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simultaneous activation of the two texts thus connected results in the formation of intertextual patterns whose nature cannot be predetermined. ... The "free" nature of the intertextual patterns is the feature by which it would be possible to distinguish between the literary allusion and other closely related text-linking devices, such as parody and pastiche.
213:. It may even be sensed that real events have allusive overtones, when a previous event is inescapably recalled by a current one. "Allusion is bound up with a vital and perennial topic in literary theory, the place of authorial intention in interpretation", William Irwin observed, in asking "What is an allusion?"
281:
William Irwin remarks that allusion moves in only one direction: "If A alludes to B, then B does not allude to A. The Bible does not allude to
Shakespeare, though Shakespeare may allude to the Bible." Irwin appends a note: "Only a divine author, outside of time, would seem capable of alluding to a
810:
The literary allusion is a device for the simultaneous activation of two texts. The activation is achieved through the manipulation of a special signal: a sign (simple or complex) in a given text characterized by an additional larger "referent." This referent is always an independent text. The
146:, in which an object or circumstance from an unrelated context is referred to covertly or indirectly. It is left to the audience to make a direct connection. Where the connection is directly and explicitly stated (as opposed to indirectly implied) by the author, it is instead usually termed a
273:
The allusion depends as well on the author's intent; a reader may search out parallels to a figure of speech or a passage, of which the author was unaware, and offer them as unconscious allusions—coincidences that a critic might not find illuminating. Addressing such issues is an aspect of
266:"to play". Recognizing the point of allusion's condensed riddle also reinforces cultural solidarity between the maker of the allusion and the hearer: their shared familiarity with allusion bonds them. Ted Cohen finds such a "cultivation of intimacy" to be an essential element of many
587:. "Catch-22" refers to a regulation that states an airman's request to be relieved from flight duty can only be granted if he is judged to be insane. However, anyone who does not want to fly dangerous missions is obviously sane; thus, there is no way to avoid flying the missions.
343:, in which the hearer or reader is intended to "recall the context of the model and apply that context to the new situation"; such a specific single reference in Virgil, according to Thomas, is a means of "making connections or conveying ideas on a level of intense subtlety";
299:
in that it is an intentional effort on the author's part. The success of an allusion depends in part on at least some of its audience "getting" it. Allusions may be made increasingly obscure, until at last they are understood by the author alone, who thereby retreats into a
610:
is often described as "allusive", because of his habit of referring to names, places or images that may only make sense in the light of prior knowledge. This technique can add to the experience, but for the uninitiated can make Eliot's work seem dense and hard to decipher.
590:
Later in the book the old woman in Rome explains that Catch-22 means "They can do whatever they want to do." This refers to the theme of the novel in which the authority figures consistently abuse their powers, leaving the consequences to those under their command.
209:. In literature, allusions are used to link concepts that the reader already has knowledge of, with concepts discussed in the story. In the field of film criticism, a filmmaker's intentionally unspoken visual reference to another film is also called an
487:, commented on the explosion of media coverage by saying, "In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes." Today, when someone receives a great deal of media attention for something fairly trivial, they are said to be experiencing their "
169:
In a wider, more informal context, an allusion is a passing or casually short statement indicating broader meaning. It is an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication, such as "In the stock market, he met his
Waterloo."
456:
one aspect of a person or other referent is selected to identify it, and it is this shared aspect that makes a sobriquet evocative: for example, "the city that never sleeps" is a sobriquet of (and therefore an allusion to) New York.
270:. Some aspect of the referent must be invoked and identified for the tacit association to be made; the allusion is indirect in part because "it depends on something more than mere substitution of a referent".
558:. When Cassandra later angered Apollo, he altered the gift so that her prophecies, while true, would not be believed. Thus, her accurate warnings to the Trojans were disregarded, and disaster befell them.
445:'s "Four score and seven years ago", which opened the Gettysburg Address. King's allusion effectively called up parallels in two historic moments without overwhelming his speech with details.
411:, brief allusions could be made to mythic themes of generations previous to the main narrative because they were already familiar to the epic's hearers: one example is the theme of the
1372:
154:. It is not possible to predetermine the nature of all the new meanings and inter-textual patterns that an allusion will generate. Literary allusion is closely related to
224:
or emotion already associated with a topic. Thus, an allusion is understandable only to those with prior knowledge of the covert reference in question, a mark of their
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is usually a reference to someone who unwisely chooses to look back once they have begun on a course of action or to someone who disobeys an explicit rule or command.
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Without the hearer or reader comprehending the author's intention, an allusion becomes merely a decorative device. Allusion is an economical device, a
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defined allusion as "a brief reference, explicit or indirect, to a person, place or event, or to another literary work or passage". (Abrams,
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337:, "the use of language which recalls a specific antecedent, but only in a general sense" that is relatively unimportant to the new context;
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Today, a "Cassandra" is someone who accurately predicts disasters or negative outcomes, especially if those predictions are disregarded.
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330:, R. F. Thomas distinguished six categories of allusive reference, which are applicable to a wider cultural sphere. These types are:
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is a literary term, though the word has also come to encompass indirect references to any source, including allusions in
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allusion, in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text.
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disobeyed and looked back, and she was immediately turned into a pillar of salt as punishment for her disobedience.
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known to readers and hearers made a densely allusive poetry effective; the poems of
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660:"allusion | Definition of allusion in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
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PTL: A Journal for descriptive poetics and theory of literature 1
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643:(1944) that unlocked some of Joyce's most obscure allusions.
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later text." This is the basis for
Christian readings of
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The most densely allusive work in modern
English may be
491:"; that is an allusion to Andy Warhol's famous remark.
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The New
Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics.
475:, a 20th-century American artist most famous for his
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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884:Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters
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966:. 1994. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 2002.
948:Irwin, William (2001). "What Is an Allusion?"
1676:Cinema / television / video
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316:Academic analysis of the concept of allusions
8:
2210:Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
464:, as is seen in some of the sections below.
320:In discussing the richly allusive poetry of
254:"to play, jest, make fun of", a compound of
950:The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
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688:"A covert, implied or indirect reference" (
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Figure of speech using indirect reference
919:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
842:Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
651:
293:Allusion differs from the similar term
248:"a playing with, a reference to", from
807:Ben-Porot (1976) pp. 107–8 quotation:
7:
724:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
65:adding citations to reliable sources
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569:This phrase comes from a novel by
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938:The Poetics of Literary Allusion
640:A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake
162:, which are also "text-linking"
41:
427:offer the best-known examples.
197:In the most traditional sense,
182:Backside of a clay tablet from
52:needs additional citations for
840:Irwin, "What Is an Allusion?"
827:Preminger & Brogan (1993)
1:
2139:Pierre Menard, Author of the
1985:Archetypal literary criticism
1545:Literature / theatre
762:"the definition of reference"
664:Oxford Dictionaries | English
1951:Source criticism in the arts
1619:Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
737:"the definition of allusion"
707:A Glossary of Literary Terms
2152:Reality Hunger: A Manifesto
904:Irwin 2001:289 and note 22.
863:Online Etymology Dictionary
831:Princeton University Press.
554:, who gave her the gift of
2382:
2258:Appropriation in sociology
964:Allusion: A Literary Graft
917:and the art of reference"
353:is in the poet's own work;
29:
2263:Articulation in sociology
1786:Revivalism (architecture)
1599:
495:Lot's Wife/Pillar of Salt
232:Allusion as cultural bond
186:bearing the motif of the
1975:Aesthetic interpretation
957:Journal of Value Inquiry
913:R. F. Thomas, "Virgil's
192:Theseus and the Minotaur
152:meanings and denotations
30:Not to be confused with
2217:The Pictures Generation
1996:The Death of the Author
936:Ben-Porot, Ziva (1976)
242:is from the Latin noun
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2268:Cultural appropriation
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431:Martin Luther King Jr.
284:Old Testament prophecy
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2315:Participatory culture
2283:Intellectual property
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1990:Artistic inspiration
1814:Intertextual figures
1781:Parody advertisement
670:on September 6, 2017
386:The Rape of the Lock
61:improve this article
2325:Recontextualisation
2278:Information society
2273:History of printing
2253:Academic dishonesty
2014:Genius (literature)
1703:Literal music video
1614:Photographic mosaic
1409:Chopped and screwed
1325:Rhetorical question
882:Cohen, Ted (1999).
581:U.S. Army Air Force
524:to a pillar of salt
452:is an allusion. By
413:Calydonian boarhunt
357:Corrective allusion
2002:Divine inspiration
1791:Video game modding
1633:By source material
952:, 59 (3): 287–297.
940:, p. 108, in
542:, the daughter of
489:15 minutes of fame
468:15 minutes of fame
435:Gettysburg Address
369:Multiple reference
363:Apparent reference
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1663:Statue of Liberty
1461:Musical quotation
1404:Bootleg recording
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1001:Figures of speech
924:(1986) pp 171–98.
857:Harper, Douglas.
499:According to the
437:in starting his "
433:, alluded to the
226:cultural literacy
174:Scope of the term
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16:(Redirected from
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1965:Related artistic
1931:Imitation in art
1901:Assemblage (art)
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1557:Cut-up technique
1456:Music plagiarism
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381:Alexander Pope
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347:Self-reference
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236:The origin of
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2228:Postmodernism
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2118:Epoch-marking
2115:
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2093:Jazz standard
2091:
2089:
2088:Genre fiction
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2058:Western canon
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1771:Internet meme
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1723:Shot-for-shot
1721:
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1699:
1698:Found footage
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1511:Sound collage
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1441:Interpolation
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1431:Cover version
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1382:Appropriation
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1308:Procatalepsis
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1104:Homeoteleuton
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571:Joseph Heller
564:
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520:to Lot's wife
516:
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481:Campbell soup
478:
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288:Luke 24:25–27
285:
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117:February 2014
109:
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88:
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81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2243:Related non-
2215:
2208:
2201:
2190:
2176:
2165:Theorization
2150:
2140:
2127:
2006:
1921:Found object
1916:DĂ©tournement
1821:
1750:YouTube poop
1745:Video mashup
1693:Collage film
1656:
1648:
1639:
1567:Found poetry
1562:Flarf poetry
1471:Parody music
1451:Music mashup
1426:Contrafactum
1318:Antanaclasis
1222:Epanorthosis
1181:
1139:Polysyndeton
1032:Antimetabole
1017:Alliteration
963:
956:
949:
942:
937:
931:Bibliography
921:
918:
914:
909:
900:
891:
883:
878:
866:. Retrieved
862:
852:
844:
841:
836:
828:
809:
790:
781:
769:. Retrieved
765:
756:
744:. Retrieved
740:
731:
723:
718:
710:
706:
703:M. H. Abrams
701:(1978), and
698:
695:
689:
684:
672:. Retrieved
668:the original
663:
654:
638:
620:
618:
605:
593:
589:
585:World War II
579:is set on a
574:
568:
560:
533:
518:An allusion
517:
498:
483:cans and of
471:
459:
447:
429:
406:
394:
384:
378:
372:
368:
362:
356:
350:
349:, where the
346:
340:
334:
325:
319:
294:
292:
280:
276:hermeneutics
272:
235:
215:
198:
196:
168:
139:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2310:Open source
2098:Plot device
2048:Originality
2031:Fan fiction
1896:After (art)
1852:Translation
1708:Parody film
1592:Visual arts
1521:Tribute act
1384:in the arts
1207:Catachresis
1192:Antonomasia
1187:Antiphrasis
1129:Parallelism
1079:Epanalepsis
1042:Aposiopesis
1022:Anadiplosis
868:December 5,
627:James Joyce
615:James Joyce
608:T. S. Eliot
602:T. S. Eliot
473:Andy Warhol
425:Callimachus
417:Hellenistic
391:T. S. Eliot
207:visual arts
2356:Literature
2345:Categories
2203:Nachahmung
2189:Dionysian
2129:L.H.O.O.Q.
2053:Simulacrum
1862:Adaptation
1842:Plagiarism
1776:Joke theft
1759:Other arts
1552:Assemblage
1414:Contrafact
1335:Synecdoche
1239:Dysphemism
1212:Ecphonesis
1202:Apostrophe
1144:Spoonerism
1134:Polyptoton
1114:Hyperbaton
1089:Epistrophe
1074:Consonance
1037:Antithesis
787:"Allusion"
647:References
513:Lot's wife
479:images of
373:conflation
245:allusionem
87:newspapers
76:"Allusion"
2366:Semantics
2078:Archetype
2070:and forms
2026:Fan labor
1906:Bricolage
1847:Quotation
1735:TV format
1641:Mona Lisa
1536:Vaporwave
1531:Variation
1491:Quodlibet
1486:Potpourri
1476:Pasticcio
1466:Nightcore
1340:Tautology
1266:Apophasis
1244:Euphemism
1227:Hyperbole
1217:Ekphrasis
1109:Hypallage
1099:Hendiadys
1094:Epizeuxis
1084:Epiphrase
1052:Asyndeton
1047:Assonance
959:: 36 (4).
674:1 October
540:Cassandra
530:Cassandra
450:sobriquet
188:Labyrinth
148:reference
2298:Fair use
2191:imitatio
2184:Diegesis
2008:Afflatus
1980:Anti-art
1967:concepts
1911:Citation
1875:Literary
1837:Pastiche
1822:Allusion
1806:concepts
1804:General
1730:Supercut
1516:Standard
1506:Sampling
1390:By field
1303:Pleonasm
1293:Oxymoron
1288:Metonymy
1283:Metaphor
1256:Innuendo
1232:Adynaton
1197:Aphorism
1182:Allusion
1177:Allegory
1149:Symploce
1124:Isocolon
1057:Chiasmus
1027:Anaphora
915:Georgics
789:. 2015.
771:15 March
746:15 March
583:base in
576:Catch-22
565:Catch-22
556:prophecy
454:metonymy
403:Examples
327:Georgics
251:alludere
239:allusion
199:allusion
160:pastiche
140:Allusion
32:Illusion
2223:Pop art
2197:Mimesis
2141:Quixote
1941:Reprise
1880:Theatre
1766:In-joke
1740:Vidding
1604:Collage
1278:Litotes
1271:Sarcasm
1249:Meiosis
1009:Schemes
696:Poetics
509:Abraham
477:pop-art
306:Ulalume
304:(e.g. "
260:"to" +
205:or the
101:scholar
2156:(2010)
2146:(1939)
2133:(1919)
1946:Satire
1936:Mashup
1926:Homage
1832:Parody
1827:Calque
1718:Remake
1501:Riddim
1446:Medley
1436:DJ mix
1330:Simile
1169:Tropes
1159:Zeugma
1154:Tmesis
1062:Climax
847:(2001)
709:1971,
637:wrote
552:Apollo
544:Trojan
462:cliché
322:Virgil
308:", by
263:ludere
211:homage
156:parody
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
18:Allude
2120:works
2038:Genre
2019:Muses
1657:PietĂ
1649:David
1624:Swipe
1577:Trope
1526:Trope
1496:Remix
1397:Music
1261:Irony
548:Priam
546:king
415:. In
409:Homer
351:locus
268:jokes
222:memes
184:Pylos
142:is a
108:JSTOR
94:books
2305:Meme
2172:Dada
1870:Film
1419:list
1067:Anti
870:2019
773:2018
748:2018
676:2018
633:and
203:film
158:and
80:news
1313:Pun
691:OED
625:by
534:In
522:or
505:Lot
407:In
393:'s
389:or
383:'s
371:or
324:'s
312:).
63:by
2347::
2144:"
922:90
861:.
845:59
818:^
798:^
764:.
739:.
713:).
662:.
629:.
598:.
573:.
538:,
448:A
399:.
290:.
278:.
257:ad
228:.
166:.
2137:"
1998:"
1994:"
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
993:e
986:t
979:v
872:.
775:.
750:.
726:.
699:7
678:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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