25:
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A novel miRNA processing pathway independent of Dicer requires
Argonaute2 catalytic activity. Cifuentes D, Xue H, Taylor DW, Patnode H, Mishima Y, Cheloufi S, Ma E, Mane S, Hannon GJ, Lawson ND, Wolfe SA, Giraldez AJ. Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1694-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190809. Epub 2010 May
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Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin receptors. Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, Mitchell A, Ma J, Dubrulle J, Reyon D, Tsai SQ, Joung JK, Saghatelian A, Schier AF. Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):1248636. doi: 10.1126/science.1248636. Epub
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in vertebrates to regulate development and cellular responses to stress during hematopoiesis. His work also defined hundreds of targets for different microRNAs during embryonic development, demonstrating that microRNAs can shape gene expression patterns in space and time
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Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Bazzini AA, Del Viso F, Moreno-Mateos MA, Johnstone TG, Vejnar CE, Qin Y, Yao J, Khokha MK, Giraldez AJ. EMBO J. 2016 Oct 4;35(19):2087-2103. Epub 2016 Jul
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Nanog, Pou5f1 and SoxB1 activate zygotic gene expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Lee MT, Bonneau AR, Takacs CM, Bazzini AA, DiVito KR, Fleming ES, Giraldez AJ. Nature. 2013 Nov 21;503(7476):360-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12632. Epub 2013 Sep
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in 2005 and 2006, revealed the importance of miRNAs generally in different aspects of embryonic development and revealed a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation known as deadenylation. In 2012, Giraldez led a study showing how miR-430 reduces
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which represses, deadenylates, and clears ≈20% of maternal mRNAs2. MiR-430 is a large microRNA family that is conserved in other vertebrates: miR-427 in
Xenopus and miR-290-295/302 in mouse and humans. This work, which was reported in the journal
169:, which in turn can develop into a fully-fledged adult. Giraldez has contributed to characterizing the shift that occurs after the embryo interprets and shuts down the maternal program and activates the developmental program contained in its own
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He established his laboratory at Yale in 2007, became director of graduate studies in 2012, and left that position to become chair the genetics department in 2017, where he is now the Fergus F. Wallace
Professor of Genetics.
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Zebrafish miR-1 and miR-133 shape muscle gene expression and regulate sarcomeric actin organization. Mishima Y, Abreu-Goodger C, Staton AA, Stahlhut C, Shou C, Cheng C, Gerstein M, Enright AJ, Giraldez AJ. Genes Dev.
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Codon optimality is a major determinant of mRNA stability. Presnyak V, Alhusaini N, Chen YH, Martin S, Morris N, Kline N, Olson S, Weinberg D, Baker KE, Graveley BR, Coller J. Cell. 2015 Mar 12;160(6):1111-24. doi:
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Zebrafish MiR-430 promotes deadenylation and clearance of maternal mRNAs. Giraldez AJ, Mishima Y, Rihel J, Grocock RJ, Van Dongen S, Inoue K, Enright AJ, Schier AF. Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):75-9. Epub 2006 Feb
330:
he continued to investigate the regulatory code that shapes embryonic development, using zebrafish as a model. In the early days of his laboratory he discovered a new mechanism of microRNA processing independent of
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MicroRNAs regulate brain morphogenesis in zebrafish. Giraldez AJ, Cinalli RM, Glasner ME, Enright AJ, Thomson JM, Baskerville S, Hammond SM, Bartel DP, Schier AF. Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):833-8. Epub 2005 Mar
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Ribosome profiling shows that miR-430 reduces translation before causing mRNA decay in zebrafish. Bazzini AA, Lee MT, Giraldez AJ. Science. 2012 Apr 13;336(6078):233-7. Doi: 10.1126/science.1215704. Epub 2012 Mar
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The hormonal peptide
Elabela guides angioblasts to the midline during vasculogenesis. Helker CS, Schuermann A, Pollmann C, Chng SC, Kiefer F, Reversade B, Herzog W. Elife. 2015 May 27;4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.06726.
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Toddler signaling regulates mesodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling. Norris ML, Pauli A, Gagnon JA, Lord ND, Rogers KW, Mosimann C, Zon LI, Schier AF. Elife. 2017 Nov 9;6. pii: e22626. doi:
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Zygotic genome activation during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Lee MT, Bonneau AR, Giraldez AJ. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2014;30:581-613. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013027. Epub 2014 Aug 11.
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Differential regulation of germline mRNAs in soma and germ cells by zebrafish miR-430. Mishima Y, Giraldez AJ, Takeda Y, Fujiwara T, Sakamoto H, Schier AF, Inoue K. Curr Biol. 2006 Nov 7;16(21):2135-42.
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Born in 1975 in Jerez de la
Frontera, Spain, Giraldez attended high school at La Salle Buen Pastor, in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. He followed on with studies in Chemistry and Molecular Biology at the
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region upon overexpression in the wing primordium. He discovered that Notum encodes a secreted inhibitor that reduces the local concentration of an important developmental signaling molecule known as
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A dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that requires Ago catalysis. Cheloufi S, Dos Santos CO, Chong MM, Hannon GJ. Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):584-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09092
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Starting too soon: upstream reading frames repress downstream translation. McGeachy AM, Ingolia NT. EMBO J. 2016 Apr 1;35(7):699-700. doi: 10.15252/embj.201693946. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
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Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay. Hanson G, Coller J. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018 Jan;19(1):20-30. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.91. Epub 2017 Oct 11. Review.
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before causing mRNA decay, which was again published in
Science. Giraldez's work on miR-430 has opened a new area of research in the field of developmental genetics.
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as a model system, because it can be easily manipulated and visualized, and because the genetic tools to unlock its secrets are very sophisticated. When an egg is
297:. Giraldez's studies of mRNA and embryonic microRNAs led to fundamental insights into the mechanisms by which a maternal cell transitions to a self-regulating
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Giraldez began his career at the Centro de
Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) in Madrid, working on the development of Drosophila under the mentorship of
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HSPG modification by the secreted enzyme Notum shapes the
Wingless morphogen gradient. Giráldez AJ, Copley RR, Cohen SM. Dev Cell. 2002 May;2(5):667-76.
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A developmental framework for induced pluripotency. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Development. 2015 Oct 1;142(19):3274-85. doi: 10.1242/dev.114249. Review.
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regulates maternal mRNAs, but the molecular effectors of this regulation were a mystery. Giraldez and collaborators identified a conserved microRNA,
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Giraldez specializes in understanding how a newly fertilized egg transforms into a highly-functioning, complex animal. This is a critical period in
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Antonio
Giraldez: at the tip of the microRNA iceberg. Giraldez A. J Cell Biol. 2009 Jun 29;185(7):1132-3. doi: 10.1083/jcb.1857pi.
434:. These findings offer a new understanding of how the genome becomes activated, linking cellular and developmental reprogramming.
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to study the mechanisms of development of the
Drosophila wing under the mentorship of Stephen Cohen. Giraldez identified the gene
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at the Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) in Madrid. Giraldez completed his PhD with Stephen Cohen at the
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regulation during development. Using ribosome footprinting, the lab has identified novel, translated genes that encode
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and many of the pathways and molecules that drive this transformation are shared across animal species. Giraldez uses
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across different species. This regulatory layer must be conserved, based on its previous discovery in yeast by the
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Giraldez has served on several major review committees. In addition to being a permanent member of the
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Further work in the Giraldez laboratory has explored the mechanisms of zygotic genome activation after
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laboratories. Through further analysis of translation, Giraldez's work uncovered an important role for
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379:. Giraldez's work established the concept that mRNAs can have differential stability dependent on the
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availability and showed the importance of regulating mRNA levels during cellular transitions and
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for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science and the John Kendrew Young Scientist Award from the
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Yale Scientists Track the Development of the Embryo. Hathaway, B. Sci Tech Daily. 2017 Feb.
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Keynote Lecture Series - Antonio Giraldez
142:(born 1975) is a Spanish developmental biologist and RNA researcher at
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229:(EMBL, Heidelberg, 1998–2002), followed by postdoctoral studies with
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composition and translation in regulating mRNA stability during the
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During his postdoctoral career at the Skirball Institute (NYU) and
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that requires the catalytic activity of Argonaute 2, a type of
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Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science (2014)
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists National Finalist (2016)
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Lois E. and Franklin H. Top, Jr., Yale Scholar Award (2007)
453:'s Leading Strand Series, which can be viewed online here.
449:. In 2018, Giraldez delivered a Keynote Lecture as part of
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in Biomedical Sciences. In addition, he has received the
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regulatory code during development and the regulation of
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Interview with Antonio Giraldez, Journal of Cell Biology
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Giraldez's work has wide implications for understanding
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NYAS Blavatnik Young Investigator Award Finalist (2007)
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Yale Scientists Track the Development of the Embryo
545:"Winner of the John Kendrew Young Scientist Award"
437:Giraldez's current work involves deciphering the
266:, so called because it caused duplication of the
509:Giraldez is married to fellow faculty member
497:John Kendrew Young investigator Award (2007)
339:protein. This pathway is required to process
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326:When Giraldez established his laboratory at
56:about living persons that is unsourced or
491:Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences (2008)
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
813:Spanish expatriates in the United States
426:. Some of these factors are involved in
16:Spanish-American developmental biologist
768:
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471:Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
180:in humans and other species, advancing
863:Autonomous University of Madrid alumni
289:and the microRNA processing machinery
221:. As an undergraduate, he worked with
738:Antonio Girladez Yale Faculty Profile
227:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
202:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
7:
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347:The Giraldez laboratory has applied
285:, Giraldez investigated the role of
233:at the Skirball Institute (NYU) and
194:Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists
144:Yale University School of Medicine
14:
828:People from Jerez de la Frontera
482:HHMI Faculty Scholar (2016–2021)
23:
853:Yale School of Medicine faculty
808:21st-century Spanish scientists
803:20th-century Spanish scientists
531:"Faculty Scholars Program HHMI"
150:and the Yale Stem Cell Center.
398:. His lab identified a set of
373:maternal-to-zygotic transition
303:maternal to zygotic transition
1:
473:Fellowship Awards Committee.
451:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
219:University Autonoma of Madrid
469:Alumni Review Board and the
406:and a large fraction of the
34:biography of a living person
677:10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.029.
402:that enabled activation of
61:must be removed immediately
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858:University of Cádiz alumni
307:zygotic genome activation
301:, a process known as the
196:(National Finalist), the
823:Developmental biologists
748:Medicine at Yale Profile
443:cellular differentiation
208:Early life and education
838:21st-century biologists
833:20th-century biologists
465:, he has served on the
457:Professional activities
258:. He then moved to the
463:NIH Dev1 Study Section
432:cellular reprogramming
377:Jeff Coller laboratory
188:Faculty Scholar and a
178:developmental genetics
140:Antonio Jesus Giraldez
48:Please help by adding
400:transcription factors
295:embryonic development
155:embryonic development
76:"Antonio J. Giraldez"
439:post-transcriptional
54:Contentious material
818:Spanish geneticists
648:10.7554/eLife.22626
305:(MZT). During MZT,
215:University of Cadiz
868:Spanish scientists
349:genomic approaches
148:Yale Cancer Center
743:Girladez Lab Page
477:Awards and honors
381:codon composition
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414:: maternal
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353:translation
321:translation
190:Pew Scholar
182:RNA biology
797:Categories
517:References
163:fertilized
87:newspapers
428:stem cell
337:Argonaute
287:microRNAs
159:zebrafish
39:citations
272:Wingless
250:Research
217:and the
204:(EMBL).
65:libelous
705:Review.
445:in the
404:miR-430
341:miR-451
316:Science
311:miR-430
279:Harvard
235:Harvard
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447:zygote
410:after
408:genome
299:zygote
241:Career
171:genome
167:zygote
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416:Nanog
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333:Dicer
291:Dicer
281:with
268:notum
264:Notum
108:JSTOR
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32:This
619:2009
422:and
420:Oct4
385:tRNA
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328:Yale
260:EMBL
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