Battle of the Ancre - Knowledge (XXG)

2439:, through sleet and the right-hand battalion was soon stopped by machine-gun fire. The right flank of the centre right battalion was also stopped but further left the advance reached Munich and Frankfort trenches, where the British were cut off and captured. Troops on the left were stopped at a strongpoint in Munich Trench and held on in no-man's-land until dark. Further left the junction of Lager Alley was captured and down the hill, touch was gained with the 14th Brigade. The 14th Brigade was to capture Ten Tree Alley 500 yd (460 m) forward and form a defensive flank. One battalion began early, advanced down Lager Alley, with its left on Serre Trench and descended the valley towards the village which some troops reached, although most were captured or killed during the day. The next battalion on the left was quickly stopped by German machine-gun fire, after the British barrage fell 600 yd (550 m) too far forward and attempts to bomb forward failed, the battalions of 97th Brigade rallying in Wagon Road and New Munich Trench. German artillery fire was more effective, cutting communication apart from pigeons and runners. The only gain for the brigade was on the left flank near the 1277:

battlefield. On the II Corps front, artillery fire was to simulate an attack on the ground east of the old German second line (Grandcourt line) as would XIII Corps artillery on the German approaches to the northern flank. Slow progress on the south bank by II Corps, attempting to occupy Regina Trench, caused by a serious deterioration in the weather and determined defence by the Germans of the remainder of their positions on the ridge north of Courcelette and Thiepval, caused numerous postponements of the general attack on both sides of the Ancre. Haig's plans of late September were reduced to achieving as much as could be done in periods of better weather. Conditions on the battlefield by mid-October, were "so bad as to make mere existence a severe trial of body and spirit". On 12 November, Beaumont Hamel was subjected to a gas bombardment, similar to one on 28 October, when "sk" (lachrymatory) mortar bombs were fired into the village at midday, to wear out the German garrison's respirators and then in the evening Phosgene was fired by

2415:(270 m), into the south-west part of Grandcourt. The 56th Brigade advanced on the St Pierre Divion–Grandcourt road and along the railway to meet V Corps at Beaucourt. On the right, where the ground to the right of Hansa Road was firm, the attack reached the west end of Grandcourt and the attackers bombed their way to the 57th Brigade troops already there. The left battalions moved forward up the embankment (which was on the north bank of the Ancre where the advance began but was on the south bank between Beaucourt and Grandcourt) parallel to a platoon across the river at Beaucourt Mill and passed north around the west end of Grandcourt. The ground on the railway and the road at the edge of Grandcourt was consolidated by Royal Engineers. The left battalion of the division was to capture Baillescourt Farm on the north bank of the Ancre but one company was stopped by machine-gun fire from Grandcourt, as the other advanced along the railway embankment and sent out a patrol which met one from V Corps. 1297:, the main effort coming from V Corps with the 63rd, 51st, 2nd and 3rd divisions, against positions north of the Ancre, which had not been seriously attacked since 1 July. It was hoped that the intervening nineteen weeks of trench warfare, had substantially reduced German fighting power. Three objective lines were set, the first running from Beaucourt Station (opposite St Pierre Divion)–up Beaumont Hamel valley–eastern outskirts of Beaumont Hamel–Redan Ridge–west of Serre, requiring an advance of 800 yd (730 m) over three German trench lines and four trench lines in places. The second line was 600–1,000 yd (550–910 m) further forward, running west of Beaucourt–east slope of Redan Ridge–east of Serre–west to the boundary of V and XIII Corps, which would be advanced towards Star Wood. The final objective (third line) was set at Beaucourt–the Puisieux road valley–second line. II Corps with the 4th Canadian, 18th, 19th and 39th divisions was to advance from Stuff trench and 2740:

German divisions to the Romanian front, discourage criticism of France and Britain by pro-German opinion in Russia and would give him a success to take to the forthcoming Chantilly Conference, although he stressed that an attack should not be pursued at too great a risk. Prior and Wilson claimed that a small success on the Somme was unlikely to make much difference to Romania and Russia and was "sophistry". In 2009, Philpott called the "shock" that the Fifth Army gave to the Germans on the Ancre, an attack which demonstrated who had won the Battle of the Somme. Philpott described the grounds that historians have given for calling the battle unnecessary and politically motivated in a paragraph, then compared the battle with the attack of 1 July and quoted Ludendorff describing it as "a heavy blow".

178: 1391:, reported that he expected an attack between the Ancre and Gommecourt and that there were signs that British attacks further east were over for the year. On 21 October, Rupprecht favoured withdrawal from St Pierre Divion and Beaumont Hamel but the 1st Army commander took a tactical view, pointing out that withdrawal would forfeit observation from the high ground and that no positions behind the line were better placed. The 12th Division was brought in between the 38th Division at Beaucourt and the 52nd Division at Serre on 22 October. The French attack at Verdun on 24 October, dislocated reliefs on the Somme but British pressure forced the replacement of the seven divisions from Le Transloy to the Ancre from 24 October to 10 November, then the relief of one of the replacement divisions. 1209:

returned on 24 October. The main attack was postponed until 25 October and then cancelled; Gough was given discretion to continue with postponements by Haig. On 27 October, Gough set 1 November as the provisional date, postponed it again on 29 October to 5 November and on 3 November, Haig gave Gough the choice of cancelling the attack and resuming operations when the weather improved. On 5 November, Haig suggested a subsidiary attack, if the state of the ground justified the effort. Gough proposed an attack on 9 November but preferred to delay the main effort. Haig agreed that there should be no attack until the ground was dry enough for infantry to move freely and there was a forecast of two days of fair weather; another postponement followed.

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Beaumont Hamel behind them and a line of German troops were seen in the mist, guarded by British troops. The mist lifted a little and many lines and waves of British troops were seen on the right flank advancing unopposed. A defensive flank was formed and fire opened on the British, causing many casualties, before a machine-gun began firing at them from behind and to the left, forcing them under cover. A machine-gun began enfilade fire from the right, causing many casualties. An unarmed German officer appeared and announced that he was a prisoner and that the British were through the support and reserve positions and in Beaumont Hamel. The Germans discussed their prospects and surrendered when British troops began bombing along the trench.

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relieved on the left by the 51st Division. The 39th Division was transferred to the command of II Corps on 2 October and then took over the area south of the Ancre on 5 October, by extending its right boundary to relieve the 18th Division at Thiepval. By 7 October XIII Corps had the 51st and 19th Divisions in line and on 8 October, V Corps relieved the 2nd Division with the 3rd and 63rd divisions. Gough issued instructions for the attack on the north bank from 4 to 12 October and arranged for the 1st and 3rd Cavalry divisions to move close to the front line. The artillery of V Corps and XIII Corps steadily bombarded the German defences on the south bank where II Corps operations against

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were eventually recaptured. After a quiet night, the 23rd Division troops from Infantry Regiment 62 at Beaumont Hamel, stood to at dawn in the fog and were surprised by the arrival of the post, which reduced tension; sentries then reported many footfalls in no man's land. The northern flank was devastated by the mine explosion and the front line was simultaneously deluged by shrapnel and mortar fire. The German troops followed the drill for meeting an attack, each man throwing a grenade as they lined the parapet and machine-gunners fired into no-man's-land. The British arrived at intervals in scattered groups, many smoking cigarettes and with their rifles slung.

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by bombing forward and building a strong point in the Quadrilateral, near the top of Redan Ridge, as two tanks in support bogged down early. After dark, the 37th Division in the V Corps area, pushed up Ancre Trench and set up posts in Bois d'Hollande and at Railway and Muck trenches. The 32nd Division, from II Corps reserve, took over from the 2nd Division on the northern defensive flank, where there was considerable confusion over the location of the front line. During the night the right linked up with the 51st Division at New Munich Trench and Leave Avenue. During 17 November, the 32nd Division extended to the right to relieve the 51st Division.

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severely depleted and confusion reigned when some German troops wanted to surrender and others refused. On the left flank, Lager Alley was crossed unrecognised, because of the bombardment and the troops extended the British hold on Serre Trench. Troops withdrew from Munich Trench later in the morning to Wagon Road where they were joined by part of a reserve battalion. On the left flank of the attack, a battalion took over the defensive flank south of the Quadrilateral–Lager Alley, which was linked to the British trench by Cat Street tunnel. Believing that Munich Trench had been captured, two battalions were ordered to attack Frankfort Trench at

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machine-gunners moved into the gap and annihilated two companies and seven runners sent towards the missing battalions were killed. The battalions had been badly hit by German shellfire and the Germans held on to Point 66 on the Courcelette–Grandcourt road, before bombing attacks westwards along Desire Trench until night fell, which allowed the left flanking battalion to reach part of its objective. Posts west of Point 66 were withdrawn and Point 66 was connected to Regina Trench. Next morning more patrols moved west along the trench and by last light it was found that the Germans had withdrawn from the trench as far as Stump Road.

1236:, the French Sixth Army began to consolidate for the winter. After another discussion on 8 November, at the Fifth Army headquarters by Lieutenant-General Launcelot Kiggell, Haig's Chief of the General Staff and Gough, a meeting between Gough and the corps commanders, decided that the attack should begin on 13 November, if the weather stayed dry. Opinion among divisional and brigade commanders varied on the possibility of an attack and that it should go ahead or be cancelled rather than be postponed again; patrols were sent out frequently to report on the state of the ground. On 10 November, Gough set the attack for 2760: 2493: 2419: 2363: 2432:, established posts from Bois d'Hollonde west to the Puisieux road and south to Ancre Trench. At dawn both brigades held Muck Trench and were ready to advance, once the 32nd Division on the left captured Frankfort Trench. At zero hour, patrols found German troops in Railway Trench; further to the left British troops bombed their way to the junction of Leave Avenue and Frankfort Trench, where the meeting with the 32nd Division was expected. Puisieux Trench was entered with difficulty and captured down to the Ancre and a patrol met the 19th Division troops on the railway. 193: 76: 2373:

Frankfort Trenches were still held by the Germans and that casualties had been more severe than hoped. Attacks against Serre were abandoned and the main effort was made on 18 November by II Corps pushing down towards the south bank of the Ancre. V Corps, on the north bank, was to provide flank support by capturing Frankfort Trench, advancing along Ancre Trench and taking Bois d'Hollande. The attack was delayed until 18 November, to be certain that preparations were complete.

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During the writing of the Official History volume in 1938, Kiggell recounted that he had suggested the attack and had remarked that a "cheap" success would counter rumoured hostility from Lloyd George, just before the conference due on 15 November, as "an afterthought". Kiggell asked that Haig's later mentioning of his remark to Gough be omitted, to deny an opportunity for Haig's critics to criticise his motives.

1132:(15–22 September) the Anglo-French armies tried to press their advantage with smaller attacks in quick succession, rather than pausing to regroup and give the Germans time to recover. Subsequent writers gave discrete dates for the Anglo-French battles but there were considerable overlaps and continuities of operations until the weather and supply difficulties in mid-November ended the battle until the new-year. 2718:(drumfire); the German defensive barrage failed to have much effect, due to visibility being nil in the fog, leaving the infantry unsupported. The 12th Division was blamed for lacking solidity and discipline and the divisional headquarters was severely criticised for inertia, which had only been remedied when the 1st Army headquarters took over. Edmund Blunden called the battle "a feat of arms vieing [ 1232:. Haig explained that the Fourth Army would be attacking at other points on 5 November and Cavan agreed to make certain that the French left flank was protected. On 6 November, Rawlinson announced that the Fifth Army operation due in the Ancre valley had been reduced and that the Fourth Army would conduct "modified operations", intended to stop the Germans moving troops from France. Apart from attacks near 1582:

from the 6th Brigade area, where the advance had been held up by fog and mud, then fire from "The Quadrilateral" in the middle of the 6th Brigade area, where some troops on the right managed to reach the first objective. The junction of Beaumont Trench and Lager Alley was blocked; some troops veered north-east after finding stray troops from the 3rd Division and assuming that they had lost direction. By

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prisoners praising their treatment, although mud, icy winds, sleet and driving rain may have had more effect. Illness and exposure became common among German troops and at the end of 1916 was almost universal, leading to numerous reports warning that the German troops in the area, were unlikely to be able to resist further attacks. British attacks resumed in the

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Division. A battalion from the 58th Brigade made no progress against Stump Road; the 56th Brigade attacked on the right by assembling in no man's land before Stuff Trench, with a machine-gun company attached and followed up by Engineer and Pioneer parties, ready to help consolidate captured ground. The mist helped conceal the British troops, who by

2317:(300 m), hitting coaches, wagons in sidings and two station buildings. Other squadrons raided supply dumps at Courselles and Logeast Wood. Air fighting on 16 November began when six British aircraft intercepted three German two-seaters, which had been sent to attack British artillery observation aircraft and shot them down. A new 2751:

that in October the battle "still had potential". Philpott described a conference at Boulogne, where Lloyd George failed to challenge the strategic consensus, was "maybe too pusillanimous" and should have resigned if he really opposed the battle. Philpott made the fate of Rumania the main concern of French and British politicians.

2692: 2326:. On 17 November fewer combats with German aircraft occurred, three aircraft being lost and three German aircraft being shot down. On 18 November, the final day of the ground operation, a thaw set in and rain and snow reduced visibility, making it impossible for British troops to be seen, even at low level. 2750:

and Arthur Waterhouse, who took part, had written on the success of the battle and that the British had matched the Germans, who had defeated them at Beaumont Hamel on 1 July. Philpott contradicted Prior and Wilson and their claim that the War Committee had ignored Haig's "flights of fancy" and wrote

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to Lesbœufs, captured the north corner and western fringe of St Pierre Vaast Wood but were repulsed along the rest of the attack front; French counter-attacks made progress on the northern spur of St Pierre Vaast Wood. On the morning of 16 November, the Germans entered Saillisel and Presssoir further

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On 15 November, Gough was visited again by Kiggell to discuss the end of the offensive. After consultations with his subordinates, Gough asked for permission to continue for two more days, weather permitting, which was given that evening. By the morning of 16 November, Gough had heard that Munich and

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the 5th Brigade was ready to advance on the second objective and reached Frankfort Trench so depleted, that the troops fell back to Munich trench, Wagon Road then Crater Lane in the German front line. The reserve brigade moved forward at the same time and two battalions were sent to reinforce the 5th

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Both brigades of the 51st Division attacked the first objective (green line) at Station Road and Beaumont Hamel and then the final objective (yellow line) at Frankfort Trench with three battalions, while the fourth provided carrying parties. Six minutes before zero, the leading battalion of the right

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armies were to attack on 23 October and the reduced Reserve Army attack on both sides of the Ancre was to begin on 25 October. Gough issued a new operation order on 15 October and began another reorganisation on the north side of the Ancre. The II Corps operation on 21 October succeeded but the rains

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On 19 November troops of the 19th Division defeated a German counter-attack at the west end of Grandcourt. Another defensive position was dug from the Ancre to Battery Alley 500 yd (460 m) away from the Grandcourt line, from which the British retired, as they were overlooked from the south

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early on 14 November. On the south bank, the 38th Division was being relieved by part of the 223rd Division, which having been formed a month earlier from youths and returning wounded, was of limited efficiency. The British barrage here was accurate and St Pierre Divion was captured with the loss of

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and were caught in their barrage, some troops reaching Frankfort Trench then returning to New Munich Trench. A 2nd Division attack with two battalions of the 37th Division lost direction in the mist and fell back to Wagon Road with many casualties, while a third battalion strengthened the left flank

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and digging in around the eastern outskirts. Beaucourt Trench was captured on the left and troops began to bomb down it towards Leave Avenue but no troops of the 51st Division were found. Two tanks were sent forward to help mop up German troops holding out in the front line, one bogged but the other

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another battalion reinforced the attack. Troops skirted the ravine to the north and early in the afternoon a battalion from the reserve brigade attacked Beaumont Hamel from the south, joined by troops in the vicinity. The left brigade was held up in places by uncut wire, south of Hawthorn Crater and

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The German (1st and 2nd), French (Sixth and Tenth) and British (Fourth and Reserve/Fifth) armies, settled down to endure winter on the Somme. The British kept pressure on the German defenders with artillery fire, air attacks during bright spells and propaganda leaflets, purporting to be from German

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In 2005, Prior and Wilson claimed that Gough had been put in an invidious position and that having the meeting recorded by his Chief of Staff Neil Malcolm, was "unprecedented". Haig had arrived later and described to Gough some of his strategic thinking, that an attack would prevent the transfer of

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many British soldiers being captured as they tried to withdraw and their prisoners liberated. In the Ancre valley the 58th Division on the south bank, was being relieved by the 56th Division when the British attack began. The German positions began 980 ft (300 m) north of Regina Trench at

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the British were consolidating the village. Part of the 26th Reserve Division was hurried south from near Cambrai by lorry and forced march, then sent to join the remnants of the 12th Division around Beaumont Hamel. Ground to a depth of 6,600 ft (2,000 m) had been lost in the Ancre valley

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Signal rockets were fired for the artillery but in the fog went unseen and the rest were thrown into no-man's-land to illuminate the British as they drew close, many of them falling into German trenches as they were shot. After about two hours, the British attack abated, when cheers were heard from

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began the defence of the village, which lasted for several days. Troops of the division had detected British digging in no-man's-land despite the fog and a patrol reported the British approach. Confusion caused by the mist allowed the British to get into the first two trenches north of Serre, which

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Air observation for the infantry attack which began on 13 November was not possible, because of dense white fog during the day. On the morning of 14 November the mist cleared and 4 and 15 Squadrons flew contact patrols, which revealed the capture of Beaucourt and ground to the north-west. Artillery

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The 2nd Division advanced along Redan Ridge. The 5th Brigade on the right formed up in no man's land, hugged the barrage and got into the German front line easily. Two battalions reached Beaumont Trench on schedule and the other two formed a defensive flank facing north and repelled bombing attacks

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would go some way to redeem the failure of 1 July and obtain ground on which the British would have a tactical advantage. The attack was the largest in the British sector since September and had a seven-day preliminary bombardment, which was twice as heavy as that of 1 July. The capture of Beaumont

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20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m) wide, 3–4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) deep and flowing through marshes 200–300 yd (180–270 m) wide. North of the Somme are successive spurs of chalk downs which rise to the north, with villages and substantial woods in the dips and crests. Folds run parallel

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and Ablaincourt were captured by the Tenth Army. Numerous German counter-attacks, including a big attack, after a two-day bombardment, at Bois Kratz and Pressoir on 15 November were defeated, after the Germans had gained a foothold at the east end of Pressoir and then been pushed out. North of the

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Redoubt to the south and early on had success in confused fighting, when the headquarters of III Battalion, Infantry Regiment 77 in Serre was captured. In a costly defensive success, which owed much to the great assistance from German artillery, the British attack was defeated by the evening, with

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was captured and four more German aircraft were shot down by offensive patrols, which lost two aircraft. During the night bombing and machine-gun attacks resumed on German railheads, supply dumps and an airfield near Flesquières, while German night bombers raided a French airfield at Cachy and hit

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them. Two battalions of infantry were caught on the road near Achiet le Petit and heavily bombarded. During the night ten aircraft from 18 Squadron made low attacks on railway stations, trains and road transport with bombs and machine-guns. A German aircraft followed two of the British aircraft to

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advanced to the edge of Beaucourt, before withdrawing slightly and digging-in under artillery fire, before gaining touch with troops from the 39th Division from across the river. The German strong point on Beaumont Hamel spur was attacked many times but little ground was gained. As night fell, the

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Constant shelling and wet weather exhausted the German troops and cut off the flow of supplies until 11 November, when the British shellfire eased. On 6 November, Below and Lossberg the 1st Army Chief of Staff, concluded that the Ancre–Serre salient was too dangerous to hold, due to artillery fire

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Division to be strengthened to make a possible British attack from Miraumont to Pys a slow and costly advance. Below also ordered an unyielding defence of the German positions north of the Ancre, even in positions enfiladed from the south. After the German recapture of La Maisonette on 29 October,

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on the first objective and the 19th Division would then attack Grandcourt and Baillescourt Farm. The 4th Canadian and 18th divisions would then advance and take Grandcourt Trench to link with the 19th Division at the east end of Grandcourt. II Corps was then to cross the Ancre to take Baillescourt

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No man's land 50 yd (46 m) back from the front trench was to be bombarded by 25 percent of the 18-pounders, to cover the infantry as it advanced from the British line. After six minutes the bombardment would creep forward at 100 yd (91 m) in five minutes, pausing on the reserve

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The V Corps bombardment was intended to create tactical surprise, by the heavy artillery firing on the German front line thirty minutes before dawn each morning, for an hour of intense fire joined by the field artillery. It was hoped that the German garrisons would become accustomed to the routine

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guns, fifty-six 6-inch howitzers and sixteen 8-inch, twenty-eight 9.2-inch, one 12-inch and two 15-inch howitzers. II Corps: thirty 13-pounder guns, four hundred and five 18-pounder guns and nine heavy and siege artillery groups with a hundred 4.5-inch howitzers and four 4.7-inch guns, sixty-six

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A dispute exists among historians as to the motives for the attack. Gough was visited by Kiggell on 12 November and told that a tactical success would be helpful at the forthcoming conference at Chantilly, although he emphasised that Gough was not to begin a battle under unfavourable conditions.

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Attempts to reinforce the troops on both banks of the Ancre began immediately. Infantry Regiment 144 (IR144) of the 223rd Division was rushed to Beaucourt and Ancre Trench behind the village. A battalion moved up on the south bank of the river then crossed an improvised bridge to occupy Puisieux

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and began digging in behind Desire Support Trench, before losses from flanking fire forced them to retreat to Regina Trench. The 11th Brigade attacked in "blinding sleet"; the 75th Battalion lost direction and veered west, crossing the Courcelette–Pys road but the brigade reached the rest of its

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at Beaumont Hamel found that the weeks of bombardment, lately from the flank and rear, had destroyed the German trenches and wire, although in the front line, most dugouts, 20–26 ft (6–8 m) deep, survived. Each morning the British simulated an attack, which sapped the alertness of the

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was to attack Desire and Desire Support trenches south of Grandcourt, roughly parallel to the Ancre. On the extreme right of the attack, east of the road towards Pys the 10th Brigade attacked to form the eastern flank of the attack and was obstructed by a new German trench; on the far right the

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batteries firing in the area being silenced. Contact patrols found the location of British troops easily, although one aircraft was shot down and two observers returned wounded. The railway junction at Hirson 90 mi (140 km) away, was bombed by 27 Squadron, attacking from 1,000 ft

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Before the Somme offensive, the ground was divided into zones to enable the rapid engagement of sudden targets. Zones were based on the lettered squares of the army 1:40,000 map; each map square was divided into four sections 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) square. The observer used a

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by advancing an hour before zero but had many casualties from an inaccurate British barrage. Many troops got lost in the mist and some strayed into Leave Avenue in the 51st Division area, thinking that it was Munich Trench, where they were pinned down. Troops which did reach Munich Trench were

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and a full moon illuminated the landscape. Towards dawn on 13 November, a mist developed which reduced visibility to nil. The mist helped the British advance by reducing visibility but caused many units to lose the barrage as they struggled through mud. II Corps attacked on the right with 19th

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was moved in on the left of the 39th Division to hold the ground from Redan Ridge to the army boundary. On 4 October the XIII Corps headquarters was brought out of reserve, to control 1,500 yd (1,400 m) of the front line up to the junction with the Third Army and the 2nd Division was

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Air reconnaissance reports late in the afternoon of 17 November, indicated that the Germans had abandoned Puisieux Trench and the Grandcourt line south of the river. Gough ordered both corps commanders to send patrols and occupy the trenches if possible. New orders were issued, extending the

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The British front line north of the Ancre had been moved forward across no-man's-land, until the average width was less than 250 yd (230 m). It was intended to isolate the battlefield with artillery and bombard Pys, Irles, Miraumont and Puisieux and the main trenches leading to the

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Desire Trench on the right flank next to the Canadians was captured and a gap between the two right-hand battalions was closed by converging grenade attacks. The two battalions on the left flank disappeared into a gap where the 19th Division had lost direction and veered to the left. German

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brigades advanced with all four battalions forward and with two in support from the reserve brigade. On the right, the advance met much German machine-gun fire from the start but captured the German front trenches, then advanced on time to capture Beaucourt Station and Station Road, taking

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troops managing to escape much later on. Further west, the British lost direction in the snow, then found it again but were stopped by uncut wire on the right, with many casualties. On the left, troops got into the Grandcourt line and pushed across Battery Valley on a front of 300 yd

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massed machine-gun fire north of the Auchonvillers–Beaumont Hamel road. Two tanks were sent up, one bogging between the German front and support lines and the other north of the village. Consolidation began and three battalions were withdrawn to the German reserve line and reinforced at

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troops went to ground 300 yd (270 m) behind the German front line and were not noticed until 23 November, capturing German soldiers who strayed too close. Two German attacks on 24 November failed and the British survivors surrendered to stormtroops who attacked on 25

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the remainder of the 6th Brigade was ordered back to the British front line to reorganise and two attacks by the reserve brigade were ordered then cancelled. Overnight the ground was consolidated and two 37th Division battalions were sent up from corps reserve next morning.

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To be ready for the big attack intended for 12 October, Gough began to concentrate more troops in the area north of the Ancre. In early October the north bank was held by the 39th Division of V Corps up to the boundary with the Third Army at Hébuterne. On 1 October, the

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In II Corps, the 19th Division raided Stump Road and Lucky Way and began the relief of the 39th Division by extending its front to the Ancre, which was completed in the early hours of 15 November. In V Corps the 63rd Division continued an attack on Beaucourt Trench at

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The 39th Division attacked to the west of the 19th Division, with the 118th Brigade on its right flank. The brigade formed up on tapes laid without the German sentries noticing and one battalion advanced north about 1,100 yd (1,000 m) to the Hansa line by

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to reach the first objective and then move on after a pause of an hour. After five minutes of silence a lifting bombardment, beginning with intense fire, would signal the infantry to begin their advance. The attack by the 63rd Division on Beaucourt was to begin

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The British attack was to fulfil complementary objectives. Political discontent in London would be muted by a big victory, as would doubts of British commitment by its allies and British loyalty to the Chantilly strategy of 1915 would be upheld. The capture of

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but British attacks were costly failures. South and east of Grandcourt, British attacks from Stump Road during the morning were repulsed. The German command believed that the British offensive had ended on 14 November and the German 2nd Army commander General

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forcing the infantry out into shell-holes. A company tried to bomb down Leave Avenue with no effect and during the night the digging of New Munich Trench began, in ignorance of the German evacuation of Munich Trench. The 2nd Division attacked Munich Trench at

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Battalion 120th Reserve Regiment was destroyed by an attack from behind. The 144th and 29th Regiments defended Grandcourt, where the 29th Regiment was defeated and the survivors pushed into the area of the 144th Regiment further east. South of Grandcourt, at

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was to fight for every piece of ground and where there were enough men, ground was to be recaptured and fortified. Work was ordered to build new defensive strongpoints to shelter troops in reserve and then connect them into lines, the rear of the 5th

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brigade was hampered by a British smoke barrage. Fire from numerous machine-guns, forced survivors from the 46th Battalion to retire. The 50th Battalion companies found little German resistance, lost touch with the 11th Brigade to the left, took

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Further south, Infantry Regiment 55 (IR55) of the 38th Division was forced to withdraw to avoid being surrounded after the breakthrough at Beaumont Hamel, allowing the British to advance around St Pierre Divion and Beaucourt; the British taking

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call-sign of the map square letter then the zone letter to signal to the artillery, which was fired on by all guns and howitzers up to 6 in (150 mm) able to bear on the target, using corrections of aim from the air observer as normal.

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and the German first line was easily occupied. The advance to the support trench was contested all morning, with German bombers counter-attacking towards Star Wood. Carrying parties were held up in no man's land by German artillery fire and at

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division had linked with the 51st Division on the left, in the German support trench. Reinforcements from the reserve brigade and an extra battalion reached Beaucourt and extended the position to the left as far as Beaucourt Alley by

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counter-attacks against the French at Sailly-Saillisel and elsewhere were cancelled, yet there were no reinforcements for the 12th Division in the Ancre sector. A "fresh" regiment of the 12th Division took over at Beaumont Hamel from

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The British attack got forward 600 yd (550 m) beyond Beaucourt, despite many casualties caused by massed German machine-gun fire and local counter-attacks. On the south bank the front of the 106th Regiment was broken and

2409:

The 19th Division attacked with two brigades. On the right the 57th Brigade advance reached German positions west of Stump road on the boundary of the 18th Division and pressed on before being cut off and taken prisoner;

1520:

reached the first objective. On the extreme left, only isolated groups managed to advance, where they met troops from the 51st Division. The left brigade began bombing attacks and the reserve brigade was sent forward. By

1457:

The seven-day bombardment cut the wire on most of the attack front and destroyed many German defensive positions, except the dugouts built deep below the villages near the front-line. The rain stopped on the night of

1273:(Regina Trench to the Canadians at the east end and Stuff Trench to the British at the western end, north of Thiepval) and conducted a simulated offensive with artillery bombardments, wire-cutting and smoke screens. 2631:

the 173rd regiment had been overrun by the time they emerged from their dugouts. The 8th North Staffordshire pressed on and was cut off and eventually surrendered. German troops who had not been pushed back into

4254:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (repr. Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: 2344:

In V Corps, the 37th Division relieved the 63rd Division and linked with the 51st Division to the north. Bombing attacks began up Beaucourt Trench towards Munich Trench, which reached the 51st Division around

4109:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. 610: 1487:

The battalion cleared dugouts in the side of the river bank and along the top, then met some of the troops of 118th Brigade who were lost and combined to attack St Pierre Divion, which was captured around

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was to attack with the 92nd Brigade on a 500 yd (460 m) front to form a defensive flank. Two battalions advanced at midnight with snipers and Lewis gunners in support. The main attack began at

6209: 1525:

troops were digging in along the German reserve line in the south, while three battalions were held up along the German front line, although some of their troops appeared on the Beaumont Hamel spur. At

1336:

after zero, preceded by a bombardment from all available artillery. A few tanks were available and the bombardment was twice the weight of that before 1 July. A machine-gun barrage (first tried at the

2853:

end of the Grandcourt line, where it was still held by the Germans. Puisieux trench was abandoned, when the 19th Division was withdrawn from Grandcourt that night. The Battle of the Somme lasted from

6393: 6846: 6821: 2253:

when the 37th Division brigade, attached to the 63rd Division advanced but the orders were late and only strong patrols could be organised in time, which were forced back by the Germans. At

2861:

in St Pierre Vaast Wood. On 22 November, part of the 96th Brigade tried to rescue infantry of the 16th Battalion, Highland Light Infantry, who were trapped in Frankfort Trench south of the

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troops spotted in a ravine north of Beaucourt were heavily bombarded by British heavy artillery after a "zone call". Another observer directing fire from a siege battery saw approximately

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their base and bombed the aerodrome, leaving craters in the landing-ground. A dummy landing-ground was illuminated as a ruse and was machine-gunned by a German aircraft later that night.

2210:

a German attack from Star Wood in the open was "destroyed" by British machine-gun fire from the flank. Due to the failure of the 3rd Division attack, the brigade was ordered to retire at

5092: 2185:. Waist-deep mud caused a fiasco; some troops from the 8th Brigade reached the German support line, then fell back and some lost direction. The 76th Brigade had the same trouble and at 6370: 6398: 4905: 6313: 6586: 6005: 4963: 603: 6693: 2181:

attacked Serre with two brigades, the 8th Brigade on the right using all four battalions and the 76th Brigade on the left attacking with two battalions and two in support, with

2519:(Old Württemberg Redoubt) from which, with part of the 223rd Division, they devastated two British battalions advancing closer to the river; its reserve regiment was rushed to 6836: 6601: 6356: 2394:

objectives, taking most of Desire Support Trench. Patrols went forward to Grandcourt Trench, found a few Germans, then took prisoner a German detachment near Coulee Trench,

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Three tanks were to advance from Thiepval to assist but one was bogged on the drive to the village, the second broke down and the third reached the German front line at

2538:

and German troops fought hard to contain the British advance around Beaucourt and Grandcourt. On the morning of 14 November, British artillery cut the link between the

2435:

The 32nd Division was to attack Munich and Frankfort trenches, between Leave Avenue and Lager Alley. On the right the 97th Brigade advanced with all four battalions at

1357:

the II Corps commander protested against the plan and was over-ruled, despite patrols from the 19th Division finding Germans repairing the wire of the Grandcourt line.

840: 596: 299: 2872: 2225:

advancing from Station Road and losing direction in the mist. Some troops got to within 200 yd (180 m) of Beaucourt Trench and waited for the attack due at

1228:

Rawlinson informed Haig that he was going to limit the next attack, which led to a conference at Fourth Army headquarters on 4 November, attended by Haig and General

902: 577: 45: 1240:

on 13 November. After studying the Fifth Army plans, Haig allowed the attack to go ahead and Gough later arranged with the corps commanders, that operations towards

6281: 5639: 4476: 1483:

the 117th Brigade attacked from Mill Road up the Ancre valley next to the river, with one battalion and achieved surprise, despite a special barrage from twelve

5910: 5132: 1159:] with any recorded. The enemy was surprised and beaten". Four German divisions had to be relieved due to the number of casualties they suffered and over 6826: 6341: 6271: 5122: 5033: 2857:

on the British reckoning. In the southern sector, the Fourth Army ended operations on 16 November and on the French sector, the final action took place on

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French night bombers dropped 1.5 long tons (1.5 t) of bombs on a railway station and aviation park. Preparations began for an advance to a line from

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Farm. V Corps was to synchronise its advance to Pusieux Trench and River Trench up to Artillery Alley on the north bank of the Ancre. Lieutenant-General

5263: 1185: 823: 2900:

60-pounder guns, four 6-inch guns, seventy-eight 6-inch howitzers, twenty-eight 8-inch, thirty-six 9.2-inch, three 12-inch and two 15-inch howitzers.

4915: 2891:

V Corps: three hundred and sixty-four 18-pounder guns, a hundred and eight 4.5-inch howitzers and eight Heavy and Siege Artillery Groups with eight

1542: 5940: 5649: 5551: 6523: 6361: 6348: 6305: 6214: 5742: 5309: 4956: 6705: 6715: 6573: 2481: 2308:

aircraft led to "devastating" fire on trenches full of German infantry. An artillery battery was destroyed, seven gun-pits were demolished and

2178: 1263: 3007:

After the battle of Boom Ravine on 17 February 1917, the ground was searched and fifty British dead were found, preserved by the cold weather.

1496:

then fell into a dug-out, where it was attacked by the Germans. A messenger pigeon was sent by the tank crew for help but infantry arrived at

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prisoners, including all of I Battalion, 23rd Regiment and its headquarters. On the north bank, the survivors of IR55 made a stand in the

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had reached their objective, partly along Lucky Way, a sunken road leading into Grandcourt. No German counter-attacks were encountered.

1447: 1213: 545: 481: 111: 6632: 5922: 5324: 1380: 1293:

river, which flowed between Thiepval and Beaumont Hamel. Gough intended to reduce the head of the German salient between Thiepval and

688: 6017: 5070: 6507: 6201: 5289: 4760: 641: 224: 2246:

German troops were seen massing near Baillescourt Farm and dispersed by artillery; the captured ground was consolidated overnight.

2428:

V Corps attacked with two divisions north of the Ancre river. The 37th Division moved on its right through Beaucourt and at about

1565:

with a stray party from the 63rd Division. The battalion pushed on then withdrew slightly to Station Road. On the left, fire from

5687: 4725: 2533:

Trench but no counter-attack could be organised amid the chaos. Some German troops in Beaucourt were attacked from behind and by

1057: 361: 5423: 1129: 759: 427: 6758: 6563: 6543: 6330: 6266: 6089: 5958: 4862: 4782: 4720: 2964: 471: 285: 6232: 5599: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6538: 4877: 4852: 4750: 2197: 2732:, the official historian, amended Miles' text to make Kiggell the origin of the political calculation, give due emphasis to 2349:

Patrols to Muck and Railway trenches found them empty (except for mud). Companies of the 51st and 2nd divisions attacked at

2304:

and frost which improved the going for the infantry. Artillery co-operation worked well on 16 November when area calls from

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lay on the south bank of the Ancre in the valley between Thiepval and Beaumont Hamel and was still held by the German army.

2759: 2492: 2418: 2362: 1200:

attack of 18 October, caused another revision of the plan. The Reserve Army was to capture the rest of Thiepval Ridge with

6856: 6591: 6533: 6528: 6492: 6426: 6318: 6164: 5747: 5137: 5065: 4996: 4765: 4735: 4730: 4564:. Foreign Military Studies. Translated by Zabecki, D. T.; Biedekarken, D. J. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 2662:

south, by the evening they had been forced out; three German divisions had suffered many casualties. French airmen fought

1193: 1121: 781: 705: 5757: 2401:

West of the Canadians the 18th Division attacked with the 55th Brigade, which assembled in no man's land on the snow. By

1578:, while one battalion formed a defensive flank to the south, as the positions reached by the 63rd Division were unknown. 1315:

Redoubt–St Pierre Divion, as far back as Beaucourt, securing the road bridges by Beaucourt station and Beaucourt mill by

6831: 6482: 6109: 6049: 5946: 5851: 5614: 5400: 5104: 4943: 4842: 1375:

Agents had warned the German command by 12 October, that an offensive was looming on the Ancre and in diary entries for

1197: 880: 710: 540: 5717: 1032: 6720: 6157: 6142: 6000: 5952: 5268: 5142: 5055: 4819: 4807: 4802: 4596:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery. 1504: 1475:

while three battalions attacked north-west to Mill Trench and then reached the station crossing and Beaucourt Mill by

1189: 1181: 1102: 1080: 1052: 865: 620: 493: 488: 211: 31: 5934: 5329: 722: 1196:

attack was reduced from a converging attack towards the Ancre river, to an attack up the valley. The failure of the

6700: 6657: 5692: 5677: 5579: 5448: 5016: 4928: 4885: 4372: 1217: 1125: 1027: 1017: 995: 929: 845: 835: 808: 636: 38: 6642: 5982: 5589: 5443: 2480:

began on the German front line and a mine went off in the 1 July mine crater on Hawthorn Ridge. Around Serre, the

1516:

The two battalions on the left were severely depleted by machine-gun fire, as was the left brigade although about

6410: 5994: 5737: 5722: 5334: 5028: 5006: 4755: 4745: 4678: 1553:

brigade moved beyond the British wire and advanced when the new 30,000 lb (13 long tons; 14 t) mine at

1442: 1201: 1075: 1047: 1002: 985: 941: 855: 776: 732: 727: 515: 378: 6023: 5964: 5904: 6851: 6617: 6104: 6094: 5976: 5712: 5707: 5629: 5038: 5011: 4715: 4107:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras

2733: 1388: 1337: 1113: 1042: 980: 956: 860: 786: 503: 498: 461: 368: 5433: 2947:

The 38th, 222nd, Bavarian Ersatz, 4th Guard, 58th, 1st Guard Reserve, 23rd Reserve and 24th Reserve divisions.

2931: 1146: 4355:

Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

6816: 6688: 6680: 6622: 6382: 6077: 5840: 5752: 5667: 5662: 5634: 5594: 5453: 5438: 5413: 5294: 5171: 2957: 2444: 2284:

batteries, many of which were silenced by counter-battery fire. German infantry were harassed from the air;

2229:

The 190th Brigade advanced on time, linked with the troops near the objective and entered Beaucourt, taking

1007: 968: 946: 796: 737: 663: 400: 356: 351: 326: 215: 1348:

objectives for the attack planned for 18 November. The new plan for 18 November allowed II Corps a halt of

6455: 6179: 6114: 5970: 5697: 5624: 5574: 5559: 5541: 5514: 5428: 5395: 5060: 5021: 5001: 4812: 4705: 1554: 1438: 1124:

had been renamed the Fifth Army on 30 October. The battle was the last of the big British attacks of the

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Two battalions reached the first objective by midnight and a battalion took over the British front line.

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and were surprised by German machine-gun fire from Munich Trench; the survivors withdrew to Wagon Road.

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would begin if the attack on 13 November went well but avoided detail, due to the uncertain weather.

924: 417: 393: 336: 6777: 6730: 5916: 5780: 5732: 5609: 5569: 5564: 5509: 5192: 5186: 5087: 4653: 4252:

Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

2658: 1365: 1344:

September) was to be laid on the German machine-guns dug in along the ridge behind Beaumont Hamel.

1205: 934: 890: 885: 700: 678: 388: 383: 346: 309: 63: 6737: 6652: 6011: 5875: 5857: 5822: 5786: 5619: 5584: 5536: 5521: 5408: 5359: 5198: 5157: 4837: 4584: 4457: 2671: 1106: 907: 747: 668: 476: 444: 646: 4658: 2652:

French operations south of the Somme were delayed by bad weather until 7 November. Bois Kratz,

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The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

4189: 4170: 4167:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

4151: 4132: 4110: 4091: 4083: 4071: 4047: 2612:, which the Germans were able partly to wire before 18 November. The last line of defence was 973: 914: 717: 572: 341: 4605: 5828: 5798: 5792: 5702: 5531: 5499: 5489: 5228: 5152: 5147: 5075: 4895: 4795: 2960: 2552: 2367:

Field kitchen of the 2nd Battalion, Manchester Regiment near St Pierre Divion, November 1916

2292:

infantry sheltering in trenches, brought immediate artillery fire on them and then the crew

1289:

Gough planned to attack on 13 November, with five divisions from II and V Corps astride the

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Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I

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behind the original German front line, forming a ridge which culminates at the village of

2497:

A Padre helping a wounded German prisoner along (13 November 1916, near Aveluy Wood) Q4505

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considerations and deference to the tactical judgement of Gough by Haig and Kiggell

2443:

where a slight advance was made and consolidated. Ninety men of the 16th Battalion,

2423:

Water refilling point on the Ancre at the causeway of Mill Road, November 1916 Q4578

6031: 5458: 4540: 4131:. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. 2582:(Desire Support Trench), the main line of defence 490 ft (150 m) back in 1109: 4315:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

2922:. Thiepval had been captured by 28 September, from which observers could see from 2384:

began in sleet, which later turned to rain, visibility being nil. In II Corps the

2988:

in the 22nd Royal Fusiliers, was killed by a German sniper during this operation.

2189:

an attempt was made to collect exhausted men scattered around in shell-holes. At

6242: 6147: 5845: 5273: 4694: 2914: 1354: 1221: 2451:) were cut off in Frankfort Trench, where they held out until 21 November when 1617: 555: 4601: 4495: 4148:

Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories 1915–1948

4075: 4051: 126: 113: 6037: 5804: 4552: 2910: 17: 4442: 4333: 1327:

line of the German front trench system before moving on. The infantry had

6297: 4547:(repr. Cedric Chivers, London ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. 3030:

Military units after the first one mentioned are French unless specified.

2923: 2919: 2777:, more than 50 percent being "missing". Losses in the 37th Division from 1419:

from the flank and rear and Below contemplated a withdrawal to Lesbœufs.

2606:(Boom Ravine). About 330 ft (100 m) behind these defences lay 2257:

Munich Trench was occupied but British artillery began to bombard it at

2675: 2334:

On 15 November, the 39th Division of II Corps completed the capture of

2472:

was quiet, then near dawn a mist formed and cut visibility to nil. At

1220:

commander, wrote to Rawlinson, objecting to the renewal of attacks on

2785:

sickness as well as casualties. In the 51st (Highland) Division from

2293: 2833:, that two divisions were relieved twice, in what Ludendorff called 1547:

51st (Highland) Division objectives at Beaumont Hamel, November 1916

1322:

and not react, when the opening bombardment for the attack began at

2555:

and Crown Prince Rupprecht requested leave (Gallwitz had to wait).

6465: 4562:

Lossberg's War: The World War I Memoirs of a German Chief of Staff

2764:

Prisoners taken by the 51st (Highland) Division, 13 November 1916.

2758: 2690: 2491: 2417: 2361: 1541: 1446: 1394:

On 22 October, Below ordered that on the south side of the Ancre,

1364: 1290: 1245: 277: 4235:(Arms & Armour Press ed.). London: Weidenfeld Military. 2930:

on the rising ground of the north side of the Ancre valley, with

4580:

1914–1918 (Berlin, Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn 1939)

4255: 2981: 2691: 588: 37:

This article is about the 1916 battle. For the 1918 battle, see

4667: 4415:

Fighting the Somme: German Challenges, Dilemmas & Solutions

2576:(Desire Trench) which was held by patrols as a decoy away from 592: 281: 4663: 4298:(Bison Books ed.). London: University of Nebraska Press. 3905: 3903: 2724:] with any recorded. The enemy was surprised and beaten". 2720: 1241: 1155: 2618:(Grandcourt Trench) and machine-gun nests along Boom Ravine. 1370:

Map of the Beaumont-Hamel area (commune FR insee code 80753)

4188:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Hutchinson. 3186: 3184: 4277:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. 3842: 3840: 3596: 3594: 3497: 3495: 3075: 3073: 3048: 3046: 2867:

Redoubt; the effort failed and the survivors surrendered.

2238:

surrendered. Dugouts towards Station Road yielded another

4398:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 3995: 3993: 1410:

despite being under strength, its companies only having

4090:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3932: 3930: 3707: 3705: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3213: 3211: 2657:

Somme, German attacks on the Sixth Army, from south of

1383:

anticipated the British attack. On 2 November, General

1176:

After meeting on 17 October between Lieutenant-General

4525:(Penguin ed.). London: Richard Cobden-Sanderson. 4043:

The History of the 51st (Highland) Division, 1914–1918

1594: 1309:

line to force the Germans out of their defences, from

1192:

operation planned in September and on 23 October, the

6847:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

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Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

2563:The British tried again to capture Serre by taking 2249:The 51st Division was supposed to have attacked at 1479:; the other two battalions got lost in the fog. At 1149:threatened the German hold on Serre further north. 2817:The British Fifth Army had 23,274 casualties from 1153:called the battle "a feat of arms vieing [ 4659:The Somme Day by Day, 11–18 November 1917 and map 1379:October, the army group commander, Field Marshal 1180:the Fourth Army commander and Gough, General Sir 5640:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4490:. Vol. I. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. 3921: 3882: 2513:on the west side of Beaucourt, running towards 56: 6822:Battle honours of the King's Royal Rifle Corps 4377:Douglas Haig War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918 4679: 4487:The History of the Second Division, 1914–1918 604: 293: 80:Battle of the Somme 1 July – 18 November 1916 8: 2862: 2713: 2702: 2639: 2633: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2564: 2545: 2539: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2335: 1395: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1268: 102: 3894: 3870: 6837:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 6513: 6222: 6127: 6067: 5176: 4984: 4778: 4686: 4672: 4664: 2280:observation flights gave the positions of 611: 597: 589: 300: 286: 278: 53: 4046:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. 3807: 1414:; by 10 November it had suffered another 6842:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5929:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 3984: 3972: 3909: 3846: 3600: 3585: 3561: 3501: 3486: 3426: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3366: 3354: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3202: 3127: 2666:with German aeroplanes; on the night of 2600:was 2,130 ft (650 m) south of 2588:(Little Gully), an eastern extension of 1452:2nd Division positions, 14 November 1916 6306:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4475:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3999: 3795: 3771: 3747: 3735: 3684: 3636: 3573: 3549: 3537: 3378: 3342: 3330: 3270: 3258: 3229: 3151: 3042: 2884: 2809:. The 63rd Division lost approximately 2708:defenders. The real attack began after 4590:Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919 4465: 4455: 4417:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 4396:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 3660: 3648: 3091: 2895:guns, forty-six 60-pounder guns, four 2455:(thirty of them wounded) surrendered. 6259:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5595:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4023: 4011: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3858: 3831: 3819: 3783: 3759: 3723: 3711: 3696: 3672: 3624: 3612: 3525: 3513: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3246: 3217: 3190: 3175: 3163: 3139: 3115: 3103: 3079: 3064: 3052: 2980:The short story writer H. H. Munro (" 2769:Casualties in the 32nd Division from 1204:on 21 October, the Fourth and French 7: 6663:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 2971:, despite being wounded three times. 2376:The first snow fell on the night of 6827:Battle honours of the Rifle Brigade 6592:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5386:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4437:. Vol. XI. London. 1914–1921. 2801:and those of the 3rd Division from 2644:and the east end of Regina Trench. 2300:There was good flying weather from 2234:helped take The Strongpoint, where 1587:Brigade at the first objective. At 1561:and reached the first objective at 5325:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4275:The 18th Division in the Great War 2837:. In 1919, J. H. Boraston claimed 2821:and inflicted so many casualties ( 1557:was blown, passed the east end of 1381:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria 25: 4233:The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account 225:Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria 27:Battle during the First World War 5688:Second Battle of the Piave River 5310:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2793:Losses in the 2nd Division from 2701:A 1st Army investigation of the 2678:, ready for a spring offensive. 2579:Dessauer Riegel–Leipziger Riegel 191: 176: 162: 74: 6759:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5959:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 2965:Governor-General of New Zealand 2193:all operations were cancelled. 6582:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6441:Deportations from East Prussia 6238:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4332:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 4070:(2nd ed.). London: Dent. 1: 6493:Ukrainian Canadian internment 4578:Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkriege 4068:Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches 1212:On 3 November, Major-General 266: 257: 6648:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5947:Estonian War of Independence 5615:Southern Palestine offensive 4560:Lossberg, Fritz von (2017). 4434:The Times History of the War 2696:British cavalry on the Ancre 2447:(the "Glasgow Boys Brigade" 1163:troops were taken prisoner. 1145:Hamel, St Pierre Divion and 6602:USA against Austria-Hungary 6001:Turkish War of Independence 5953:Latvian War of Independence 5678:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5269:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 4273:Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) . 3922:Sheffield & Bourne 2005 3883:Sheffield & Bourne 2005 1569:held up the advance and at 1186:British Expeditionary Force 1130:Battle of Flers–Courcelette 1081:Western Front tactics, 1917 32:Battle of the Ancre Heights 6873: 6685:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6233:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5693:Second Battle of the Marne 5580:Second battle of the Aisne 5449:Second Battle of Champagne 5290:German invasion of Belgium 4169:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2340:Redoubt, which took until 1500:and the Germans withdrew. 1436: 1101:was fought by the British 322:Battles of the Somme, 1916 272:including 7,000 prisoners. 43: 39:Battle of the Ancre (1918) 36: 29: 6791: 6466:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5995:Irish War of Independence 5738:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5723:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5335:First Battle of the Marne 4701: 4317:. London: Little, Brown. 4066:Boraston, J. H. (1920) . 2835:a particularly heavy blow 2789:there were approximately 2214:which was carried out by 1443:Capture of Beaumont-Hamel 628: 319: 251: 238: 205: 154: 84: 73: 61: 6618:Constantinople Agreement 5911:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5774:Co-belligerent conflicts 5743:Second Romanian campaign 5713:Third Transjordan attack 5424:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5330:Battle of Grand Couronné 4353:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 4186:The Royal Naval Division 3798:, pp. 384–385, 388. 1338:Battle of Thiepval Ridge 30:Not to be confused with 6681:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6633:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5941:Greater Poland Uprising 5841:National Protection War 5718:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5668:German spring offensive 5663:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5439:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5414:Second Battle of Artois 5295:Battle of the Frontiers 4040:Bewsher, F. W. (1921). 3895:Prior & Wilson 2005 3871:Prior & Wilson 2005 2956:During this engagement 2873:Operations on the Ancre 2445:Highland Light Infantry 2398:being captured in all. 1184:, the commander of the 969:German spring offensive 244:12 divisions, 1 brigade 6706:Paris Peace Conference 6694:Ukraine–Central Powers 6488:Massacres of Albanians 6456:Late Ottoman genocides 6263:Bulgarian occupations 5971:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5935:Hungarian–Romanian War 5753:Naval Victory Bulletin 5748:Armistice with Germany 5698:Hundred Days Offensive 5625:Battle of La Malmaison 5575:Second battle of Arras 5542:Battle of Transylvania 5396:Second Battle of Ypres 5264:Sarajevo assassination 5153:South African Republic 4652:, Film archive of the 4650:La Bataille de l'Ancre 4231:McCarthy, C. (1995) . 4203:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 4150:. London: Frank Cass. 3118:, pp. 478 to 479. 2934:upstream to the east. 2863: 2766: 2743:The British had taken 2714: 2703: 2698: 2640: 2634: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2565: 2546: 2540: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2499: 2425: 2369: 2336: 1549: 1454: 1439:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt 1396: 1372: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1269: 1224:, having already lost 1112:), against the German 1099:(13–18 November 1916), 206:Commanders and leaders 103: 6716:Treaty of St. Germain 6689:Russia–Central Powers 6643:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6471:Pontic Greek genocide 6446:Destruction of Kalisz 6422:Eastern Mediterranean 5983:Polish–Lithuanian War 5765:Armistice of Belgrade 5728:Armistice of Salonica 5658:Operation Faustschlag 5605:Third Battle of Oituz 5527:Baranovichi offensive 5495:Lake Naroch offensive 5469:Battle of Robat Karim 5444:Vistula–Bug offensive 5419:Battles of the Isonzo 5350:First Battle of Ypres 4394:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 4375:; Bourne, J. (2005). 4313:Philpott, W. (2009). 4292:Palazzo, A. (2003) . 4184:Jerrold, D. (2009) . 4129:Western Front 1914–18 2932:Beaucourt-sur-l'Ancre 2855:1 July to 18 November 2848:Subsequent operations 2841:prisoners, including 2762: 2694: 2573:Alter Dessauer Riegel 2495: 2478:hurricane bombardment 2421: 2386:4th Canadian Division 2365: 1545: 1450: 1368: 1172:Tactical developments 252:Casualties and losses 6857:November 1916 events 6711:Treaty of Versailles 6427:Mount Lebanon famine 6342:in the United States 6310:Russian occupations 6024:Turkish–Armenian War 5965:Polish–Ukrainian War 5905:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5852:Central Asian Revolt 5635:Armistice of Focșani 5365:Battle of Sarikamish 5315:Battle of Tannenberg 4711:Military engagements 4413:Sheldon, J. (2017). 4357:. Solihull: Helion. 4165:Gliddon, G. (1987). 2674:to Happlincourt and 2547:Alt-Wurttemburgfeste 2516:Alt-Wurttemburgfeste 2306:4, 7 and 15 Squadron 1257:British preparations 1188:(BEF) cancelled the 1076:French Army mutinies 1071:1914 Christmas truce 841:Hohenzollern Redoubt 482:Butte de Warlencourt 101:North central Somme 6832:Battle of the Somme 6778:They shall not pass 6701:Treaty of Bucharest 6658:Treaty of Bucharest 6597:USA against Germany 6574:Declarations of war 6278:German occupations 6191:British casualties 6050:Soviet–Georgian War 5977:Egyptian Revolution 5917:Armeno-Georgian War 5781:Somaliland campaign 5733:Armistice of Mudros 5610:Battle of Caporetto 5600:Battle of Mărășești 5570:Zimmermann telegram 5565:February Revolution 5510:Battle of the Somme 5434:Bug-Narew Offensive 5409:Battle of Gallipoli 5401:Sinking of the RMS 5193:Scramble for Africa 5187:Franco-Prussian War 4843:Sinai and Palestine 4654:Imperial War Museum 4628:. London: Cassell. 4626:The First World War 4585:Nicholson, G. W. L. 4484:Wyrall, E. (1921). 4250:Miles, W. (1992) . 4105:Falls, C. (1992) . 4014:, pp. 526–529. 3951:, pp. 512–513. 3924:, pp. 240–250. 3912:, pp. 414–421. 3834:, pp. 256–257. 3822:, pp. 474–475. 3786:, pp. 263–264. 3774:, pp. 384–385. 3738:, pp. 376–377. 3687:, pp. 372–376. 3663:, pp. 138–139. 3651:, pp. 136–137. 3615:, pp. 510–523. 3588:, pp. 160–161. 3564:, pp. 159–160. 3552:, pp. 134–135. 3540:, pp. 133–134. 3528:, pp. 514–515. 3516:, pp. 511–512. 3489:, pp. 158–159. 3477:, pp. 322–323. 3465:, pp. 320–322. 3453:, pp. 319–320. 3441:, pp. 175–176. 3429:, pp. 157–158. 3393:, pp. 155–156. 3381:, pp. 423–424. 3369:, pp. 154–155. 3357:, pp. 152–153. 3321:, pp. 148–152. 3309:, pp. 148–159. 3273:, pp. 370–372. 3205:, pp. 414–415. 3193:, pp. 478–479. 3178:, pp. 477–478. 3154:, pp. 104–105. 3142:, pp. 456–457. 3106:, pp. 447–449. 3082:, pp. 476–477. 3067:, pp. 470–474. 3055:, pp. 457–462. 2196:In XIII Corps, the 1604: 1387:, commander of the 1361:German preparations 1178:Sir Henry Rawlinson 1126:Battle of the Somme 1096:Battle of the Ancre 1065:Associated articles 782:Hartmannswillerkopf 642:Invasion of Belgium 525:Associated articles 123: / 92:13–18 November 1916 64:Battle of the Somme 57:Battle of the Ancre 6738:Treaty of Lausanne 6653:Paris Economy Pact 6587:UK against Germany 6517:Entry into the war 6483:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6202:Ottoman casualties 6012:Franco-Turkish War 5892:Post-War conflicts 5876:Russian Revolution 5858:Invasion of Darfur 5823:Kelantan rebellion 5811:Kurdish rebellions 5787:Mexican Revolution 5620:October Revolution 5585:Kerensky offensive 5560:Capture of Baghdad 5537:Monastir offensive 5522:Brusilov offensive 5360:Battle of Kolubara 5199:Russo-Japanese War 4624:Prior, R. (1999). 4541:Gough, H. de la P. 4146:Green, A. (2003). 2958:Lieutenant Colonel 2815:13 to 15 November. 2795:13 to 16 November, 2787:13 to 17 November, 2771:18 to 24 November, 2767: 2699: 2500: 2426: 2380:and the attack at 2370: 1595: 1550: 1455: 1373: 1107:Lieutenant-General 6804: 6803: 6787: 6786: 6771:The Golden Virgin 6765:Mutilated victory 6746: 6745: 6726:Treaty of Trianon 6721:Treaty of Neuilly 6628:Damascus Protocol 6501: 6500: 6461:Armenian genocide 6418:Allied blockades 6390:Belgian refugees 6173: 6172: 6083:Strategic bombing 6059: 6058: 6044:Franco-Syrian War 6018:Greco-Turkish War 6006:Anglo-Turkish War 5989:Polish–Soviet War 5923:German Revolution 5899:Russian Civil War 5882:Finnish Civil War 5708:Battle of Megiddo 5683:Battle of Goychay 5630:Battle of Cambrai 5590:Battle of Mărăști 5505:Battle of Jutland 5485:Erzurum offensive 5340:Siege of Przemyśl 5320:Siege of Tsingtao 5305:Battle of Galicia 5235:Second Balkan War 5223:Italo-Turkish War 5180:Pre-War conflicts 5166: 5165: 5056:Portuguese Empire 4972: 4971: 4934:German New Guinea 4916:Asian and Pacific 4635:978-0-304-35984-4 4611:on 26 August 2011 4571:978-0-8131-6980-4 4532:978-0-14-000082-5 4523:Undertones of War 4424:978-1-47388-199-0 4405:978-1-84415-269-8 4386:978-0-297-84702-1 4364:978-1-906033-76-7 4345:978-0-300-10694-7 4324:978-1-4087-0108-9 4305:978-0-8032-8774-7 4284:978-1-84342-866-4 4265:978-0-901627-76-6 4242:978-1-85409-330-1 4216:978-1-84342-413-0 4195:978-1-84342-261-7 4176:978-0-947893-02-6 4157:978-0-7146-8430-7 4138:978-1-870114-00-4 4116:978-0-89839-180-0 4097:978-0-7538-2202-9 4026:, pp. 65–82. 2875:in January 1917. 2831:1 to 18 November) 2819:11 to 24 November 2811:3,500 casualties, 2803:13 to 15 November 2779:13 to 24 November 2635:Grandcourt Riegel 2615:Grandcourt Riegel 2594:(Little Hollow). 2302:16 to 17 November 2175: 2174: 1603:18 November 1916 1602: 1226:5,320 casualties. 1089: 1088: 915:Nivelle offensive 689:Trouée de Charmes 586: 585: 573:Thiepval Memorial 428:Flers–Courcelette 276: 275: 150: 149: 16:(Redirected from 6864: 6731:Treaty of Sèvres 6623:Treaty of London 6514: 6292:Northeast France 6223: 6195:Parliamentarians 6128: 6090:Chemical weapons 6068: 5829:Senussi campaign 5799:Muscat rebellion 5793:Maritz rebellion 5761: 5703:Vardar offensive 5532:Battle of Romani 5500:Battle of Asiago 5490:Battle of Verdun 5454:Kosovo offensive 5229:First Balkan War 5177: 5076:Russian Republic 4985: 4779: 4721:Economic history 4688: 4681: 4674: 4665: 4639: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4604:. 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Corps, two 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1461: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408:26 to 27 October 1399: 1378: 1351: 1343: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1279:Livens Projector 1272: 1239: 1227: 1162: 1100: 1028:St Quentin Canal 623: 613: 606: 599: 590: 531:Hébuterne (1915) 494:Schwaben Redoubt 314: 312: 302: 295: 288: 279: 271: 268: 262: 259: 229:Max von Gallwitz 201: 197: 195: 194: 186: 182: 180: 179: 172: 168: 166: 165: 138: 137: 135: 134: 133: 128: 127:50.067°N 2.700°E 124: 121: 120: 119: 116: 106: 86: 85: 78: 54: 21: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6852:Battles in 1916 6807: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6783: 6742: 6674: 6667: 6638:Treaty of Darin 6606: 6568: 6524:Austria-Hungary 6510: 6497: 6478:Rape of Belgium 6405: 6377: 6325: 6319:Western Armenia 6314:Eastern Galicia 6247: 6221: 6185: 6184:Civilian impact 6183: 6169: 6126: 6055: 5887: 5817:Ovambo Uprising 5769: 5755: 5644: 5546: 5473: 5391:Battle of Łomża 5374: 5370:Christmas truce 5345:Race to the Sea 5278: 5240: 5162: 5133:Austria-Hungary 5109: 5044:Empire of Japan 4981: 4979: 4968: 4952:U-boat campaign 4938: 4910: 4872: 4824: 4770: 4751:Popular culture 4697: 4692: 4646: 4636: 4623: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4593: 4583: 4576:Translation of 4572: 4559: 4539: 4533: 4517: 4514: 4512:Further reading 4509: 4500: 4498: 4483: 4474: 4464: 4454: 4447: 4445: 4431: 4425: 4412: 4406: 4393: 4387: 4371: 4365: 4352: 4346: 4331: 4325: 4312: 4306: 4291: 4285: 4272: 4266: 4249: 4243: 4230: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4196: 4183: 4177: 4164: 4158: 4145: 4139: 4123: 4117: 4104: 4098: 4082: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3639:, pp. 379. 3635: 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2609:Grimmaer Riegel 2561: 2534: 2527: 2504: 2498: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2459:German 1st Army 2452: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2411: 2402: 2395: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2190: 2186: 2183:36 machine-guns 2182: 2142: 2070: 1970: 1898: 1868: 1852: 1780: 1764: 1748: 1690: 1614: 1612: 1599: 1588: 1583: 1575: 1570: 1562: 1555:Hawthorn Crater 1548: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1445: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1416:175 casualties. 1415: 1411: 1407: 1385:Fritz von Below 1376: 1371: 1363: 1349: 1341: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1316: 1303:Redoubt to the 1287: 1259: 1254: 1237: 1225: 1174: 1169: 1160: 1118:Fritz von Below 1098: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1062: 866:Vimy Ridge 1916 743:Race to the Sea 711:1st St. Quentin 633: 624: 619: 617: 587: 582: 568:Leipzig Salient 536:Order of Battle 522: 315: 311:Somme Offensive 310: 308: 306: 269: 265:1–18 November, 260: 233:Fritz von Below 231: 227: 218: 214: 192: 190: 189: 177: 175: 174: 173: 163: 161: 160: 146:British victory 131: 129: 125: 122: 117: 114: 112: 110: 109: 108: 79: 68:First World War 48: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6870: 6868: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6817:1916 in France 6809: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6673:Peace treaties 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6559:United Kingdom 6556: 6551: 6549:Ottoman Empire 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6453: 6451:Sack of Dinant 6448: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6415: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6399:United Kingdom 6396: 6387: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6359: 6353:POW locations 6351: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6335: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6188: 6186: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6153:United Kingdom 6150: 6148:Ottoman Empire 6145: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6125: 6124: 6122:Trench warfare 6119: 6118: 6117: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6074: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5838: 5835:Volta-Bani War 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5673:Zeebrugge Raid 5670: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5464:Battle of Loos 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5355:Black Sea raid 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5257:Historiography 5248: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5211:Bosnian Crisis 5208: 5205:Tangier Crisis 5202: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5181: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5138:Ottoman Empire 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5115:Central Powers 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5098:British Empire 5093:United Kingdom 5090: 5085: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5071:Russian Empire 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4989:Entente Powers 4982: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4957:North Atlantic 4948: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4868:Central Arabia 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4830:Middle Eastern 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4787: 4785: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4731:Historiography 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4645: 4644:External links 4642: 4641: 4640: 4634: 4621: 4581: 4570: 4557: 4545:The Fifth Army 4537: 4531: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4481: 4429: 4423: 4410: 4404: 4391: 4385: 4369: 4363: 4350: 4344: 4329: 4323: 4310: 4304: 4289: 4283: 4270: 4264: 4247: 4241: 4228: 4215: 4200: 4194: 4181: 4175: 4162: 4156: 4143: 4137: 4121: 4115: 4102: 4096: 4080: 4063: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4016: 4004: 4002:, p. 390. 3989: 3987:, p. 162. 3977: 3965: 3963:, p. 510. 3953: 3941: 3939:, p. 523. 3926: 3914: 3899: 3897:, p. 294. 3887: 3885:, p. 254. 3875: 3873:, p. 293. 3863: 3851: 3849:, p. 416. 3836: 3824: 3812: 3810:, p. 425. 3808:The Times 1917 3800: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3762:, p. 263. 3752: 3750:, p. 383. 3740: 3728: 3726:, p. 503. 3716: 3714:, p. 262. 3701: 3699:, p. 261. 3689: 3677: 3675:, p. 258. 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3627:, p. 256. 3617: 3605: 3603:, p. 161. 3590: 3578: 3576:, p. 136. 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3504:, p. 159. 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3417:, p. 157. 3407: 3405:, p. 156. 3395: 3383: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3345:, p. 100. 3335: 3333:, p. 205. 3323: 3311: 3299: 3297:, p. 148. 3287: 3285:, p. 415. 3275: 3263: 3261:, p. 184. 3251: 3249:, p. 475. 3234: 3232:, p. 183. 3222: 3220:, p. 513. 3207: 3195: 3180: 3168: 3166:, p. 478. 3156: 3144: 3132: 3130:, p. 154. 3120: 3108: 3096: 3094:, p. 302. 3084: 3069: 3057: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3023: 3009: 3000: 2990: 2986:Lance sergeant 2973: 2969:Victoria Cross 2949: 2940: 2928:Beaumont Hamel 2902: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2859:14–15 November 2849: 2846: 2763: 2756: 2753: 2748:Edmund Blunden 2695: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2664:54 engagements 2649: 2646: 2560: 2557: 2496: 2470:12/13 November 2465: 2464:13–15 November 2462: 2460: 2457: 2449:Pals battalion 2422: 2378:17/18 November 2366: 2359: 2356: 2331: 2330:15–17 November 2328: 2312:, many of the 2276: 2275:Air operations 2273: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1609: 1546: 1460:11/12 November 1451: 1434: 1433:13–15 November 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1286: 1283: 1281:to kill them. 1270:Staufen Riegel 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1230:Ferdinand Foch 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1151:Edmund Blunden 1138:Beaumont Hamel 1087: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1061: 1060: 1058:Lys and Escaut 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 960: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 938: 937: 932: 927: 922: 912: 905: 894: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 827: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 805: 804: 794: 789: 787:Neuve Chapelle 784: 779: 768: 767: 762: 760:Winter actions 757: 756: 755: 750: 740: 735: 730: 725: 723:Grand Couronné 720: 715: 714: 713: 708: 703: 693: 692: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 661: 660: 659: 654: 649: 639: 629: 626: 625: 618: 616: 615: 608: 601: 593: 584: 583: 581: 580: 575: 570: 565: 564: 563: 561:Hawthorn Ridge 558: 553: 543: 538: 533: 521: 520: 519: 518: 516:Beaumont-Hamel 508: 507: 506: 501: 496: 486: 485: 484: 479: 474: 464: 462:Thiepval Ridge 459: 458: 457: 452: 447: 437: 436: 435: 425: 420: 415: 414: 413: 403: 398: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 369:Bazentin Ridge 366: 365: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 320: 317: 316: 307: 305: 304: 297: 290: 282: 274: 273: 263: 254: 253: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 236: 235: 222: 220:Ferdinand Foch 208: 207: 203: 202: 187: 170:United Kingdom 157: 156: 152: 151: 148: 147: 144: 140: 139: 100: 98: 94: 93: 90: 82: 81: 71: 70: 59: 58: 52: 51: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6869: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6564:United States 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6504: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6176: 6166: 6165:United States 6163: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6115:Convoy system 6113: 6112: 6111: 6110:Naval warfare 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6062: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5870:Kaocen revolt 5868: 5865: 5864:Easter Rising 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5429:Great Retreat 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5300:Battle of Cer 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5217:Agadir Crisis 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5105:United States 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5022:French Empire 5020: 5019: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4975: 4965: 4964:Mediterranean 4962: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4944:Naval warfare 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4820:Italian Front 4818: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4808:Eastern Front 4806: 4804: 4803:Western Front 4801: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4761:Puppet states 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4684: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4459: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373:Sheffield, G. 4370: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4218: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3985:McCarthy 1995 3981: 3978: 3975:, p. 50. 3974: 3973:Boraston 1920 3969: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3910:Philpott 2009 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3864: 3861:, p. 64. 3860: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3847:Philpott 2009 3843: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3601:McCarthy 1995 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3586:McCarthy 1995 3582: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3562:McCarthy 1995 3558: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502:McCarthy 1995 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3487:McCarthy 1995 3483: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3427:McCarthy 1995 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415:McCarthy 1995 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403:McCarthy 1995 3399: 3396: 3392: 3391:McCarthy 1995 3387: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3367:McCarthy 1995 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355:McCarthy 1995 3351: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3319:McCarthy 1995 3315: 3312: 3308: 3307:McCarthy 1995 3303: 3300: 3296: 3295:McCarthy 1995 3291: 3288: 3284: 3283:Philpott 2009 3279: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203:Philpott 2009 3199: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3128:Farndale 1986 3124: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3027: 3024: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963:, who became 2962: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2888: 2885: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2847: 2845: 2843:149 officers. 2836: 2791:2,200 losses. 2761: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2730:James Edmonds 2725: 2723: 2722: 2716: 2705: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2660: 2655: 2648:French armies 2647: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2530: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2482:52nd Division 2479: 2468:The night of 2463: 2458: 2456: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2441:Quadrilateral 2433: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2399: 2391:100 prisoners 2387: 2374: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2338: 2329: 2327: 2320: 2298: 2295: 2274: 2272: 2247: 2240:200 prisoners 2231:500 prisoners 2218: 2199: 2198:31st Division 2194: 2180: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1598: 1593: 1579: 1568: 1560: 1556: 1544: 1540: 1510:400 prisoners 1506: 1505:63rd Division 1501: 1468: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1345: 1339: 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Rudolph Cavan 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1033:Meuse-Argonne 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 976: 972: 971: 970: 967: 966: 965: 964: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 947:Passchendaele 945: 943: 940: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 916: 913: 911: 910: 906: 904: 901: 900: 899: 898: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 832: 831: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 809:2nd Champagne 807: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 777:1st Champagne 775: 774: 773: 772: 766: 763: 761: 758: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 697: 696:Great Retreat 694: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 665: 662: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 644: 643: 640: 638: 635: 634: 632: 627: 622: 621:Western Front 614: 609: 607: 602: 600: 595: 594: 591: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 547: 546:Mines, 1 July 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 527: 526: 517: 514: 513: 512: 509: 505: 504:Regina Trench 502: 500: 499:Stuff Redoubt 497: 495: 492: 491: 490: 489:Ancre Heights 487: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 463: 460: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 434: 431: 430: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 412: 409: 408: 407: 404: 402: 401:Delville Wood 399: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 370: 367: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 328: 325: 324: 323: 318: 313: 303: 298: 296: 291: 289: 284: 283: 280: 270: 45,000 264: 261: 22,000 256: 255: 250: 246: 243: 242: 237: 234: 230: 226: 223: 221: 217: 213: 210: 209: 204: 200: 188: 185: 171: 159: 158: 153: 145: 142: 141: 136: 132:50.067; 2.700 105: 99: 96: 95: 91: 88: 87: 83: 77: 72: 69: 65: 60: 55: 50: 47: 40: 33: 19: 6776: 6769: 6757: 6364: / 6296: 6131:Conscription 6095:Cryptography 6032:Iraqi Revolt 5459:Siege of Kut 5402: 4980:participants 4929:German Samoa 4863:South Arabia 4625: 4613:. Retrieved 4606:the original 4589: 4577: 4561: 4544: 4522: 4499:. Retrieved 4486: 4446:. Retrieved 4433: 4414: 4395: 4376: 4354: 4334: 4314: 4294: 4274: 4251: 4232: 4220:. Retrieved 4205: 4185: 4166: 4147: 4128: 4125:Farndale, M. 4106: 4087: 4067: 4055:. Retrieved 4042: 4019: 4007: 4000:Sheldon 2006 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3917: 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3796:Sheldon 2006 3791: 3779: 3772:Sheldon 2006 3767: 3755: 3748:Sheldon 2006 3743: 3736:Sheldon 2006 3731: 3719: 3692: 3685:Sheldon 2006 3680: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3637:Sheldon 2006 3632: 3620: 3608: 3581: 3574:Nichols 2004 3569: 3557: 3550:Nichols 2004 3545: 3538:Nichols 2004 3533: 3521: 3509: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3379:Gliddon 1987 3374: 3362: 3350: 3343:Bewsher 1921 3338: 3331:Jerrold 2009 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3271:Sheldon 2006 3266: 3259:Sheldon 2017 3254: 3230:Sheldon 2017 3225: 3198: 3171: 3159: 3152:Palazzo 2003 3147: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3060: 3026: 3012: 3003: 2993: 2976: 2952: 2943: 2905: 2887: 2869: 2851: 2834: 2768: 2742: 2738: 2726: 2719: 2715:Trommelfeuer 2700: 2659:Bouchavesnes 2651: 2623: 2620: 2585:Kleine Mulde 2562: 2531: 2522:Serre Riegel 2501: 2487: 2467: 2453:45 survivors 2440: 2434: 2427: 2408: 2400: 2375: 2371: 2333: 2299: 2278: 2248: 2219: 2195: 2179:3rd Division 2176: 1596: 1580: 1566: 1558: 1551: 1502: 1485:18-pounders. 1469: 1456: 1402: 1397:Gruppe Fuchs 1393: 1374: 1346: 1320: 1288: 1285:British plan 1275: 1264:2nd Division 1260: 1211: 1194:Reserve Army 1182:Douglas Haig 1175: 1161:7,000 German 1154: 1134: 1128:. After the 1122:Reserve Army 1110:Hubert Gough 1095: 1093: 1064: 1063: 1023:Saint-Mihiel 991:Belleau Wood 974: 962: 961: 952:La Malmaison 908: 896: 895: 861:Kink Salient 829: 828: 824:Gas: Wieltje 770: 769: 630: 524: 523: 510: 411:Mouquet Farm 357:La Boisselle 352:Contalmaison 321: 216:Hubert Gough 212:Douglas Haig 155:Belligerents 62:Part of the 49: 6394:Netherlands 6371:Switzerland 6252:Occupations 6243:Spanish flu 6020:(1919–1922) 6014:(1918–1921) 6008:(1918–1923) 5997:(1919–1921) 5991:(1919–1921) 5985:(1919–1920) 5961:(1918–1920) 5955:(1918–1920) 5949:(1918–1920) 5931:(1918–1920) 5913:(1918–1920) 5907:(1917–1921) 5901:(1917–1921) 5848:(1916-1918) 5846:Arab Revolt 5837:(1915–1917) 5831:(1915–1917) 5819:(1914-1917) 5813:(1914–1917) 5807:(1914–1921) 5801:(1913–1920) 5789:(1910–1920) 5783:(1900–1920) 5756: [ 5274:July Crisis 5195:(1880–1914) 4858:Mesopotamia 4736:Home fronts 4695:World War I 4519:Blunden, E. 4466:|work= 4448:12 November 4222:27 December 3661:Rogers 2010 3649:Rogers 2010 3092:Wyrall 1921 3018:165 British 2915:Somme river 2797:were about 2734:operational 2559:18 November 2396:620 Germans 2358:18 November 2324:21 aircraft 2236:400 Germans 1601:12 October 1355:Claud Jacob 1334:200 minutes 1222:Le Transloy 1198:Fourth Army 1043:2nd Cambrai 881:Boar's Head 871:Mont Sorrel 578:Ancre, 1917 541:Boar's Head 467:Le Transloy 455:Gueudecourt 433:Martinpuich 379:Trônes Wood 247:4 divisions 130: / 104:Département 18:Ancre, 1916 6811:Categories 6611:Agreements 6411:War crimes 6287:Luxembourg 6180:Casualties 5051:Montenegro 4886:South West 4766:Technology 4756:Propaganda 4746:Opposition 4033:References 4024:Falls 1992 4012:Miles 1992 3961:Miles 1992 3949:Miles 1992 3937:Miles 1992 3859:Green 2003 3832:Duffy 2007 3820:Miles 1992 3784:Duffy 2007 3760:Duffy 2007 3724:Miles 1992 3712:Duffy 2007 3697:Duffy 2007 3673:Duffy 2007 3625:Duffy 2007 3613:Miles 1992 3526:Miles 1992 3514:Miles 1992 3475:Jones 2002 3463:Jones 2002 3451:Jones 2002 3439:Jones 2002 3247:Miles 1992 3218:Miles 1992 3191:Miles 1992 3176:Miles 1992 3164:Miles 1992 3140:Miles 1992 3116:Miles 1992 3104:Miles 1992 3080:Miles 1992 3065:Miles 1992 3053:Miles 1992 2825:including 2755:Casualties 2710:15 minutes 2672:Mazancourt 2603:Baum Mulde 2597:Stallmulde 2591:Stallmulde 2535:10:30 a.m. 2412:70 British 2347:10:00 a.m. 2342:11:00 p.m. 2310:19 damaged 2290:250 German 2286:300 German 2282:157 German 2259:11:00 a.m. 1563:6:45 a.m., 1528:7:45 a.m., 1523:7:40 a.m., 1477:10:00 a.m. 1473:7:30 a.m., 1437:See also: 1428:Fifth Army 1350:90 minutes 1329:56 minutes 1190:Third Army 1167:Background 1103:Fifth Army 856:Wulverghem 819:3rd Artois 797:2nd Artois 765:1st Artois 418:Guillemont 362:Gommecourt 46:Ancre 1917 44:See also: 6508:Diplomacy 6215:Olympians 6138:Australia 6105:Logistics 6038:Vlora War 5967:(1918–19) 5943:(1918–19) 5937:(1918–19) 5925:(1918–19) 5872:(1916–17) 5854:(1916–17) 5805:Zaian War 5795:(1914–15) 5515:first day 5403:Lusitania 5231:(1912–13) 5225:(1911–12) 5213:(1908–09) 5207:(1905–06) 5189:(1870–71) 4978:Principal 4838:Gallipoli 4741:Memorials 4726:Geography 4716:Aftermath 4602:557523890 4543:(1968) . 4521:(1984) . 4496:869415401 4468:ignored ( 4458:cite book 4335:The Somme 4086:(2007) . 4084:Duffy, C. 4076:633614212 4052:855123826 3038:Footnotes 3021:November. 2911:tributary 2807:2,400 men 2682:Aftermath 2629:6:30 a.m. 2474:6:45 a.m. 2437:6:10 a.m. 2430:1:00 a.m. 2403:8:10 a.m. 2382:6:10 a.m. 2351:9:00 a.m. 2314:57 German 2269:2:45 p.m. 2264:6:20 a.m. 2255:8:30 a.m. 2251:6:20 a.m. 2244:1:00 p.m. 2227:7:45 a.m. 2223:6:20 a.m. 2216:9:30 p.m. 2212:5:25 p.m. 2208:9:30 a.m. 2203:5:45 a.m. 2191:4:30 p.m. 2187:6:30 a.m. 1589:9:00 a.m. 1584:7:30 a.m. 1576:9:00 p.m. 1571:7:00 a.m. 1537:9:30 p.m. 1514:6:45 a.m. 1498:9:00 a.m. 1494:7:00 a.m. 1490:7:40 a.m. 1481:6:15 a.m. 1465:8:15 a.m. 1412:80–90 men 1377:18 and 28 1324:5:45 a.m. 1317:7:25 a.m. 1238:5:45 a.m. 1234:Saillisel 1218:XIV Corps 1147:Beaucourt 1116:(General 1038:5th Ypres 1018:2nd Somme 996:2nd Marne 986:3rd Aisne 935:The Hills 930:2nd Aisne 891:Fromelles 886:1st Somme 836:The Bluff 802:Hébuterne 792:2nd Ypres 753:1st Ypres 733:1st Aisne 728:1st Marne 701:Le Cateau 679:Charleroi 664:Frontiers 551:Lochnagar 394:High Wood 389:Fromelles 374:Longueval 337:Montauban 332:First day 6796:Category 6383:Refugees 6349:Italians 6338:Germans 6298:Ober Ost 6078:Aviation 5172:Timeline 5143:Bulgaria 4924:Tsingtao 4901:Togoland 4848:Caucasus 4783:European 4775:Theatres 4587:(1962). 4553:59766599 4127:(1986). 2967:won the 2924:Fricourt 2920:Thiepval 2893:4.7-inch 2687:Analysis 2654:Pressoir 2337:Schwaben 2319:Albatros 1567:Y Ravine 1559:Y Ravine 1389:1st Army 1312:Schwaben 1300:Schwaben 1202:II Corps 1114:1st Army 1048:Courtrai 1003:Soissons 942:Messines 909:Alberich 718:Maubeuge 674:Ardennes 669:Lorraine 637:Moresnet 472:Eaucourt 450:Lesbœufs 406:Pozières 384:Ovillers 347:Fricourt 239:Strength 107:, France 97:Location 6534:Germany 6434:Germany 6362:Germany 6282:Belgium 6267:Albania 6226:Disease 6206:Sports 6158:Ireland 6071:Warfare 6064:Aspects 5252:Origins 5245:Prelude 5148:Senussi 5128:Germany 5123:Leaders 5061:Romania 5002:Belgium 4997:Leaders 4896:Kamerun 4878:African 4813:Romania 4791:Balkans 4706:Outline 4615:31 July 4057:31 July 2913:of the 2704:débâcle 2676:Biaches 2294:strafed 2168:54°–36° 2154:37°–25° 2138:46°–37° 2124:46°–36° 2110:55°–36° 2096:54°–46° 2082:50°–48° 2066:55°–32° 2052:50°–30° 2038:54°–30° 2024:57°–43° 2010:55°–45° 1996:57°–45° 1982:59°–48° 1966:64°–52° 1952:59°–48° 1938:59°–48° 1924:59°–46° 1910:63°–46° 1894:61°–48° 1880:53°–45° 1864:55°–41° 1848:55°–43° 1834:55°–39° 1820:52°–45° 1806:54°–45° 1792:55°–43° 1760:45°–28° 1744:48°–28° 1730:57°–37° 1716:57°–48° 1702:55°–43° 1686:54°–36° 1672:57°–41° 1658:61°–50° 1644:61°–50° 1630:61°–55° 1597:Weather 1532:450 men 1518:100 men 1252:Prelude 1120:). The 1013:Ailette 981:The Lys 975:Michael 957:Cambrai 851:Hulluch 846:St Eloi 738:Antwerp 477:Le Sars 445:Combles 199:Germany 66:of the 6554:Russia 6529:France 6357:Canada 6272:Serbia 6143:Canada 6100:Horses 6052:(1921) 6046:(1920) 6040:(1920) 6034:(1920) 6026:(1920) 5979:(1919) 5973:(1919) 5919:(1918) 5884:(1918) 5878:(1917) 5866:(1916) 5860:(1916) 5825:(1915) 5237:(1913) 5219:(1911) 5201:(1905) 5158:Darfur 5083:Serbia 5066:Russia 5029:Greece 5017:France 5007:Brazil 4853:Persia 4796:Serbia 4632: 4600: 4568: 4551: 4529: 4501:26 May 4494: 4443:642276 4441: 4421: 4402: 4383: 4361: 4342: 4321: 4302: 4281: 4262: 4239: 4213: 4192: 4173: 4154: 4135: 4113: 4094: 4074: 4050: 3016:About 2984:"), a 2897:6-inch 2823:45,000 1530:about 1423:Battle 1403:Ersatz 1053:Sambre 1008:Amiens 876:Verdun 706:Étreux 652:Dinant 440:Morval 423:Ginchy 342:Mametz 327:Albert 196: 184:France 181: 167: 143:Result 118:2°42′E 115:50°4′N 6751:Other 6544:Japan 6539:Italy 6366:camps 6210:Rugby 5760:] 5039:Japan 5034:Italy 5012:China 4906:North 4609:(PDF) 4594:(PDF) 2879:Notes 2864:Soden 2839:7,200 2829:from 2813:from 2805:were 2799:3,000 2781:were 2775:2,524 2773:were 2566:Soden 2505:2,000 2242:. At 2157:fine 2143:cold 2113:dull 2085:dull 2071:cold 2041:fine 1999:dull 1985:fine 1971:dull 1899:cold 1869:cold 1853:cold 1837:rain 1823:rain 1809:rain 1795:dull 1781:cold 1776:/°–/° 1765:cold 1749:cold 1733:rain 1719:rain 1705:fine 1691:cold 1675:rain 1661:dull 1647:dull 1633:dull 1608:Date 1342:26–30 1306:Hansa 1295:Serre 1291:Ancre 1246:Irles 1206:Sixth 1142:Serre 920:Arras 903:Ancre 657:Namur 647:Liège 556:Y Sap 511:Ancre 6331:POWs 5650:1918 5552:1917 5478:1916 5379:1915 5283:1914 5088:Siam 4891:East 4630:ISBN 4617:2014 4598:OCLC 4566:ISBN 4549:OCLC 4527:ISBN 4503:2017 4492:OCLC 4477:link 4470:help 4450:2013 4439:OCLC 4419:ISBN 4400:ISBN 4381:ISBN 4359:ISBN 4340:ISBN 4319:ISBN 4300:ISBN 4279:ISBN 4260:ISBN 4256:HMSO 4237:ISBN 4224:2014 4211:ISBN 4190:ISBN 4171:ISBN 4152:ISBN 4133:ISBN 4111:ISBN 4092:ISBN 4072:OCLC 4059:2014 4048:OCLC 2982:Saki 2544:and 2177:The 2141:fine 2099:fog 2069:mist 1883:wet 1851:rain 1779:fine 1763:fine 1747:fine 1611:Rain 1441:and 1244:and 1216:the 1140:and 1094:The 963:1918 925:Vimy 897:1917 830:1916 814:Loos 771:1915 748:Yser 684:Mons 631:1914 89:Date 2721:sic 2712:of 2079:0.1 2063:0.1 1969:wet 1897:wet 1867:wet 1689:sun 1683:0.1 1512:by 1242:Pys 1156:sic 6813:: 5758:It 4462:: 4460:}} 4456:{{ 4258:. 3992:^ 3929:^ 3902:^ 3839:^ 3704:^ 3593:^ 3494:^ 3237:^ 3210:^ 3183:^ 3072:^ 3045:^ 2909:a 2476:a 2171:– 2162:18 2148:17 2132:16 2127:– 2118:15 2104:14 2090:13 2076:12 2060:11 2055:– 2046:10 2027:– 2013:– 2007:12 1955:– 1941:– 1927:– 1913:– 1904:31 1888:30 1874:29 1858:28 1842:27 1828:26 1814:25 1800:24 1786:23 1770:22 1754:21 1738:20 1724:19 1710:18 1696:17 1680:16 1666:15 1652:14 1638:13 1624:12 1618:°F 1613:mm 1340:, 267:c. 258:c. 6182:/ 4687:e 4680:t 4673:v 4638:. 4619:. 4574:. 4555:. 4535:. 4505:. 4479:) 4472:) 4452:. 4427:. 4408:. 4389:. 4367:. 4348:. 4327:. 4308:. 4287:. 4268:. 4245:. 4226:. 4198:. 4179:. 4160:. 4141:. 4119:. 4100:. 4078:. 4061:. 2624:I 2165:8 2151:2 2135:0 2121:0 2107:0 2093:0 2049:0 2035:0 2032:9 2021:2 2018:8 2004:7 1993:0 1990:6 1979:0 1976:5 1963:2 1960:4 1949:1 1946:3 1935:3 1932:2 1921:3 1918:1 1907:0 1891:7 1877:7 1861:8 1845:1 1831:1 1817:2 1803:3 1789:3 1773:0 1757:0 1741:0 1727:4 1713:4 1699:3 1669:3 1655:0 1641:0 1627:0 1105:( 612:e 605:t 598:v 301:e 294:t 287:v 41:. 34:. 20:)

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Index