677:) says a prayer during which he beseeches God to: "look down now upon Thy Church, and behold how that, though we have joyously received the Gospel of salvation, we are but stony ground. For the thorns of vanity and the tares of the passions make it to bear but little fruit in certain places and none in others, and with the increase in iniquity, some, opposing the truth of Thy Gospel by heresy, and others by schism, do fall away from Thy dignity, and rejecting Thy grace, they subject themselves to the judgment of Thy most holy word. O most merciful and almighty Lord ... be merciful unto us; strengthen us in the right Faith by Thy power, and with Thy divine light illumine the eyes of those in error, that they may come to know Thy truth. Soften the hardness of their hearts and open their ears, that they may hear Thy voice and turn to Thee, our Saviour. O Lord, set aside their division and correct their life, which doth not accord with Christian piety. ... Endue the pastors of Thy Church with holy zeal, and so direct their care for the salvation and conversion of those in error with the spirit of the Gospel that, guided by Thee, we may all attain to that place where is the perfect faith, fulfillment of hope, and true love ...." The
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661:"... if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he shall neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as a heathen man and a publican. Verily I say unto you, whatever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
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For the
Orthodox, anathema is not final damnation. God alone is the judge of the living and the dead, and up until the moment of death repentance is always possible. The purpose of public anathema is twofold: to warn the one condemned and bring about his repentance, and to warn others away from his
151:
appeared in modern
English for the first time and was used in the sense of "something accursed". The "consecrated object" meaning was also adopted a short time later, but is no longer widely used. Its most common modern usage is in secular contexts where it is used to mean something or someone that
106:
used the word anathema to signify a curse and the forced expulsion of one from the community of
Christians. By the 6th century, the liturgical meaning evolved again to mean a formal ecclesiastical curse of excommunication and the condemnation of heretical doctrines, the severest form of separation
367:
Although in the canons of ecumenical councils the word "anathema" continued to be used to mean exclusion for heresy from the society of the faithful, the word was also used to signify a major excommunication inflicted with particular solemnity. Anathema, in this sense, was a major excommunication
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of the church is restricted; but those given over to anathema are considered completely torn from the Church until they repent. Epitemia, or excommunication, is normally limited to a specified period of time—though it always depends on evidence of repentance by the one serving the penance. The
178:
applied the word to anything set aside for sacrifice, and thus banned from profane use and dedicated to destruction—as, in the case of religious wars, the enemy and their cities and possessions. The New
Testament uses the word to mean a curse and forced expulsion of someone from the Christian
648:
are read from Romans 16:17–20, which directs the church to "mark them which cause divisions and offenses contrary to the doctrine you have learned, and avoid them. For they ... by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple," and
Matthew 18:10–18, which recounts the
99:) referred to both objects consecrated to divine use and those dedicated to destruction in the Lord's name, such as enemies and their weapons during religious wars. Since weapons of the enemy were considered unholy, the meaning became "anything dedicated to evil" or "a curse".
669:(litany), during which petitions are offered that God will have mercy on those who err and bring them back to the truth, and that he will "make hatred, enmity, strife, vengeance, falsehood and all other abominations to cease, and cause true love to reign in our hearts", the
584:(penances) laid on a person, one form of which is "separation from the communion of the Church" (excommunication), and anathema. While undergoing epitemia, the person remains an Orthodox Christian, even though their participation in the
360:, a distinction later clarified by using the term "major excommunication" for exclusion from the society of the faithful, and "minor excommunication" for ordinary excommunication or exclusion from reception of the
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changed from "an instrument of communal purification" to "an instrument for the promotion of personal conduct as well as the enforcement of public morality an instrument of ecclesiastical discipline"; see
46:, an Anathema was something or someone dedicated to God as a sacrifice, or cursed and separated from God because of sin. These represent two types of settings, one for devotion, the other for destruction.
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Its meaning in the New
Testament is "disfavour of God", and is used both of the sentence of disfavour, as in Acts 23:14, and to the object of God's disfavour, as in the other cited places.
313:
in 431. In the fifth century, a formal distinction between anathema and "minor" excommunication evolved, where "minor" excommunication entailed cutting off a person or group from the
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and so banned for common (non-religious) use. The Hebrew word was also used for what was devoted, by virtue of a simple vow, not to the Lord, but to the priest. According to the
386:) and abolished all penalties of whatever kind envisaged in previous canonical legislation but not included in the Code. It defined excommunication as exclusion from the
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597:. Anathematization is only a last resort, and must always be preceded by pastoral attempts to reason with the offender and bring about their restoration.
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632:, or decree, of the council was publicly proclaimed on this day, including an anathema against not only Iconoclasm but also of previous heresies. The
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lifting of anathema, however, depends solely on the repentance of the one condemned. The two causes for which a person may be anathematized are
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128:"In 1054, an anathema was issued by Rome against the Eastern Patriarch who then issued another one against the cardinal who delivered it."
122:"It's no wonder then, that Paul calls down God's curse, God's anathema, His ban on those behind their potential defection from Christ."
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of the faithful and said that excommunication "is also called anathema, especially if inflicted with the solemnities described in the
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has two main meanings. One is to describe that something or someone is being hated or avoided. The other refers to a formal
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from the
Christian church issued against a heretic or group of heretics by a Pope or other church official. The phrase
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Since the time of the apostles, the term 'anathema' has come to mean a form of extreme religious sanction, known as
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then proclaims the
Synodicon, anathematizing various heresies and lauding those who have remained constant in the
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throughout the
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and attendance at worship, while anathema meant a complete separation of the subject from the Church.
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abandoned the distinction between major and minor excommunication (which continues in use among the
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The 1983 Code of Canon Law, which is now in force, does not contain the word "anathema", and the
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continues to be proclaimed annually, together with additional prayers and petitions in
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162:"The idea that one would voluntarily inject poison into one's body was anathema to me."
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865:"Bible Gateway passage: 1 Corinthians 16:22 – Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition"
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965:"The Word "Anathema" and it's [sic] meaning – by Saint John Maximovitch"
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941:"Bible Gateway passage: Deuteronomy 7:26 – Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition"
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23:14, and to the object of God's disfavour, as in the other cited places.
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504: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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256:) occurs in the Greek New Testament six times, and frequently in the
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1136:
Vine's
Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words
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356:. Documents of the 9th and 12th centuries distinguish anathema from
1366: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
917:"Bible Gateway passage: Leviticus 27:28 – English Standard Version"
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217:). The word appears in verses such as Leviticus 27:28 to refer to
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125:"He shrank from the venerable saint as if to avoid an anathema."
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St. Paul's Anathema Esto in Galatians One by Gerald O. Hoenecke
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Anathema or curse in a 12th–13th century manuscript of the
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Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canons 1431, 1434
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pronounced with the ceremonies described in the article
282:. The earliest recorded instance of the form is in the
102:
In New Testament usage a different meaning developed.
93:, meaning "to offer up". In the Old Testament, חֵרֶם (
1090:"Anathema (Greek 'Aνάθημα; Hebrew חרם; Aramaic חרמא)"
612:—the "Sunday of Orthodoxy"—the church celebrates the
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as the organizing principle of Jewish life circa the
165:"This notion was anathema to most of his countrymen."
601:error. Everything is done for the purpose of the
58:Anathema (in the sense of a curse) attributed to
1385:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
16:A term for something or someone hated or banned
1033:Encyclopædia Britannica: "anathema (religion)"
372:, which were reserved for the gravest crimes.
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1015:"Anathema | religion | Britannica"
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1088:Jacob Voorsanger; Kaufmann Kohler (eds.).
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809:, Oxford University Press, archived from
564:Learn how and when to remove this message
462:Learn how and when to remove this message
1414:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
1333:Christian Cyclopedia article on Anathema
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988:Liddell, Henry George; Robert, Scott.
845:Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary
1231:"The Word 'Anathema' and its Meaning"
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7:
1300:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1216:Code of Canon Law alphabetical index
502:adding citations to reliable sources
159:"Racial hatred was anathema to her."
1338:The Word "Anathema" and its Meaning
1237:, vol 27, Mar–April 1977, pp. 18–19
1194:1917 Code of Canon Law, canon 6, 5°
207:
1205:1917 Code of Canon Law, canon 2257
807:English Oxford Living Dictionaries
434:tone or style may not reflect the
227:(1901–1906), with the rise of the
14:
1288:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
893:New Testament Greek Lexicon – KJV
765:The main definitions of the noun
1361:
1316:New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia
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444:guide to writing better articles
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309:issued twelve anathemas against
489:needs additional citations for
38:. These meanings come from the
219:things that are offered to God
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136:A mention of anathema in the
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77:
1399:Disengagement from religion
777:a formal ecclesiastical ban
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1172:Jimmy Akin, "Anathema Sit"
1057:Modern Catholic Dictionary
773:a detested person or thing
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1382:Easton's Bible Dictionary
1340:Eastern Orthodox view by
1154:Joseph Gignac, "Anathema"
704:Christian excommunication
384:Eastern Catholic Churches
301:(c. 340) pronounced that
21:Anathema (disambiguation)
1409:Catholic penal canon law
235:, the sense of the word
152:is detested or shunned.
1356:The Sunday of Orthodoxy
1069:Kaufmann Kohler (ed.).
994:A Greek-English Lexicon
719:Ostracism (present-day)
608:On the First Sunday of
578:Eastern Orthodox Church
438:used on Knowledge (XXG)
403:, as revised after the
1373:Easton, Matthew George
724:Bell, book, and candle
663:
580:distinguishes between
442:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
405:Second Vatican Council
370:bell, book, and candle
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144:
112:
65:Anathema derives from
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1404:Christian terminology
1297:Catholic Encyclopedia
1159:Catholic Encyclopedia
813:on September 23, 2016
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140:, a medieval text in
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1351:Theophan the Recluse
1342:St. John Maximovitch
1227:St. John Maximovitch
618:Byzantine Iconoclasm
498:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1094:Jewish Encyclopedia
1075:Jewish Encyclopedia
401:Pontificale Romanum
393:Pontificale Romanum
346:ecumenical councils
307:Cyril of Alexandria
297:; for example, the
224:Jewish Encyclopedia
348:recognized by the
344:canons of all the
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274:Early Christianity
252:The noun ἀνάθεμα (
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999:January 9,
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752:Grammarist
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