macrocheiriformes
7662:Ornithomimosauria
7636:Maniraptoriformes
7629:
7628:
7475:Maniraptoromorpha
7462:Maniraptoromorpha
7451:
7450:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7340:Maniraptoromorpha
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7062:
7061:
6927:
6926:
6881:Proceratosauridae
6833:Chingkankousaurus
6680:
6679:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6609:
6608:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
5874:
5873:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5709:
5708:
5665:Vallibonavenatrix
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5408:
5407:
5189:
5188:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4511:
4510:
4369:
4368:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4292:
4291:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3790:"Albertosaurinae"
3404:978-0-691-13720-9
3374:978-0-671-61946-6
3232:978-0-520-24209-8
3219:Osmólska, Halszka
2972:(5784): 213–217.
2841:(7001): 772–775.
2793:978-0-253-34539-4
2735:Osmólska, Halszka
2468:Coria, Rodolfo A.
2453:978-0-521-43810-0
2373:978-0-12-226810-6
2360:Currie, Philip J.
1523:preservation bias
1354:Tyrannosaurus rex
1265:ecological niches
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1142:
1141:
989:
988:
929:
928:
381:
380:
315:
8126:
8079:
8078:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8019:
8006:
8000:
7993:
7849:Aepyornithomimus
7750:
7667:
7642:
7606:Sinocalliopteryx
7526:
7522:
7516:Neocoelurosauria
7481:
7470:
7457:
7445:
7438:
7431:
7425:
7368:
7336:
7305:Zhuchengtyrannus
7221:Thanatotheristes
7152:
7116:
7083:Appalachiosaurus
7075:
6944:
6940:
6934:Pantyrannosauria
6825:
6821:
6815:Tyrannosauroidea
6810:
6785:Xinjiangovenator
6710:
6699:
6686:
6674:
6667:
6662:
6655:
6649:
6477:
6467:
6383:
6303:Acrocanthosaurus
6295:
6183:
6130:
6056:Yangchuanosaurus
6040:
5993:
5989:
5939:
5920:Lourinhanosaurus
5904:
5893:
5880:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5811:
5777:Sigilmassasaurus
5720:
5677:Ceratosuchopsini
5628:
5581:
5526:Dubreuillosaurus
5450:
5433:Streptospondylus
5425:
5421:
5391:Piatnitzkysaurus
5349:
5345:
5334:
5219:
5208:
5195:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5123:
4958:Ekrixinatosaurus
4942:
4933:
4762:
4577:
4528:
4524:
4437:
4433:
4399:
4388:
4375:
4364:
4358:
4268:Procompsognathus
4174:
4057:
3975:
3964:
3951:
3897:
3888:
3881:
3880:
3836:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3793:
3777:
3741:
3733:Varricchio, D.J.
3728:
3711:(3–4): 227–256.
3696:
3660:
3643:
3641:
3626:
3609:
3583:
3563:
3550:
3506:
3481:
3463:
3448:
3408:
3392:
3378:
3362:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3236:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3113:
3079:
3062:
3045:(9): 1269–1275.
3012:
3010:
3004:. Archived from
2961:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2909:Retraction Watch
2888:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2873:. Archived from
2830:
2797:
2755:
2743:
2714:
2702:
2689:
2661:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2618:
2579:Christiansen, P.
2574:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:on 26 March 2009
2491:
2476:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2238:(9): 1227–1251.
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2012:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1896:
1890:
1871:
1865:
1848:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1648:La Brea Tar Pits
1542:A hypothesis of
1433:Gregory Erickson
1275:the more common
1131:Zhuchengtyrannus
1106:
1099:
1075:
1051:
1027:
1003:
953:
946:
893:
883:
873:
863:Anthony Fiorillo
805:is ancestral to
706:Relationship of
677:Appalachiosaurus
590:Philip J. Currie
396:Philip J. Currie
370:
360:
329:
304:
299:
286:
273:
259:Pantyrannosauria
257:
243:Tyrannosauroidea
241:
162:
161:
140:
123:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
8134:
8133:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8082:
8074:
8069:
8062:Albertosaurinae
8060:
8059:
8054:
8045:
8044:
8039:
8032:Albertosaurinae
8026:
8016:
8007:
7994:
7968:
7931:
7912:Sinornithomimus
7834:
7777:
7739:
7656:
7650:Compsognathidae
7638:
7625:
7613:Sinosauropteryx
7545:Compsognathidae
7539:
7518:
7509:
7477:
7464:
7447:
7446:
7432:
7405:
7400:Shanyangosaurus
7393:Phaedrolosaurus
7354:
7310:
7276:
7226:
7205:Daspletosaurini
7199:
7172:
7147:Tyrannosaurinae
7141:
7120:Albertosaurinae
7112:
7110:Tyrannosauridae
7103:
7071:
7069:Eutyrannosauria
7058:
6936:
6923:
6904:Proceratosaurus
6875:
6846:
6817:
6806:
6797:
6763:Richardoestesia
6747:Chilantaisaurus
6706:
6693:
6676:
6675:
6656:
6629:
6605:
6565:Australovenator
6543:
6537:Chilantaisaurus
6515:Phuwiangvenator
6437:
6402:Giganotosaurini
6396:
6372:
6284:
6247:Chilantaisaurus
6232:
6172:
6126:
6109:
6061:
6029:
5985:
5976:
5954:Monolophosaurus
5935:
5926:
5900:
5887:
5870:
5869:
5855:
5829:
5789:
5762:
5728:Camarillasaurus
5705:
5671:
5617:
5611:Ostafrikasaurus
5589:Camarillasaurus
5577:
5560:
5510:Afrovenatorinae
5504:
5463:
5439:
5417:
5404:
5362:
5341:
5339:Megalosauroidea
5330:
5321:
5316:Vectaerovenator
5309:Szechuanosaurus
5287:Monolophosaurus
5273:Kaijiangosaurus
5266:Cryolophosaurus
5227:Calamospondylus
5215:
5202:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5141:
5097:
5078:Pycnonemosaurus
5020:
4931:
4925:Majungasaurinae
4910:
4852:Majungasaurinae
4846:
4841:Xenotarsosaurus
4777:Dryptosauroides
4758:
4741:
4693:
4665:Elaphrosaurinae
4659:
4566:
4552:Ornithomimoides
4520:
4507:
4480:
4429:
4420:
4395:
4382:
4365:
4359:
4337:
4312:
4288:
4216:
4163:
4129:Shuangbaisaurus
4053:
4044:
3971:
3958:
3933:
3913:
3907:Avemetatarsalia
3892:Avemetatarsalia
3882:
3867:Avemetatarsalia
3841:
3840:
3830:
3825:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3739:
3731:
3699:
3658:
3652:Henderson, D.M.
3646:
3639:
3624:
3612:
3561:
3553:
3504:
3484:
3461:
3453:
3411:
3405:
3381:
3375:
3351:
3344:
3329:
3317:
3249:Sertich, J.J.W.
3239:
3233:
3201:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3118:Fiorillo, A. R.
3116:
3077:
3065:
3059:10.1139/E10-051
3015:
3008:
2959:
2939:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2890:(Erratum:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2828:
2806:Makovicky, P.J.
2800:
2794:
2768:Koppelhus, E.B.
2758:
2741:
2717:
2700:
2692:
2686:10.1139/e02-083
2659:
2651:
2644:
2629:
2621:
2577:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2399:associations".
2389:Ostrom, John H.
2386:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2356:Horner, John R.
2354:
2353:
2349:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2259:
2252:10.1139/e10-029
2225:
2224:
2220:
2214:Varricchio 2001
2212:
2208:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2003:(5): e1001853.
1990:
1989:
1982:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1899:
1891:
1874:
1866:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1826:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1750:
1706:mounted in the
1590:
1562:African buffalo
1509:
1455:tyrannosaurines
1445:Sexual maturity
1395:
1349:tyrannosaurines
1337:tyrannosaurines
1249:
1240:Coexistence of
1237:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1143:
990:
940:Tyrannosaurinae
930:
887:Albertosaurinae
877:Tyrannosauridae
815:
799:Gregory S. Paul
715:
682:Tyrannosauridae
622:Tyrannosaurinae
586:
490:tyrannosaurines
478:tyrannosaurines
470:
428:Tyrannosaurinae
392:Late Cretaceous
390:, lived in the
388:Albertosaurinae
384:Albertosaurines
344:
335:
303:
301:Albertosaurinae
297:
288:Tyrannosauridae
284:
275:Eutyrannosauria
271:
255:
239:
156:
114:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
29:Late Cretaceous
25:
24:Albertosaurines
17:
12:
11:
5:
8132:
8130:
8122:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8104:Tyrannosaurids
8101:
8091:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8067:
8052:
8036:
8034:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8013:
8012:
8009:
8008:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7958:
7949:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7877:Dromiceiomimus
7873:
7866:
7859:
7852:
7844:
7842:
7840:Ornithomimidae
7836:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7825:
7821:Paraxenisaurus
7817:
7809:
7802:
7795:
7787:
7785:
7783:Deinocheiridae
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7772:Shenzhousaurus
7768:
7761:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7730:
7722:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7694:
7686:
7678:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7645:
7639:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7616:
7609:
7602:
7594:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7569:Beipiaognathus
7565:
7558:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7529:
7519:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7500:
7493:
7484:
7478:
7473:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7453:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7440:
7426:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7382:
7374:
7372:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7301:
7294:
7286:
7284:
7282:Tyrannosaurini
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7252:
7245:
7241:Bistahieversor
7236:
7234:
7232:Teratophoneini
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7217:
7214:Daspletosaurus
7209:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7194:Qianzhousaurus
7190:
7182:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7163:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7124:
7122:
7113:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7094:
7090:Bistahieversor
7086:
7078:
7072:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6962:
6955:
6947:
6937:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6855:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6836:
6828:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6804:Tyrannoraptora
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6766:
6759:
6751:
6743:
6736:
6728:
6721:
6713:
6707:
6702:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6669:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6553:
6551:
6549:Megaraptoridae
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6533:
6525:
6518:
6511:
6504:
6496:
6488:
6480:
6474:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6411:Giganotosaurus
6406:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6259:
6251:
6242:
6240:
6238:Neovenatoridae
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6223:
6220:Ulughbegsaurus
6216:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6186:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6146:
6138:
6136:
6127:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6052:
6048:Xuanhanosaurus
6043:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6019:
6015:Xuanhanosaurus
6011:
6004:
6001:Asfaltovenator
5996:
5986:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5966:
5962:Megalosauridae
5958:
5950:
5942:
5936:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5916:
5907:
5901:
5896:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5863:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5736:Ichthyovenator
5732:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5681:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5661:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5597:Cristatusaurus
5593:
5584:
5578:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:Poekilopleuron
5550:
5547:Piveteausaurus
5543:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5473:
5471:
5469:Megalosaurinae
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5453:
5447:
5445:Megalosauridae
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5428:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:Xuanhanosaurus
5394:
5387:
5380:
5372:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5357:Yunyangosaurus
5352:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5297:
5294:Pandoravenator
5290:
5283:
5280:Kayentavenator
5276:
5269:
5262:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5231:
5222:
5216:
5211:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5030:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5011:
5008:Skorpiovenator
5004:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4901:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4820:Spectrovenator
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4759:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4654:Spinostropheus
4650:
4643:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4531:
4521:
4518:Abelisauroidea
4516:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4488:
4486:Ceratosauridae
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4475:Saltriovenator
4471:
4463:
4456:
4452:Fosterovenator
4448:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:Lophostropheus
4410:
4402:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4275:Pterospondylus
4271:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4245:Lucianovenator
4241:
4234:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4169:Coelophysoidea
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4108:Lophostropheus
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4007:Erythrovenator
4003:
3995:
3987:
3978:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3783:External links
3781:
3779:
3778:
3752:(2): 401–406.
3729:
3701:Thulborn, R.A.
3697:
3671:(1): 108–115.
3648:Therrien, F.O.
3644:
3642:on 2008-02-27.
3610:
3581:10.1.1.462.255
3551:
3517:(3): 281–289.
3490:Alifanov, V.R.
3486:Saveliev, S.V.
3482:
3450:
3449:
3431:(1): 103–138.
3417:Brinkman, D.T.
3409:
3403:
3379:
3373:
3349:
3347:on 2014-04-16.
3315:
3277:(11): e79420.
3261:Evans, David C
3257:Sampson, S. D.
3237:
3231:
3223:The Dinosauria
3203:Holtz, T.R.Jr.
3199:
3186:(2005-09-20).
3184:Holtz, T.R.Jr.
3180:
3122:Tykoski, R. S.
3114:
3063:
3017:Erickson, G.M.
3013:
3011:on 2010-07-18.
2941:Erickson, G.M.
2937:
2802:Erickson, G.M.
2798:
2792:
2756:
2715:
2690:
2672:(4): 651–665.
2649:
2647:on 2009-03-26.
2619:
2593:(2–4): 85–92.
2575:
2549:(1): 119–143.
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2502:
2459:
2452:
2426:
2407:(4): 707–712.
2379:
2372:
2347:
2311:
2288:
2276:
2257:
2218:
2206:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2140:
2128:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2042:Seebacher 2001
2034:
1980:
1951:(9): 913–923.
1928:
1916:
1897:
1872:
1849:
1832:
1811:
1794:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1736:. Even though
1721:Daspletosaurus
1627:, designed by
1589:
1588:Pack behaviour
1586:
1508:
1505:
1494:apex predators
1486:Komodo dragons
1460:Daspletosaurus
1437:tyrannosaurids
1403:tyrannosaurids
1394:
1391:
1383:centrosaurines
1379:lambeosaurines
1369:chasmosaurines
1341:chasmosaurines
1333:lambeosaurines
1327:Daspletosaurus
1315:Daspletosaurus
1303:Daspletosaurus
1298:Daspletosaurus
1289:ankylosaurians
1257:Daspletosaurus
1248:
1246:Daspletosaurus
1238:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:Bistahieversor
1030:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
987:
986:
983:
982:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
951:
949:
944:
942:
936:
935:
932:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
896:
891:
889:
881:
879:
871:
867:Ronald Tykoski
839:tyrannosaurine
826:tyrannosaurids
814:
811:
783:Daspletosaurus
739:junior synonym
733:over the name
714:
704:
687:Daspletosaurus
600:as a group of
585:
582:
476:. Compared to
474:tyrannosaurids
469:
466:
406:as a group of
379:
378:
377:
376:
366:
353:
352:
346:
345:
336:
324:
323:
317:
316:
295:
291:
290:
282:
278:
277:
269:
262:
261:
253:
246:
245:
237:
233:
232:
227:
220:
219:
214:
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
149:
142:
141:
133:
132:
125:
124:
116:
115:
112:Tyrannosaurine
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
39:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8131:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8077:
8072:
8068:
8063:
8057:
8053:
8048:
8042:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8005:
8001:
7999:
7992:
7963:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7921:
7920:
7919:Struthiomimus
7916:
7914:
7913:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7881:
7879:
7878:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7870:"Coelosaurus"
7867:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7822:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7765:Pelecanimimus
7762:
7760:
7759:
7755:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:Thecocoelurus
7723:
7721:
7720:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7705:Kinnareemimus
7702:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7652:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7632:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7584:Huaxiagnathus
7581:
7579:
7578:
7577:Compsognathus
7574:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7504:Ornitholestes
7501:
7499:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7458:
7454:
7444:
7439:
7437:
7430:
7424:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7307:
7306:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7298:Tyrannosaurus
7295:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7271:Teratophoneus
7268:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7129:Albertosaurus
7126:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7065:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7045:Xiongguanlong
7042:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7023:Suskityrannus
7020:
7018:
7017:
7016:Stokesosaurus
7013:
7011:
7010:
7009:Santanaraptor
7006:
7004:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6952:Alectrosaurus
6949:
6948:
6945:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6930:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6871:
6870:
6869:Tanycolagreus
6866:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6800:
6794:
6793:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6732:Bahariasaurus
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6704:Coelurosauria
6700:
6696:
6692:
6691:Coelurosauria
6687:
6683:
6673:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6654:
6648:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6615:Coelurosauria
6612:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:Bahariasaurus
6489:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6332:Kelmayisaurus
6329:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6168:
6167:
6166:Saurophaganax
6163:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6120:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6097:Siamotyrannus
6094:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5983:Allosauroidea
5979:
5972:
5971:
5970:Spinosauridae
5967:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5929:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5853:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5715:Spinosaurinae
5712:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5693:Riparovenator
5690:
5688:
5687:
5686:Ceratosuchops
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5650:Riojavenatrix
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Baryonychinae
5620:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5575:Spinosauridae
5571:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5499:Wiehenvenator
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5411:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5235:Chienkosaurus
5232:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5026:Furileusauria
5023:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
5000:Rahiolisaurus
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4916:Carnotaurinae
4913:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:Rahiolisaurus
4894:
4892:
4891:
4890:Majungasaurus
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4827:Tarascosaurus
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4785:Eoabelisaurus
4782:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4770:Chenanisaurus
4767:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:Abelisauridae
4752:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:Masiakasaurus
4712:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:Huinculsaurus
4678:
4676:
4675:
4674:Elaphrosaurus
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:Austrocheirus
4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4445:Berberosaurus
4442:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4363:
4357:
4334:
4333:
4332:Halticosaurus
4329:
4327:
4326:
4325:Teinurosaurus
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:Megapnosaurus
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4222:Coelophysidae
4219:
4213:
4212:
4211:Powellvenator
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4101:Liliensternus
4098:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:Dolichosuchus
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:Dilophosaurus
4062:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4038:Herrerasauria
4035:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:Daemonosaurus
3988:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3555:Seebacher, F.
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3472:(1–6): 1–34.
3471:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3455:Russell, D.A.
3452:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3319:Matthew, W.D.
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3253:Currie, P. J.
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:Dodson, Peter
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:(3): e91287.
3141:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3126:Dodson, Peter
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2880:on 2011-10-06
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2754:(2): 227–234.
2753:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:(2): 191–226.
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:Geodiversitas
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:Tenontosaurus
2390:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:Albertosaurus
2292:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:Thulborn 1982
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:Albertosaurus
1735:
1731:
1730:Komodo dragon
1727:
1726:Albertosaurus
1723:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Tyrannosaurus
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1681:Megapnosaurus
1677:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:Albertosaurus
1641:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:Albertosaurus
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:Albertosaurus
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:Albertosaurus
1575:
1574:Albertosaurus
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1553:Albertosaurus
1549:
1545:
1544:Albertosaurus
1540:
1538:
1537:Albertosaurus
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:Albertosaurus
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:Albertosaurus
1506:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:Albertosaurus
1468:
1467:
1466:Tyrannosaurus
1462:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1418:Albertosaurus
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:hadrosaurines
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1345:hadrosaurines
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:Tyrannosaurus
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:Teratophoneus
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
993:
985:
984:
981:
980:
979:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
925:
924:
921:
920:
919:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:Albertosaurus
895:
894:
888:
885:
884:
878:
875:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:Albertosaurus
848:
844:
843:Albertosaurus
840:
837:
833:
832:
827:
823:
820:
812:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Tyrannosaurus
784:
780:
776:
775:Albertosaurus
772:
768:
767:Albertosaurus
764:
760:
756:
755:Albertosaurus
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:Albertosaurus
724:
720:
713:
712:Albertosaurus
709:
705:
703:
701:
700:
699:Tyrannosaurus
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:Albertosaurus
653:
651:
650:Tyrannosaurus
647:
643:
642:Maleevosaurus
639:
638:
633:
632:
631:Maleevosaurus
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
608:
607:Albertosaurus
603:
602:tyrannosaurid
599:
595:
594:Jørn H. Hurum
591:
583:
581:
579:
578:Albertosaurus
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
559:
558:Albertosaurus
554:
553:Albertosaurus
550:
546:
545:Albertosaurus
542:
541:Tyrannosaurus
538:
537:
532:
531:Albertosaurus
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
507:
506:Albertosaurus
501:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
467:
465:
463:
462:
461:Tyrannosaurus
457:
456:
451:
450:
449:Maleevosaurus
445:
444:
439:
438:
437:Maleevosaurus
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
413:Albertosaurus
409:
408:tyrannosaurid
405:
401:
400:Jørn H. Hurum
397:
393:
389:
385:
375:
374:
367:
365:
364:
363:Albertosaurus
357:
356:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
333:
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
302:
296:
293:
292:
289:
283:
280:
279:
276:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
238:
236:Superfamily:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
129:Albertosaurus
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
34:76.6–68
30:
22:
19:
8031:
7995:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7903:
7896:
7891:Ornithomimus
7889:
7882:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7854:
7847:
7829:Tyrannomimus
7827:
7819:
7811:
7804:
7799:Deinocheirus
7797:
7790:
7770:
7763:
7756:
7732:
7724:
7719:Nqwebasaurus
7717:
7712:Nedcolbertia
7710:
7703:
7696:
7690:Calamosaurus
7688:
7682:Aviatyrannis
7680:
7673:
7648:
7618:
7611:
7604:
7596:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7567:
7562:Aristosuchus
7560:
7554:Aniksosaurus
7552:
7534:Aniksosaurus
7532:
7502:
7495:
7487:
7433:
7398:
7391:
7384:
7377:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7269:
7262:
7254:
7249:Dynamoterror
7247:
7239:
7219:
7212:
7192:
7185:
7165:
7160:Asiatyrannus
7158:
7134:
7127:
7119:
7098:Dryptosaurus
7096:
7088:
7081:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6988:Jinbeisaurus
6986:
6979:
6972:
6964:
6959:Aviatyrannis
6957:
6950:
6916:
6911:Sinotyrannus
6909:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6867:
6860:
6838:
6831:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6768:
6761:
6753:
6745:
6740:Bicentenaria
6738:
6730:
6725:Asiamericana
6723:
6716:
6657:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6535:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6500:Deltadromeus
6498:
6490:
6483:
6432:Tyrannotitan
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6389:
6365:
6360:Taurovenator
6358:
6351:
6344:
6339:Lajasvenator
6337:
6330:
6323:
6318:Concavenator
6316:
6308:
6301:
6276:
6268:
6261:
6253:
6245:
6225:
6218:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6164:
6156:
6148:
6141:
6134:Allosauridae
6102:
6095:
6090:Shidaisaurus
6088:
6081:
6074:
6054:
6046:
6021:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5945:
5918:
5910:
5898:Avetheropoda
5885:Avetheropoda
5856:
5815:Avetheropoda
5782:
5775:
5768:Spinosaurini
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5726:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5663:
5655:
5648:
5643:Protathlitis
5641:
5634:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5533:Leshansaurus
5531:
5524:
5517:
5497:
5490:
5485:Megalosaurus
5483:
5478:Duriavenator
5476:
5456:
5431:
5415:Megalosauria
5396:
5389:
5384:Marshosaurus
5382:
5377:Condorraptor
5375:
5355:
5314:
5307:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5258:Cruxicheiros
5256:
5249:
5241:
5233:
5225:
5090:
5085:Quilmesaurus
5083:
5076:
5069:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5013:
5006:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4948:
4937:Brachyrostra
4923:
4903:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4866:
4859:
4839:
4834:Tralkasaurus
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4775:
4768:
4736:Vespersaurus
4734:
4729:Velocisaurus
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4630:
4624:Deltadromeus
4622:
4614:
4608:Compsosuchus
4606:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4558:
4550:
4544:Lametasaurus
4542:
4534:
4500:
4495:Ceratosaurus
4493:
4473:
4465:
4458:
4450:
4443:
4427:Ceratosauria
4412:
4405:
4330:
4323:
4281:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4209:
4204:Podokesaurus
4202:
4195:
4188:
4180:
4156:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4087:Gojirasaurus
4085:
4080:Dracovenator
4078:
4070:
4063:
4051:Neotheropoda
4036:
4028:
4020:
4014:Guaibasaurus
4012:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3983:Chindesaurus
3981:
3871:
3862:
3749:
3743:
3708:
3704:
3668:
3662:
3637:the original
3632:
3628:
3618:Currie, P.J.
3574:(1): 51–60.
3571:
3565:
3514:
3508:
3499:
3469:
3465:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3388:
3358:
3342:the original
3337:
3333:
3274:
3268:
3241:Loewen, M.A.
3222:
3192:. Retrieved
3139:
3133:
3088:(1): 21–40.
3085:
3081:
3071:Pianka, E.R.
3067:Farlow, J.O.
3042:
3036:
3032:
3025:Inouye, B.D.
3021:Currie, P.J.
3006:the original
2969:
2963:
2949:Inouye, B.D.
2945:Currie, P.J.
2927:{{
2919:{{
2908:
2906:,
2882:. Retrieved
2875:the original
2838:
2832:
2822:Brochu, C.A.
2814:Norell, M.A.
2810:Currie, P.J.
2783:
2760:Currie, P.J.
2751:
2745:
2719:Currie, P.J.
2710:
2704:
2694:Currie, P.J.
2669:
2663:
2653:Currie, P.J.
2642:the original
2637:
2633:
2623:Currie, P.J.
2590:
2586:
2583:Fariña, R.A.
2546:
2542:
2534:Bibliography
2520:
2494:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2482:
2478:
2462:
2443:
2435:
2429:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2363:
2350:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2279:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2209:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2131:
2100:
2088:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2000:
1997:PLOS Biology
1996:
1948:
1944:
1919:
1845:Russell 1970
1741:
1737:
1734:cannibalized
1725:
1719:
1703:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1660:ceratopsians
1657:
1643:
1637:
1629:Brian Cooley
1618:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1533:life history
1526:
1512:
1510:
1507:Life history
1498:
1490:insectivores
1478:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1411:is shown in
1406:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1285:ceratopsians
1276:
1273:hypothesized
1256:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:Paleobiology
1155:
1154:
1129:
1128:
1112:
1111:
1081:
1080:
1057:
1056:
1033:
1032:
1009:
1008:
976:
975:
959:
958:
916:
915:
899:
898:
886:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
829:
816:
806:
802:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
763:Dale Russell
758:
754:
750:
747:Barnum Brown
734:
726:
722:
718:
716:
711:
707:
697:
691:
685:
675:
672:Thomas Holtz
667:
663:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
635:
629:
611:
605:
598:Karol Sabath
587:
577:
567:
562:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
534:
530:
529:
514:
504:
493:
471:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
417:
411:
404:Karol Sabath
387:
383:
382:
371:
361:
330:
321:Type species
308:
300:
265:
249:
223:
210:
197:
145:
128:
18:
8056:Wikispecies
7956:Maniraptora
7945:Maniraptora
7926:Tototlmimus
7856:Anserimimus
7806:Garudimimus
7792:Beishanlong
7734:Valdoraptor
7675:Arkansaurus
7620:Xunmenglong
7497:Juravenator
7291:Tarbosaurus
7167:Nanuqsaurus
7136:Gorgosaurus
7052:Megaraptora
7038:Timurlengia
6770:Sciurumimus
6718:Aratasaurus
6586:Murusraptor
6508:Fukuiraptor
6471:Megaraptora
6353:Shaochilong
6325:Eocarcharia
6278:Megaraptora
6198:Lusovenator
6076:Alpkarakush
5933:Carnosauria
5784:Spinosaurus
5757:Siamosaurus
5657:Suchosaurus
5604:Iberospinus
5540:Magnosaurus
5519:Afrovenator
5492:Torvosaurus
5243:Chilesaurus
5056:Carnotaurus
5049:Caletodraco
5035:Abelisaurus
4861:Arcovenator
4708:Laevisuchus
4699:Noasaurinae
4601:Berthasaura
4572:Noasauridae
4502:Genyodectes
4467:Lukousaurus
4460:Jubbulpuria
4260:Panguraptor
4238:Coelophysis
4231:Camposaurus
4190:Panguraptor
4182:Dracoraptor
4158:Zupaysaurus
4143:Tachiraptor
4122:Sarcosaurus
4022:Nhandumirim
3614:Tanke, D.H.
3413:Roach, B.T.
3245:Irmis, R.B.
2818:Yerby, S.A.
2764:Trexler, D.
2723:Hurum, J.H.
2397:Deinonychus
2308:(2): 12–30.
2124:Currie 2003
2105:Currie 2002
2081:Currie 2000
1742:Gorgosaurus
1675:Coelophysis
1669:Deinonychus
1582:Gorgosaurus
1511:Most known
1480:Gorgosaurus
1450:Gorgosaurus
1439:using bone
1408:Gorgosaurus
1374:Triceratops
1322:Gorgosaurus
1277:Gorgosaurus
1253:Gorgosaurus
1242:Gorgosaurus
1114:Tarbosaurus
1083:Nanuqsaurus
918:Gorgosaurus
859:Nanuqsaurus
855:Gorgosaurus
847:Gorgosaurus
831:Nanuqsaurus
779:Gorgosaurus
771:Phil Currie
735:Gorgosaurus
708:Gorgosaurus
693:Tarbosaurus
646:Tarbosaurus
637:Tarbosaurus
613:Gorgosaurus
563:Gorgosaurus
549:Gorgosaurus
536:Tarbosaurus
516:Gorgosaurus
494:Tarbosaurus
468:Description
455:Tarbosaurus
443:Tarbosaurus
419:Gorgosaurus
373:Gorgosaurus
294:Subfamily:
146:Gorgosaurus
131:skull cast
8093:Categories
7884:Gallimimus
7813:Harpymimus
7758:Harpymimus
7379:Iliosuchus
7349:see below↓
7178:Alioramini
6995:Juratyrant
6981:Eotyrannus
6966:Bagaraatan
6918:Yutyrannus
6852:Coeluridae
6778:Vayuraptor
6624:see below↓
6600:Tratayenia
6593:Orkoraptor
6579:Megaraptor
6485:Aoniraptor
6418:Mapusaurus
6346:Sauroniops
6310:Altispinax
6263:Neovenator
6205:Siamraptor
6191:Datanglong
6158:Epanterias
6150:Antrodemus
6143:Allosaurus
6124:Allosauria
5947:Altispinax
5912:Gasosaurus
5824:see below↓
5700:Suchomimus
5301:Sinosaurus
5136:see below↓
5092:Viavenator
5042:Aucasaurus
4979:Ilokelesia
4950:Dahalokely
4905:Rajasaurus
4883:Indosaurus
4876:Genusaurus
4868:Dahalokely
4792:Indosuchus
4688:Limusaurus
4647:Ligabueino
4640:Kiyacursor
4632:Genusaurus
4616:Dahalokely
4536:Betasuchus
4407:Dornraptor
4307:see below↓
4283:Segisaurus
4136:Sinosaurus
3999:Eodromaeus
3928:see below↓
3876:Dinosauria
3858:Sauropsida
3478:B0006C6VM8
3462:(Overview)
3383:Paul, G.S.
3353:Paul, G.S.
3194:2007-06-18
3029:Winn, A.A.
2953:Wynn, A.A.
2884:2014-04-16
2776:Murphy, N.
2727:Sabath, K.
2660:(abstract)
2496:2009-05-03
2136:Holtz 2005
1868:Holtz 2004
1760:References
1695:Mapusaurus
1690:Allosaurus
1664:hadrosaurs
1652:California
1599:Allosaurus
1570:hypothesis
1566:rhinoceros
1558:senescence
1548:hatchlings
1518:Dry Island
1281:hadrosaurs
795:New Mexico
217:Saurischia
204:Dinosauria
104:Cenomanian
7960:includes
7905:Rativates
7898:Qiupalong
7598:Scipionyx
7591:Mirischia
7264:Lythronax
7256:Labocania
7187:Alioramus
6840:Labocania
6558:Aerosteon
6104:Sinraptor
6008:Erectopus
5743:Irritator
5328:Orionides
5213:Tetanurae
5200:Tetanurae
5127:Tetanurae
5063:Elemgasem
4986:Llukalkan
4965:Elemgasem
4722:Noasaurus
4585:Afromimus
4393:Averostra
4380:Averostra
4298:Averostra
4150:Velocipes
3969:Theropoda
3956:Theropoda
3919:Theropoda
3844:Kingdom:
3828:Theropoda
3766:0022-3360
3685:0272-4634
3598:0272-4634
3576:CiteSeerX
3539:0031-0301
3323:Brown, B.
2913:. If the
2772:Wicks, K.
2563:0272-4634
2341:220414868
2187:Paul 2010
2175:Paul 1988
1765:Footnotes
1640:herbivore
1501:skeletons
1441:histology
1385:had gone
1059:Lythronax
822:subfamily
813:Phylogeny
230:Theropoda
177:Kingdom:
171:Eukaryota
108:Labocania
8047:Q2044915
8041:Wikidata
7489:Coelurus
6897:Kileskus
6890:Guanlong
6862:Coelurus
6755:Gualicho
6255:Gualicho
5636:Baryonyx
4972:Guemesia
4799:Kryptops
4560:Ozraptor
4197:Pendraig
3852:Chordata
3850:Phylum:
3846:Animalia
3774:86113170
3735:(2001).
3693:86025320
3654:(2007).
3620:(1998).
3606:53446536
3557:(2001).
3547:53529148
3492:(2007).
3457:(1970).
3445:84175628
3385:(2010).
3355:(1988).
3325:(1922).
3311:24223179
3270:PLoS ONE
3259:(2013).
3221:(eds.).
3205:(2004).
3176:24621577
3135:PLoS ONE
3124:(2014).
3110:18114585
3073:(2002).
3002:34191607
2994:16840697
2955:(2006).
2904:26675726
2863:15306807
2824:(2004).
2737:(eds.).
2729:(2003).
2696:(2003).
2655:(2002).
2625:(2000).
2615:84322349
2571:86243316
2029:24802911
1975:84317234
1748:See also
1293:armoured
731:priority
523:) and a
281:Family:
191:Chordata
187:Phylum:
181:Animalia
167:Domain:
7030:Timimus
6792:Zuolong
6522:Rapator
6425:Meraxes
5750:Oxalaia
5071:Koleken
4094:Lepidus
3856:Class:
3713:Bibcode
3519:Bibcode
3496:(ed.).
3302:3819173
3279:Bibcode
3263:(ed.).
3167:3951350
3144:Bibcode
3128:(ed.).
3090:Bibcode
3047:Bibcode
2974:Bibcode
2965:Science
2929:erratum
2921:erratum
2915:erratum
2871:4404887
2843:Bibcode
2782:(ed.).
2674:Bibcode
2595:Bibcode
2409:Bibcode
2240:Bibcode
2020:4011683
1953:Bibcode
1712:Chicago
1387:extinct
836:derived
513:) with
7698:Hexing
7386:Kakuru
6974:Dilong
5015:Thanos
4993:Niebla
4813:Rugops
4806:Kurupi
3772:
3764:
3691:
3683:
3604:
3596:
3578:
3545:
3537:
3476:
3443:
3401:
3371:
3309:
3299:
3229:
3174:
3164:
3108:
3000:
2992:
2902:
2898:,
2869:
2861:
2834:Nature
2790:
2613:
2569:
2561:
2450:
2438:". In
2370:
2339:
2027:
2017:
1973:
1678:, and
1564:, and
1423:et al.
1393:Growth
1367:, and
1343:, and
1261:guilds
791:Alaska
696:, and
674:found
660:family
618:genera
596:, and
574:hallux
511:yellow
486:tibiae
424:genera
402:, and
350:Genera
338:Osborn
309:et al.
306:Currie
148:skull
8076:67658
7962:birds
7002:Moros
6529:Siats
6270:Siats
6212:Siats
3872:Clade
3863:Clade
3770:S2CID
3740:(PDF)
3689:S2CID
3659:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3625:(PDF)
3602:S2CID
3562:(PDF)
3543:S2CID
3505:(PDF)
3441:S2CID
3345:(PDF)
3330:(PDF)
3209:. In
3106:S2CID
3078:(PDF)
3009:(PDF)
2998:S2CID
2960:(PDF)
2925:with
2878:(PDF)
2867:S2CID
2829:(PDF)
2742:(PDF)
2701:(PDF)
2645:(PDF)
2630:(PDF)
2611:S2CID
2567:S2CID
2490:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2337:S2CID
1971:S2CID
1457:like
1371:like
1361:like
1351:like
819:basal
761:) by
624:. In
570:torso
525:human
430:. In
266:Clade
250:Clade
224:Clade
211:Clade
198:Clade
110:is a
7954:see
6572:Maip
4030:Tawa
3905:see
3762:ISSN
3681:ISSN
3629:Gaia
3594:ISSN
3535:ISSN
3474:ASIN
3399:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3307:PMID
3227:ISBN
3172:PMID
2990:PMID
2900:PMID
2859:PMID
2788:ISBN
2634:Gaia
2559:ISSN
2448:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2025:PMID
1692:and
1662:and
1633:2007
1608:Utah
1580:and
1463:and
1426:2004
1415:and
1413:blue
1287:and
1244:and
865:and
853:and
845:and
834:, a
785:and
777:and
757:(as
745:and
721:and
710:and
626:2007
547:and
539:and
521:blue
482:ilia
432:2007
342:1905
313:2003
42:PreꞒ
3754:doi
3721:doi
3673:doi
3586:doi
3527:doi
3433:doi
3395:105
3365:464
3297:PMC
3287:doi
3162:PMC
3152:doi
3098:doi
3055:doi
2982:doi
2970:313
2892:doi
2851:doi
2839:430
2682:doi
2603:doi
2551:doi
2417:doi
2329:doi
2248:doi
2015:PMC
2005:doi
1961:doi
1710:in
1650:in
1631:in
1606:in
1307:OTM
861:by
824:of
648:or
458:or
106:in
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