509:. These forms of art often do not stem directly from observations of the external natural environment but from the observation of depicted shapes and their relationships. According to Harries, Systems art represents a deliberate attempt by artists to develop a more flexible frame of reference. Rather than being a cognitive system that leads to the institutionalization of an imposed model, it uses its frame of reference as a model to be emulated. However, transferring the meaning of a picture to its location within a systemic structure does not eliminate the need to define the constitutive elements of the system. Without these definitions, constructing the system becomes challenging.
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relation to art and life. Unlike copier art, which was a commercial spin-off, Generative
Systems was involved in developing elegant and simple systems intended for creative use by the general public. Generative Systems artists sought to bridge the gap between elite and novice by facilitating communication between the two, thus disseminating first-generation information to a broader audience and bypassing traditional commercial routes.
181:, minimalism in painting, as opposed to other areas, is a modernist movement. Depending on the context, minimalism might be construed as a precursor to the postmodern movement. Some writers classify it as a postmodern movement, noting that early minimalism began and succeeded as a modernist movement, producing advanced works but partially abandoning this project when some artists shifted towards the anti-form movement.
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541:". In the catalogue, Alloway noted that "...paintings, such as those in this exhibition are not, as has been often claimed, impersonal. The personal is not expunged by using a neat technique: anonymity is not a consequence of highly finishing a painting". The term "Systemic Painting" later came to refer to artists who employ systems to make a number of aesthetic decisions before commencing to paint.
557:, were art styles of the 1960s and 1970s in which simple geometric configurations are repeated with little or no variation. Sequences becomes important as in mathematics and linguistic context. These works rely on simple arrangements of basic volumes and voids, mechanically produced surfaces, and algebraic permutations of form. The impact on the viewer, however, is anything but simple".
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263:, and computer-generated compositions reflect a cybernetic awareness of information, systems, and cycles. These techniques became widespread in the 1960s music industry. The visual effects of electronic feedback became a focus of artistic research in the late 1960s when video equipment first reached the consumer market. For example,
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in 1970 in response to social changes brought about in part by the computer-robot communications revolution. The program, which brought artists and scientists together, aimed to transform the artist's role from passive to active by exploring contemporary scientific and technological systems and their
442:, Robert Morris had a groundbreaking exhibition in 1968 that defined the movement. The museum's website notes that "Process artists were involved in issues attendant to the body, random occurrences, improvisation, and the liberating qualities of nontraditional materials such as
33:
357:
Generative art is art that is created through algorithmic processes, using systems defined by computer software, algorithms, or similar mathematical, mechanical, or randomized autonomous methods.
1007:," in SIGGRAPH 2001 Electronic Art and Animation Catalog, (New York: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2001): 8–15; expanded and reprinted in Art Inquiry 3: 12 (2001): 7–33 and Leonardo 35:3 (August 2002): 433–38.
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in the 1960s that was concerned with the shared circuits within and between the living and the technological. During this period, a line of cybernetic art theory also emerged. Writers such as
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is not the principal focus. The 'process' in process art refers to the act of creating art: the gathering, sorting, collating, associating, and patterning. Process art emphasizes the actual
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in character, either in a single concentrated image, or repeated in a system arranged according to a clearly visible principle of organization. He considered the chevron paintings of
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454:. Using these, they created eccentric forms in erratic or irregular arrangements produced by actions such as cutting, hanging, and dropping, or organic processes such as growth,
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series (CIMs, from 2000). These are generative and interactive installations using the mobile phone network and participation technologies from e-democracy.
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to describe minimalist-derived art that incorporated content and contextual overtones that minimalism had rejected. This term was applied to the work of
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997:, eds. From Energy to Information: Representation in Science, Technology, Art, and Literature. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002): 255–77.
318:, Burnham develops a theory of cybernetic art that centers on art's drive to imitate and ultimately reproduce life. Additionally, in 1968, curator
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had coined the term "Systemic art", to describe a type of abstract art characterized by the use of very simple standardized forms, usually
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832:"Systemic art." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Ed. Ian Chilvers. Oxford University Press, 2004. eNotes.com. 2006. 19 Mar 2008
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used "all manner and combination of audio and video signals to generate electronic feedback in their respective media."
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1017:," Leonardo Electronic Almanac 6:10 (November 1998). Reprinted in English and Spanish in a minima 12 (2005): 140–51.
150:. Minimalism argued that extreme simplicity could capture all of the sublime representation needed in art. The term
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1084:: The online editorial and curatorial project for systems, non-objective and reductive artists working in the UK.
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718:, "From Cybernetics to Telematics: The Art, Pedagogy, and Theory of Roy Ascott," in Roy Ascott (2003, 2007),
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John G. Harries identified common ground in the ideas underlying developments in 20th-century art such as
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1027:," in Simon Penny, et al., eds., Proceedings of the Digital Arts and Culture Conference 2009, DAC: 2009.
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Systemic
Painting, according to Auping (1989), "was the title of a highly influential exhibition at the
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Sonia Landy
Sheridan, "Generative Systems versus Copy Art: A Clarification of Terms and Ideas", in
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930:, Vol. 22, No. 1, Art and the New Biology: Biological Forms and Patterns (1989), pp. 109–111.
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as curator. The show contained numerous works that many critics today would consider part of the
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Vladimir
Bonacic (1989), "A Transcendental Concept for Cybernetic Art in the 21st Century", in:
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438:. Themes of change and transience are prominent in the process art movement. According to the
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138:. This movement rejected the ideas of relational and subjective painting, the complexity of
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419:. Thus, art is seen as a creative journey or process, rather than merely a final product.
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306:, with his essay "Behaviourist Art and the Cybernetic Vision" published in the journal
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Luke
Skrebowski (2008), "All Systems Go: Recovering Hans Haacke's Systems Art", in
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The House That Jack Built: Jack
Burnham’s Concept of Software as a Metaphor for Art
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is sometimes considered a precursor to process art. Process art, with its use of
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682:, second edition (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 694.
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movement in the 1960s and 1970s. Closely related and overlapping terms include
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drew on cybernetics. Notable contributors include
British artist and theorist
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54:, reflecting on natural systems, social systems, and the social signs of the
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788:, "De l'interaction à la démocratie. Vers un art génératif post-digital" /
720:
Telematic
Embrace: Visionary Theories of Art, Technology, and Consciousness
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415:, and performance. It often involves inherent motivation, rationale, and
790:"From interactivity to democracy. Towards a post-digital generative art"
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Glossary of Art, Architecture, and Design Since 1945: Terms and Labels,
554:
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According to
Chilvers (2004), "earlier in 1966 the British art critic
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1935:
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Abstraction, Geometry, Painting: Selected
Geometric Abstract Painting
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John G. Harries, "Personal Computers and Notated Visual Art," in:
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31:
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by Francis Halsall: summary of presentation on Chart 2005, 2005.
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as examples of Systemic art, and considered this as a branch of
447:
435:
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669:, Dutch Art & Architecture Thesaurus, retrieved March 2008.
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Observing 'Systems-Art' from a Systems-Theoretical Perspective
443:
244:
paintings and sculptures for the remainder of their careers.
1025:
Reprogramming Systems Aesthetics: A Strategic Historiography
976:, City of Birmingham Polytechnic, School of Art Education,
122:
had emerged as an abstract movement in art, with roots in
4014:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1005:
Art in the Information Age: Technology and Conceptual Art
991:
Cybernetics and Art: Cultural Convergence in the 1960s
962:, Systems Art Symposium Whitechapel Art Gallery, 2007.
1060:
Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945
61:
Systems art emerged as part of the first wave of the
158:
in 1966 to describe the method that artists such as
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2012:
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949:"Complexity Theory: A Science of Cultural Systems?"
361:established the Generative Systems program at the
796:, Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2011, pp. 229–239.
328:at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London.
808:"Guggenheim Collection - Glossary - Process art"
794:Ethique, esthétique, communication technologique
399:and creative sentiment where the end product of
27:Art influenced by cybernetics and systems theory
533:in 1966 assembled and introduction written by
4201:
1103:
960:"Systems Aesthetics and the System as Medium"
769:, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Spring 1983), pp. 103–108.
204:, and new work by former minimalists such as
8:
852:, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Autumn 1981), pp. 299–301.
310:(1966–67), and American critic and theorist
220:, Barry Le Va, and others. Minimalists like
874:Lawrence Alloway, "Systemic Painting," in:
680:A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art
4335:
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4194:
4186:
3113:
2360:
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1110:
1096:
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878:edited by Gregory Battcock (1995), p. 19.
842:
840:
553:, serial painting, systems sculpture and
759:
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240:, and others continued to produce their
702:, "Leaving C&M", by Sarah Douglas,
659:
3791:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
678:Chilvers, Ian and Glaves-Smith, John,
363:School of the Art Institute of Chicago
1811:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
741:Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life
7:
4817:
969:Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
947:Karen Cham, Jeffrey Johnson (2007),
4759:Systems theory in political science
1044:, Winter 2008, No. 30, Pages 54–83.
865:, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, p. 72.
422:In artistic discourse, the work of
3146:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
1997:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
876:Minimal Art: A Critical Anthology,
322:organized the landmark exhibition
25:
3220:American Figurative Expressionism
1556:International Gothic art in Italy
177:Associated with painters such as
4816:
4804:
4793:
4792:
4170:
4169:
2729:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
389:Collective Intelligence Machines
3651:Tunisian collaborative painting
3124:International Typographic Style
4749:Systems theory in anthropology
3404:The Caribbean Artists Movement
1037:. Whitechapel/MIT Press, 2015.
549:According to Feldman (1987), "
282:, and the animist kinetics of
1:
4754:Systems theory in archaeology
1760:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
955:, Volume 10 Issue 3 June 2007
900:Edmund Burke Feldman (1987),
109:Related fields of systems art
3875:Modern European ink painting
3247:Bay Area Figurative Movement
722:, University of California,
700:Movers and Shakers, New York
440:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
184:In the late 1960s, the term
142:surfaces, and the emotional
3536:Artificial intelligence art
887:John Albert Walker (1973),
434:, shares similarities with
290:contributed to a strain of
4896:
4860:Contemporary art movements
3449:Post-painterly abstraction
3272:Situationist International
2646:Pennsylvania Impressionism
739:Mitchell Whitelaw (2004),
373:
335:
4788:
4386:
4338:
4250:Coupled human–environment
4165:
3032:California Scene Painting
2911:California Scene Painting
2867:Figurative Constructivism
1918:Poussinists and Rubenists
1134:
995:Linda Dalrymple Henderson
4130:Prehistoric European art
3779:Contemporary African art
3262:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
3190:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
2817:Universal Constructivism
2609:California Impressionism
2564:American Barbizon school
958:Francis Halsall (2007),
265:Steina and Woody Vasulka
146:and polemics present in
4583:Charles A. S. Hall
3957:Walking Artists Network
3294:Letterist International
3134:Washington Color School
2048:Arts in the Philippines
1070:Whitechapel Art Gallery
993:," in Bruce Clarke and
974:Systems Art: An Enquiry
861:Michael Auping (1989),
706:, March 2007, V.XXXNo7.
316:Beyond Modern Sculpture
4503:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
4068:Illuminated manuscript
3716:The Designers Republic
3666:Neue Slowenische Kunst
3589:Pattern and Decoration
3489:Institutional critique
3129:Abstract expressionism
2109:Latin American Baroque
2065:Colonial Asian Baroque
521:
392:
354:
325:Cybernetic Serendipity
170:were using to compose
140:abstract expressionist
40:
4780:Principia Cybernetica
4493:Anthony Stafford Beer
4363:Sociotechnical system
3706:Artist-run initiative
3681:Young British Artists
3646:New European Painting
3582:Moscow Conceptualists
3504:Feminist art movement
3282:Ukrainian underground
3257:Gutai Art Association
2656:Ten American Painters
2160:Western influence in
1137:List of art movements
1066:Systems Art Symposium
515:
383:
348:Irrational Geometrics
346:Installation view of
345:
124:geometric abstraction
46:is art influenced by
35:
4643:Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
4618:Edward Norton Lorenz
4573:Jay Wright Forrester
4378:World-systems theory
4353:Earth system science
3516:Saqqakhaneh movement
3409:Chicano art movement
3277:Soviet Nonconformist
3083:Boston Expressionism
3066:Abstraction-Création
2884:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
2877:Cologne Progressives
2597:Art Nouveau in Milan
2400:Anglo-Japanese style
2376:National romanticism
1806:Fontainebleau School
1716:Northern Renaissance
1551:International Gothic
972:Eddie Price (1974),
965:Pamela Lee, (2004),
814:on 27 September 2007
359:Sonia Landy Sheridan
190:Robert Pincus-Witten
118:By the early 1960s,
4845:Artistic techniques
4518:Kenneth E. Boulding
4051:Hierarchy of genres
3616:Saint Soleil School
3552:Post-conceptual art
3521:The Stars Art Group
3399:Black Arts Movement
3362:Neo-Dada Organizers
3163:Lyrical abstraction
2896:Australian tonalism
2569:California Tonalism
2241:Hudson River School
2044:Colonial Asian art
1784:English Renaissance
1733:Ghent–Bruges school
1721:Early Netherlandish
1633:Italian Renaissance
1546:Gothic art in Milan
938:"Systems Esthetics"
314:. In his 1968 work
39:, Trans West, 1965.
4648:James Grier Miller
4603:Faina M. Kirillova
4563:Heinz von Foerster
4553:Edsger W. Dijkstra
4513:Alexander Bogdanov
4498:Richard E. Bellman
4473:William Ross Ashby
4093:Landscape painting
3701:New Leipzig School
3641:Neo-conceptual art
3389:Art & Language
3384:Capitalist realism
3306:Florida Highwaymen
3242:Hard-edge painting
3056:Streamline Moderne
3017:Harlem Renaissance
2860:Novecento Italiano
2688:Deutscher Werkbund
2515:Post-Impressionism
2077:Latin American art
1881:Guild of Romanists
1743:German Renaissance
1738:Northern Mannerism
1072:in London in 2007.
786:Maurizio Bolognini
522:
395:Process art is an
393:
385:Maurizio Bolognini
355:
332:Generative systems
172:abstract paintings
114:Anti-form movement
80:generative systems
68:anti-form movement
41:
18:Anti-form movement
4832:
4831:
4713:Manuela M. Veloso
4628:Humberto Maturana
4568:Stephanie Forrest
4538:C. West Churchman
4463:Russell L. Ackoff
4449:
4448:
4321:Positive feedback
4316:Negative feedback
4183:
4182:
3965:
3964:
3821:Corporate Memphis
3774:Classical Realism
3744:Amazonian pop art
3636:Appropriation art
3604:Neo-expressionism
3474:Environmental art
3379:Nouvelle tendance
3096:
3095:
3044:Socialist realism
2901:Dresden Secession
2520:Neo-Impressionism
2483:Decadent movement
2454:Heidelberg School
2348:
2347:
2246:American luminism
2231:DĂĽsseldorf School
2226:Shoreham Ancients
2216:Nazarene movement
2206:Danish Golden Age
2087:Indochristian art
1765:Antwerp Mannerism
1654:Pittura infamante
1648:Florentine School
1643:Proto-Renaissance
1031:Edward A. Shanken
1021:Edward A. Shanken
1011:Edward A. Shanken
1001:Edward A. Shanken
987:Edward A. Shanken
944:(September 1968).
902:Composition (Art)
716:Edward A. Shanken
618:Participatory art
545:Systems sculpture
531:Guggenheim Museum
525:Systemic painting
397:artistic movement
296:Jonathan Benthall
272:Edward Ihnatowicz
103:systems sculpture
99:systemic painting
91:systems aesthetic
16:(Redirected from
4887:
4820:
4819:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4708:Francisco Varela
4440:Systems thinking
4373:Urban metabolism
4336:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4173:
4172:
4157:Western painting
4103:Modern sculpture
4061:History painting
3764:Art intervention
3557:Installation art
3374:Nouveau réalisme
3114:
3088:Leningrad School
2980:Mexican muralism
2953:Grosvenor School
2693:American Realism
2676:Der Blaue Reiter
2634:Berlin Secession
2629:Vienna Secession
2624:Munich Secession
2542:Pont-Aven School
2361:
2211:Troubadour style
2189:(c. 1770 – 1862)
2156:Qing handicrafts
2122:Western elements
2053:Letras y figuras
2026:African-American
2021:African diaspora
1992:Directoire style
1903:Heptanese school
1886:Dutch Golden Age
1871:Stroganov School
1864:Lutheran Baroque
1859:Louis XIII style
1832:Baroque in Milan
1694:Bolognese School
1689:High Renaissance
1672:Forlivese School
1667:Ferrarese School
1390:Migration Period
1154:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1082:Saturation Point
913:
898:
892:
885:
879:
872:
866:
859:
853:
844:
835:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
810:. Archived from
803:
797:
783:
777:
761:
752:
737:
731:
713:
707:
697:
691:
676:
670:
664:
638:Systems thinking
588:Evolutionary art
535:Lawrence Alloway
476:Lawrence Alloway
411:—art as a rite,
278:, cybernetician
270:Related work by
156:Lawrence Alloway
21:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4880:Systems science
4835:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4784:
4763:
4737:
4678:Anatol Rapoport
4663:Talcott Parsons
4638:Donella Meadows
4613:Allenna Leonard
4533:Mary Cartwright
4528:Kathleen Carley
4488:Gregory Bateson
4483:Béla H. Bánáthy
4445:
4382:
4331:
4325:
4311:Limiting factor
4306:Leverage points
4289:
4227:
4219:
4217:Systems science
4214:
4184:
4179:
4161:
4078:Interactive art
3961:
3935:SoFlo Superflat
3860:Kitsch movement
3784:Africanfuturism
3736:
3730:
3609:Transavantgarde
3540:
3494:Light and Space
3479:Performance art
3459:Psychedelic art
3342:Nueva Presencia
3332:Otra FiguraciĂłn
3320:
3252:Les Plasticiens
3237:New York School
3215:Action painting
3200:Metcalf Chateau
3109:
3104:
3092:
3012:Cercle et Carré
2948:New Objectivity
2855:Return to order
2797:School of Paris
2775:
2619:School of Paris
2580:
2466:Arts and Crafts
2371:Neo-romanticism
2356:
2344:
2340:Etching revival
2292:Barbizon school
2236:Pre-Raphaelites
2188:
2185:
2178:
2121:
2115:
2008:
1982:Louis XVI style
1924:
1913:Louis XIV style
1876:Animal painting
1837:Flemish Baroque
1815:
1726:World landscape
1677:Venetian School
1619:
1606:Majorcan school
1573:Novgorod School
1563:Lucchese School
1535:Opus Anglicanum
1527:Norman-Sicilian
1471:Italo-Byzantine
1371:Early Christian
1352:
1336:Pompeian Styles
1149:
1143:
1130:
1116:
1051:
921:
919:Further reading
916:
904:, H.N. Abrams,
899:
895:
886:
882:
873:
869:
860:
856:
845:
838:
831:
827:
817:
815:
806:
804:
800:
784:
780:
775:10.2307/1574794
762:
755:
738:
734:
714:
710:
698:
694:
677:
673:
665:
661:
657:
652:
633:Sustainable art
608:Interactive art
603:Information art
568:Algorithmic art
563:
547:
527:
472:
428:action painting
424:Jackson Pollock
378:
372:
340:
334:
320:Jasia Reichardt
300:Gene Youngblood
261:sound synthesis
250:
206:Robert Smithson
148:action painting
116:
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4893:
4891:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4875:Systems theory
4872:
4870:Postmodern art
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:Conceptual art
4847:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4814:
4802:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4733:Anthony Wilden
4730:
4728:Jennifer Wilby
4725:
4723:Norbert Wiener
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:Claude Shannon
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4668:Ilya Prigogine
4665:
4660:
4658:Howard T. Odum
4655:
4653:Radhika Nagpal
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:Niklas Luhmann
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4548:George Dantzig
4545:
4543:Manfred Clynes
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4508:Margaret Boden
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:Victor Aladjev
4465:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Living systems
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Control theory
4339:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4108:Late modernism
4105:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4056:Genre painting
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4006:
4004:Ballets Russes
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3987:Asemic writing
3979:
3977:History of art
3973:
3971:
3970:Related topics
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Relational art
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Hypermodernism
3825:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3569:
3567:Postminimalism
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Generative art
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Conceptual art
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3311:Cybernetic art
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:Ultra-Lettrist
3296:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3173:Arte Informale
3170:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3110:(1945–present)
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3039:Heroic realism
3036:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2973:Latin American
2970:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Group of Seven
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2906:Social realism
2903:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2889:November Group
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:Latin American
2807:Constructivism
2804:
2802:Crystal Cubism
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
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2690:
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2663:
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2636:
2631:
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2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
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2599:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2512:
2507:
2505:Volcano School
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2260:Norwich School
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Fairy painting
2192:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:Chilote School
2084:
2082:Casta painting
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:Tipos del PaĂs
2055:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Louis XV style
1943:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
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1920:
1915:
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1895:
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1791:
1781:
1780:
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1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1748:Cologne School
1740:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1696:
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1601:Italian school
1592:
1587:
1586:
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1583:Sienese School
1575:
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1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1519:
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1517:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1493:Pre-Romanesque
1490:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1429:
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1422:Donor portrait
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1397:
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1362:
1360:
1354:
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1338:
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1331:Julio-Claudian
1328:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
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1280:Greco-Buddhist
1272:
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1257:
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1220:Protogeometric
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1063:
1054:Walker, John.
1050:
1049:External links
1047:
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598:Generative art
595:
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578:Conceptual art
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562:
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546:
543:
526:
523:
503:Constructivism
484:Kenneth Noland
471:
468:
417:intentionality
374:Main article:
371:
368:
338:Generative art
336:Main article:
333:
330:
292:cybernetic art
253:Audio feedback
249:
248:Cybernetic art
246:
242:late modernist
238:John McCracken
188:was coined by
186:postminimalism
160:Kenneth Noland
154:was coined by
152:Systematic art
115:
112:
110:
107:
74:cybernetic art
63:conceptual art
52:systems theory
37:Kenneth Noland
26:
24:
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4:
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4801:
4800:
4791:
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4781:
4778:
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4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:Organizations
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Kevin Warwick
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Margaret Mead
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Lydia Kavraki
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:Barbara Grosz
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4478:Ruzena Bajcsy
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Doubling time
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4176:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Fantastic art
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4009:Christian art
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Skeuomorphism
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Massurrealism
3868:
3866:
3865:Lightpainting
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:Post-Internet
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Grunge design
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:Retrofuturism
3674:
3672:
3671:Scratch video
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Memphis Group
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Telematic art
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Guerrilla art
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Endurance art
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
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3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:New media art
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:Nanyang Style
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:Visionary art
3139:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Scuola Romana
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Anthropophagy
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:Functionalism
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:Neoplasticism
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:Cubo-Futurism
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:Ashcan School
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:Expressionism
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Mir iskusstva
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:Boston School
2435:
2433:
2432:Hoosier Group
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:Impressionism
2420:
2418:
2417:Peredvizhniki
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Beuron School
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
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2372:
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2359:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:Munich School
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
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2256:
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2239:
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2234:
2232:
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2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
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2191:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2159:
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2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:Art borrowing
2118:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:Company style
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:Neoclassicism
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
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1825:
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1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Cretan School
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
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1758:
1754:
1753:Danube school
1751:
1749:
1746:
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1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
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1528:
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1501:
1498:
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1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
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1459:
1457:
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1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Orientalizing
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Sub-Mycenaean
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:art movements
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:"Systems Art"
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
988:
985:
983:
982:0-905017-00-5
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:Chronophobia.
964:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
932:
929:
928:
923:
922:
918:
911:
910:0-13-940602-6
907:
903:
897:
894:
890:
884:
881:
877:
871:
868:
864:
858:
855:
851:
850:
843:
841:
837:
834:
829:
826:
813:
809:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
779:
776:
772:
768:
767:
760:
758:
754:
750:
749:0-262-23234-0
746:
743:, MIT Press,
742:
736:
733:
729:
728:0-520-22294-6
725:
721:
717:
712:
709:
705:
701:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
672:
668:
663:
660:
654:
649:
648:Systems Group
646:
644:
643:Systems music
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
623:Process music
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
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477:
469:
467:
465:
464:decomposition
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:as a type of
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
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386:
382:
377:
369:
367:
364:
360:
353:
352:Pascal Dombis
349:
344:
339:
331:
329:
327:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Jean Tinguely
285:
281:
277:
276:Wen-Ying Tsai
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
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247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Robert Morris
207:
203:
202:Richard Serra
199:
198:Keith Sonnier
195:
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45:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4742:Applications
4698:Katia Sycara
4598:James J. Kay
4588:Mike Jackson
4523:Murray Bowen
4421:Pharmacology
4416:Neuroscience
4234:
4151:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
4149:
4120:Outsider art
4073:Illustration
4029:Lutheran art
4019:Catholic art
3982:Abstract art
3952:Unilalianism
3915:Software art
3890:Neosymbolism
3880:Neo-futurism
3843:Internet art
3833:Hyperrealism
3686:Superfiction
3469:Photorealism
3423:
3337:Afrofuturism
3102:Contemporary
3078:Dimensionism
3061:Concrete art
2994:
2990:Precisionism
2840:
2787:Sosaku-hanga
2761:Productivism
2751:Metaphysical
2721:
2710:Proto-Cubism
2614:Secessionism
2576:Costumbrismo
2461:Aestheticism
2412:Hague School
2392:
2316:Academic art
2297:Costumbrismo
2265:Empire style
2102:Quito School
2097:Cusco School
2013:Colonial art
1974:
1962:FĂŞte galante
1960:
1929:18th century
1891:Delft School
1842:Caravaggisti
1820:17th century
1705:
1662:Quattrocento
1652:
1610:
1533:
1436:
1366:Late antique
1250:Severe style
1240:Black-figure
1127:Contemporary
1059:
1041:
1034:
973:
966:
952:
941:
934:Jack Burnham
925:
901:
896:
888:
883:
875:
870:
862:
857:
847:
828:
818:27 September
816:. Retrieved
812:the original
801:
793:
781:
764:
751:, pp. 17–18.
740:
735:
719:
711:
699:
695:
679:
674:
662:
628:Software art
573:Computer art
548:
528:
498:
492:
473:
470:Systemic art
456:condensation
427:
421:
408:
404:
400:
394:
388:
356:
347:
323:
315:
312:Jack Burnham
307:
284:Robert Breer
269:
251:
234:Agnes Martin
214:Bruce Nauman
183:
179:Frank Stella
176:
168:Frank Stella
151:
117:
102:
98:
95:systemic art
94:
90:
84:
78:
72:
66:
60:
43:
42:
29:
4865:Digital art
4688:Peter Senge
4683:John Seddon
4673:Qian Xuesen
4608:George Klir
4411:Engineering
4348:Cybernetics
4330:Theoretical
4280:Recommender
4270:Multi-agent
4265:Information
4036:Digital art
3999:Avant-garde
3940:Superstroke
3816:Flat design
3811:Fictive art
3806:Excessivism
3754:Art for art
3749:Altermodern
3691:Taring Padi
3626:Lowbrow art
3594:Pliontanism
3531:Yoru no Kai
3484:Process art
3424:Systems art
3394:Arte Povera
3316:Antipodeans
3225:in New York
3195:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
3158:Color field
3027:Regionalism
2996:Aeropittura
2985:Neo-Fauvism
2958:Neues Sehen
2928:Kinetic art
2792:Suprematism
2766:Synchromism
2683:Noucentisme
2604:Primitivism
2592:Art Nouveau
2547:Cloisonnism
2537:Pointillism
2532:Divisionism
2510:Incoherents
2471:Art pottery
2357:(1863–1944)
2307:Macchiaioli
2282:Biedermeier
2270:Historicism
2255:Orientalism
2196:Romanticism
2167:Akita ranga
2019:Art of the
2004:Picturesque
1956:Chinoiserie
1951:Frederician
1789:Tudor court
1684:Cinquecento
1625:Renaissance
1612:Mappa mundi
1596:cartography
1488:Carolingian
1483:Merovingian
1466:Palaeologan
1438:RepoblaciĂłn
1395:Anglo-Saxon
1326:Gallo-Roman
1265:Hellenistic
1260:Kerch style
1198:Minyan ware
953:M/C journal
704:Art+Auction
667:Systems art
593:Fractal art
539:Minimal art
507:Kinetic art
499:Systems art
488:Minimal art
432:serendipity
376:Process art
370:Process art
308:Cybernetica
280:Gordon Pask
222:Donald Judd
132:the Bauhaus
86:process art
48:cybernetics
44:Systems art
4839:Categories
4703:Eric Trist
4558:Fred Emery
4455:Scientists
4431:Psychology
4426:Philosophy
4255:Ecological
4240:Biological
4083:Jewish art
3895:Passionism
3855:iPhone art
3801:Cyborg art
3796:Crypto art
3769:Brandalism
3661:Cyberdelic
3526:Tropicália
3499:Street art
3454:Intermedia
3434:Minimalism
3153:Spatialism
3107:Postmodern
2963:Surrealism
2831:Shin-hanga
2671:Die BrĂĽcke
2639:Sonderbund
2552:Synthetism
2275:Revivalism
2184:Transition
2141:Manichaean
1987:Adam style
1908:Classicism
1847:in Utrecht
1775:Still life
1505:Romanesque
1461:Macedonian
1456:Iconoclast
1415:Visigothic
1321:Republican
1275:Indo-Greek
1245:Red-figure
1062:, 3rd. ed.
688:0199239665
655:References
551:serial art
520:Screenshot
495:Serial art
350:(2008) by
304:Roy Ascott
257:tape loops
230:Carl Andre
226:Dan Flavin
218:Sol LeWitt
120:minimalism
4368:Systemics
4145:Shock art
4135:Queer art
4115:NaĂŻve art
4098:Modernism
3930:Superflat
3920:Sound art
3900:Post-YBAs
3885:Neomodern
3726:Verdadism
3696:Superflat
3545:1970–1999
3509:in the US
3429:Video art
3352:Happening
3325:1960–1969
3117:1945–1959
2780:1915–1944
2771:Vorticism
2723:A Nyolcak
2585:1900–1914
2557:Les Nabis
2488:Symbolism
2444:Amsterdam
2394:Japonisme
2364:1863–1899
2326:in Greece
2186:to modern
2031:Caribbean
1976:Goût grec
1898:Capriccio
1852:Tenebrism
1801:Turquerie
1699:Mannerism
1594:Medieval
1451:Byzantine
1432:Mozarabic
1383:Ethiopian
1287:Neo-Attic
1270:"Baroque"
1255:Classical
1225:Geometric
1203:Mycenaean
1150:(Western)
1148:Premodern
1119:Premodern
1042:Grey Room
613:Media art
518:ASCII art
516:Newskool
480:geometric
194:Eva Hesse
144:zeitgeist
56:art world
4799:Category
4401:Dynamics
4391:Analysis
4294:Concepts
4260:Economic
4175:Category
4125:Portrait
4046:Folk art
3994:Anti-art
3925:Stuckism
3838:Idea art
3759:Art game
3711:Artivism
3599:Punk art
3577:Sots Art
3562:Artscene
3419:Land art
3357:Neo-Dada
3289:Lettrism
3183:Nuagisme
3168:Tachisme
3049:Nazi art
2842:De Stijl
2756:Rayonism
2746:Art Deco
2734:Futurism
2525:Luminism
2493:Romanian
2478:Tonalism
2449:Canadian
2427:American
2333:Neo-Grec
1941:Rocaille
1770:Romanism
1704:Counter-
1638:Trecento
1578:Duecento
1568:Crusades
1500:Ottonian
1478:Frankish
1358:Medieval
1341:Trajanic
1301:Scythian
1296:Etruscan
1188:Cycladic
1166:Thracian
1068:, in de
942:Artforum
936:(1968),
927:Leonardo
849:Leonardo
805:Source:
766:Leonardo
561:See also
460:freezing
136:Mondrian
128:Malevich
58:itself.
4855:Systems
4823:Commons
4406:Ecology
4396:Biology
4275:Nervous
4245:Complex
4140:Realism
3737:present
3464:Nut Art
3267:Pop art
3205:Mono-ha
3073:The Ten
3022:Kapists
2968:Iranian
2921:Bauhaus
2715:Orphism
2661:Fauvism
2498:Russian
2388:Nihonga
2302:Verismo
2287:Realism
2221:Purismo
2134:Moorish
2129:Islamic
2036:Haitian
1827:Baroque
1706:Maniera
1590:Mudéjar
1515:Spanish
1427:Pictish
1410:Lombard
1405:Insular
1346:Severan
1311:Gaulish
1306:Iberian
1235:Archaic
1178:Nuragic
1158:Ancient
1141:periods
1035:Systems
891:p. 197.
555:ABC art
164:Al Held
4811:Portal
4436:Theory
4332:fields
4285:Social
4225:System
4088:Kitsch
3947:Toyism
3439:Fluxus
3369:Op art
2938:Mingei
2872:Stupid
2850:Purism
2705:Cubism
2354:Modern
2146:Mughal
1936:Rococo
1541:Gothic
1522:Norman
1446:Viking
1400:Hunnic
1378:Coptic
1193:Minoan
1183:Aegean
1171:Dacian
1123:Modern
980:
951:, in:
940:, in:
908:
747:
726:
686:
583:Design
505:, and
450:, and
413:ritual
166:, and
134:, and
101:, and
4228:types
3735:2000–
3178:COBRA
2172:Uki-e
2162:Japan
2151:Qajar
1510:Mosan
1316:Roman
1210:Greek
792:, in
462:, or
452:latex
409:doing
405:craft
4775:List
4024:Icon
3347:ZERO
3105:and
3002:Asso
2826:Dada
2383:YĹŤga
1125:and
978:ISBN
906:ISBN
820:2007
745:ISBN
724:ISBN
684:ISBN
448:felt
436:Dada
403:and
298:and
286:and
126:via
50:and
4235:Art
1023:, "
1013:, "
1003:, "
989:, "
771:doi
490:".
466:".
444:wax
401:art
4841::
1121:,
1058:.
1033:,
839:^
756:^
501:,
497:,
458:,
446:,
387:,
274:,
259:,
255:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
200:,
196:,
174:.
162:,
130:,
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97:,
93:,
89:,
83:,
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71:,
4442:)
4438:(
4209:e
4202:t
4195:v
1139:/
1111:e
1104:t
1097:v
912:.
822:.
773::
730:.
690:.
20:)
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