242:. Smith explains that the word "research" is linked to European colonialism. Indigenous peoples are apprehensive and cautious of that connection, and the pursuit of knowledge, or research, is deeply embedded in multiple layers of European and Colonial processes. Colonial definitions and understandings of native peoples were reported to the West and then those representations were sent back and attached to indigenous identity. In this way, research is very powerful. Indigenous researchers must be afforded the opportunity to critique and fine tune the methodologies so that their experiences are more accurately represented.
1807:
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169:, the aim was to educate American Indians so that they could return to their communities and facilitate cultural assimilation. As described by David Beck in his article "American Indian Higher Education before 1974: From Colonization to Self-Determination", the schools were a tool for assimilation. Their focus was not academic, but training for industrial or domestic jobs.
227:
Since the inception of Native
American Studies, there’s been discourse on the question of who should study and contribute to the field of Native Americans Studies. These fundamental questions range from who can study Native American Studies in undergraduate courses to how academics of non-Indian
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and universities throughout the United States. American Indian students, coupled with sympathetic professors, assisted in creating programs with new goals. Rather than being focused on education for community assimilation there was a move to educate for
185:. Programs that practiced community outreach and focused on student retention on campus arose from that movement. The school programs fostered a new interpretation of American Indian history, sociology, and politics.
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137:, indigenousness (as defined in culture, geography, and philosophy) and sovereignty (as legally and historically defined). Practitioners advocate for
60:) is an interdisciplinary academic field that examines the history, culture, politics, issues, spirituality, sociology and contemporary experience of
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1461:"Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, 2nd Edition by Linda Tuhiwai Smith. London and New York: Zed Books, 2012. 240 pp"
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123:, Native American studies scholars consider a variety of perspectives and employ diverse analytical and methodological tools in their work.
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of the 1950s–60s contested mainstream methods of assimilationist indoctrination and the curriculum in
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The Native
American historical experience is marked by forcible and sometimes cooperative attempts at
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Brooks, Lisa; Elliott, Michael; Krupat, Arnold; Pulitano, Elvira; Womack, Craig (June 21, 2011).
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68:. Increasingly, debate has focused on the differences rather than the similarities between other
219:, since Western cultural biases have historically informed anthropology and other disciplines.
215:, emerging from indigenous communities. Developers of Native American studies widely dismissed
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Universities and colleges with Native
American studies departments, programs, and courses
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is a professor of education and Maori development and Pro-Vice-Chancellor Maori at the
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In contrast to
Western anthropology, the knowledge base of Native American studies is
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1666:"Explaining Achievement: Factors affecting Native American College Student Success"
1653:"Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism in Native American Literature: A Panel Discussion"
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Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth (Spring 1997). "Who Stole Native
American Studies?".
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During the First
Convocation of American Indian Scholars in March 1970 at
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marks substantive differences in historical experience from that of other
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Guide to Native
American Studies Programs in the United States and Canada
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Native
American Studies: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources
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1629:. Social Sciences (2nd revised ed.). Libraries Unlimited, U.S.
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descent dominate Native
American Studies and surrounding discourse.
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Two key concepts shape Native
American studies, according to
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Native American and Indigenous Studies Association (NAISA)
1711:
30:"Indian studies" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1706:
208:, and would "defend indigenous nationhood in America".
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and Canada. Drawing from numerous disciplines such as
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Decolonization Indigeneity, Education & Society
1707:Native American and Indigenous Studies Association
1503:Native American and Indigenous Studies Association
820:Native American Art Studies Association, biannual
165:). Beginning with missionaries and leading up to
1625:Heitshu, Sara C.; Marshall, Thomas H. (2009).
1328:"Native American Studies: A Personal Overview"
2386:
1742:
97:racial and ethnic groups in the United States
8:
756:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
223:Discourse about Diversity and Decolonization
1677:Kidwell, Clara Sue; Velie, Alan R. (2005).
881:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
284:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
161:into mainstream European-American culture (
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1727:
1571:"Native American Art Studies Association"
1402:"American Indian Studies Is for Everyone"
1257:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
945:Learn how and when to remove this message
450:Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute
348:Learn how and when to remove this message
64:, or, taking a hemispheric approach, the
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
534:University of North Carolina at Pembroke
1712:Native American Art Studies Association
1300:
200:. This discipline would be informed by
1465:Anthropology & Education Quarterly
830:Southeastern Oklahoma State University
785:Studies in American Indian Literatures
1365:
1363:
1361:
1165:Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
486:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
1672:. Texas State University-San Marcos.
1445:
1443:
1395:
1393:
879:adding citations to reliable sources
824:Native American Literature Symposium
498:University of California, Santa Cruz
282:adding citations to reliable sources
1265:Center for World Indigenous Studies
492:University of California, Riverside
1758:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
835:Symposium on the American Indian,
817:American Indian Studies Conference
763:Canadian Journal of Native Studies
474:University of California, Berkeley
25:
396:Haskell Indian Nations University
390:Haskell Indian Nations University
1805:
1249:
851:
254:
27:Interdisciplinary academic field
564:University of Wisconsin-Madison
480:University of California, Davis
456:United Tribes Technical College
62:Native peoples in North America
964:Kanien'kehaka/Kahnawake Mohawk
601:University of British Columbia
462:University of Alaska Fairbanks
444:Southwestern Community College
1:
837:Northeastern State University
603:(Vancouver, British Columbia)
504:University of Hawaii at Manoa
1683:University of Nebraska Press
1528:University of Nebraska Press
1459:Cain, Tiffany (2013-11-25).
633:(Victoria, British Columbia)
196:and would ultimately reform
167:federally controlled schools
1326:Morris, C. Patrick (1986).
828:Native American Symposium,
650:Blackfeet Community College
591:(Burnaby, British Columbia)
420:Navajo Technical University
408:Northern Arizona University
372:College of Menominee Nation
366:Blackfeet Community College
2912:
619:University of Saskatchewan
540:University of North Dakota
432:San Diego State University
29:
2346:
1803:
1670:Applied Research Projects
1406:American Indian Quarterly
1400:Champagne, Duane (1996).
894:"Native American studies"
749:American Indian Quarterly
716:University of St. Andrews
686:University of East Anglia
621:(Saskatoon, Saskatchewan)
297:"Native American studies"
1664:Crosby, Heather (2011).
1550:"Yellow Medicine Review"
1316:Heitshu, Marshall (2009)
809:Conferences and symposia
680:University of Copenhagen
558:University of Washington
528:University of New Mexico
414:Northwest Indian College
402:Montana State University
74:African American studies
2881:Native American studies
1679:Native American studies
1449:Cook-Lynn (1997), p. 19
1387:Cook-Lynn (1997), p. 10
1369:Cook-Lynn (1997), p. 11
1235:Rocky Boy Chippewa-Cree
1205:White Earth Anishinaabe
718:(St. Andrews, Scotland)
710:University of OsnabrĂĽck
692:University of Edinburgh
589:Simon Fraser University
516:University of Minnesota
426:Salish Kootenai College
38:Native American studies
18:American Indian studies
2886:Native American topics
1378:Cook-Lynn (1997), p. 9
1211:Robert A. Williams Jr.
803:Yellow Medicine Review
704:University of Helsinki
662:University of Aberdeen
637:University of Winnipeg
631:University of Victoria
613:University of Manitoba
546:University of Oklahoma
217:scientific objectivity
78:Asian American studies
2079:European colonization
1722:Native Studies Review
1285:Indigenous Law Centre
1126:Lorin Morgan-Richards
779:Native Studies Review
694:(Edinburgh, Scotland)
682:(Copenhagen, Denmark)
674:University of Cologne
658:(Leiden, Netherlands)
625:University of Toronto
607:University of Calgary
595:University of Alberta
522:University of Montana
468:University of Arizona
240:Hamilton, New Zealand
236:University of Waikato
202:traditional knowledge
174:Civil Rights Movement
89:political sovereignty
58:First Nations studies
1797:Solutrean hypothesis
1280:Indian Country Today
1181:James Thomas Stevens
1096:Trudie Lamb-Richmond
1086:Daniel Heath Justice
984:Cutcha Risling Baldy
875:improve this section
722:University of Tromsø
712:(OsnabrĂĽck, Germany)
698:University of Exeter
664:(Aberdeen, Scotland)
639:(Winnipeg, Manitoba)
615:(Winnipeg, Manitoba)
554:(Salt Lake City, UT)
510:University of Kansas
438:Sitting Bull College
278:improve this section
190:Princeton University
72:disciplines such as
2825:Culture by location
2178:Trinidad and Tobago
1155:Salish and Kootenai
1061:Standing Rock Sioux
1051:Standing Rock Sioux
1037:Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
706:(Helsinki, Finland)
670:(Bern, Switzerland)
597:(Edmonton, Alberta)
577:Carleton University
232:Linda Tuhiwai Smith
135:Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
87:In particular, the
46:Indigenous American
2860:Vernacular culture
2584:Germanic languages
2338:In popular culture
2089:Columbian exchange
2084:Population history
1815:Mythology/Religion
1530:. 14 December 2017
1499:"The NAIS Journal"
1275:Diné College Press
1135:White Earth Ojibwe
1032:Allison Hedge Coke
1006:Santa Clara Pueblo
688:(Norwich, England)
676:(Cologne, Germany)
668:University of Bern
627:(Toronto, Ontario)
609:(Calgary, Alberta)
585:(Montreal, Quebec)
552:University of Utah
384:Fort Lewis College
143:indigenous peoples
93:indigenous nations
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2867:
2850:Political culture
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2367:
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2065:
2064:
1988:
1987:
1958:
1957:
1777:Pre-Columbian era
1692:978-0-8032-7829-5
1636:978-1-56308-971-8
1477:10.1111/aeq.12032
1223:(self-identified
1116:Devon A. Mihesuah
1074:(self-identified
1057:Vine Deloria, Jr.
1047:Philip S. Deloria
955:
954:
947:
929:
700:(Exeter, England)
656:Leiden University
583:McGill University
579:(Ottawa, Ontario)
542:(Grand Forks, ND)
530:(Albuquerque, NM)
518:(Minneapolis, MN)
488:(Los Angeles, CA)
452:(Albuquerque, NM)
378:Dartmouth College
358:
357:
350:
332:
194:indigenous rights
117:political science
16:(Redirected from
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2891:American studies
2840:Official culture
2820:Cultural studies
2509:Central European
2403:cultural studies
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1597:WĂÄŤazo Ĺ a Review
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1332:WĂÄŤazo Ĺ a Review
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1270:Cultural studies
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1231:Alfred Young Man
1067:Raymond DeMallie
1041:Crow Creek Sioux
970:Paula Gunn Allen
950:
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939:
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843:Notable scholars
769:The NAIS Journal
742:WĂÄŤazo Ĺ a Review
724:(Tromsø, Norway)
500:(Santa Cruz, CA)
440:(Fort Yates, ND)
422:(Crownpoint, NM)
416:(Bellingham, WA)
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82:Latino/a studies
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1828:List of deities
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1645:Further reading
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1090:Cherokee Nation
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960:Taiaiake Alfred
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890:Find sources:
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860:This section
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361:United States
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299: –
298:
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293:Find sources:
287:
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272:
268:
263:This section
261:
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19:
2815:Area studies
2810:Anthropology
2724:Scandinavian
2683:
2654:Kremlinology
2574:Filipinology
2357:
2350:
2327:
2072:colonization
1876:The red road
1866:Medicine man
1861:Great Spirit
1678:
1669:
1656:
1626:
1601:
1595:
1574:. Retrieved
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1527:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:
1493:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1412:(1): 77–82.
1409:
1405:
1383:
1374:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1221:Craig Womack
1145:Acoma Pueblo
1131:Jean O'Brien
1100:Schaghticoke
1022:Brenda Child
1012:Dean Chavers
941:
932:
922:
915:
908:
901:
889:
873:Please help
861:
802:
795:
789:
783:
778:
774:Native South
773:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
735:
730:Publications
643:
642:
570:
569:
548:(Norman, OK)
470:(Tucson, AZ)
360:
344:
335:
325:
318:
311:
304:
292:
276:Please help
264:
230:
226:
210:
206:oral history
187:
178:K-12 schools
171:
159:assimilation
156:
145:, political
125:
101:anthropology
86:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:
2689:New Zealand
2529:Circumpolar
2474:Assyriology
2281:Ethnobotany
2138:El Salvador
2040:Visual arts
1909:Cosmovision
1895:Mesoamerica
1856:Fifth World
1822:Mythologies
1787:Archaeology
1765:Pre-history
1604:(1): 9–28.
1338:(2): 9–16.
1161:Greg Sarris
1106:Stacy Leeds
1002:Greg Cajete
797:Transmotion
482:(Davis, CA)
446:(Sylva, NC)
428:(Pablo, MT)
183:empowerment
2875:Categories
2664:Macedonian
2644:Kartvelian
2559:Eskimology
2549:Egyptology
2544:East Asian
2489:Belarusian
2479:Australian
2422:Albanology
2323:Philosophy
2128:Costa Rica
2102:by country
1933:Variations
1924:World tree
1881:Totem pole
1851:Arborglyph
1588:References
1151:Luana Ross
905:newspapers
832:, biannual
308:newspapers
213:endogenous
128:Crow Creek
113:literature
50:Aboriginal
2845:Philology
2835:Ethnology
2779:Ukrainian
2774:Turkology
2679:Mongolian
2609:Hispanism
2604:Hungarian
2564:Ethiopian
2534:Coptology
2464:Aromanian
2401:Regional
2318:Movements
2313:Languages
2261:Venezuela
2206:Argentina
2168:Nicaragua
2148:Guatemala
2143:Greenland
1835:Religions
1485:0161-7761
1426:0095-182X
935:July 2023
862:does not
338:July 2023
265:does not
105:sociology
2789:Yugoslav
2744:Sinology
2729:Scottish
2694:Oriental
2669:Mandaean
2634:Japanese
2614:Indology
2599:Hellenic
2589:Hawaiian
2569:European
2539:Croatian
2499:Canadian
2459:Armenian
2427:American
2352:Category
2308:Identity
2291:Iroquois
2286:Cherokee
2251:Suriname
2241:Paraguay
2226:Colombia
2153:Honduras
2133:Dominica
2070:European
2045:Painting
2007:Colombia
1919:Religion
1914:Creation
1792:Genetics
1243:See also
1227:descent)
1225:Muscogee
1082:descent)
1076:Powhatan
147:autonomy
133:scholar
91:of many
66:Americas
32:Indology
2803:Related
2739:Serbian
2734:Semitic
2719:Russian
2709:Romance
2699:Pacific
2629:Italian
2619:Iranian
2594:Hebraic
2554:English
2524:Chinese
2514:Chicano
2454:Aramaic
2417:African
2328:Studies
2256:Uruguay
2231:Ecuador
2211:Bolivia
2158:Jamaica
2057:Writers
2052:Artists
2012:Ecuador
1994:Culture
1975:Mapuche
1618:1409161
1434:1184943
1352:1409012
919:scholar
883:removed
868:sources
322:scholar
286:removed
271:sources
153:History
109:history
2794:Zhuang
2769:Taiwan
2764:Syriac
2754:Somali
2749:Slavic
2714:Romani
2704:Polish
2649:Korean
2639:Jewish
2579:German
2504:Celtic
2494:Bengal
2484:Balkan
2442:Latino
2359:Portal
2296:Navajo
2236:Guyana
2216:Brazil
2173:Panama
2163:Mexico
2123:Canada
2118:Belize
1980:Muisca
1902:Common
1689:
1633:
1616:
1576:7 June
1555:7 June
1534:7 June
1508:7 June
1483:
1432:
1424:
1350:
1215:Lumbee
1185:Mohawk
1175:Mohawk
1016:Lumbee
921:
914:
907:
900:
892:
644:Europe
571:Canada
324:
317:
310:
303:
295:
131:Lakota
119:, and
80:, and
54:Native
2784:Welsh
2624:Irish
2519:Czech
2469:Asian
2437:Black
2410:Local
2333:Trade
2221:Chile
2035:Music
2002:Andes
1950:Olmec
1940:Aztec
1614:JSTOR
1430:JSTOR
1348:JSTOR
1296:Notes
996:Karuk
992:Yurok
978:Sioux
926:JSTOR
912:books
329:JSTOR
315:books
56:, or
2449:Arab
2301:Zuni
2246:Peru
2197:list
2017:Peru
1970:Inca
1945:Maya
1687:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1578:2024
1557:2024
1536:2024
1510:2024
1481:ISSN
1422:ISSN
988:Hupa
898:news
866:any
864:cite
790:SAIL
301:news
269:any
267:cite
172:The
2027:Art
1606:doi
1473:doi
1414:doi
1340:doi
877:by
280:by
238:in
141:of
2877::
1824:‎
1685:.
1681:.
1668:.
1655:.
1612:.
1602:12
1600:.
1526:.
1501:.
1479:.
1469:44
1467:.
1463:.
1442:^
1428:.
1420:.
1410:20
1408:.
1404:.
1392:^
1360:^
1346:.
1334:.
1330:.
1303:^
115:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
84:.
76:,
52:,
48:,
44:,
2394:e
2387:t
2380:v
2199:)
2195:(
1750:e
1743:t
1736:v
1695:.
1659:.
1639:.
1620:.
1608::
1580:.
1559:.
1538:.
1512:.
1487:.
1475::
1436:.
1416::
1354:.
1342::
1336:2
1237:)
1233:(
1217:)
1213:(
1207:)
1203:(
1197:)
1193:(
1187:)
1183:(
1177:)
1173:(
1167:)
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