347:). But later in 1926 Zia' os-Soltan rejected his appointment and was betrayed when he saw Reza Shah had become dictator and all of Iran's democratic achievements were made null. As well as it happened to several other Qajar nobles, Reza Shah Pahlavi occupied most of Zia' os-Soltan's possessions and estates in Azerbaijan and made them crown domains (i.e., his own domains). Up from this point Amanollah Khan did not care about any political questions further more but only about his Tehran residence at
317:
by the
British, moved into Tehran in July 1909, took over the city and could free them. Three days later, Mohammad Ali Shah asked for asylum in the Russian embassy, was forced to abdicate and leave the country. In his place his twelve-year-old son, Soltan Ahmad Shah (r. 1909–1925), was made ruler under the supervision of a regent. Thus, in the next decade Mirza Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan was a political advisor of the young shah's government.
276:
were forced to drink the dirty water of a small pool. Each day their guard, a certain Soltan Bagher, would take them out eight by eight in chains, and brought them to the tribunal of interrogators. These men supporting the shah's autocratic style to rule were
Moayyed od-Dowleh (the Governor of Tehran), Prince Moayyed os-Saltaneh, Seyyed Mohsen Sadr ol-Ashraf, Mir Panj Arshad od-Dowleh, Mirza Abdol Motalleb Yazdi (the editor of the royalist
156:
164:
22:
321:
148:
236:-fraction from Tabriz to Tehran, arose at court to the imperial entourage and was awarded with the title of "Zia' os-Soltan" by the shah. With his marriage to a Qajar princess - a cousin to the shah - Zia' os-Soltan was close related to the Imperial house. The family lived in the 1903 newly electric illuminated Tehran district of
272:(lit. "Royal Garden"), a residence just outside the city and later a village for the aristocracy, where he would be safe under the protection of the Cossack Brigade. When the people protested against his politics, the shah demanded the Cossacks for bombarding the parliament building Baharestan (lit. "Place of Springtime").
316:
Finally before his execution Zia' os-Soltan was released with others accused of being guilty of the attempt on
Mohammad Ali Shah's life, among them Heydar Amoghli, Esmail Ghafghazi, Mirza Mousa Khan Zargar and Reza Azarbeidjani, who had thrown the bomb. This happened when revolutionary troops, backed
275:
Then, a few days later, Zia' os-Soltan was arrested with some other political leaders and Qajar princes, too. He was accused of being involved in a bomb assault against the shah. The only food for each prisoner a day was one round bread and cucumbers. They were denied fresh cold water and thus they
358:
There is another story run within his family: "One day Reza Shah visited Zia' os-Soltan at his residence in Bagh-e Shah. The monarch's eyes fall on a rosary (tasbih) of Zia os-Soltan fully made of fine rubies. This jewel pleased the shah so much that he asked him about it, what in fact was an order
308:
newspaper, Soltan ol-Olama
Khorasani Rouh ol-Qodos, and Zia' os-Soltan. Because these two men were suspected that they had knowledge of the background to the attempt on the shah's life, they were subjected to severe torture. Every night they would be taken out and tied to stools and beaten severely
267:
When
Mohammad Ali Shah came to power in 1906, he feared that the European powers, especially Britain, could strengthen their influence via the parliament. However, the shah rejected his father's democratic measures and, dissolving the First Majles, reclaimed absolute power. Finally, riots broke out
342:
Thus, to show the close relations between his own family and the new dynasty, he presented a bowl made out of pure gold with his own signature inscribed as a gift to the shah (now you can see it among the other treasures in Tehran's
National Jewel Museum at the Central Bank of Iran
285:(Freemason lodge) in the house of Ali Reza Khan Qajar Amirsoleimani Azod ol-Molk (a Qajar elder and the tribal head or Ilkhan, who became later regent to the young Ahmad Shah, who was suspected in plotting against Mohammad Ali Shah and replacing him with his uncle
280:
newspaper) and Mirza Ahmad Khan (the writer of the police station). The tribunal was investigating three matters and by means of torture and pressure wanted to get information about: 1) Who had thrown the bomb at the Shah? 2) Who was the founder of the
251:
As a liberal Qajar aristocratic, a man who stood up for the politics and democracy, he was delegate of Tabriz at the first
Persian National Council to Tehran, when on 15 August 1906 Mozaffar ad-Din Shah proclaimed after the Constitutional Revolution
211:
gave him the noble title "Zia' os-Soltan" (lit. "Splendour of the
Sovereign") for his merits in affairs of state, by which he became popular. Firstly he married in 1897 Princess Shazdeh Khanom Malekeh-Afagh Bahman-Qajar, granddaughter of Prince
333:
In 1923 Zia' os-Soltan was also one of those personalities consulted by Reza Khan Sardar-Sepah, who intended to form a government in the anticipated absence of Soltan Ahmad Shah. But later in 1925 Reza Khan finally declared himself monarch as
338:
and founded a new dynasty. Even in 1926 Zia‘ os-Soltan should have been nominated minister to Reza Shah's cabinet. At first he trusted in the democratic pretensions of the new shah and his ability to reform the country.
180:, died on 11 February 1931 by cancer in Hamburg when on a visit to see medical specialists, and was buried there at the Iranian-Muslim department of Ohlsdorf Cemetery. He was the son of Safar Khan from the
264:) ready for democratic reforms. He was also one of those Qajars notables, who supported the constitution against efforts of Mohammad Ali Shah (r. 1906–1909) for returning to absolutism in 1908.
268:
in Tehran and Tabriz against the government and constitutional forces rose up in both cities. On 4 June 1909 Mohammad Ali Shah, fearing for his personal safety, left
Golestan Palace for
220:
Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom Bahman and Abol Qassem Bahman. After her death in 1917 he married secondly in 1923 a rich landlady from
Damghan, Turkan Aqa Khanom but without any issue.
232:(lit. "Warden of the Province"). When in 1896 the new shah proclaimed Mozaffar ad-Din Shah (r. 1896–1906) took up residence at Tehran, Amanollah Khan came with the so-called
39:
228:
In the time when Crown Prince Mozaffar ad-Din Mirza was heir apparent of Persia and had his seat of power in Tabriz, Amanollah Khan held the administrative post of
355:
and his real estate and last two large villages left by the Pahlavis, Alamdar, near Tabriz, and Mehmandust, between Semnan and Damghan at the Caspian coast.
468:
463:
196:. A wealthy big landowner Amanollah Khan held possession of half the city of Tabriz and large landed properties at Alamdar in the Iranian province of
86:
58:
473:
304:
In all this they would not spare the prisoners any torture or hurt with regard to some of them in particular, especially the editor of the
65:
141:
105:
72:
286:
43:
54:
458:
324:
The Iranian deputies forming the first parliament (majles), 1906.Sitting second from right is Zia' os-Soltan.
79:
32:
453:
448:
208:
129:
388:(History of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran), vol 1, Tehran, 2537 imperial calendar, p. 661.
414:(History of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran), vol 1, Tehran, 2537 imperial calendar, p. 661
213:
151:
Amanollah Khan as a young boy (sitting left in front) with his family, the Donboli clan, ca 1870.
335:
197:
133:
137:
207:(meaning "from Tabriz"), because family names were unknown in Iran of that time. Later
442:
244:("Avenue Electric Light"). Thus, some sources also gave Zia' os-Soltan the sobriquet
185:
155:
163:
21:
320:
128:) was an Iranian aristocrat and politician at Qajar court during the time of
147:
313:, none of those Generals and Ministers present would come to their rescue.
397:
Soltan Ali Mirza Kadjar: "Mohammad Ali Shah: The King and the Man", in:
181:
189:
177:
319:
162:
154:
146:
293:? Other than that they were not interested in the events of the
193:
260:). Zia' os-Soltan became a leader of the constitutional wing (
15:
359:
to Zia os-Soltan to give the shah that rosary as a gift."
167:
Amanollah Khan "Zia' os-Soltan", as older man around 1900.
375:
Private Interview with Keywan Zarrinkafsch, Hamburg 2000.
126:
Amanollah Khan Donboli "Nazer ol-Ayaleh" "Zia' os-Soltan"
309:
and though their cries would resonate in the entire
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
203:This was also the reason he was sometimes called
8:
432:Interview with Keywan Zarrinkafsch, 2000.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
368:
216:, by whom he got his two children, the
248:(lit. "Coming from Tcheragh-Bargh").
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
289:)? 3) Who was giving rifles to the
14:
142:Persian Constitutional Revolution
118:Iranian aristocrat and politician
469:20th-century Iranian politicians
464:19th-century Iranian politicians
240:(lit. "electric light"), at the
184:family, who ruled as hereditary
176:Amanollah Khan was born 1863 at
20:
55:"Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan"
31:needs additional citations for
1:
122:Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan
287:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
256:) reforms and a parliament (
474:Iranian Kurdish politicians
490:
423:Mehdi Bamdad, Rejal-e Iran
412:Tarikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran
386:Tarikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran
159:Amanollah Khan, ca. 1878.
242:Khiyaban-e Cheragh Bargh
325:
168:
160:
152:
323:
166:
158:
150:
209:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
130:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
40:improve this article
349:Khiyaban-e Ferdowsi
459:People from Tabriz
326:
214:Bahman Mirza Qajar
169:
161:
153:
336:Reza Shah Pahlavi
198:Azerbaijan (Iran)
172:Family background
134:Mohammad Ali Shah
116:
115:
108:
90:
481:
433:
430:
424:
421:
415:
408:
402:
395:
389:
382:
376:
373:
140:and hero of the
138:Ahmad Shah Qajar
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
489:
488:
484:
483:
482:
480:
479:
478:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
427:
422:
418:
410:Ahmad Kasravi:
409:
405:
401:, 2009, p. 185.
396:
392:
384:Ahmad Kasravi:
383:
379:
374:
370:
365:
331:
230:Nazer ol-Ayaleh
226:
174:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
487:
485:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
441:
440:
435:
434:
425:
416:
403:
390:
377:
367:
366:
364:
361:
345:Bank-e Markazi
330:
327:
246:Cheragh-Barghi
225:
222:
188:the cities of
173:
170:
117:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
486:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
444:
429:
426:
420:
417:
413:
407:
404:
400:
399:Qajar Studies
394:
391:
387:
381:
378:
372:
369:
362:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
340:
337:
328:
322:
318:
314:
312:
307:
306:Rouh ol-Qodos
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
273:
271:
265:
263:
259:
255:
249:
247:
243:
239:
238:Cheragh-Bargh
235:
231:
223:
221:
219:
215:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
165:
157:
149:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
110:
107:
99:
96:February 2024
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
428:
419:
411:
406:
398:
393:
385:
380:
371:
357:
352:
348:
344:
341:
332:
315:
310:
305:
303:
298:
294:
290:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
257:
253:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
227:
217:
204:
202:
175:
125:
121:
120:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
454:1931 deaths
449:1863 births
353:Bagh-e Shah
311:Bagh-e Shah
270:Bagh-e Shah
262:ejtema'iyun
443:Categories
363:References
329:Last years
218:Shahzadehs
66:newspapers
299:Mashruteh
254:mashruteh
297:and the
291:mojaheds
278:Adamiyat
283:anjoman
205:Tabrizi
182:Donboli
80:scholar
295:Majles
258:majles
224:Career
190:Tabriz
178:Tabriz
124:(also
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
234:Turki
186:Khans
87:JSTOR
73:books
194:Khoy
192:and
136:and
59:news
351:in
42:by
445::
301:.
200:.
144:.
132:,
252:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
