51:
1463:
245:
of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and extending the effects of alcohol and reducing its toxicity. As such, they can be thought of as converses of disulfiram-like drugs. Fomepizole is used medically as an
587:
succinate may be reduced by alcohol consumption. Other effects of alcohol on antibiotic activity include altered activity of the liver enzymes that break down the antibiotic compound.
523:
A number of drugs do not cause disulfiram-like reactions, but have other unintended interactions with alcoholic drinks. For example, alcohol interferes with the efficacy of
1257:
Workowski, Kimberly A; Bachmann, Laura H; Chan, Philip A; Johnston, Christine M; Muzny, Christina A; Park, Ina; Reno, Hilary; Zenilman, Jonathan M; Bolan, Gail A (2021).
1881:
1239:
1495:
1156:
222:. Many disulfiram-like drugs act as inhibitors of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase similarly to disulfiram. However, some do not act via inhibition of this
2372:
2364:
1307:
1223:
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1099:
967:
940:
913:
769:
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2413:
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2115:
2072:
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2257:
1935:
691:
2168:
1974:
1911:
1467:
717:
2408:
2262:
1867:
2252:
2247:
2125:
1481:
595:
Natural compounds and species which have been found to cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol include:
2344:
2403:
2318:
2183:
2163:
2095:
1906:
1004:
Mergenhagen, Kari A.; Wattengel, Bethany A.; Skelly, Megan K.; Clark, Collin M.; Russo, Thomas A. (21 February 2020).
2297:
1620:
580:
200:
94:
1119:
1789:
615:
1930:
1890:
176:
74:
Alcohol sensitizers; Alcohol-sensitizing agents; Alcohol-deterrent drugs; Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
583:, which may result in vomiting, nausea, and shortness of breath. In addition, the efficacy of doxycycline and
2158:
1160:
2222:
2198:
2193:
2178:
2105:
2100:
1925:
2039:
1916:
317:
316:
these with a methylthiotetrazole side chain or a methylthiodioxotriazine ring; thought to be due to common
2398:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2292:
2208:
1729:
1415:"Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition generates a reactive dopamine metabolite autotoxic to dopamine neurons"
621:
606:
493:
132:
2173:
2287:
2217:
234:
171:
2153:
2090:
299:
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an unintended effect include:
1989:
932:
Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the
Clinical Laboratory: An Overview for Healthcare and Safety Professionals
2348:
2302:
2188:
1505:
695:
274:
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an intended effect include:
214:. A variety of other drugs cause disulfiram-like reactions upon consumption of alcohol as unintended
2203:
2110:
1979:
1518:
729:
227:
1969:
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17:
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413:
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192:
89:
1053:
Kitson TM (1987). "The effect of cephalosporin antibiotics on alcohol metabolism: a review".
930:
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203:
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2282:
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2024:
2009:
1209:
1006:"Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions"
371:
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160:
792:
Fraser AG (1997). "Pharmacokinetic interactions between alcohol and other drugs".
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1999:
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Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other disulfiram-like drugs,
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69:
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223:
168:
124:
646:
List of agents previously thought to cause disulfiram-like reactions
579:-like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by
2237:
2029:
2004:
2120:
2019:
1364:"Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis"
761:
Rosen's
Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice E-Book
634:
391:
326:, which is similar in structure to disulfiram. Such drugs include
855:"Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites"
2034:
1863:
1477:
1308:"Er det virkelig farlig å kombinere metronidazol og alkohol?"
1240:"Herbal Approaches to Alcohol Dependence: Evidence and Risks"
1259:"Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021"
1185:
Poisonous
Mushrooms of the Northern United States and Canada
159:
among others. These effects are caused by accumulation of
1413:
Doorn JA, Florang VR, Schamp JH, Vanle BC (January 2014).
1362:
Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L (August 2019).
758:
John Marx; Ron Walls; Robert
Hockberger (1 August 2013).
962:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 399–.
908:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 175–.
1215:
Handbook of
Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment
2311:
2144:
2081:
1897:
1788:
1682:
1572:
1517:
1306:Fjeld, Hilde; Raknes, Guttorm (16 September 2014).
836:
101:
88:
78:
68:
63:
34:
1583:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
902:Helmut K. Seitz; B. Kommerell (6 December 2012).
206:, preventing the metabolism of acetaldehyde into
1116:"Can I drink alcohol while taking antibiotics?"
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
226:, and instead act via other, poorly elucidated
27:Drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol
959:Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems
848:
846:
844:
119:is a drug that causes an adverse reaction to
1875:
1489:
1145:(6th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1118:. NHS Direct (UK electronic health service).
787:
785:
783:
781:
8:
905:Alcohol Related Diseases in Gastroenterology
764:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2398–.
1159:. McGill University, Canada. Archived from
174:. The reaction has been variously termed a
1882:
1868:
1860:
1799:
1693:
1653:
1553:
1496:
1482:
1474:
1434:
1389:
1379:
1323:
1282:
1029:
878:
853:McMartin K, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE (2016).
1212:; David G. Spoerke (27 September 1994).
834:Mutalik, M., & Sanghavi, D. (2014).
199:(brand name Antabuse), which acts as an
1188:. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 131–.
741:
1312:Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening
58:, the prototypical drug of this class.
31:
1010:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
502:, specifically the first generation:
7:
1122:from the original on 24 October 2010
929:Amitava Dasgupta (17 October 2016).
1091:Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies
956:Reginald Smart (22 November 2013).
539:present in tap beers and red wine.
935:. Elsevier Science. pp. 77–.
210:, and is used in the treatment of
25:
1263:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
692:Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
241:(brand name Antizol) inhibit the
1756:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
1461:
806:10.2165/00003088-199733020-00001
49:
18:Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
2373:Monoamine metabolism modulators
718:3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
496:: sulfamethoxazole likely safe
1:
2365:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
2345:Receptor/signaling modulators
1427:10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70019-1
1218:. CRC Press. pp. 303–.
1143:Stockley's Drug Interactions
1094:. McGraw Hill Professional.
1067:10.1016/0741-8329(87)90035-8
631:(brawny bolete) among others
437:Nitrovasodilators (nitrates)
390:: causes headache via a non-
2419:Substance-related disorders
1761:Morphine (extended-release)
1421:. 20 Suppl 1 (1): S73–S75.
1182:Joseph F. Ammirati (1985).
1088:Lewis R. Goldfrank (2006).
2435:
2369:Monoamine releasing agents
1804:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1698:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1658:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1558:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
696:dopaminergic neurotoxicity
687:Dopaminergic neurotoxicity
581:acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
201:acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
95:Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
2414:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
2337:
1891:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
1790:Benzodiazepine dependence
1419:Parkinsonism Relat Disord
1381:10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6
619:(club-footed clitocybe),
616:Ampulloclitocybe clavipes
508:glibenclamide (glyburide)
167:of alcohol formed by the
106:
48:
39:
535:may be sensitive to the
177:disulfiram-like reaction
1325:10.4045/tidsskr.14.0081
641:), conflicting evidence
1275:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
702:-related dopaminergic
622:Coprinus atramentarius
427:Mepacrine (quinacrine)
356:latamoxef (moxalactam)
2409:Disulfiram-like drugs
2268:MDMA (midomafetamine)
1468:Disulfiram-like drugs
625:(common inkcap), and
235:alcohol dehydrogenase
186:acetaldehyde syndrome
172:alcohol dehydrogenase
2131:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
2053:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
2043:-Methylnorsalsolinol
1470:at Wikimedia Commons
1141:Stockley IH (2002).
1022:10.1128/aac.02167-19
607:1-aminocyclopropanol
547:Antibiotics such as
321:-methylthiotetrazole
163:, a major but toxic
149:abdominal discomfort
117:disulfiram-like drug
35:Disulfiram-like drug
2253:MDA (tenamfetamine)
2184:4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA)
2126:MDA (tenamfetamine)
1615:General anesthetics
1519:Nicotine dependence
1163:on 16 February 2008
859:Br J Clin Pharmacol
730:Alcohol intolerance
237:inhibitors such as
182:alcohol intolerance
2404:Alcohol and health
1921:-Cysteinyldopamine
1769:Opioid antagonists
1629:Opioid antagonists
1607:Hydrogen cyanamide
1574:Alcohol dependence
1246:. 7 December 2016.
794:Clin Pharmacokinet
706:by preventing the
414:immunosuppressants
289:Hydrogen cyanamide
2381:
2380:
2376:
2213:-Dimethyldopamine
2204:α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA)
1857:
1856:
1736:Levacetylmethadol
1684:Opioid dependence
1602:Calcium carbimide
1466:Media related to
1318:(17): 1661–1663.
1225:978-0-8493-0194-0
1195:978-0-8166-1407-3
1157:"Antibiotics FAQ"
1101:978-0-07-147914-1
969:978-1-4613-3626-6
942:978-0-12-809334-4
915:978-3-642-70048-4
871:10.1111/bcp.12824
771:978-1-4557-4987-4
704:neurodegeneration
628:Imperator torosus
604:active metabolite
279:Calcium carbimide
216:drug interactions
195:of this group is
193:prototypical drug
113:
112:
90:Biological target
64:Class identifiers
16:(Redirected from
2426:
2339:
1990:Dopamine quinone
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1831:Chlordiazepoxide
1805:
1801:
1751:Dihydroetorphine
1699:
1695:
1659:
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1585:
1559:
1555:
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1484:
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1410:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1368:Mol Neurodegener
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1016:(3): e02167-19.
1001:
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675:sulfamethoxazole
53:
32:
21:
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2425:
2424:
2423:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2333:
2307:
2283:Norfenfluramine
2273:Methamphetamine
2140:
2077:
2030:MPP (cyperquat)
2025:Methamphetamine
1936:ALDH inhibitors
1893:
1888:
1858:
1853:
1816:Benzodiazepines
1803:
1784:
1697:
1678:
1657:
1568:
1557:
1513:
1506:drug dependence
1502:
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1210:Barry H. Rumack
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772:
757:
756:
743:
738:
726:
689:
648:
639:Pueraria lobata
593:
545:
521:
446:Nitroimidazoles
407:(weak evidence)
379:(weak evidence)
372:Ethacrynic acid
367:Chloramphenicol
362:Chloral hydrate
297:
272:
267:
256:ethylene glycol
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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1931:6-OHDA quinone
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1456:External links
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1244:Pharmacy Times
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681:Nitrofurantoin
678:
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527:. Patients on
520:
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504:chlorpropamide
497:
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479:Phenylbutazone
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310:Cephalosporins
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265:List of agents
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151:, and general
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2399:Alcohol abuse
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2361:Serotonergics
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2357:Melatonergics
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2353:Dopaminergics
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2157:
2155:
2154:2'-Amino-MPTP
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
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2114:
2112:
2111:6-Hydroxydopa
2109:
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2102:
2099:
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2094:
2092:
2091:2'-Amino-MPTP
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2083:Noradrenergic
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Norsalsolinol
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Fenpropathrin
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:DOPAL quinone
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:methylmercury
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1848:Phenobarbital
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:Buprenorphine
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:Nitrous oxide
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1504:Treatment of
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
976:
971:
965:
961:
960:
952:
949:
944:
938:
934:
933:
925:
922:
917:
911:
907:
906:
898:
895:
890:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
865:(3): 505–15.
864:
860:
856:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
831:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
786:
784:
782:
778:
773:
767:
763:
762:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
742:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:of the toxic
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
668:
667:Cotrimoxazole
665:
662:
658:
655:
653:
652:Metronidazole
650:
649:
645:
640:
636:
633:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
608:
605:
601:
598:
597:
596:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:metronidazole
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:Sulfonylureas
498:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
459:
456:(disproven),
455:
454:metronidazole
451:
447:
444:
442:
441:nitroglycerin
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
419:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
320:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
300:
294:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
269:
264:
262:
260:
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2341:
2340:
2228:Fenfluramine
2210:
2146:Serotonergic
2040:
1970:DOPA quinone
1918:
1899:Dopaminergic
1843:Barbiturates
1841:
1814:
1797:
1767:
1718:
1691:
1651:
1627:
1613:
1581:
1551:
1542:Mecamylamine
1418:
1408:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1315:
1311:
1301:
1269:(4): 1–187.
1266:
1262:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1214:
1204:
1184:
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1151:
1142:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1110:
1090:
1083:
1061:(3): 143–8.
1058:
1054:
1048:
1013:
1009:
958:
951:
931:
924:
904:
897:
862:
858:
835:
830:
800:(2): 79–90.
797:
793:
760:
694:may produce
690:
671:trimethoprim
638:
626:
620:
614:
594:
585:erythromycin
573:furazolidone
565:cefoperazone
557:cephamandole
546:
525:erythromycin
522:
494:Sulfonamides
474:Phentolamine
450:benznidazole
418:pimecrolimus
405:Ketoconazole
398:Procarbazine
377:Griseofulvin
344:cefoperazone
318:
313:
298:
273:
232:
220:side effects
190:
185:
181:
175:
161:acetaldehyde
139:, throbbing
116:
114:
102:Legal status
40:
29:
2349:Adrenergics
2233:Haloperidol
2000:Haloperidol
1950:Amphetamine
1597:Acamprosate
1547:Varenicline
1347:22 February
1167:17 February
1126:17 February
698:or augment
661:secnidazole
609:; found in
569:cefmenoxime
543:Antibiotics
512:tolbutamide
484:Propranolol
352:ceftriaxone
336:cefmetazole
332:cefmenoxime
328:cefamandole
208:acetic acid
123:leading to
108:In Wikidata
2388:Categories
2169:2,4,5-THMA
2068:Salsolinol
1940:disulfiram
1912:2,4,5-THMA
1774:Naltrexone
1708:Lofexidine
1647:Topiramate
1635:Naltrexone
1592:Disulfiram
736:References
715:metabolite
708:catabolism
657:Tinidazole
577:disulfiram
575:, cause a
553:tinidazole
517:Tolazoline
469:Phenacetin
458:ornidazole
432:Nilutamide
422:tacrolimus
383:Hydrazines
324:metabolite
295:Unintended
284:Disulfiram
243:metabolism
239:fomepizole
228:mechanisms
212:alcoholism
197:disulfiram
165:metabolite
83:Alcoholism
56:Disulfiram
42:Drug class
2342:See also:
2164:2,4,5-THA
2096:2,4,5-THA
1907:2,4,5-THA
1826:Lorazepam
1809:Clonidine
1779:Nalmefene
1741:Methadone
1730:+naloxone
1703:Clonidine
1663:Clonidine
1640:Nalmefene
1586:inhibitor
1563:Clonidine
1527:Bupropion
1374:(1): 35.
1334:0029-2001
720:(DOPAL).
611:mushrooms
561:latamoxef
533:tedizolid
529:linezolid
464:Pargyline
411:Macrolide
394:mechanism
388:Isoniazid
348:cefotetan
340:cefonicid
259:poisoning
204:inhibitor
137:dizziness
2312:Unsorted
2136:Xylamine
2063:Rotenone
2058:Paraquat
2015:Mancozeb
1985:Dopamine
1965:Dieldrin
1836:Oxazepam
1821:Diazepam
1714:Ibogaine
1674:Phenibut
1669:Baclofen
1537:Lobeline
1532:Cytisine
1445:24262193
1400:31488222
1342:25223673
1293:34292926
1120:Archived
1040:31871085
889:26551875
822:45547473
724:See also
712:dopamine
613:such as
537:tyramine
489:Sulfiram
448:such as
439:such as
416:such as
305:Abacavir
270:Intended
252:methanol
250:against
248:antidote
157:symptoms
153:hangover
141:headache
133:flushing
129:vomiting
97:, others
70:Synonyms
2394:Alcohol
2199:5,7-DHT
2194:5,6-DHT
2179:3,4-DCA
2159:2,4-DCA
2116:DOPEGAL
2106:5,7-DHT
2101:5,6-DHT
1960:Daidzin
1955:Benomyl
1938:(e.g.,
1926:5,6-DHT
1720:Opioids
1436:3932615
1391:6728988
1284:8344968
1075:3593530
1055:Alcohol
1031:7038249
880:4767193
814:9260032
600:Coprine
591:Natural
121:alcohol
2319:5-HIAL
1443:
1433:
1398:
1388:
1340:
1332:
1291:
1281:
1222:
1192:
1098:
1073:
1038:
1028:
966:
939:
912:
887:
877:
820:
812:
768:
602:, via
571:, and
510:, and
354:, and
312:, but
224:enzyme
184:, and
169:enzyme
155:-like
125:nausea
2329:RHPTP
2189:5-IAI
2121:DSP-4
2073:Ziram
2020:Maneb
1975:DOPAL
818:S2CID
700:aging
635:Kudzu
392:ALDH2
145:chest
2324:RHPP
2298:PCMA
2278:MMAI
2263:MDEA
2258:MDAI
2248:MBDB
2243:HPTP
2174:3-CA
2035:MPTP
2010:HPTP
1510:N07B
1441:PMID
1396:PMID
1349:2022
1338:PMID
1330:ISSN
1289:PMID
1220:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1169:2008
1128:2008
1096:ISBN
1071:PMID
1036:PMID
964:ISBN
937:ISBN
910:ISBN
885:PMID
810:PMID
766:ISBN
659:and
531:and
420:and
314:only
254:and
218:and
191:The
147:and
2303:PIA
2293:PCA
2288:PBA
2238:HPP
2223:DCA
2218:αET
2005:HPP
1431:PMC
1423:doi
1386:PMC
1376:doi
1320:doi
1316:134
1279:PMC
1271:doi
1063:doi
1026:PMC
1018:doi
875:PMC
867:doi
802:doi
79:Use
2390::
2371:•
2367:•
2363:•
2359:•
2355:•
2351:•
2347:•
2209:α,
1942:,
1917:5-
1800:AA
1694:AA
1654:AA
1584:AD
1554:AA
1439:.
1429:.
1417:.
1394:.
1384:.
1372:14
1370:.
1366:.
1336:.
1328:.
1314:.
1310:.
1287:.
1277:.
1267:70
1265:.
1261:.
1242:.
1069:.
1057:.
1034:.
1024:.
1014:64
1012:.
1008:.
978:^
883:.
873:.
863:81
861:.
857:.
843:^
816:.
808:.
798:33
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780:^
744:^
567:,
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559:,
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346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
261:.
230:.
188:.
180:,
143:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
115:A
2211:N
2041:N
1946:)
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1876:t
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1846:(
1838:)
1819:(
1811:)
1807:(
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1728:(
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1171:.
1130:.
1104:.
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1065::
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1020::
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869::
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804::
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677:)
673:/
669:(
663:.
637:(
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319:N
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
