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completely comprehended by these men of power, scientific or religious. She belongs instead to the marginal communities of immigrants, servants, and mad people, who are always vulnerable, and often lost—as Grace lost her mother, and Mary
Whitney (her only friend). The only simple truths for Grace are about things—quilts, sheets, carpets, petticoats, the laundry of her life; she gains confidence from a needle and thread. As Margaret Atwood says, "The true character of the historical Grace Marks remains an enigma." It may be noted that the publication of this book corresponds in time with the height of psychiatric interest in "multiple personality disorder" as a legitimate category of illness. This idea goes back to the late 19th century and is associated with the practice of Mesmerism, which evolved into a technique called clinical hypnosis that was often relied upon as a source of "truth" in patients who were otherwise prone to telling the clinician what the clinician wanted to hear. This technique has been largely discredited by the accumulated evidence that trance causes in its subjects increased certainty of the truth of certain memories, whether or not they are in fact true, and that what we remember is often substantially distorted by our own desires. From a psychiatric perspective, Atwood's version of Grace's story is entirely consistent with a diagnosis of multiple personality disorder, including the perplexing fact that the clinician can rarely be certain of the actual events "remembered" by the patient.
375:
after DuPont puts Grace to sleep, the voice of Mary
Whitney takes over, gleefully telling everyone she haunted Grace because her soul was not freed when she died. She said she possessed Grace's body on the day of the murders, and drove McDermott to help her kill Montgomery and Kinnear. She says Grace does not remember because she did not know what happened. Jordan allows that there have been some scientific reports of a "double personality" phenomenon, but he evades the committee's request for his report and leaves town, claiming his mother is ill. He promises to send them the report, but returning home, he promptly joins the Union Army. After he is wounded in the war, he moves into his mother's house. The last word he says is "Grace". Grace eventually is pardoned, and according to the novel she changes her name and begins a new life in the United States.
522:, making parallels between Grace's interest in quilts and the meanings of their patterns and Grace's storytelling, her creation of a domestic history, in which Dr. Jordan hopes to discern patterns. Grace tells her life story to the doctor as a chronology, but, as she does, she reflects on what she tells him like it was a patchwork of experiences. Each patch is destined to fill a particular place in the quilt, and they must all be created before the quilt can be assembled, much as historical research, and especially research on women in history, requires examination of many disparate sources in order to construct a chronological account.
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reader's uncertainty about her guilt. Dr. Jordan's thoughts and actions are told by a focalized third-person narrator, as well as his own point of view, allowing the reader to see the contradictions between his words, sometimes even his thoughts, and his actions, as does the inclusion of his correspondence in the book. Similarly, other people's letters and quotations from newspapers, letters, poems, and other textual sources echo the patchwork quilting metaphor in that the author used many sources from various perspectives to piece together the whole story.
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pregnant and Grace had to take care of the younger children. She tells the doctor details of the filthy crowded conditions in the hold of the ship where her mother sickened and died. In Canada, because her father continued to spend his earnings on alcohol, she and the children nearly starved and with her mother gone, Grace's father began abusing her and even at one point attempted to rape her. Jordan listens but is impatient, viewing her early privations and abuse as irrelevant to the case.
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young men, Mary told her "if there is a ring, there had better be a parson" (p. 165). Mary herself became pregnant – presumably by a son of the family – and died from a botched abortion. Grace had helped Mary get home and into bed, but awoke the next morning to find Mary dead. Grace was troubled afterwards by the idea that she should have opened the window during the night when Mary died to let her soul out (p. 178).
449:", was a new development at the time. It was first taught in European universities, and advocated that inmates be treated as patients rather than prisoners. Although the Victorian era was a time of some scientific progress, many Victorians were very much interested in the paranormal, supernatural and occult, hence the use of mesmerism, hypnotism, or spiritualism were viewed as legitimate methods of inquiry.
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the ruling oligarchies, which also worried the upper classes. The idea that the lower classes could rise above their station by hard work or cleverness (rather than by ancestry and inheritance) was finding acceptance in the United States, so the
Canadian aristocracy, basing their identity on their English heritage, felt threatened.
371:
He is not attracted to her and turns her away several times. He gives her money so she can keep the house thinking she will stop bothering him, but that only provokes her to try harder until she finally seduces him once, only for him to tell her that he wished it to be with someone else and never with her.
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had taken place six years before the
Kinnear and Montgomery murders in 1843, but it still affected public sentiment. The Rebellion terrorized the upper classes even though the rebels were quickly defeated. Government reforms made soon after the Rebellion reduced corruption and restricted the power of
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As a serving girl, Grace tells the doctor how she met Mary
Whitney, then her roommate and only friend. Mary taught Grace how to act the role of a servant, and joked with her about the family's upper class airs, when nobody else was listening. Giving motherly advice on how to stay out of trouble with
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Grace Marks, the convicted murderess, has been hired out from prison to serve as a domestic servant in the home of the
Governor of the penitentiary. A Committee of gentlemen and ladies from the Methodist church, led by the minister, hopes to have her pardoned and released. Grace cannot remember what
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Grace continues her story in vivid detail, making an effort to keep the doctor interested. He is aroused by Grace's descriptions of James McDermott's advances and Thomas
Kinnear's affair with Nancy Montgomery. The doctor's landlady, whose drunken husband had by then left her, throws herself at him.
536:
Modern readers may not be satisfied with the idea that Mary, alias Grace, was the murderer. Others might view the use of the term "alias" in the title as suggesting that in their search for the truth about Grace Marks, both readers and characters may be frustrated by duplicity. Grace resists being
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style, highlighting the social ills of the time, while exhibiting the corruption and moral hypocrisy of the upper class. Supernatural phenomena, like the ghost of Mary
Whitney, fit the Gothic style, as well as the Victorian spiritualist sensibility, justifying the ghost of Mary Whitney's gleefully
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A spiritualist on the committee has long since proposed that a Dr. DuPont, "Neuro-Hypnotist", should put Grace in a trance and arouse her unconscious memory. Jordan, now mostly concerned with escaping the designs of his landlady, can no longer dissuade the committee. It appears to all present that
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the murderess was in fact a model prisoner and eventually pardoned. In the novel, she maintains a carefully respectful demeanour. She is more intelligent and observant than she lets on. While she very much resents being made a spectacle as the famed murderess, she is grateful for the effort being
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Jordan tries to lead Grace into talking about her dreams and her memories, but she evades his suggestions, so he asks her to start at the beginning, and she proceeds to tell him the story of her life. Grace tells of early childhood in
Ireland where her father was often drunk and her mother often
313:
Although the novel is based on factual events, Atwood constructs a narrative with a fictional doctor, Simon Jordan, who researches the case. While Jordan is ostensibly conducting research into criminal behaviour, he slowly becomes personally involved in the Marks story and seeks to reconcile his
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The portrayal of Grace Marks through a postmodern narrative has been viewed as a deliberate contrast with her faithful reproduction of the details of
Victorian domestic life, or as a deliberate defense against Grace's objectification. The idea that a gentleman in Victorian Canada would sit in a
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The main narrator is Grace, whose thoughts and speech are in the first person, and sometimes blend into one another without quotation marks to indicate what is said out loud and what is not. This creates uncertainty at times, echoing the doctor's uncertainty about Grace's truthfulness, and the
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James McDermott was convicted of the murder of Kinnear and executed. He was employed as a stableman and handyman at Kinnear's. He was reputed to be a rough character, a rebellious Irishman, resentful of the English. In the novel, being told to answer to Kinnear's housekeeper, Nancy Montgomery,
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sewing room day after day listening to the life story of a female servant (no matter how pretty or well-mannered or notorious she might be) is of course, incongruous. However, as Margaret Atwood herself pointed out, "In a Victorian novel, Grace would say, "Now it all comes back to me"; but as
359:, so the minister hires Dr. Simon Jordan, a psychiatrist, to interview her, hoping he will find her to be a hysteric, and not a criminal. An arrangement is made so that Jordan will interview Grace during afternoons in the sewing room in the governor's mansion.
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Mary Whitney is a fictional character, a maid, and friend of Grace. Mary believes in herself and in Canada as a place that a hard-working girl can earn her way. She plans to save her wages for a dowry so she can marry a farmer and be mistress of her own
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Atwood has often used images of sewing and other domestic arts in her novels, illustrating women's creativity, constrained as it was, historically, to domestic objects. Names of quilt patterns are used as titles of the 15 book sections in
331:, a cycle of poems informed by the published works of Moodie. It became a classic of Canadian literature, as it lyrically evokes the experience of life in the wilderness, immigrant life, and colonial times. Subsequently, Atwood wrote the
412:
Jeremiah Pontelli is a fictional character. Jeremiah the peddler, alias Geraldo Ponti, magician, alias Dr. Jerome DuPont, "Neuro-Hypnotist", first met Grace when she was a new housemaid and he was peddling house to house in
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Alias Grace Park, as it has been named with permission from the author and publisher of the novel, will be constructed between Ridgestone Drive and Aladdin Crescent, near Yonge Street and Elgin Mills Road.
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Simon Jordan, M.D., is a fictional character, a well-traveled and educated young physician who intends to make his career in mental health, planning to open a private asylum someday.
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for 15 years in 1859, when the novel begins. Among Toronto and Kingston society, Atwood portrays the highly moralistic, straitlaced language and behaviour of the
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811:. "'Cloth Flowers That Bleed': Haunting, Hysteria, and Diaspora in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace.": McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 149–185.
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premiered a stage version written by Jennifer Blackmer. The same adaptation was then produced by Rivendell Theatre Ensemble in
460:. In September 2009, 13 years after the release of the book, Richmond Hill introduced "Alias Grace Park" named after the book.
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Exclusive interviews, a book excerpt, and an audio excerpt; plus text of an 1843 letter used as research for the novel.
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and James McDermott, were convicted of the crime. McDermott was hanged and Marks was sentenced to life imprisonment.
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Peters, Joan Douglas (2015). "Feminist narratology revisited: dialogizing gendered rhetorics in Alias Grace".
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The story fictionalizes the notorious 1843 murders of Thomas Kinnear and his housekeeper Nancy Montgomery in
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Nancy Montgomery, Kinnear's mistress and housekeeper and the murder victim of James McDermott and Grace.
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898:"Modernism/Postmodernism: Subverting Binaries in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin"
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1003:"Historical Figures and Paradoxical Patterns: The Quilting Metaphor in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace"
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is not a Victorian novel, she does not say that, and, if she did, would we—any longer—believe her?"
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perception of the mild-mannered woman he sees with the murder of which she has been convicted.
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Atwood, Margaret (1998). "In Search of Alias Grace: On Writing Canadian Historical Fiction".
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into a feature film. This has since evolved into a television miniseries which aired on
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evil confession. Returning from the dead is a recurring theme in Atwood's novels.
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from age 12 until 16, when the famous murders took place. She had resided in the
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Thomas Kinnear was a wealthy Scottish farmer who was murdered in his home in
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The Victorian Web: literature, history and culture in the age of Victoria
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happened on the day of the murders, and she exhibits symptoms of
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about Marks, also based on Susanna Moodie's account. However, in
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in Canada in October and November 2017, and streams globally on
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691:. "Author's Afterword": McClelland & Stewart. p. 462.
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Cover-story interview with Margaret Atwood discussing
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
283:is a historical fiction novel by Canadian writer
778:"New park's theme based on Atwood's Alias Grace"
317:Atwood first encountered the story of Marks in
2271:Canadian novels adapted into television shows
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1238:
8:
656:– via GALE Literature Resource Center.
426:Grace Marks, born in 1826, lived in or near
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809:DisPossession: Haunting in Canadian Fiction
456:as the location of the Kinnear farm within
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306:. Two servants of the Kinnear household,
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2246:Scotiabank Giller Prize-winning works
776:Robertson, Kate (11 September 2009).
670:Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush
555:announced that she would be adapting
319:Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush
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1189:Margaret Atwood Profile at Bold Type
1157:Hampshire, Kathryn (15 March 2015).
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445:The study of mental health, called "
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1977:Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures
1941:The In-Between World of Vikram Lall
830:Niederhoff, Burkhard (2006–2007).
14:
1032:Michael, Magali Cournier (2001).
1590:Speeches for Doctor Frankenstein
614:Katz, Briget (1 November 2017).
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229:Print (hardback & paperback)
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166:Head of a girl in a green dress
41:needs additional citations for
19:For the television series, see
2251:McClelland & Stewart books
1606:The Journals of Susanna Moodie
1007:Studies in Canadian Literature
871:Studies in Canadian Literature
328:The Journals of Susanna Moodie
1:
1459:Good Bones and Simple Murders
927:Blanc, Marie-Therese (2006).
578:, directed by Karen Kessler.
287:. First published in 1996 by
16:1996 novel by Margaret Atwood
865:Lovelady, Stephanie (1999).
842:(1–3): 60–91. Archived from
481:The novel is written in the
325:. In 1970, Atwood published
295:and was shortlisted for the
1662:Morning in the Burned House
1598:The Animals in That Country
1208:Magazine, 27 February 1997.
896:Ingersoll, Earl G. (2007).
170:Kong (first edition design)
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2236:Canadian historical novels
2108:Do Not Say We Have Nothing
1614:Procedures for Underground
1200:, originally published in
968:American Historical Review
673:. London: Richard Bentley.
642:Americas (English Edition)
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388:made to have her pardoned.
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2231:Novels by Margaret Atwood
1705:Negotiating with the Dead
1164:The Ball State Daily News
1077:English Studies in Canada
1060:– via Project MUSE.
1001:Murray, Jennifer (2001).
955:– via Project MUSE.
933:English Studies in Canada
807:Goldman, Marlene (2012).
687:Atwood, Margaret (1996).
532:Identity (social science)
201:Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
135:
1905:Mercy among the Children
1860:The Love of a Good Woman
1071:Lopez, Maria J. (2012).
752:"Victorian Spiritualism"
667:Moodie, Susanna (1853).
636:Mujica, Barbara (1997).
547:Alias Grace (miniseries)
289:McClelland & Stewart
197:McClelland & Stewart
21:Alias Grace (miniseries)
2241:Novels set in the 1840s
2191:The Sleeping Car Porter
2162:Souvankham Thammavongsa
1525:The Resplendent Quetzal
902:Margaret Atwood Studies
737:10.5325/style.49.3.0299
729:10.5325/style.49.3.0299
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483:Southern Ontario Gothic
2167:How to Pronounce Knife
1119:5 January 2012 at the
1038:Modern Fiction Studies
454:Richmond Hill, Ontario
393:Richmond Hill, Ontario
291:, it won the Canadian
162:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
2261:Novels set in Ontario
2179:What Strange Paradise
1499:Old Babes in the Wood
1366:The Year of the Flood
1089:10.1353/esc.2012.0030
1050:10.1353/mfs.2001.0045
790:on 15 December 2017.
572:Ball State University
432:Kingston Penitentiary
402:infuriated McDermott.
2226:1996 Canadian novels
2001:Through Black Spruce
1900:David Adams Richards
1202:The Minnesota Daily'
846:on 17 September 2016
620:Smithsonian Magazine
258:(first U.K. edition)
203:(first U.K. edition)
50:improve this article
2266:Fiction set in 1859
2256:Fiction set in 1843
2203:Study for Obedience
2036:The Sentimentalists
1965:The Time in Between
1812:The Book of Secrets
1740:Film and television
1713:Writing with Intent
1467:The Labrador Fiasco
1382:The Heart Goes Last
1310:The Handmaid's Tale
1121:Library of Congress
750:Diniejko, Andrzej.
142:First edition cover
132:
1989:Late Nights on Air
1791:Recipients of the
1427:Murder in the Dark
1342:The Blind Assassin
1144:The Globe and Mail
1103:on 22 August 2009.
945:10.1353/esc.0.0022
187:Historical fiction
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1566:Double Persephone
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1848:Barney's Version
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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2186:Suzette Mayr
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2144:Reproduction
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2139:Ian Williams
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2096:Fifteen Dogs
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1895:Anil's Ghost
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1872:A Good House
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1646:True Stories
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839:
836:Connotations
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783:postcity.com
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350:Plot summary
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297:Booker Prize
293:Giller Prize
279:
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131:Alias Grace
127:
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106:October 2019
103:
93:
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2127:Esi Edugyan
2043:Esi Edugyan
1972:Vincent Lam
1948:Alice Munro
1855:Alice Munro
1836:Alias Grace
1689:Non-fiction
1582:Expeditions
1558:collections
1411:collections
1334:Alias Grace
1302:Bodily Harm
1286:Lady Oracle
1213:Alias Grace
1197:Alias Grace
1017:5 September
974:(5): 1515.
912:5 September
881:5 September
850:5 September
761:5 September
689:Alias Grace
652:5 September
576:Chicago, IL
557:Alias Grace
541:Adaptations
520:Alias Grace
502:Main themes
496:Alias Grace
385:Grace Marks
344:Alias Grace
308:Grace Marks
304:Canada West
280:Alias Grace
2220:Categories
2067:Lynn Coady
1654:Interlunar
1546:Freeforall
1451:Good Bones
1013:(1): 65–83
598:References
76:newspapers
2072:Hellgoing
1374:MaddAddam
1318:Cat's Eye
1278:Surfacing
1253:Works by
1097:162148020
1058:161480530
953:170815130
570:In 2016,
551:In 2012,
193:Publisher
168:, 1850–65
1697:Survival
1670:The Door
1548:" (1986)
1541:" (1983)
1534:" (1983)
1527:" (1977)
1520:" (1977)
1475:The Tent
1390:Hag-Seed
1117:Archived
526:Identity
464:Politics
447:alienism
357:hysteria
271:35936659
175:Language
1953:Runaway
1721:Payback
1218:Netflix
1206:A&E
1170:2 March
988:2649966
565:Netflix
428:Toronto
422:Setting
415:Toronto
178:English
90:scholar
2206:(2023)
2194:(2022)
2182:(2021)
2170:(2020)
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2135:(2018)
2123:(2017)
2111:(2016)
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2075:(2013)
2063:(2012)
2051:(2011)
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2016:(2009)
2004:(2008)
1992:(2007)
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1968:(2005)
1956:(2004)
1944:(2003)
1932:(2002)
1920:(2001)
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1875:(1999)
1863:(1998)
1851:(1997)
1839:(1996)
1827:(1995)
1815:(1994)
1751:(1987)
1732:(2022)
1724:(2008)
1716:(2005)
1708:(2002)
1700:(1972)
1681:(2020)
1678:Dearly
1673:(2007)
1665:(1995)
1657:(1984)
1649:(1981)
1641:(1978)
1633:(1974)
1625:(1971)
1617:(1970)
1609:(1970)
1601:(1968)
1593:(1966)
1585:(1965)
1577:(1964)
1569:(1961)
1556:Poetry
1502:(2023)
1494:(2014)
1486:(2006)
1478:(2006)
1470:(1996)
1462:(1994)
1454:(1992)
1446:(1991)
1438:(1983)
1430:(1983)
1422:(1977)
1401:(2019)
1393:(2016)
1385:(2015)
1377:(2013)
1369:(2009)
1361:(2005)
1353:(2003)
1345:(2000)
1337:(1996)
1329:(1993)
1321:(1988)
1313:(1985)
1305:(1981)
1297:(1979)
1289:(1976)
1281:(1972)
1273:(1969)
1262:Novels
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254:
221:Canada
148:Author
92:
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2155:2020s
2024:2010s
1883:2000s
1800:1990s
1093:S2CID
1054:S2CID
984:JSTOR
949:S2CID
813:JSTOR
733:JSTOR
717:Style
477:Style
409:home.
338:film
234:Pages
183:Genre
97:JSTOR
83:books
1172:2017
1019:2016
914:2016
883:2016
852:2016
763:2016
693:ISBN
654:2016
468:The
333:1974
265:OCLC
252:ISBN
243:ISBN
69:news
2060:419
1216:at
1085:doi
1046:doi
976:doi
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434:in
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