526:) has been most studied. Rice allelopathy depends on variety and origin: Japonica rice is more allelopathic than Indica and Japonica-Indica hybrid. More recently, critical review on rice allelopathy and the possibility for weed management reported that allelopathic characteristics in rice are quantitatively inherited and several allelopathy-involved traits have been identified. The use of allelochemicals in agriculture provide for a more environmentally friendly approach to weed control, as they do not leave behind residues. Currently used pesticides and herbicides leak into waterways and result in unsafe water qualities. This problem could be eliminated or significantly reduced by using allelochemicals instead of harsh herbicides. The use of cover crops also results in less soil erosion and lessens the need for nitrogen heavy fertilizers.
185:. Over the next ten years, the term was used by other researchers to describe broader chemical interactions between organisms, and by 1996 the International Allelopathy Society (IAS) defined allelopathy as "Any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants, algae, bacteria and fungi that influences the growth and development of agriculture and biological systems." In more recent times, plant researchers have begun to switch back to the original definition of substances that are produced by one plant that inhibit another plant. Confusing the issue more,
330:
20:
313:. Subsequent studies from the original lab have not been able to replicate the results from these retracted studies, nor have most independent studies conducted in other laboratories. Thus, it is doubtful whether the levels of (−)-catechin found in soils are high enough to affect competition with neighboring plants. The proposed mechanism of action (acidification of the
475:, to promote sustainable agriculture. Agricultural practices may be enhanced through the utilization of allelochemical producing plants. When used correctly, these plants can provide pesticide, herbicide, and antimicrobial qualities to crops. number of such allelochemicals are commercially available or in the process of large-scale manufacture. For example,
456:
plants it has been studied on are grasses, lettuce, and alfalfa, and on average, it will inhibit the growth of these plants by about 50%. Capsaicin has been shown to deter both herbivores and certain parasites’ performance. Herbivores such as caterpillars show decreased development when fed a diet high in capsaicin.
114:
It can often be difficult in practice to distinguish allelopathy from resource competition. While the former is caused by the addition of a harmful chemical agent to the environment, the latter is caused by the removal of essential resources (nutrients, light, water, etc.). Often, both mechanisms can
470:
Allelochemicals are a useful tool in sustainable farming due to their ability to control weeds. The possible application of allelopathy in agriculture is the subject of much research. Using allelochemical producing plants in agriculture results in significant suppression of weeds and various pests.
277:
accounted for the remaining growth reduction. For this work she inserted PVC-tubes into the ground to reduce below-ground competition or added charcoal to soil surface to reduce the impact of allelopathy, as well as a treatment combining the two methods. However, the use of activated carbon to make
45:
and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms and the community. Allelopathy is often used narrowly to describe chemically-mediated competition between plants; however, it is sometimes defined more broadly as chemically-mediated
455:
is an allelochemical found in many peppers that are cultivated by humans as a spice/food source. It is considered an allelochemical because it is not required for plant growth and survival, but instead deters herbivores and prevents other plants from sprouting in its immediate vicinity. Among the
245:
that occurs when two (or more) organisms attempt to use the same limited resource, to the detriment of one or both. In the 1970s, great effort went into distinguishing competitive and allelopathic effects by some researchers, while in the 1990s others argued that the effects were often
406:, which affects some species greatly while others not at all. However, most of the evidence for allelopathic effects of juglone come from laboratory assays and it thus remains controversial to what extent juglone affects the growth of competitors under field conditions. The
471:
Some plants will even reduce the germination rate of other plants by 50%. Current research is focused on the effects of weeds on crops, crops on weeds, and crops on crops. This research furthers the possibility of using allelochemicals as growth regulators and natural
572:
Gomes, Marcelo; Garcia, Queila; Barreto, Leilane; Pimenta, Lúcia; Matheus, Miele; Figueredo, Cleber (September 2017), "Allelopathy: An overview from micro- to macroscopic organisms, from cells to environments, and the perspectives in a climate-changing world",
173:(The Effect of Plants on Each Other - Allelopathy) published in German. He used the term to describe biochemical interactions by means of which a plant inhibits the growth of neighbouring plants. In 1971, Whittaker and Feeny published a review in the journal
361:
in 1964. Bare zones around the shrubs were hypothesized to be caused by volatile terpenes emitted by the shrubs. However, like many allelopathy studies, it was based on artificial lab experiments and unwarranted extrapolations to natural ecosystems. In 1970,
123:. Today, most ecologists recognize the existence of allelopathy, however many particular cases remain controversial. Furthermore, the specific modes of action of allelochemicals on different organisms are largely open to speculation and investigation.
1121:
Duke, S. O., F. E. Dayan, J. Bajsa, K. M. Meepagala, R. A. Hufbauer, and A. C. Blair. 2009. The case against (−)-catechin involvement in allelopathy of
Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed). Plant Signaling & Behavior 4:422–424. Taylor &
46:
competition between any type of organisms. The original concept developed by Hans
Molisch in 1937 seemed focused only on interactions between plants, between microorganisms and between microorganisms and plants. Allelochemicals are a subset of
1223:
Stinson, K.A., Campbell, S.A., Powell, J.R., Wolfe, B.E., Callaway, R.M., Thelen, G.C., Hallett, S.G., Prati, D., and
Klironomos, J.N. 2006. Invasive plant suppresses the growth of native tree seedlings by disrupting belowground mutualisms.
115:
act simultaneously. Moreover, some allelochemicals may function by reducing nutrient availability. Further confounding the issue, the production of allelochemicals can itself be affected by environmental factors such as
258:
that developed methods to separate the allelochemical effects from other competitive effects, using barley plants and inventing a process to examine the allelochemicals directly. In 1994, M.C. Nilsson at the
1109:
Perry, L. G., G. C. Thelen, W. M. Ridenour, R. M. Callaway, M. W. Paschke, and J. M. Vivanco. 2007. Concentrations of the
Allelochemical (+/-)-catechin IN Centaurea maculosa soils. J Chem Ecol 33:2337–2344.
301:, was quoted as saying that this study was "so convincing that it will 'now place allelopathy firmly back on center stage.'" However, many of the key papers associated with these findings were later
395:
Allelopathy has been shown to play a crucial role in forests, influencing the composition of the vegetation growth, and also provides an explanation for the patterns of forest regeneration. The
445:
that inhibit other plants’ growth but not its own species growth. Different crops react differently to these allelochemicals, so wheat yield decreases, while rice increases in the presence of
2084:
Sheeja B.D. 1993. Allelopathic effects of
Eupatorium odoratum L. and Lantana camara, L. on four major crops. M. Phil dissertation submitted to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.
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on allelopathy enlarged the definition to include all direct positive or negative effects of a plant on another plant or on micro-organisms by the liberation of biochemicals into the
2149:
A factor toxic to seedlings of the same species associated with living roots of the non-gregarious subtropical rain forest tree
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889:
Liu D and Lovett J (1994) Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley I Developing techniques and assessing allelopathy in barley
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366:
published a study where caging the shrubs to exclude rodents and birds allowed grass to grow in the bare zones. A detailed history of this story can be found in Halsey 2004.
226:, a book on agriculture and medicinal plants, described 267 plants that had pesticidal abilities, including those with allelopathic effects. In 1832, the Swiss botanist
177:, which proposed an expanded definition of allelochemical interactions that would incorporate all chemical interactions among organisms. In 1984, Elroy Leon Rice in his
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California coastal sage scrub and chamise chaparral.
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Lau, Jennifer A.; Puliafico, Kenneth P.; Kopshever, Joseph A.; Steltzer, Heidi; Jarvis, Edward P.; Schwarzländer, Mark; Strauss, Sharon Y.; Hufbauer, Ruth A. (2008).
278:
inferences about allelopathy has itself been criticized because of the potential for the charcoal to directly affect plant growth by altering nutrient availability.
898:
Liu D and Lovett J (1994) Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. II. Phytotoxicity of barley allelochemicals Journal of Chemical Ecology 19:2231-2244.
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Cipollini, D. 2016. A review of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae) as an allelopathic plant. tbot 143:339–348. Torrey Botanical Society.
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interdependent and could not readily be distinguished. However, by 1994, D. L. Liu and J. V. Lowett at the Department of Agronomy and Soil Science,
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The toxicity of Eremophila mitchellii Benth. leaves in relation to the establishment of adjacent herbs. Australian Journal of Science 24: 244-245
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Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte (1994). "Separation of allelopathy and resource competition by the boreal dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup".
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852:
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694:
663:
489:(tradename Callisto), was found to be effective. It is sold to control broadleaf weeds in corn but also seems to be an effective control for
247:
241:
Allelopathy is not universally accepted among ecologists. Many have argued that its effects cannot be distinguished from the exploitation
1228:
302:
1076:
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Many invasive plant species interfere with native plants through allelopathy. A famous case of purported allelopathy is in
50:, which are not directly required for metabolism (i.e. growth, development and reproduction) of the allelopathic organism.
1132:
30:
plants as shown here despite the relative openness of the canopy and ample rainfall (>120 cm/yr) at the location.
41:
that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as
1935:
204:
Long before the term allelopathy was used, people observed the negative effects that one plant could have on another.
1725:
1321:
K. Sasikumar, C.Vijayalakshmi and K.T. Parthiban 2001. Allelopathic effects of four eucalyptus species on redgram (
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372:
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998:
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941:
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848:
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779:
690:
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617:
389:
357:
293:
485:). Although it was found to be too weak as a commercial herbicide, a chemical analog of it,
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2047:
1986:
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1901:
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1784:
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1811:
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1789:
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1002:
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621:
1657:
Hickman, Darwin T.; Comont, David; Rasmussen, Amanda; Birkett, Michael A.
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799:
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species are allelopathic for certain soil microbes and plant species. The
540:
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1139:
2157:
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198:
37:
is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more
16:
Production of biochemicals which affect the growth of other organisms
2195:
2051:
1936:"Cover Crops - Keeping Soil in Place While Providing Other Benefits"
1391:
1308:
613:
497:. Sheeja (1993) reported the allelopathic interaction of the weeds
1309:"Do black walnut trees have allelopathic effects on other plants?"
432:) is considered an invasive plant that also utilizes allelopathy.
346:
328:
273:
seedlings by ~ 40%, and that below-ground resource competition by
194:
18:
845:
Allelopathy: a physiological process with ecological implications
687:
Allelopathy: a physiological process with ecological implications
309:
showing unnaturally high levels of catechin in soils surrounding
189:
have borrowed the term to describe chemical interactions between
53:
Allelopathic interactions are an important factor in determining
494:
1209:
61:, and are also thought to be important in the success of many
305:
or majorly corrected, after it was found that they contained
160:
153:
145:
137:
1606:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 93–116,
1077:"Sample tampering leads to plant scientist's 7th retraction"
263:
in Umeå showed in a field study that allelopathy exerted by
208:, who lived around 300 BC noticed the inhibitory effects of
1890:"Use of phytotoxic rice crop residues for weed management"
2123:
Willis, R. J. 1999. Australian studies on allelopathy in
711:"Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die Andere, Allelopathie"
171:
Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere - Allelopathie
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441:, known as the miracle tree. This plant contains toxic
291:
was greeted with much fanfare after being published in
752:"Allelochemics: Chemical Interactions between Species"
520:
show strong allelopathic properties, of which rice (
1393:
Allelopathy : how plants suppress other plants
1160:
Invasive Plant Science and Management 4(1):133-141
234:were responsible for an agriculture problem called
349:. One of the most widely known early examples was
1335:Ridenour, Wendy M.; Callaway, Ragan M. (2001).
1435:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
355:, because it was on the cover of the journal
8:
1414:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
26:litter completely suppresses germination of
2091:. Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Mass.
1489:Kato-Noguchi, H.; Tanaka, Y. (2003-07-01).
1117:
1115:
479:is an allelochemical in lemon bottlebrush (
261:Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
65:. For specific examples, see black walnut (
435:Another example of allelopathy is seen in
2089:Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary
2072:Allelopathy, from Molecules to Ecosystems
2003:Allelopathy, from Molecules to Ecosystems
1968:Allelopathy, from Molecules to Ecosystems
1788:
1770:
1674:
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1506:
1283:
1265:
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984:
726:
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750:Whittaker, R. H.; Feeny, P. P. (1971).
567:
565:
561:
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1407:
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1014:
1012:
376:may be partly due to its excretion of
2040:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
1484:
1482:
1480:
254:, Australia, wrote two papers in the
7:
1390:J.), Ferguson, J. J. (James (2003).
388:between native tree roots and their
216:. In China around the first century
1753:Cheng, Fang; Cheng, Zhihui (2015).
1979:Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
14:
2201:International Allelopathy Society
2177:, Australian Journal of Science,
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709:Molisch, Hans (19 March 1938).
602:The Quarterly Review of Biology
2152:, Journal of Applied Ecology,
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1206:California Chaparral Institute
1075:Shannon Palus (3 March 2016).
131:The term allelopathy from the
119:availability, temperature and
1:
1991:10.1016/S0735-2689(99)00396-2
1726:"Allelopathy and Cover Crops"
1447:10.1080/10408398.2021.1997904
871:"Introduction to allelopathy"
2010:Population Biology of Plants
1704:10.1016/j.cropro.2004.09.020
776:10.1126/science.171.3973.757
402:produces the allelochemical
297:in 2003. One scientist, Dr.
154:
138:
24:(Australian) coastal she oak
2081:. Academic Press, New York.
1894:Weed Biology and Management
1863:Weed Biology and Management
1832:Weed Biology and Management
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256:Journal of Chemical Ecology
57:and abundance within plant
2239:
1759:Frontiers in Plant Science
1556:10.1007/s10340-021-01399-8
1254:Frontiers in Plant Science
655:The History of Allelopathy
463:
410:and root exudates of some
230:suggested that crop plant
161:
146:
2012:. Academic Press, London.
1154:) and Black swallowwort (
819:Rice, Elroy Leon (1984),
587:10.1515/biolog-2017-00019
513:on selected major crops.
252:Armidale, New South Wales
248:University of New England
2171:; Haydock, K.P. (1961),
652:Willis, Rick J. (2007).
384:that can interfere with
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1663:Ecology & Evolution
1544:Journal of Pest Science
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879:10.1007/1-4020-4280-9_1
847:, Springer, p. 2,
689:, Springer, p. 1,
658:. Springer. p. 3.
266:Empetrum hermaphroditum
334:
31:
1353:10.1007/s004420000533
873:, 2006, Part 1, 1-9,
464:Further information:
438:Leucaena leucocephala
332:
223:Shennong Ben Cao Jing
84:), spotted knapweed (
48:secondary metabolites
22:
2008:Harper, J. L. 1977.
482:Callistemon citrinus
78:), black crowberry (
55:species distribution
2196:Allelopathy Journal
1140:10.3732/ajb.1000135
922:1994Oecol..98....1N
768:1971Sci...171..757W
505:Eupatorium odoratum
500:Chromolaena odorata
422:Ailanthus altissima
183:natural environment
135:-derived compounds
90:), garlic mustard (
75:Ailanthus altissima
2183:102.100.100/331573
2109:10.1007/BF00127958
1676:10.1002/ece3.10018
1495:Biologia Plantarum
1204:131: 343-367. The
1152:Cynanchum rossicum
930:10.1007/BF00326083
466:Companion planting
352:Salvia leucophylla
335:
269:reduced growth of
93:Alliaria petiolata
72:, tree of heaven (
32:
2077:Rice, E.L. 1974.
1621:978-3-030-63575-6
1441:(19): 4009–4025.
1049:Brendan Borrell.
854:978-1-4020-4279-9
830:978-0-12-587058-0
762:(3973): 757–770.
696:978-1-4020-4279-9
665:978-1-4020-4092-4
390:mycorrhizal fungi
374:temperate forests
275:E. hermaphroditum
2228:
2221:Chemical ecology
2185:
2160:
2120:
2063:
1994:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1774:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1510:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1269:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1198:
1192:
1189:170: 1210-1212.
1183:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1148:
1142:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1081:Retraction Watch
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1055:Retraction Watch
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1027:. Archived from
1016:
1007:
1006:
988:
964:
958:
957:
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
864:
858:
857:
840:
834:
833:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
747:
741:
740:
730:
728:10.1038/141493a0
706:
700:
699:
682:
676:
675:
673:
672:
649:
634:
633:
597:
591:
590:
569:
536:Forest pathology
426:Spotted knapweed
319:oxidative damage
288:Centaurea stoebe
220:, the author of
164:
163:
157:
149:
148:
141:
87:Centaurea stoebe
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2206:
2205:
2192:
2163:
2138:
2094:
2052:10.2307/2483447
2037:
1976:
1959:
1957:Further reading
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1622:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1406:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1199:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1018:
1017:
1010:
973:New Phytologist
966:
965:
961:
907:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
867:Chang-Hung Chou
865:
861:
855:
842:
841:
837:
831:
818:
817:
813:
804:
802:
749:
748:
744:
708:
707:
703:
697:
684:
683:
679:
670:
668:
666:
651:
650:
637:
599:
598:
594:
571:
570:
563:
559:
532:
468:
462:
447:L. leucocephala
400:(Juglans nigra)
340:
327:
307:fabricated data
299:Alastair Fitter
129:
81:Empetrum nigrum
63:invasive plants
43:allelochemicals
17:
12:
11:
5:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2190:External links
2188:
2187:
2186:
2161:
2136:
2121:
2092:
2087:Webster 1983.
2085:
2082:
2075:
2064:
2046:(5): 332–351,
2035:
2024:
2013:
2006:
1995:
1985:(5): 673–693,
1974:
1971:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1927:
1911:
1900:(3): 176–184.
1880:
1869:(4): 267–275.
1849:
1838:(4): 259–266.
1818:
1804:
1745:
1716:
1707:
1691:
1682:
1649:
1640:
1620:
1587:
1550:(2): 735–747.
1530:
1501:(1): 157–159.
1476:
1421:
1382:
1347:(3): 444–450.
1327:
1314:
1299:
1240:
1231:
1216:
1208:also offers a
1193:
1178:
1174:143: 471-473.
1163:
1143:
1124:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1067:
1041:
1025:New York Times
1008:
979:(2): 412–423.
959:
900:
891:
882:
859:
853:
835:
829:
811:
742:
701:
695:
677:
664:
635:
614:10.1086/367580
592:
581:(2): 113–129,
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
531:
528:
510:Lantana camara
461:
458:
418:tree of heaven
378:glucosinolates
370:Garlic mustard
339:
336:
333:Garlic mustard
326:
323:
128:
125:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2234:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
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2211:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:Tracey, J. G.
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2144:Tracey, J. G.
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
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2102:
2098:
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2090:
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2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1941:
1940:nrcs.usda.gov
1937:
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1734:
1733:nrcs.usda.gov
1727:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1669:(4): e10018.
1668:
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1456:
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1411:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:Cajanus cajan
1318:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
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1173:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1031:on 2019-12-12
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
904:
901:
895:
892:
886:
883:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
850:
846:
839:
836:
832:
826:
822:
815:
812:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
743:
738:
734:
729:
724:
721:(3568): 493.
720:
716:
712:
705:
702:
698:
692:
688:
681:
678:
667:
661:
657:
656:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
596:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
562:
556:
552:
551:Semiochemical
549:
547:
546:Phytochemical
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
527:
525:
524:
519:
514:
512:
511:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
477:leptospermone
474:
467:
459:
457:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
439:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
345:
337:
331:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
279:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
239:
237:
236:soil sickness
233:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
191:invertebrates
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
158:
156:
143:
140:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
112:
110:
106:
104:
103:Allocasuarina
100:
95:
94:
89:
88:
83:
82:
77:
76:
71:
69:
68:Juglans nigra
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
44:
40:
36:
29:
25:
21:
2173:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2127:: a review.
2124:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1963:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1914:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1812:
1807:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1719:
1710:
1694:
1685:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1643:
1633:, retrieved
1603:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1498:
1494:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1392:
1385:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1302:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1226:PLoS Biology
1225:
1219:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1127:
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
1024:
976:
972:
962:
913:
909:
903:
894:
885:
862:
844:
838:
820:
814:
803:. Retrieved
759:
755:
745:
718:
714:
704:
686:
680:
669:. Retrieved
654:
608:(1): 23–55,
605:
601:
595:
578:
574:
523:Oryza sativa
521:
515:
508:
504:
498:
480:
469:
460:Applications
451:
446:
436:
434:
429:
421:
411:
399:
397:black walnut
394:
368:
363:
356:
350:
341:
310:
292:
286:
280:
274:
264:
255:
240:
221:
206:Theophrastus
203:
174:
170:
169:in the book
167:Hans Molisch
151:
136:
130:
113:
97:
91:
85:
79:
73:
66:
52:
42:
39:biochemicals
34:
33:
2165:Webb, L. J.
2140:Webb, L. J.
2079:Allelopathy
1086:29 November
1060:29 November
821:Allelopathy
443:amino acids
408:leaf litter
243:competition
228:De Candolle
59:communities
35:Allelopathy
2210:Categories
2125:Eucalyptus
2103:: 71–102,
1635:2022-06-08
1035:2020-11-29
916:(1): 1–7.
805:2020-10-20
671:2009-08-12
557:References
516:Many crop
487:mesotrione
473:herbicides
413:Eucalyptus
386:mutualisms
271:Scots pine
187:zoologists
28:understory
1781:1664-462X
1630:234111406
1564:1612-4766
1517:1573-8264
1471:243863172
1455:1549-7852
1410:cite book
1361:0029-8549
1341:Oecologia
1276:1664-462X
1156:C. nigrum
995:1469-8137
938:0029-8549
910:Oecologia
784:0036-8075
518:cultivars
491:crabgrass
453:Capsaicin
430:Centaurea
315:cytoplasm
311:C. stoebe
303:retracted
179:monograph
99:Casuarina
2146:(1967),
2117:83639846
1799:26635845
1765:: 1020.
1582:35221844
1525:12936511
1463:34751073
1402:54114021
1369:28547460
1294:26635845
1260:: 1020.
1122:Francis.
1003:18208469
954:21769652
946:28312789
630:10285393
622:12661508
575:Biologia
541:Allomone
530:See also
382:sinigrin
325:Examples
317:through
283:catechin
232:exudates
117:nutrient
109:nutsedge
2158:2401406
2060:2483447
1790:4647110
1573:8860780
1377:1145444
1285:4647110
1187:Science
1172:Science
918:Bibcode
800:5541160
792:1730763
764:Bibcode
756:Science
737:4032046
404:juglone
364:Science
358:Science
294:Science
214:alfalfa
210:pigweed
199:sponges
175:Science
147:αλλήλων
139:allilon
127:History
2216:Botany
2156:
2115:
2058:
1945:8 June
1797:
1787:
1779:
1738:8 June
1628:
1618:
1580:
1570:
1562:
1523:
1515:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1400:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1292:
1282:
1274:
1001:
993:
952:
944:
936:
851:
827:
798:
790:
782:
735:
715:Nature
693:
662:
628:
620:
507:) and
347:shrubs
344:desert
338:Plants
195:corals
150:) and
107:, and
2154:JSTOR
2113:S2CID
2056:JSTOR
1729:(PDF)
1626:S2CID
1521:S2CID
1467:S2CID
1373:S2CID
950:S2CID
788:JSTOR
733:S2CID
626:S2CID
495:lawns
380:like
193:like
155:pathy
133:Greek
1947:2022
1795:PMID
1777:ISSN
1740:2022
1616:ISBN
1578:PMID
1560:ISSN
1513:ISSN
1459:PMID
1451:ISSN
1416:link
1398:OCLC
1365:PMID
1357:ISSN
1290:PMID
1272:ISSN
1088:2020
1062:2020
999:PMID
991:ISSN
942:PMID
934:ISSN
849:ISBN
825:ISBN
796:PMID
780:ISSN
691:ISBN
660:ISBN
618:PMID
197:and
162:πάθη
105:spp.
2179:hdl
2105:doi
2048:doi
1987:doi
1920:doi
1902:doi
1871:doi
1840:doi
1785:PMC
1767:doi
1700:doi
1671:doi
1608:doi
1568:PMC
1552:doi
1503:doi
1443:doi
1349:doi
1345:126
1325:L.)
1280:PMC
1262:doi
1210:PDF
1136:doi
981:doi
977:178
926:doi
875:doi
772:doi
760:171
723:doi
719:141
610:doi
583:doi
493:in
250:in
212:on
96:),
2212::
2167:;
2142:;
2131::
2129:In
2111:,
2101:18
2099:,
2070::
2068:In
2054:,
2044:93
2042:,
2030::
2028:In
2019::
2017:In
2001::
1999:In
1983:18
1981:,
1966::
1964:In
1938:.
1898:10
1896:.
1892:.
1865:.
1861:.
1834:.
1830:.
1793:.
1783:.
1775:.
1761:.
1757:.
1731:.
1667:13
1665:.
1661:.
1624:,
1614:,
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