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increases when one is able to comfortably participate in conversation with gatekeepers like employers and teachers. Non-native members of a culture, such as missionaries to a foreign land or refugees from a native land, may experience negative consequences due to cultural illiteracy. However, the
172:
Literacy of a given culture seems to arise over time with consistent exposure to and participation in that culture, especially certain key cultural strongholds, like business, story, arts, education, history, religion, and family. One could become literate for an oral culture (with no written
213:' written on his face as plain as it is written on that omnibus". This statement, especially the latter half, might be opaque to a reader from outside the United Kingdom, who does not know that "omnibus" is a less common British word for "bus" and "Hanwell" was the name of a (now defunct)
173:
language or recorded media) only by extended conversation. Alternatively, one could become literate for a written culture through conversation as well as reading culturally relevant books or exposure to culturally relevant films, plays, monuments, television shows, etc.
197:'s poetry, and many others. Knowledge of these books (among others) contributes largely to cultural literacy in the west. However, also essential are exposure to the art, history, and the lived experience of members of that culture.
136:
proper (the ability to read and write letters). A literate reader knows the object-language's alphabet, grammar, and a sufficient set of vocabulary; a culturally literate person knows a given culture's
165:. Enculturation seems to occur naturally, being intertwined with education, play, family relationships, friendships, etc. The cause of cultural literacy is a more difficult question when considering
245:
The
Content Question: What kinds of knowledge are important for cultural literacy? Knowing such and such facts, names, dates or more ethereal experiences like having heard such and such a song?
1570:
3044:
391:
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in general and Anglo-American culture in particular is a bibliocentric culture. It often trades in allusions to the
Christian Bible, the influential works of
1984:
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Question: Which culture are we talking about when we say "cultural" literacy? Should we be talking about one or several—and which one(s)?
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The
Education Question: Should advancing cultural literacy be one of the goals of education? If so, what is the best means of doing so?
2140:
2087:
2018:
358:
42:
2934:
432:
Wiener, Harvey S. (Sep 1985). "Multicultural
Literacy for Faculty: Accommodating Non-Native Speakers of English in Content Courses".
664:
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153:, idiosyncrasies, and so on. The culturally literate person is able to talk to and understand others of that culture with fluency.
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The
Assessment Question: How do we evaluate cultural literacy? Is there a best way to test someone's cultural literacy?
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128:, referring to the ability to understand and participate fluently in a given culture. Cultural literacy is an
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The
Literature Question: How important are books to cultural literacy in the west? And which books?
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Watson, Rita (Oct 1987). "Learning Words from
Linguistic Expressions: Definition and Narrative".
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621:"Cultural Literacy Tests - Challenge Yourself With Our Free Online Cultural Literacy Tests"
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Children of a given culture typically become culturally literate there via the process of
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achievement of cultural literacy may seem to come at a cost to one's own native culture.
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Discussions of cultural literacy have given rise to several controversial questions:
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Anson, Chris M. "Book Lists, Cultural
Literacy, and the Stagnation of Discourse"
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Christenbury, Leila "Cultural
Literacy: A Terrible Idea Whose Time Has Come"
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The benefits and detriments of cultural literacy are debated. For example,
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The
Minority Question: Is cultural literacy part of the hegemony of the
209:
wrote, "Complete self-confidence is a weakness... the man who has has '
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of immigrants, outsiders, cultural minorities, strangers, guests, etc.
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150:
569:
Zurmuehlen, Marilyn "Serious Pursuit of Cultural Trivialization"
405:
Applebee, Arthur N. (Oct 1987). "Musings...: Cultural Literacy".
579:
Simpson, Alan "The Uses of "Cultural Literacy": A British View"
539:(1, Special Issue: Cultural Literacy and Arts Education): 7–16.
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2000:
646:
495:
Hirsch, Eric Donald; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefil, James S. (2002).
2608:
18:
2521:
1996:
642:
531:(Spring 1990). "Cultural Literacy and General Education".
124:
is a term coined by American educator and literary critic
3045:
List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field
609:. "Cultural Literacy: Is It Time to Revisit the Debate?"
586:.4, 25th Anniversary Issue Winter, 1991), pp. 65–73.
589:
Reedy, Jeremiah "Cultural Literacy and the Classics"
477:
Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know
3010:
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Diversity as Resource. Redefining Cultural Literacy
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2910:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
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2012:
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503:(3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
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2005:
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390:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2151:National Council of Teachers of English
499:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy
314:
383:
349:Mangalwadi, Vishal Mangalwadi (2012).
2997:National Endowment for the Humanities
2982:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
145:, including its language, particular
7:
2992:Moscow University for the Humanities
2963:Arts and Humanities Research Council
2920:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1960:
1561:Role of Christianity in civilization
205:For example, in 1908 British author
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1972:
576:.6 (November 1989), pp. 46–49.
566:.2 (February 1988), pp. 14–18.
407:Research in the Teaching of English
324:Research in the Teaching of English
2141:International Literacy Association
2088:List of countries by literacy rate
596:.1 (October 1988), pp. 41–46.
524:.1 (January 1989), pp. 14–17.
14:
1971:
1959:
1948:
1947:
682:
23:
3040:Humanities in the United States
2888:American Journal of Archaeology
1773:Culture and positive psychology
683:
34:needs additional citations for
16:Ability to understand a culture
2915:Journal of Controversial Ideas
2318:Occupational Safety and Health
1212:High- and low-context cultures
581:Journal of Aesthetic Education
533:Journal of Aesthetic Education
353:. Thomas Nelson. p. 464.
1:
351:The Book that Made Your World
2935:Revue des Études Arméniennes
1778:Culture and social cognition
763:Cross-cultural communication
603:(Alexandria, Virginia) 1994.
480:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1860:Intercultural communication
380:. Chapter II, "The Maniac".
303:Intercultural communication
3104:
2146:International Literacy Day
1303:Cross cultural sensitivity
970:Resistance through culture
374:Chesterton, G. K. (1908).
149:, stories, entertainment,
3050:Outline of the humanities
3030:Criticism of mass culture
3002:National Humanities Medal
1943:
1915:Transformation of culture
1348:Cultural environmentalism
778:Cross-cultural psychology
773:Cross-cultural psychiatry
768:Cross-cultural leadership
680:
446:10.1080/07350198509359111
3035:Educational essentialism
2672:Interdisciplinary fields
2156:No Child Left Behind Act
1875:Living things in culture
1865:Intercultural competence
1768:Culture and menstruation
1267:Trans-cultural diffusion
293:Educational essentialism
1686:Cultural homogenization
916:Individualistic culture
850:Popular culture studies
835:Intercultural relations
2823:Liberal arts education
2330:Information literacies
1621:Archaeological culture
1368:Cultural globalization
1237:Organizational culture
1085:Cultural communication
1043:Cultural appropriation
830:Intercultural learning
758:Cross-cultural studies
234:Research and questions
2899:History of Humanities
2496:Post-literate society
2456:Children's literature
2335:Information and media
2057:Functional illiteracy
1890:Participatory culture
1681:Cultural evolutionism
1505:Multiracial democracy
1383:Cultural intelligence
1328:Cultural conservatism
1318:Cultural backwardness
1308:Cultural assimilation
1182:Cultural reproduction
1038:Cultural appreciation
990:Far-right subcultures
880:Transcultural nursing
845:Philosophy of culture
722:Cultural neuroscience
702:Cultural anthropology
591:The Classical Journal
190:Book of Common Prayer
187:, the Thomas Cranmer
3055:Renaissance humanism
2987:Master of Humanities
1885:Oppositional culture
1855:Emotions and culture
1763:Cultural sensibility
1753:Cultural translation
1691:Cultural institution
1671:Cultural determinism
1393:Cultural nationalism
1378:Cultural imperialism
1338:Cultural deprivation
1232:Non-material culture
865:Sociology of culture
860:Semiotics of culture
625:The Literacy Company
611:Thought & Action
288:Cultural sensitivity
181:Early Modern English
43:improve this article
2974:Geisteswissenschaft
2940:Teaching Philosophy
2719:Abductive reasoning
2461:Composition studies
2177:Ruth Johnson Colvin
2042:Adolescent literacy
1736:Culture speculation
1731:Cultural relativism
1661:Cultural competence
1551:Cultural Christians
1423:Cultural Revolution
1413:Cultural radicalism
1388:Cultural liberalism
1323:Cultural Bolshevism
1298:Consumer capitalism
1252:Relational mobility
1192:Cultural technology
1100:Cultural dissonance
1017:Culture by location
980:Alternative culture
896:Constructed culture
875:Theology of culture
815:Cultural psychology
795:Cultural entomology
561:The English Journal
519:The English Journal
283:Cultural competence
185:William Shakespeare
58:"Cultural literacy"
3061:Studia Humanitatis
1895:Permission culture
1828:Disability culture
1808:Children's culture
1676:Cultural diversity
1636:Circuit of culture
1418:Cultural retention
1398:Cultural pessimism
1353:Cultural exception
1343:Cultural diplomacy
1333:Cultural contracts
1293:Colonial mentality
1222:Manuscript culture
1197:Cultural universal
1167:Cultural pluralism
1147:Cultural landscape
1142:Cultural invention
1110:Cultural framework
1012:Vernacular culture
810:Cultural mediation
790:Cultural economics
785:Cultural analytics
717:Cultural geography
707:Cultural astronomy
599:Murray, Denise E.
3083:Cultural concepts
3070:
3069:
2790:General knowledge
2773:Cultural literacy
2707:
2706:
2641:Religious studies
2577:Classical studies
2519:
2518:
2481:Media consumption
2047:Emergent literacy
1994:
1993:
1823:Death and culture
1716:Cultural movement
1706:Cultural literacy
1566:Eastern Orthodoxy
1478:Dominator culture
1473:Deculturalization
1373:Cultural hegemony
1363:Cultural genocide
1358:Cultural feminism
1177:Cultural property
1172:Cultural practice
1157:Cultural leveling
1152:Cultural learning
1137:Cultural industry
1132:Cultural identity
1115:Cultural heritage
1105:Cultural emphasis
1090:Cultural conflict
1063:Cultural behavior
1053:Cultural artifact
965:Primitive culture
941:Political culture
607:Bernard Schweizer
183:such as works of
122:Cultural literacy
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93:
3095:
2857:Self-realization
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2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1840:Drinking culture
1793:Culture industry
1741:Cultural tourism
1721:Cultural mulatto
1696:Cultural jet lag
1631:Cannabis culture
1588:Cultural Muslims
1510:Pluriculturalism
1493:Multiculturalism
1483:Interculturalism
1458:Culture minister
1448:Cultural Zionism
1443:Cultural subsidy
1438:Cultural silence
1313:Cultural attaché
1272:Transculturation
1227:Material culture
1217:Interculturality
1073:Cultural capital
1058:Cultural baggage
995:Youth subculture
936:Official culture
901:Dominant culture
840:Internet culture
805:Cultural mapping
800:Cultural history
727:Cultural studies
712:Cultural ecology
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627:. Archived from
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529:Broudy, Harry S.
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472:E. D. Hirsch Jr.
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250:dominant culture
207:G. K. Chesterton
195:Geoffrey Chaucer
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2862:Self-reflection
2852:Moral character
2811:Human condition
2763:Critical theory
2703:
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2614:Performing arts
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2491:Oral literature
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2350:Multiliteracies
2206:
2160:
2129:
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2052:Family literacy
2030:
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1995:
1990:
1939:
1930:Western culture
1925:Welfare culture
1850:Eastern culture
1711:Cultural mosaic
1666:Cultural critic
1656:Cultural center
1604:
1578:Cultural Hindus
1524:
1515:Polyculturalism
1488:Monoculturalism
1463:Culture of fear
1433:Cultural safety
1428:Cultural rights
1408:Cultural racism
1403:Cultural policy
1281:
1187:Cultural system
1162:Cultural memory
1095:Cultural cringe
1021:
953:Popular culture
884:
820:Cultural values
741:
690:
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634:
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619:
545:10.2307/3332851
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465:Further reading
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434:Rhetoric Review
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2072:Whole language
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1726:Cultural probe
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1651:Cross-cultural
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1616:Animal culture
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1520:Transculturism
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1078:Cross-cultural
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737:Culture theory
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440:(1): 100–107.
424:
413:(3): 229–231.
397:
366:
360:978-1595555458
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341:
330:(3): 298–317.
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99:September 2020
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2684:Environmental
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2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Literacy test
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Dick and Jane
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
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2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
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2423:
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2420:Transliteracy
2418:
2416:
2415:Technological
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
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2398:
2396:
2393:
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2388:
2386:
2385:Psychological
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2313:Mental health
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2256:
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2249:
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2243:Computational
2241:
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2221:
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2216:
2215:
2213:
2209:
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2200:
2198:
2197:Frank Laubach
2195:
2193:
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2180:
2178:
2175:
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2169:
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2154:
2152:
2149:
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2132:
2126:
2125:United States
2123:
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2111:
2110:
2108:
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2100:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
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2086:
2085:
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2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Post-literacy
2065:
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2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
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2002:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
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1968:
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1956:
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1946:
1945:
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1936:
1935:Youth culture
1933:
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1926:
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1908:
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1905:Remix culture
1903:
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1893:
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1886:
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1880:Media culture
1878:
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1870:Languaculture
1868:
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1798:Culture shock
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1779:
1776:
1774:
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1758:Cultural turn
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1626:Bennett scale
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1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
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1556:Protestantism
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1543:
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1498:Biculturalism
1496:
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1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Technoculture
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:Print culture
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
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1207:Enculturation
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1127:Cultural icon
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1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
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1068:Cultural bias
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Cultural area
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:Acculturation
1031:
1030:
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1024:
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1013:
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1008:
1007:Super culture
1005:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
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988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
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973:
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947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
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927:
924:
922:
921:Legal culture
919:
917:
914:
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909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
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870:Sound culture
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848:
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631:on 2021-07-29
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571:Art Education
568:
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534:
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510:0-618-22647-8
506:
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487:0-395-43095-X
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257:Multicultural
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215:insane asylum
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167:acculturation
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163:enculturation
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3059:
3023:Philistinism
3018:Antihumanism
2972:
2944:
2930:Nova Religio
2897:
2815:
2795:Hermeneutics
2772:
2750:
2743:
2567:Anthropology
2298:Geo-literacy
2252:
2223:Agricultural
2202:Brian Street
2182:Paulo Freire
2134:Institutions
2109:New Zealand
1983:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1900:Rape culture
1845:Drug culture
1833:Deaf culture
1818:Cyberculture
1788:Culture hero
1705:
1701:Cultural lag
1641:Civilization
1541:Christianity
1247:Protoculture
931:Microculture
911:High culture
906:Folk culture
855:Postcritique
633:. Retrieved
629:the original
624:
616:(Fall 2009).
613:
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327:
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224:
221:Consequences
204:
188:
175:
171:
160:
126:E. D. Hirsch
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2872:Work of art
2840:Metaphysics
2801:Historicism
2646:Visual arts
2572:Archaeology
2560:Disciplines
2410:Statistical
2325:Information
2211:Other types
1978:WikiProject
1910:Tea culture
1813:Culturalism
1783:Culture gap
1746:Pop-culture
1546:Catholicism
1468:Culture war
926:Low culture
825:Culturomics
732:Culturology
298:Great books
3077:Categories
2833:Quadrivium
2758:Creativity
2724:Aesthetics
2651:Filmmaking
2636:Philosophy
2592:Literature
2553:Humanities
2400:Scientific
2273:Ecological
2172:Marie Clay
975:Subculture
753:Bioculture
635:2014-02-26
309:References
69:newspapers
2905:Humanitas
2817:Humanitas
2806:Historism
2768:Criticism
2661:Sculpture
2446:Aliteracy
2395:Religious
2293:Financial
2283:Emotional
2278:Electracy
2081:Locations
1803:Culturgen
1571:Mormonism
1529:Religions
1202:Cultureme
1120:Destroyed
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