521:
213:
789:
832:
1277:
450:
1640:, interactions with other alpha or beta blockers can exaggerate a decrease in blood pressure. Conversely, there are also drug interactions with carvedilol or labetalol in which blood pressure is increased unintentionally (such as with cough and cold medications). Finally, there may also be some alpha/beta blocker drug interactions that can worsen previous heart failure.
934:
888:
723:
659:
1040:, has been efficacious in treating mild to moderate hypertension. This is because they can decrease vascular resistance and decrease pressure. However, while these drugs are generally well tolerated, they have the potential to produce side effects such as orthostatic hypotension and dizziness. However, unlike other treatments for hypertension such as
583:
1667:(GPCRs) consisting of 7 transmembrane domains, which form three intracellular loops and three extracellular loops. These receptors couple to heterotrimeric G proteins composed of α, β, and γ subunits. Although both of the α receptors are GPCRs, there are large differences in their mechanism of action. Specifically,
1213:
1752:
184:
Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool for pharmacologic research to develop a greater understanding of the autonomic nervous system. Using alpha blockers, scientists began characterizing arterial blood pressure and central vasomotor control in the autonomic nervous system. Today, they can
1499:
Priapism, an unwanted, painful long term erection not brought on by sexual arousal and lasting several hours has been associated with alpha blocker use. While this is extremely rare, particularly with tamsulosin, it can cause permanent impotence if not treated in a hospital setting. Male patients
1360:
Although alpha blockers have the ability to reduce some disease pathology, there are some side effects that come with these alpha blockers. However, because there are several structural compositions that make each alpha blocker different, the side effects are different for each drug. Side effects
1095:
is a disease in which a catecholamine secreting tumor develops. Specifically, norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted by these tumors, either continuously or intermittently. The excess release of these catecholamines increases central nervous system stimulation, thus causing blood vessels to
1087:
An image of a patient with pheochromocytoma. In patients with this disease, a catecholamine-secreting tumor is formed, and causes excess CNS stimulation, such as excess sweating and tachycardia. Nonselective alpha blockers, such as phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine, can be used to mitigate this
1209:, a non-selective alpha blocker, has also been tested to treat erectile dysfunction. By reducing vasoconstriction in the penis, there appears to be increased blood flow that aids in penile erection. Side effects associated with phentolamine include headache, flushing, and nasal congestion.
1280:
Patients with
Raynaud's syndrome experience cut off blood flow from the fingers causing a large decrease in oxygen, which leads to the discoloration of the fingers. Using alpha blockers aids in restoring blood flow and treating the syndrome by stimulating the dilation of blood vessels.
1440:
In addition, due to the relaxation of the prostate smooth muscle, another side effect that arises in men being treated for BPH is impotence, as well as the inability to ejaculate. However, if any ejaculation activity does occur, oftentimes, it results in a phenomenon called
204:. Generally speaking, these treatments function by binding an α-blocker to α receptors in the arteries and smooth muscle. Ultimately, depending on the type of alpha receptor, this relaxes the smooth muscle or blood vessels, which increases fluid flow in these entities.
144:
1110:
blocker, has been used to treat pheochromocytoma. This drug blocks the activity of epinephrine and norepinephrine by antagonizing the alpha receptors, thus decreasing vascular resistance, increasing vasodilation, and decreasing blood pressure overall.
1084:
1432:
When alpha blockers are used to treat BPH, it causes vasodilation of blood vessels on the bladder and the prostate, thus increasing urination in general. However, these alpha blockers can produce the exact opposite side effect, in which
1762:
1648:
Alpha blockers work by blocking the effect of nerves in the sympathetic nervous system. This is done by binding to the alpha receptors in smooth muscle or blood vessels. α-blockers can bind both reversibly and irreversibly.
1408:
There are some alpha blockers that can give rise to changes in the cardiovascular system, such as the induction of reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, or heart palpitations via alterations of the QT interval.
1321:(PTSD) have often continued to be symptomatic despite being treated with PTSD-specific drugs. In addition, PTSD patients often have debilitating nightmares that continue, despite their treatments. High doses of the α
6593:
1535:
to reduce blood pressure, but only if the use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, or thazide diuretics (in full dose or in combinations) have not been efficacious.
1263:
have been particularly useful for patients with BPH, especially in patients with hypertension. In such patients, these drugs can treat both conditions at the same time. In patients without hypertension,
1216:
Benign prostate hyperplasia, a disease in which urinary retention becomes an issue. Alpha-1 blockers can be used, but it can result in side effects such as increased urination and retrograde ejaculation.
1096:
increase in vascular resistance, and ultimately giving rise to hypertension. In addition, patients with these rare tumors are often subject to headaches, heart palpitations, and increased sweating.
2393:
Charney, D. S.; Woods, S. W.; Goodman, W. K.; Heninger, G. R. (1987-08-01). "Neurobiological mechanisms of panic anxiety: biochemical and behavioral correlates of yohimbine-induced panic attacks".
1377:. This is a phenomenon in which patients with hypertension take an alpha blocker for the first time, and suddenly experience an intense decrease in blood pressure. Ultimately, this gives rise to
1168:, and thus aiding with penile erection and libido. By doing so, they can alter the blood flow in the penis to aid in achieving an erection. However, some side effects can occur, such as
6586:
4241:
2463:
Cohn, Jay N.; Fowler, Michael B.; Bristow, Michael R.; Colucci, Wilson S.; Gilbert, Edward M.; Kinhal, Vithal; Krueger, Steven K.; Lejemtel, Thierry; Narahara, Kenneth A. (1997).
1156:
tree, has been tested to increase libido and treat erectile dysfunction. The proposed mechanism for yohimbine is blockade of the adrenergic receptors that are associated with
6579:
1135:. By binding to both the α and β receptors, these drugs can decrease the cardiac output and stimulate the dilation of blood vessels to promote a reduction in blood pressure.
3343:
1544:
As with any drug, there are drug interactions that can occur with alpha blockers. For instance, alpha blockers that are used for the reduction of blood pressure, such as
1305:, have appeared to give slight improvement for the sclerotic symptoms of Raynaud's disease, there are many side effects that occur while taking this drug. Conversely, α
1472:
Finally, there are other general side effects that can be caused by most alpha blockers (however, more frequently in alpha-1 blockers). Such side effects include
2504:
Roehrborn, Claus; Schwinn, Debra (March 2004). "α1-Adrenergic
Receptors and Their Inhibitors in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia".
1656:
receptors can be found in most vascular smooth muscle, the pupillary dilator muscle, the heart, the prostate, and pilomotor smooth muscle. On the other hand, α
4234:
3539:
1520:, should use these drugs with caution, as it may result in an even greater decrease in blood pressure or make heart failure even worse. The most compelling
1060:, alpha blockers have not demonstrated the same mortality and morbidity benefits, and are therefore not generally used as first or even second line agents.
2661:
Brogden, R. N.; Heel, R. C.; Speight, T. M.; Avery, G. S. (1978-04-01). "Labetalol: A Review of its
Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use in Hypertension".
1075:. In low doses, labetalol and carvedilol can decrease the peripheral resistance and block the effects of isoprenaline to reduce hypertensive symptoms.
1309:
blockers, such as yohimbine, appear to provide significant improvement of the sclerotic symptoms in
Raynaud's Disease without excessive side effects.
6549:
3993:
4227:
2906:"A Description of the Pioneering Work That Led to the First Approved Agents for ED: Giles Brindley, the Needle, and the Penis (Phenoxybenzamine)"
6531:
6522:
6513:
2949:
Chapple, CR (January 1996). "Selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists in benign prostatic hyperplasia: rationale and clinical experience".
2925:
1961:
2580:
Ernst, E.; Pittler, M.H. (1998). "Yohimbe for
Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials".
6540:
2210:
Lepor, Herbert; Henry, David; Laddu, Atul R. (1991-01-01). "The efficacy and safety of terazosin for the treatment of symptomatic BPH".
1660:
receptors can be found in platelets, cholinergic nerve terminals, some vascular smooth muscle, postsynaptic CNS neurons, and fat cells.
4146:
4090:
2320:
1629:. Interactions with such drugs can cause either an unintended increase in blood pressure or potentiate an increase in blood pressure.
1329:, have been efficacious in treating patients with PTSD induced nightmares due to its ability to block the effects of norepinephrine.
3799:
3158:
1827:
1268:
can be used, as it has the ability to relax the bladder and prostate smooth muscle without causing major changes in blood pressure.
2976:
Bakst, Richard; Merola, Joseph F.; Franks, Andrew G.; Sanchez, Miguel (2008). "Raynaud's phenomenon: Pathogenesis and management".
3983:
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3354:
1528:
and overall fluid retention. To combat such fluid retention, patients can take a diuretic in combination with the alpha-blocker.
4165:
4079:
1664:
6558:
4151:
2185:
1711:
216:
Schematic of G protein coupled receptor signaling, representing Gi GPCR signaling, Gs GPCR signaling, and Gq GPCR signaling.
5549:
3973:
3627:
3621:
1318:
1045:
1002:
611:
3421:
Pierce, Kristen L.; Premont, Richard T.; Lefkowitz, Robert J. (2002-09-01). "Signalling: Seven-transmembrane receptors".
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229:
1607:. Furthermore, in rare cases, drug interactions can cause irregular, rapid heartbeats or an increase blood pressure.
4838:
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4015:
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3754:
2068:"Alpha-adrenergic blockers: Mechanism of action, blood pressure control, and effects on lipoprotein metabolism"
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83:
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1247:(BPH), men experience urinary obstruction and are unable to urinate, thus leading to urinary retention. α
6638:
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4041:
3774:
3661:
1789:
1531:
In the absence of compelling indications or contraindications, patients should take alpha blockers as a
1362:
1337:
1152:
166:
1751:
212:
4318:
2261:
Michel, Martin C. (2010). "The
Pharmacological Profile of the α1A-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Silodosin".
6741:
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178:
174:
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5163:
1251:
specific blockers have been used to relax the smooth muscle in the bladder and enlarged prostate.
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4019:
3750:
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3503:
3454:
2756:
2694:
2640:
2243:
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2105:
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receptors have different mechanisms of action, their antagonists also have different effects. α
1001:
Furthermore, α-blockers can occasionally be used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, such as
6710:
6237:
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6132:
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can have synergy with other drugs that affect smooth muscle, blood vessels, or drugs used for
1489:
1485:
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1018:
118:
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There are several α receptors throughout the body where these drugs can bind. Specifically, α
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288:
blocker with some β activity. However, the most common type of alpha blocker is usually an
6725:
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4313:
4037:
3949:
3787:
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blockers prevent the reduction of cAMP, thus leading to an increase in overall signaling.
1737:
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1445:, in which semen flows into the urinary bladder instead of exiting through the urethra.
1009:. Studies have also had great medical interest in testing alpha blockers, specifically α
256:
When the term "alpha blocker" is used without further qualification, it can refer to an
17:
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1500:
should be made aware of this as it can result from a single dose or develop over time.
1232:
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While there are limited clinical α-blocker uses, in which most α-blockers are used for
143:
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to decrease calcium release, thus, decreasing overall signaling. On the other hand, α
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3176:"The QT Interval and Selection of Alpha-Blockers for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"
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1385:, and a sudden loss of consciousness due to the drastic drop in blood pressure.
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2346:"Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Tamsulosin for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"
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1557:
1493:
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1120:
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receptor, and increases norepinephrine release, thus increasing CNS activity.
779:
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3109:
3035:
2842:
2833:
2744:
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2093:
2033:
1119:
Blockers that have both the ability to block both α and β receptors, such as
6677:
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6662:
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6477:
6467:
6452:
6432:
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3245:
3201:
3053:
2997:
2890:
2850:
2752:
2636:
2566:
2525:
2436:
Richards, DA (August 1976). "Pharmacological effects of labetalol in man".
2406:
2379:
2153:
2084:
2067:
2041:
3499:
3127:
2962:
2601:
2490:
2422:
2239:
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1998:
1032:
is due to an increase in vascular resistance and vasoconstriction. Using α
6362:
6352:
6302:
6177:
6162:
6157:
5967:
5932:
5927:
5901:
5876:
5743:
5633:
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5378:
5368:
5348:
5319:
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5249:
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5020:
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4899:
4783:
4629:
4613:
4557:
4393:
4328:
3977:
2779:
Das, Sambhunath; Kumar, Pankaj; Kiran, Usha; Airan, Balram (2017-01-01).
1622:
1572:
1508:
There is only one compelling indication for alpha blockers, which is for
1481:
1449:
1389:
1341:
1326:
1302:
1252:
1161:
1037:
573:
380:
341:
3020:"High-dose prazosin for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder"
2690:
2449:
1632:
Finally, in drugs with both alpha and beta blocking properties, such as
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6412:
6307:
6032:
5957:
5398:
4966:
4914:
4868:
3601:
3303:
Debruyne, Frans M.J. (2000). "Alpha blockers: are all created equal?".
1761:
1235:
in the first intracavernosal pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction.
1181:
933:
3018:
Koola, Maju Mathew; Varghese, Sajoy P.; Fawcett, Jan A. (2013-08-16).
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722:
658:
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4377:
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1765:
Alpha-2 receptor signaling cascade and antagonist signaling cascade.
1345:
1173:
149:
Image from Basic and
Clinical Pharmacology by Bertram Katzung, et al.
3281:
3264:
1755:
Alpha-1 Receptor signaling cascade and antagonist signaling cascade.
582:
3434:
3379:"CV Pharmacology | Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (Alpha-Blockers)"
3220:"Alpha Blockers for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"
1760:
1512:. Patients who need alpha blockers for BPH, but have a history of
1434:
1082:
1063:
Another treatment for hypertension is using drugs that have both α
2344:
Narayan, Perinchery; Tunuguntla, Hari Siva
Gurunadha Rao (2005).
185:
be used as clinical treatments for a limited number of diseases.
5158:
982:, α-blockers can be used to treat a few other diseases, such as
6575:
4223:
3521:
1373:
One of the most common side effects with alpha blockers is the
1067:
blocking activity, as well as nonselective β activity, such as
3141:
2311:
Mycek, Mary J.; Harvey, Richard A.; Champe, Pamela C. (1997).
1212:
1977:
Bousquet, P.; Schwartz, J. (1983). "Alpha-adrenergic drugs".
1332:
Adverse effects of prazosin to treat PTSD nightmares include
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
411:
Below are some of the most common drugs used in the clinic.
2465:"Safety and efficacy of carvedilol in severe heart failure"
2012:
McKeage, Kate; Plosker, Greg L. (2002-03-01). "Alfuzosin".
943:
receptor activity, but binds more strongly to β receptors.
897:
receptor activity, but binds more strongly to β receptors.
542:
Lowers blood pressure by decreasing peripheral resistance.
469:
Lowers blood pressure by decreasing peripheral resistance.
188:
Alpha blockers can treat a small range of diseases such as
3265:"Alpha-blockers: their properties and use in hypertension"
2817:"β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade in Chronic Heart Failure"
298:
Non-selective α-adrenergic receptor antagonists include:
1412:
Alpha blockers that may have these side effects include
3474:"Subtypes of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors"
1388:
Alpha blockers that possess these side effects include
1361:
that arise when taking alpha blockers can include the
900:
Lowers blood pressure, increases heart rate slightly.
2715:
Bravo, Emmanuel L. (2002-09-01). "Pheochromocytoma".
1694:, thus increasing the release of calcium. Meanwhile,
147:
Specific locations and functions of the α receptors.
2615:
Laurent, Stéphane (2017). "Antihypertensive drugs".
6751:
6724:
6686:
6648:
6615:
5910:
5512:
5503:
5237:
4944:
4932:
4485:
4272:
4260:
4178:
4133:
4100:
4065:
4006:
3964:
3935:
3926:
3885:
3838:
3809:
3741:
3728:
3714:
3699:
3682:
3675:
3555:
129:
117:
94:
53:
48:
32:
3094:"Factors related to first dose hypotensive effect"
2869:Lue, Tom F. (2009-08-20). "Erectile Dysfunction".
2785:Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences
1815:
3344:"Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (Alpha-Blockers)"
1448:Drugs that may produce such side effects include
2315:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
1603:. Again, these interactions can cause dangerous
536:4 hours of action after initial administration.
1131:, have the ability to mitigate the symptoms in
2978:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2781:"Alpha blockers: A relook at phenoxybenzamine"
6587:
4235:
3533:
3174:Lepor, Herbert; Lepor, Norman (Spring 2008).
2545:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
946:Can interfere with noradrenergic mechanisms.
8:
2910:Key Clinical Trials in Erectile Dysfunction
794:A blocker that has slight selectivity for α
6594:
6580:
6572:
5509:
4941:
4269:
4242:
4228:
4220:
3932:
3738:
3725:
3679:
3540:
3526:
3518:
3024:Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
2717:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1663:The structure of α receptors is a classic
371:-adrenergic receptor antagonists include:
327:-adrenergic receptor antagonists include:
3489:
3280:
3235:
3191:
3117:
3043:
2832:
2796:
2556:
2480:
2369:
2083:
1952:Katzung, Bertram; Masters, Susan (2013).
540:Reversal of epinephrine induced effects.
2541:"Doxazosin and congestive heart failure"
2438:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2176:"Tamsulosin Monograph for Professionals"
1750:
1746:
1275:
1211:
413:
211:
142:
1806:
1437:, or abnormal fluid retention, occurs.
801:Relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle.
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3213:
3211:
3087:
3085:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2944:
2942:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2810:
2808:
2656:
2654:
2306:
2304:
844:Raises blood pressure and heart rate.
471:Blocks alpha induced vasconstriction.
270:blocker, a nonselective blocker (both
29:
3423:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
3078:. Bossier City, LA: ICAN. p. 38.
2774:
2772:
2770:
2710:
2708:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1564:, etc.). This stimulates exaggerated
1293:blockers have been examined to treat
1150:blocker derived from the bark of the
7:
3074:Manning, Loretta; Rayfield, Sylvia.
2539:Messerli, Franz (November 1, 2001).
2205:
2203:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2061:
2059:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1729:blockers can inhibit the release of
1571:Alternative alpha blockers, such as
2130:"Prazosin in the Treatment of PTSD"
1587:can have adverse interactions with
4147:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
4091:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
3151:10.1016/b978-0-323-03961-1.50085-4
2912:, London: Springer, pp. 4–7,
2815:Bristow, Michael R. (2000-02-08).
2737:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04408.x
2146:10.1097/01.pra.0000452561.98286.1e
1340:(a sudden loss of consciousness),
871:Central Nervous System stimulation
746:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
455:Nonselective covalent binding to α
25:
4038:Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
3800:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
3472:Bylund, D.B. (February 1, 1992).
2518:10.1097/01.ju.0000097026.43866.cc
2675:10.2165/00003495-197815040-00002
2026:10.2165/00003495-200262040-00009
932:
886:
830:
787:
721:
657:
581:
519:
448:
6550:Monoamine metabolism modulators
4166:Vasopressin receptor antagonist
4080:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
2904:Carson, Culley C., ed. (2007),
2871:New England Journal of Medicine
2188:from the original on 2021-01-20
2134:Journal of Psychiatric Practice
1954:Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
1818:Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
1036:selective antagonists, such as
27:Class of pharmacological agents
4152:Endothelin receptor antagonist
4016:Acetylcholine receptor agonist
3775:Adrenergic receptor antagonist
3402:Knott, Laurence (2015-06-27).
3092:Hodsman, G.P (12 March 1983).
2395:American Journal of Psychiatry
1313:Post traumatic stress disorder
1:
6532:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
6505:Receptor/signaling modulators
3984:Glutamate receptor antagonist
3900:Serotonin receptor antagonist
3853:Histamine receptor antagonist
3628:Negative allosteric modulator
3622:Positive allosteric modulator
3317:10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00744-5
2594:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63942-9
2558:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01534-0
2482:10.1016/s1071-9164(97)90013-0
1319:posttraumatic stress disorder
1003:posttraumatic stress disorder
612:Posttraumatic stress disorder
6604:benign prostatic hyperplasia
4141:Adenosine reuptake inhibitor
4075:Cannabinoid receptor agonist
3994:Glutamate reuptake inhibitor
3913:Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
3824:Dopamine receptor antagonist
3351:British Hypertension Society
3218:Lepor, Herbert (Fall 2007).
2275:10.1016/j.eursup.2010.03.006
2263:European Urology Supplements
1991:10.1016/0006-2952(83)90466-5
1706:GPCRs, which signal through
1510:benign prostatic hyperplasia
1245:benign prostatic hyperplasia
1239:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
980:benign prostatic hyperplasia
807:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
681:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
606:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
198:benign prostatic hyperplasia
163:α-adrenoreceptor antagonists
5615:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
4992:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
4839:Tetracyclic antidepressants
4305:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
3829:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
3751:Adrenergic receptor agonist
3275:(13–14): 38–39. July 2011.
2918:10.1007/978-1-84628-428-1_2
2883:10.1056/nejm200006153422407
1665:G protein–coupled receptors
1404:Cardiovascular side effects
6796:
6541:Monoamine releasing agents
4120:Opioid receptor antagonist
3974:Glutamate receptor agonist
3895:Serotonin receptor agonist
3848:Histamine receptor agonist
3491:10.1096/fasebj.6.3.1346768
3143:Comprehensive Hypertension
2990:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.004
2629:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.026
2469:Journal of Cardiac Failure
2066:Nash, D. T. (1990-11-01).
1795:Sympathetic nervous system
1428:Genitourinary side effects
557:Reflex cardiac stimulation
6495:
4857:Tricyclic antidepressants
3819:Dopamine receptor agonist
1814:Katzung, Bertram (1987).
1679:GPCRs, signaling through
855:Male erectile dysfunction
728:Competitive blocking of α
664:Competitive blocking of α
588:Competitive blocking of α
526:Competitive blocking of α
134:
39:
4085:Endocannabinoid enhancer
4031:Cholinesterase inhibitor
3950:GABA receptor antagonist
3110:10.1136/bmj.286.6368.832
3036:10.1177/2045125313500982
2834:10.1161/01.CIR.101.5.558
2617:Pharmacological Research
1979:Biochemical Pharmacology
1822:. Appleton & Lange.
1231:blocker was used by Dr.
1133:congestive heart failure
1115:Congestive heart failure
1050:calcium channel blockers
988:congestive heart failure
952:Congestive heart failure
815:Orthostatic hypotension
18:Alpha blocker medication
6688:Steroidal antiandrogens
6617:5α-Reductase inhibitors
5270:Atypical antipsychotics
4523:Atypical antipsychotics
4125:Enkephalinase inhibitor
4115:Opioid receptor agonist
3955:GABA reuptake inhibitor
3660:♦ Miscellaneous:
3098:British Medical Journal
2798:10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_42_16
2224:10.1002/pros.2990180408
1379:orthostatic hypotension
1271:
1178:elevated blood pressure
757:Orthostatic hypotension
735:Lowers blood pressure.
691:Orthostatic hypotension
671:Lowers blood pressure.
624:Orthostatic hypotension
595:Lowers blood pressure.
493:Orthostatic hypotension
5469:Typical antipsychotics
4952:(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline
4888:Typical antipsychotics
3708:Ion channel modulators
3145:. pp. 1019–1025.
3076:Pharmacology Made Easy
2582:The Journal of Urology
2506:The Journal of Urology
2407:10.1176/ajp.144.8.1030
2085:10.1002/clc.4960131104
1766:
1756:
1675:are characterized as G
1518:postural heart failure
1443:retrograde ejaculation
1282:
1217:
1160:inhibition, including
1089:
1019:psychiatric depression
914:May cause tachycardia
432:Clinical Applications
217:
175:α-adrenergic receptors
167:pharmacological agents
151:
6559:Monoamine neurotoxins
3945:GABA receptor agonist
1790:Adrenergic antagonist
1764:
1754:
1279:
1223:, a non-competitive α
1215:
1153:Pausinystalia johimbe
1086:
215:
146:
6742:Saw palmetto extract
6706:Gestonorone caproate
6128:Dichloroisoprenaline
2444:(4 Suppl 3): 721–3.
2356:(Suppl 4): S42–S48.
1593:erectile dysfunction
1554:erectile dysfunction
1526:urinary incontinence
1197:adrenergic receptors
1139:Erectile dysfunction
996:erectile dysfunction
465:Irreversibly binds.
426:Mechanism of Action
396:Finally, the agents
202:erectile dysfunction
89:Erectile Dysfunction
6701:Delmadinone acetate
5807:Phenylpropanolamine
5673:Ethylnorepinephrine
5149:Phenylpropanolamine
5055:Ethylnorepinephrine
4452:Phenylpropanolamine
4358:Ethylnorepinephrine
4251:Adrenergic receptor
4161:receptor antagonist
2729:2002NYASA.970....1B
2128:Green, Ben (2014).
2072:Clinical Cardiology
1785:Adrenergic receptor
1644:Mechanism of action
1013:blockers, to treat
102:Receptor antagonist
96:Mechanism of action
3549:Pharmacomodulation
3383:cvpharmacology.com
3224:Reviews in Urology
3180:Reviews in Urology
2350:Reviews in Urology
1767:
1757:
1613:can interact with
1468:Other side effects
1301:blockers, such as
1283:
1218:
1102:, a nonselective α
1090:
1054:thiazide diuretics
850:Sexual stimulation
218:
165:, are a class of
152:
112:Neutral antagonist
110: •
105: •
100: •
87: •
82: •
77: •
72: •
67: •
62: •
57: •
6767:
6766:
6711:Osaterone acetate
6569:
6568:
6562:
6553:
6544:
6535:
6526:
6517:
6508:
6491:
6490:
6238:Iodocyanopindolol
6213:Hydroxytertatolol
6133:Dihydroalprenolol
5746:
5738:
5730:
5647:
5499:
5498:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5029:
5011:Dihydroergotamine
4928:
4927:
4761:hydroxynefazodone
4626:dihydroergotamine
4396:
4388:
4380:
4337:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4174:
4173:
4002:
4001:
3922:
3921:
3692:Enzyme inhibition
3478:The FASEB Journal
3104:(6368): 832–834.
2927:978-1-84628-428-1
2877:(24): 1802–1813.
1963:978-0-07-176402-5
1771:
1770:
1540:Drug interactions
1504:Contraindications
1375:first dose effect
1369:First dose effect
1363:first dose effect
1338:first dose effect
1295:Raynaud's disease
1272:Raynaud's disease
1158:neurotransmitters
984:Raynaud's disease
967:
966:
868:May cause anxiety
754:First dose effect
688:First dose effect
621:First dose effect
284:activity), or an
194:Raynaud's disease
141:
140:
119:Biological target
74:Raynaud's Disease
49:Class identifiers
16:(Redirected from
6787:
6735:Pygeum africanum
6650:Alpha-1 blockers
6596:
6589:
6582:
6573:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6520:
6511:
6499:
6208:Hydroxycarteolol
5772:Methoxyphenamine
5744:
5736:
5731:-DOPA (levodopa)
5728:
5645:
5619:-methyldopamine)
5510:
5414:Phenoxybenzamine
5091:
5083:
5078:-DOPA (levodopa)
5075:
5027:
4996:-methyldopamine)
4942:
4754:Phenylpiperazine
4744:Phenoxybenzamine
4394:
4386:
4381:-DOPA (levodopa)
4378:
4335:
4319:Dexisometheptene
4309:-methyldopamine)
4270:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4221:
4191:Enzyme cofactors
4110:Opioid modulator
4067:Cannabinoidergic
3933:
3739:
3726:
3680:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3493:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3404:"Alpha-blockers"
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3375:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3353:. Archived from
3348:
3340:
3329:
3328:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3261:
3250:
3249:
3239:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3015:
3002:
3001:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2951:European Urology
2946:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2836:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2776:
2765:
2764:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2551:(5): 1295–1296.
2536:
2530:
2529:
2512:(3): 1029–1035.
2501:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2401:(8): 1030–1036.
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2308:
2279:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2125:
2114:
2113:
2087:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1985:(9): 1459–1465.
1974:
1968:
1967:
1949:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1811:
1747:
1708:adenylyl cyclase
1702:are labeled as G
1546:phenoxybenzamine
1522:contraindication
1418:phenoxybenzamine
1221:Phenoxybenzamine
1100:Phenoxybenzamine
1093:Pheochromocytoma
1079:Pheochromocytoma
1015:type II diabetes
992:pheochromocytoma
936:
890:
834:
791:
760:Nasal congestion
725:
694:Nasal congestion
661:
627:Nasal congestion
585:
549:Pheochromocytoma
523:
478:Pheochromocytoma
452:
441:Phenoxybenzamine
414:
303:Phenoxybenzamine
157:, also known as
79:Pheochromocytoma
64:Vasoconstriction
30:
21:
6795:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6747:
6726:Herbal products
6720:
6682:
6644:
6611:
6600:
6570:
6565:
6487:
5906:
5495:
5233:
5006:Dexmedetomidine
4937:
4924:
4757:antidepressants
4481:
4314:Desglymidodrine
4265:
4256:
4248:
4218:
4209:
4170:
4160:
4129:
4096:
4061:
3998:
3960:
3918:
3907:
3881:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3834:
3805:
3719:
3710:
3695:
3671:
3617:Inverse agonist
3607:Partial agonist
3551:
3546:
3516:
3515:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3357:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3332:
3302:
3301:
3290:
3282:10.1002/psb.779
3263:
3262:
3253:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3017:
3016:
3005:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2778:
2777:
2768:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2282:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2078:(11): 764–772.
2065:
2064:
2057:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1837:
1830:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1776:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1688:
1681:Phospholipase C
1678:
1672:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1542:
1506:
1470:
1430:
1406:
1371:
1358:
1356:Adverse effects
1324:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1274:
1250:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1195:
1191:
1188:contains both α
1149:
1141:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1081:
1066:
1035:
1027:
1012:
1005:(PTSD) induced
972:
942:
896:
840:
797:
731:
667:
591:
533:
529:
462:
458:
404:are both α and
370:
346:inverse agonist
326:
294:
282:
275:
268:
261:
250:
242:
233:
225:
210:
179:α-adrenoceptors
124:α-adrenoceptors
109:
107:Inverse agonist
104:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
34:
33:Alpha blockers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6793:
6791:
6783:
6782:
6780:Alpha blockers
6772:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6738:
6730:
6728:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6602:Drugs used in
6601:
6599:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6576:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6554:
6545:
6536:
6527:
6518:
6509:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6118:Dexpropranolol
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:Norepinephrine
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5752:Levosalbutamol
5749:
5741:
5739:-Phenylalanine
5733:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5473:chlorpromazine
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5309:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5229:Xylometazoline
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Norepinephrine
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5088:
5086:-Phenylalanine
5080:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4892:chlorpromazine
4885:
4880:
4854:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4551:
4546:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4477:Xylometazoline
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4432:Norepinephrine
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4391:
4389:-Phenylalanine
4383:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4195:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4022:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3905:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3772:
3766:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3723:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3484:(3): 832–839.
3464:
3435:10.1038/nrm908
3429:(9): 639–650.
3413:
3394:
3363:
3360:on 2017-08-29.
3330:
3288:
3251:
3230:(4): 181–190.
3207:
3166:
3159:
3133:
3081:
3059:
3003:
2984:(4): 633–653.
2968:
2957:(2): 129–144.
2938:
2926:
2896:
2856:
2827:(5): 558–569.
2804:
2766:
2704:
2669:(4): 251–270.
2650:
2607:
2588:(2): 433–436.
2572:
2531:
2496:
2475:(3): 173–179.
2455:
2428:
2385:
2336:
2322:978-0397515677
2321:
2280:
2269:(4): 486–490.
2253:
2218:(4): 345–355.
2199:
2167:
2140:(4): 253–259.
2115:
2055:
2020:(4): 633–653.
2004:
1969:
1962:
1835:
1828:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1686:
1676:
1670:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1601:antihistamines
1541:
1538:
1533:step 4 therapy
1505:
1502:
1488:, psychiatric
1469:
1466:
1429:
1426:
1405:
1402:
1370:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1322:
1317:Patients with
1314:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1289:blockers and α
1286:
1273:
1270:
1248:
1240:
1237:
1233:Giles Brindley
1228:
1224:
1193:
1189:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1042:ACE inhibitors
1033:
1026:
1023:
1010:
971:
968:
965:
964:
963:
962:
957:
956:
955:
947:
944:
940:
937:
930:
924:
918:
917:
916:
915:
910:
909:
908:
901:
898:
894:
891:
884:
881:
875:
874:
873:
872:
869:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
845:
842:
838:
835:
828:
825:
819:
818:
817:
816:
811:
810:
809:
802:
799:
795:
792:
785:
782:
776:
775:
774:
773:
770:
767:
766:Lack of energy
764:
761:
758:
755:
750:
749:
748:
743:
736:
733:
729:
726:
719:
716:
710:
709:
708:
707:
704:
701:
700:Lack of energy
698:
695:
692:
689:
684:
683:
682:
679:
672:
669:
665:
662:
655:
649:
643:
642:
641:
640:
637:
634:
633:Lack of energy
631:
628:
625:
622:
617:
616:
615:
609:
603:
596:
593:
589:
586:
579:
576:
570:
569:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
553:
552:
551:
544:
538:
531:
527:
524:
517:
514:
508:
507:
506:
505:
502:
499:
494:
489:
488:
487:
480:
473:
467:
460:
456:
453:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:Common Brands
418:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
368:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
339:
334:
324:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
292:
280:
273:
266:
259:
254:
253:
251:-adrenoceptors
248:
240:
236:
234:-adrenoceptors
231:
223:
209:
208:Classification
206:
155:Alpha-blockers
139:
138:
132:
131:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
98:
92:
91:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6792:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6696:Allylestrenol
6694:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6605:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6585:
6583:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6523:Serotonergics
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:Dopaminergics
6510:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:Levobetaxolol
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Cyanopindolol
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:Orciprenaline
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5693:Hexoprenaline
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:Esmirtazapine
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5278:brexpiprazole
5275:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:Oxymetazoline
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Apraclonidine
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4931:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4861:amitriptyline
4858:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4773:triazoledione
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4554:Beta blockers
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:brexpiprazole
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Phenylephrine
4445:
4443:
4442:Oxymetazoline
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4373:Isometheptene
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:Miscellaneous
4177:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3966:Glutamatergic
3963:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3840:Histaminergic
3837:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3395:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3160:9780323039611
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:9780838505533
1825:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1717:Because the α
1715:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:beta blockers
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1058:beta blockers
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
969:
960:
959:
958:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
939:Blocks some α
938:
935:
931:
929:
925:
923:
920:
919:
913:
912:
911:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
893:Blocks some α
892:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
870:
867:
866:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
836:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
814:
813:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
800:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
727:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
685:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
663:
660:
656:
654:
650:
648:
645:
644:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
618:
613:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
594:
587:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
566:Anginal pain
565:
562:
559:
556:
555:
554:
550:
547:
546:
545:
543:
539:
537:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
491:
490:
485:
484:catecholamine
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
472:
468:
466:
454:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
415:
412:
409:
407:
403:
399:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
372:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
291:
287:
283:
276:
269:
262:
252:
244:
237:
235:
227:
220:
219:
214:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
150:
145:
137:
133:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
103:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
31:
19:
6740:
6733:
6557:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6521:
6512:
6501:
6500:
6293:Metipranolol
6278:Levomoprolol
6223:Idropranolol
5718:Isoprenaline
5616:
5540:Arformoterol
5485:thioridazine
5477:fluphenazine
5449:Spiroxatrine
5409:Phentolamine
5328:tandospirone
5294:paliperidone
5184:Tasipimidine
5164:Rezatomidine
5109:Medetomidine
4993:
4904:thioridazine
4896:fluphenazine
4877:trimipramine
4865:clomipramine
4749:Phentolamine
4618:acetergamine
4594:Corynanthine
4306:
4201:
4189:
3887:Serotonergic
3811:Dopaminergic
3778:
3690:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3407:
3397:
3386:. Retrieved
3382:
3355:the original
3350:
3311:(5): 20–22.
3308:
3304:
3272:
3268:
3227:
3223:
3186:(2): 85–91.
3183:
3179:
3169:
3142:
3136:
3101:
3097:
3075:
3030:(1): 43–47.
3027:
3023:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2954:
2950:
2931:, retrieved
2909:
2899:
2874:
2870:
2824:
2820:
2788:
2784:
2720:
2716:
2666:
2662:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2313:Pharmacology
2312:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2215:
2212:The Prostate
2211:
2190:. Retrieved
2179:
2170:
2137:
2133:
2075:
2071:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1953:
1817:
1809:
1780:Beta blocker
1716:
1710:to decrease
1683:to increase
1662:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1619:hypertension
1609:
1570:
1550:phentolamine
1543:
1530:
1507:
1498:
1471:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1422:phentolamine
1411:
1407:
1387:
1372:
1359:
1331:
1316:
1297:. Although α
1284:
1242:
1219:
1207:Phentolamine
1205:
1186:Yohimbe bark
1166:nitric oxide
1151:
1142:
1118:
1098:
1091:
1062:
1030:Hypertension
1028:
1025:Hypertension
1000:
976:hypertension
973:
970:Medical uses
927:
906:Hypertension
741:Hypertension
677:Hypertension
652:
601:Hypertension
541:
535:
512:Phentolamine
470:
464:
445:Dibenzyline
410:
395:
366:
322:
308:Phentolamine
297:
263:blocker, an
255:
190:hypertension
187:
183:
169:that act as
162:
158:
154:
153:
148:
130:Legal status
59:Hypertension
40:
6759:Mepartricin
6635:Finasteride
6630:Epristeride
6625:Dutasteride
6418:Spirendolol
6393:Propranolol
6388:Propafenone
6383:Pronethalol
6273:Levobunolol
6248:Isoxaprolol
6233:Indopanolol
6218:ICI-118,551
6183:Eugenodilol
6168:Ersentilide
6148:Draquinolol
6143:Diprafenone
6113:Dalbraminol
6093:Cicloprolol
6068:Carpindolol
6053:Butofilolol
5998:Bornaprolol
5943:Alprenoxime
5911:Antagonists
5872:Tulobuterol
5867:Tretoquinol
5862:Terbutaline
5822:Ractopamine
5817:Prenalterol
5723:Isoxsuprine
5708:Indacaterol
5678:Eugenodilol
5668:Etilevodopa
5653:Epinephrine
5644:Droxidopa (
5624:Dipivefrine
5595:Clenbuterol
5439:Setiptiline
5429:Rauwolscine
5404:Pardoprunox
5394:Mirtazapine
5359:Fenmetozole
5302:risperidone
5265:Atipamezole
5238:Antagonists
5194:Tiamenidine
5189:Tetryzoline
5169:Rilmenidine
5134:Naphazoline
5070:Guanoxabenz
5045:Epinephrine
5035:Etilevodopa
5026:Droxidopa (
5016:Dipivefrine
4977:Brimonidine
4847:maprotiline
4724:Pardoprunox
4719:Niguldipine
4679:Mepiprazole
4654:Hydroxyzine
4644:Etoperidone
4634:nicergoline
4604:Domesticine
4599:Dapiprazole
4574:eugenodilol
4549:Benoxathian
4543:risperidone
4508:Anisodamine
4486:Antagonists
4467:Tiamenidine
4462:Tetryzoline
4427:Naphazoline
4412:Methoxamine
4407:Metaraminol
4353:Etilevodopa
4343:Epinephrine
4334:Droxidopa (
4324:Dipivefrine
4285:Amidephrine
4203:Amino acids
4102:Opioidergic
4008:Cholinergic
3721:transporter
3701:Ion channel
3637:Transporter
3581:Ion channel
2821:Circulation
2723:(1): 1–10.
2623:: 116–125.
1605:hypotension
1597:anxiolytics
1566:hypotension
1514:hypotension
1170:palpitation
860:Hypotension
798:receptors.
772:Drowsiness
706:Drowsiness
653:Cardura XL
639:Drowsiness
560:Tachycardia
534:receptors.
497:Tachycardia
463:receptors.
386:Mirtazapine
376:Atipamezole
367:Selective α
323:Selective α
171:antagonists
136:In Wikidata
6716:Oxendolone
6673:Tamsulosin
6639:+tadalafil
6483:Xipranolol
6473:Toliprolol
6463:Tiprenolol
6448:Tienoxolol
6443:Tertatolol
6428:Sulfinalol
6408:Soquinolol
6403:Ronactolol
6378:Procinolol
6373:Primidolol
6358:Penbutolol
6338:Pacrinolol
6333:Oxprenolol
6328:Nipradilol
6298:Metoprolol
6288:Mepindolol
6283:Medroxalol
6253:Isamoltane
6243:Iprocrolol
6203:Flusoxolol
6193:Falintolol
6173:Esatenolol
6123:Diacetolol
6103:Cloranolol
6083:Celiprolol
6078:Carvedilol
6058:Capsinolol
6043:Butaxamine
6038:Bupranolol
6028:Bunitrolol
6008:Bucindolol
6003:Brefonalol
5993:Bopindolol
5988:Bisoprolol
5983:Bevantolol
5963:Arotinolol
5948:Amosulalol
5938:Alprenolol
5918:Acebutolol
5897:Zilpaterol
5882:Vilanterol
5857:Solabegron
5852:Salmeterol
5847:Salbutamol
5832:Reproterol
5827:Procaterol
5812:Pirbuterol
5797:Oxyfedrine
5782:Mirabegron
5777:Methyldopa
5767:Melevodopa
5757:Lubabegron
5713:Isoetarine
5698:Higenamine
5688:Formoterol
5663:Etilefrine
5658:Etafedrine
5639:Dopexamine
5629:Dobutamine
5610:Denopamine
5605:Corbadrine
5585:Carmoterol
5580:Carbuterol
5570:Broxaterol
5565:Bitolterol
5555:Bambuterol
5545:Arotinolol
5535:Arbutamine
5525:Alifedrine
5520:Abediterol
5464:Tolazoline
5454:Sunepitron
5444:Spegatrine
5434:Rotigotine
5374:Ketanserin
5364:Fluparoxan
5344:Cirazoline
5339:Buflomedil
5324:ipsapirone
5312:Azapirones
5298:quetiapine
5290:olanzapine
5286:lurasidone
5260:Aptazapine
5255:Amesergide
5204:Tolonidine
5199:Tizanidine
5179:Talipexole
5174:Romifidine
5129:Moxonidine
5119:Methyldopa
5114:Melevodopa
5104:Lofexidine
5065:Guanfacine
5050:Etilefrine
5040:Ergotamine
5001:Detomidine
4987:Corbadrine
4883:Trimazosin
4873:imipramine
4834:Tolazoline
4829:Tiodazosin
4819:Tamsulosin
4814:Talipexole
4804:Spegatrine
4789:Quinazosin
4765:nefazodone
4739:Phendioxan
4729:Pelanserin
4714:Niaprazine
4709:Neldazosin
4699:Naftopidil
4694:Moxisylyte
4664:Ketanserin
4649:Fenspiride
4622:ergotamine
4584:Buflomedil
4570:carvedilol
4566:arotinolol
4562:amosulalol
4539:quetiapine
4535:olanzapine
4498:Ajmalicine
4457:Synephrine
4437:Octopamine
4417:Methyldopa
4402:Melevodopa
4368:Indanidine
4348:Etilefrine
4300:Corbadrine
4295:Cirazoline
4254:modulators
4051:Ganglionic
4042:Muscarinic
4020:Muscarinic
3743:Adrenergic
3612:Antagonist
3388:2017-11-15
3269:Prescriber
2933:2024-02-26
2192:29 January
1801:References
1634:carvedilol
1615:stimulants
1577:tamsulosin
1562:tamsulosin
1558:sildenafil
1490:depression
1478:drowsiness
1458:tamsulosin
1266:tamsulosin
1125:bucindolol
1121:carvedilol
1073:carvedilol
1007:nightmares
922:Carvedilol
780:Tamsulosin
732:receptor.
668:receptor.
592:receptor.
578:Minipress
423:Structure
417:Drug Name
406:β-blockers
398:carvedilol
352:Tamsulosin
313:Tolazoline
200:(BPH) and
159:α-blockers
42:Drug class
35:α-blockers
6678:Terazosin
6668:Silodosin
6663:Doxazosin
6658:Alfuzosin
6502:See also:
6478:Xibenolol
6468:Tolamolol
6453:Tilisolol
6433:Talinolol
6423:SR 59230A
6398:Ridazolol
6368:Practolol
6348:Pamatolol
6343:Pafenolol
6323:Nifenalol
6318:Nebivolol
6313:Nadoxolol
6263:Landiolol
6258:Labetalol
6228:Indenolol
6198:Flestolol
6188:Exaprolol
6153:Ecastolol
6138:Dilevalol
6098:Cinamolol
6088:Cetamolol
6073:Carteolol
6063:Carazolol
6048:Butidrine
6023:Bufuralol
6018:Bufetolol
6013:Bucumolol
5978:Betaxolol
5973:Befunolol
5953:Ancarolol
5923:Adaprolol
5887:Xamoterol
5842:Ritodrine
5837:Rimiterol
5802:PF-610355
5762:Mabuterol
5747:-Tyrosine
5703:Ibopamine
5683:Fenoterol
5590:Cimaterol
5575:Buphenine
5560:Befunolol
5530:Amibegron
5491:Yohimbine
5459:Terguride
5424:Piribedil
5419:Piperoxan
5389:Mianserin
5334:BRL-44408
5316:buspirone
5282:clozapine
5274:asenapine
5214:Vatinoxan
5154:Piperoxan
5124:Mivazerol
5099:Ibopamine
5094:-Tyrosine
5060:Guanabenz
4982:Clonidine
4920:Zolertine
4851:mianserin
4843:amoxapine
4824:Terazosin
4809:Spiperone
4799:Silodosin
4794:Quinidine
4779:Piperoxan
4769:trazodone
4734:Perlapine
4704:Nantenine
4689:Monatepil
4684:Metazosin
4669:L-765,314
4659:Indoramin
4638:terguride
4614:Ergolines
4609:Doxazosin
4589:Bunazosin
4578:labetalol
4531:clozapine
4518:Atiprosin
4513:Anisodine
4503:Alfuzosin
4493:Abanoquil
4422:Midodrine
4397:-Tyrosine
4363:Ibopamine
4290:Buspirone
4198:Precursor
4047:Nicotinic
4025:Nicotinic
3937:GABAergic
3662:Precursor
3647:Inhibitor
3573:Inhibitor
3443:1471-0080
2843:0009-7322
2791:(1): 11.
2761:222084372
2745:1749-6632
2683:0012-6667
2415:0002-953X
2362:1523-6161
2232:1097-0045
2181:Drugs.com
2094:1932-8737
2050:250307179
2034:0012-6667
1956:. Lange.
1700:receptors
1673:receptors
1638:labetalol
1627:clonidine
1611:Yohimbine
1585:terazosin
1581:doxazosin
1494:dry mouth
1474:dizziness
1462:doxazosin
1454:terazosin
1414:yohimbine
1398:terazosin
1394:doxazosin
1383:dizziness
1334:dizziness
1325:blocker,
1261:terazosin
1257:doxazosin
1201:alkaloids
1199:blocking
1144:Yohimbine
1129:labetalol
1069:Labetalol
928:Coreg CR
883:Trandate
879:Labetalol
823:Yohimbine
763:Dizziness
714:Terazosin
697:Dizziness
647:Doxazosin
630:Dizziness
563:Arrythmia
516:Regitine
504:Vomiting
435:Toxicity
402:labetalol
391:Yohimbine
362:Silodosin
357:Terazosin
337:Doxazosin
332:Alfuzosin
318:Trazodone
295:blocker.
243:-blockers
226:-blockers
6774:Category
6363:Pindolol
6353:Pargolol
6303:Moprolol
6178:Esprolol
6163:Ericolol
6158:Epanolol
5968:Atenolol
5933:Afurolol
5928:Adimolol
5902:Zinterol
5877:Vibegron
5634:Dopamine
5600:Colterol
5513:Agonists
5481:loxapine
5379:Lisuride
5369:Idazoxan
5349:Efaroxan
5320:gepirone
5306:zotepine
5250:Adimolol
5224:Xylazine
5209:Urapidil
5021:Dopamine
4945:Agonists
4910:Urapidil
4900:loxapine
4784:Prazosin
4630:lisuride
4558:adimolol
4329:Dopamine
4273:Agonists
4186:Cofactor
4056:Muscular
3716:Receptor
3667:Cofactor
3653:Releaser
3641:Enhancer
3635:♦
3598:Receptor
3596:♦
3579:♦
3562:♦
3508:83827013
3459:23659116
3451:12209124
3325:11074198
3246:18231614
3202:18660858
3054:24490030
2998:18656283
2891:10853004
2851:10662755
2753:12381537
2699:42161040
2637:28780421
2567:11691497
2526:14767264
2380:16986054
2331:34905985
2248:37160206
2186:Archived
2162:40069887
2154:25036580
2110:24619863
2042:11893233
1774:See also
1623:naloxone
1573:prazosin
1482:weakness
1450:prazosin
1390:prazosin
1342:weakness
1327:prazosin
1303:prazosin
1253:Prazosin
1162:dopamine
1088:disease.
1038:prazosin
961:Fatigue
837:Blocks α
769:Headache
703:Headache
651:Cardura
636:Headache
574:Prazosin
486:release
429:Effects
381:Idazoxan
342:Prazosin
6458:Timolol
6438:Tazolol
6413:Sotalol
6308:Nadolol
6033:Bunolol
5958:Arnolol
5892:XP21279
5471:(e.g.,
5399:NAN-190
5314:(e.g.,
5272:(e.g.,
5219:XP21279
4967:Amitraz
4915:WB-4101
4890:(e.g.,
4869:doxepin
4859:(e.g.,
4841:(e.g.,
4759:(e.g.,
4616:(e.g.,
4556:(e.g.,
4525:(e.g.,
4472:XP21279
4143:(AdoRI)
4093:(eCBRI)
3676:Classes
3602:Agonist
3590:Blocker
3568:Inducer
3500:1346768
3408:Patient
3305:Urology
3237:2213889
3193:2483321
3128:6403103
3119:1547159
3045:3896131
2963:8647139
2725:Bibcode
2602:9649257
2491:9330125
2423:3037926
2371:1477608
2240:1711689
2102:1980236
1999:6134533
1621:drugs,
1595:drugs,
1486:fatigue
1350:fatigue
1182:anxiety
990:(CHF),
784:Flomax
718:Hytrin
482:Excess
245:act on
228:act on
6752:Others
5648:-DOPS)
5030:-DOPS)
4957:4-NEMD
4338:-DOPS)
4087:(eCBE)
3684:Enzyme
3585:Opener
3564:Enzyme
3506:
3498:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3323:
3244:
3234:
3200:
3190:
3157:
3126:
3116:
3052:
3042:
2996:
2961:
2924:
2889:
2849:
2841:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2645:251991
2643:
2635:
2600:
2565:
2524:
2489:
2448:
2421:
2413:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2329:
2319:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2160:
2152:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2048:
2040:
2032:
1997:
1960:
1826:
1625:, and
1599:, and
1556:(i.e.
1492:, and
1460:, and
1420:, and
1396:, and
1348:, and
1346:nausea
1285:Both α
1259:, and
1180:, and
1174:tremor
1146:, an α
1127:, and
994:, and
926:Coreg
827:Yocon
614:(PTSD)
501:Nausea
4962:6-FNE
4280:6-FNE
4200:(see
4188:(see
4134:Other
3957:(GRI)
3915:(SRI)
3831:(DRI)
3802:(NRI)
3718:&
3630:(NAM)
3624:(PAM)
3556:Types
3504:S2CID
3455:S2CID
3358:(PDF)
3347:(PDF)
2757:S2CID
2695:S2CID
2691:25757
2663:Drugs
2641:S2CID
2450:10949
2244:S2CID
2158:S2CID
2106:S2CID
2046:S2CID
2014:Drugs
1721:and α
1583:, or
1435:edema
1227:and α
1192:and α
1106:and α
954:(CHF)
608:(BPH)
530:and α
459:and α
6608:G04C
5550:BAAM
5384:mCPP
5245:1-PP
5159:PS75
4674:mCPP
3988:NMDA
3978:AMPA
3904:5-HT
3706:See
3689:see
3655:(RA)
3649:(RI)
3643:(RE)
3496:PMID
3447:PMID
3439:ISSN
3321:PMID
3242:PMID
3198:PMID
3155:ISBN
3124:PMID
3050:PMID
2994:PMID
2959:PMID
2922:ISBN
2887:PMID
2847:PMID
2839:ISSN
2749:PMID
2741:ISSN
2687:PMID
2679:ISSN
2633:PMID
2598:PMID
2563:PMID
2522:PMID
2487:PMID
2446:PMID
2419:PMID
2411:ISSN
2376:PMID
2358:ISSN
2327:OCLC
2317:ISBN
2236:PMID
2228:ISSN
2194:2021
2150:PMID
2098:PMID
2090:ISSN
2038:PMID
2030:ISSN
1995:PMID
1958:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1736:and
1712:cAMP
1690:and
1636:and
1164:and
1046:ARBs
1017:and
400:and
277:and
3486:doi
3431:doi
3313:doi
3277:doi
3232:PMC
3188:PMC
3147:doi
3114:PMC
3106:doi
3102:286
3040:PMC
3032:doi
2986:doi
2914:doi
2879:doi
2875:342
2829:doi
2825:101
2793:doi
2733:doi
2721:970
2671:doi
2625:doi
2621:124
2590:doi
2586:159
2553:doi
2514:doi
2510:171
2477:doi
2403:doi
2399:144
2366:PMC
2271:doi
2220:doi
2142:doi
2080:doi
2022:doi
1987:doi
1738:DAG
1692:DAG
1548:or
1524:is
1516:or
1243:In
1071:or
1056:or
978:or
181:).
173:on
161:or
84:CHF
69:BPH
54:Use
6776::
5483:,
5479:,
5475:,
5326:,
5322:,
5318:,
5304:,
5300:,
5296:,
5292:,
5288:,
5284:,
5280:,
5276:,
4902:,
4898:,
4894:,
4875:,
4871:,
4867:,
4863:,
4849:,
4845:,
4771:,
4767:,
4763:,
4636:,
4632:,
4628:,
4624:,
4620:,
4576:,
4572:,
4568:,
4564:,
4560:,
4541:,
4537:,
4533:,
4529:,
4157:NK
4058:))
4027:)
3928:AA
3771:))
3730:BA
3639::
3600::
3583::
3566::
3502:.
3494:.
3480:.
3476:.
3453:.
3445:.
3437:.
3425:.
3406:.
3381:.
3366:^
3349:.
3333:^
3319:.
3309:56
3307:.
3291:^
3273:22
3271:.
3267:.
3254:^
3240:.
3226:.
3222:.
3210:^
3196:.
3184:10
3182:.
3178:.
3153:.
3122:.
3112:.
3100:.
3096:.
3084:^
3062:^
3048:.
3038:.
3026:.
3022:.
3006:^
2992:.
2982:59
2980:.
2955:29
2953:.
2941:^
2920:,
2908:,
2885:.
2873:.
2859:^
2845:.
2837:.
2823:.
2819:.
2807:^
2787:.
2783:.
2769:^
2755:.
2747:.
2739:.
2731:.
2719:.
2707:^
2693:.
2685:.
2677:.
2667:15
2665:.
2653:^
2639:.
2631:.
2619:.
2596:.
2584:.
2561:.
2549:38
2547:.
2543:.
2520:.
2508:.
2485:.
2471:.
2467:.
2440:.
2417:.
2409:.
2397:.
2374:.
2364:.
2352:.
2348:.
2325:.
2283:^
2265:.
2242:.
2234:.
2226:.
2216:18
2214:.
2202:^
2184:.
2178:.
2156:.
2148:.
2138:20
2136:.
2132:.
2118:^
2104:.
2096:.
2088:.
2076:13
2074:.
2070:.
2058:^
2044:.
2036:.
2028:.
2018:62
2016:.
1993:.
1983:32
1981:.
1838:^
1731:IP
1714:.
1685:IP
1617:,
1591:,
1579:,
1575:,
1568:.
1560:,
1496:.
1484:,
1480:,
1476:,
1464:.
1456:,
1452:,
1424:.
1416:,
1400:.
1392:,
1381:,
1352:.
1344:,
1336:,
1255:,
1203:.
1184:.
1176:,
1172:,
1123:,
1052:,
1048:,
1044:,
1021:.
998:.
986:,
408:.
196:,
192:,
6641:)
6637:(
6610:)
6606:(
6595:e
6588:t
6581:v
5745:L
5737:L
5729:L
5646:L
5617:N
5505:β
5487:)
5330:)
5308:)
5092:L
5084:L
5076:L
5028:L
4994:N
4936:2
4934:α
4906:)
4879:)
4853:)
4775:)
4640:)
4580:)
4545:)
4395:L
4387:L
4379:L
4336:L
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