Knowledge (XXG)

Lipid-lowering agent

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151:(resins, e.g. cholestyramine) are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C by sequestering the cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the intestine and preventing their reabsorption from the intestine. It decreases LDL by 15–30% and raises HDL by 3–5%, with little effect on triglycerides, but can cause a slight increase. Bile acid sequestrants may cause gastrointestinal problems and may also reduce the absorption of other drugs and vitamins from the gut. 1910: 1931: 109:(HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are particularly well suited for lowering LDL, the cholesterol with the strongest links to vascular diseases. In studies using standard doses, statins have been found to lower LDL-C by 18% to 55%, depending on the specific statin being used. A risk exists of muscle damage ( 512:"A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of Pycnogenol and BacopaCDRI08 herbal medicines on cognitive, cardiovascular, and biochemical functioning in cognitively healthy elderly people: the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) study protocol (ANZCTR12611000487910)" 127:. Fibrates typically lower triglycerides by 20% to 50%. Level of the good cholesterol HDL is also increased. Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins. Similar to statins, the risk of muscle damage exists. 214:
may be found naturally in plants. Similar to ezetimibe, phytosterols reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut, so they are most effective when consumed with meals. However, their precise mechanism of action differs from
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Stough, Con K; Pase, Matthew P; Cropley, Vanessa; Myers, Stephen; Nolidin, Karen; King, Rebecca; Camfield, David; Wesnes, Keith; Pipingas, Andrew; Croft, Kevin; Chang, Dennis; Scholey, Andrew B (December 2012).
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Schulze, Friedrich; Glos, Sabrina; Petruschka, Dörte; Altenburg, Christiane; Maas, Renke; Benndorf, Ralf; Schwedhelm, Edzard; Beil, Ulrich; Böger, Rainer H. (May 2009).
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Ahangarpour, Akram; Heidari, Hamid; Fatemeh, Ramezani Ali Akbari; Pakmehr, Mostafa; Shahbazian, Hajeye; Ahmadi, Iraj; Mombeini, Zahra; Mehrangiz, Babadi Hajani (2014).
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is the natural source from which statins were discovered, but the FDA currently disallows any RYR with significant amounts of statin to be sold as a dietary supplement
1968: 1919: 117:) with statins. Hypercholesterolemia is not a risk factor for mortality in persons older than 70 years and risks from statin drugs are more increased after age 85. 932: 1713: 53:). The American Heart Association recommends the descriptor 'lipid lowering agent' be used for this class of drugs rather than the term 'hypolipidemic'. 61:
The several classes of lipid lowering drugs may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some may lower
133:, like fibrates, is also well suited for lowering triglycerides by 20–50%. It may also lower LDL by 5–25% and increase HDL by 15–35%. Niacin may cause 2635: 2220: 910: 164: 85:
functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In the United States, this is guided by the
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Wójcicki, J.; Pawlik, A.; Samochowiec, L.; Kaldo??Ska, M.; Myśliwiec, Z. (1995). "Clinical evaluation of lecithin as a lipid-lowering agent".
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supplements taken at high doses can reduce levels of triglycerides. They are associated with a very modest increase in LDL (~5%).
749:"Effect of Boswellia serrata supplementation on blood lipid, hepatic enzymes and fructosamine levels in type2 diabetic patients" 1954: 1469: 925: 90: 2733: 299: 1168: 839:"Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude of effect depend on food type" 2224: 1990: 950: 2706: 1779: 281: 800:"L-Arginine enhances the triglyceride-lowering effect of simvastatin in patients with elevated plasma triglycerides" 723:"Pharmanex Inc. v. Shalala, United States District Court, D. Utah, Central Division Mar 1, 2001 Case No. 2:97CV262K" 1429: 918: 837:
Kristensen, M; Jensen, MG; Aarestrup, J; Petersen, KE; Søndergaard, L; Mikkelsen, MS; Astrup, A (3 February 2012).
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has been shown to effectively decrease cholesterol concentration by 33%, lower LDL by 38% and increase HDL by 46%.
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that are used to lower the level of lipids and lipoproteins, such as cholesterol, in the blood (
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may enhance the effects of a Statin, but will not lead to a reduction in cholesterol alone.
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Koppen, Laura M.; Whitaker, Andrea; Rosene, Audrey; Beckett, Robert D. (October 2017).
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FDA approves new orphan drug Kynamro to treat inherited cholesterol disorder
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Cicero, Arrigo F. G.; Fogacci, Federica; Zambon, Alberto (9 February 2021).
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Succinobucol (AGI-1067), a novel antioxidant, failed a phase-III trial.
224: 120: 2195: 2104: 2003: 1533: 1196: 186: 106: 69:(HDL). Clinically, the choice of an agent depends on the patient's 2095: 1833: 1543: 1038: 614:
Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine
170: 274:(cholesteryl ester transfer protein), 1 candidate is in trials. ( 1537: 1950: 914: 412:, AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine 659:"Red Yeast Rice for Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Focus Seminar" 439:
Gugliano RP, Desai NR, Kohli P et al Lancet 2012; 380:2007-17
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AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Retrieved 31 January 2013
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is a selective inhibitor of dietary cholesterol absorption.
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Koren MJ, Scott R, Kim JB et al Lancet 2012; 380:1995-2006
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Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
563:"Berberine--a novel approach to cholesterol lowering" 400:"Ten Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" 2598: 2537: 2506: 2468: 2425: 2405: 2322: 2312: 2303: 2275: 2252: 2219: 2170: 2103: 2094: 2030: 1998: 1989: 1860: 1832: 1788: 1597: 1532: 1495: 1443: 1356: 1300: 1260: 1217: 1101: 1037: 949: 889:F.D.A. Approves Genetic Drug to Treat Rare Disease 267:Investigational classes of hypolipidemic agents: 145:is also associated with a modest decrease in LDL. 338:Alenghat, Francis J.; Davis, Andrew M. (2019). 89:guideline most recently updated in 2018 by the 1962: 926: 891:The New York Times, Retrieved 31 January 2013 663:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 8: 941:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the 753:Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders 2319: 2309: 2100: 1995: 1969: 1955: 1947: 933: 919: 911: 2636:Magnesium pyridoxal 5-phosphate glutamate 864: 854: 774: 764: 682: 633: 537: 527: 371: 298:(approved by the FDA in 2013 homozygous 165:microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 567:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 330: 1920:Pharmacological classification systems 1287:Selective estrogen receptor modulators 1567:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 7: 185:) They are used in combination with 1180:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 804:Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) 887:Pollack, Andrew (29 January 2013) 25: 2000:Cholesterol absorption inhibitors 340:"Management of Blood Cholesterol" 1929: 1909: 1908: 308:, an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor 195:(withdrawn in several countries) 33:, also sometimes referred to as 1317:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones 485:"Omega-3 Supplements: In Depth" 91:American College of Cardiology 1: 1069:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics 300:familial hypercholesterolemia 1780:Wakefulness-promoting agents 816:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.04.004 177:for refractory cases. (e.g. 282:Squalene synthase inhibitor 2750: 1430:Intravenous immunoglobulin 843:Nutrition & Metabolism 675:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.056 95:American Heart Association 39:cholesterol-lowering drugs 2684: 2651:Omega−3-acid ethyl esters 1904: 579:10.1517/13543784.14.5.683 561:Doggrell, SA (May 2005). 43:antihyperlipidemic agents 2550:Bempedoic acid/ezetimibe 2171:Niacin and derivatives ( 1485:Topoisomerase inhibitors 1169:renin–angiotensin system 1163:Calcium channel blockers 900:Staff (29 January 2013) 626:10.1177/2156587216687695 141:. The niacin derivative 67:high density lipoprotein 2575:Fenofibrate/simvastatin 2570:Fenofibrate/pravastatin 2545:Amlodipine/atorvastatin 766:10.1186/2251-6581-13-29 529:10.1186/1475-2891-11-11 407:: an initiative of the 294:Apoprotein-B inhibitor 63:low density lipoprotein 45:are a diverse group of 2560:Ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 2555:Ezetimibe/atorvastatin 2032:Bile acid sequestrants 1277:Hormonal contraception 1207:Bile acid sequestrants 988:Proton-pump inhibitors 951:gastrointestinal tract 463:10.1002/ptr.2650090814 356:10.1001/jama.2019.0015 149:Bile acid sequestrants 2565:Ezetimibe/simvastatin 1978:Lipid-lowering agents 856:10.1186/1743-7075-9-8 451:Phytotherapy Research 175:monoclonal antibodies 31:Lipid-lowering agents 2734:Hypolipidemic agents 2606:Alipogene tiparvovec 2332:Aluminium clofibrate 2191:Aluminium nicotinate 1886:Radiopharmaceuticals 1674:Antiparkinson agents 125:hypertriglyceridemia 35:hypolipidemic agents 2342:Choline fenofibrate 1669:Antimigraine agents 1659:Antidementia agents 1562:Anti-inflammatories 1252:Medicated dressings 1192:Antihyperlipidemics 1019:Diabetes medication 137:and may also cause 75:cardiovascular risk 71:cholesterol profile 2711:Never to phase III 2590:Niacin/simvastatin 2580:Niacin/laropiprant 1522:Immunosuppressants 1392:Antimycobacterials 1348:Antithyroid agents 1332:Mineralocorticoids 1136:Cardiac stimulants 1126:Cardiac glycosides 1118:cardiac therapy / 1014:Anti-obesity drugs 123:are indicated for 18:Antilipemic agents 2721: 2720: 2585:Niacin/lovastatin 2533: 2532: 2421: 2420: 2299: 2298: 2254:ATP citrate lyase 2211:Nicotinyl alcohol 2109:HMG-CoA reductase 2090: 2089: 1944: 1943: 1847:Ophthalmologicals 1557:Anabolic steroids 1460:Anticancer agents 1423:Ectoparasiticides 1143:Antihypertensives 1091:Antifibrinolytics 516:Nutrition Journal 398:(February 2014), 246:Boswellia serrata 27:Fat reducing drug 16:(Redirected from 2741: 2470:PCSK9 inhibitors 2320: 2310: 2101: 1996: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1948: 1933: 1912: 1911: 1896:Senotherapeutics 1750:Neuroprotectives 1745:Mood stabilizers 1644:Anti-ADHD agents 1584:Muscle relaxants 1517:Immunostimulants 1512:Immunomodulators 1344:Thyroid hormones 1282:Fertility agents 1185:Renin inhibitors 1076:Antihemorrhagics 1043:forming organs ( 1029:Dietary minerals 935: 928: 921: 912: 905: 898: 892: 885: 879: 878: 868: 858: 834: 828: 827: 795: 789: 788: 778: 768: 744: 738: 737: 735: 733: 719: 713: 712: 686: 654: 648: 647: 637: 605: 599: 598: 558: 552: 551: 541: 531: 506: 500: 499: 497: 496: 481: 475: 474: 446: 440: 437: 431: 428: 422: 420: 419: 417: 392: 386: 385: 375: 335: 21: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2701:Clinical trials 2680: 2594: 2529: 2502: 2464: 2427:CETP inhibitors 2417: 2401: 2295: 2286:Dextrothyroxine 2271: 2248: 2215: 2166: 2086: 2026: 1985: 1975: 1945: 1940: 1936:Medicine portal 1900: 1856: 1828: 1823: 1815:Cough medicines 1810:Bronchodilators 1791: 1784: 1664:Antidepressants 1654:Anticonvulsants 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2283: 2281: 2278: 2277:Thyromimetics 2274: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2074:Soluble fiber 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064:Colestyramine 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1805:Decongestants 1803: 1802: 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1355: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1262:genitourinary 1259: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242:Antipruritics 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1158:Beta blockers 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1100: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1059:Antiplatelets 1057: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 989: 986: 984: 977: 975: 972: 971: 970: 967: 966: 964: 961: 957: 952: 948: 944: 936: 931: 929: 924: 922: 917: 916: 913: 903: 897: 894: 890: 884: 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96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 56: 54: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 19: 2676:Volanesorsen 2538:Combinations 2510:inhibitors ( 2352:Clinofibrate 2347:Ciprofibrate 2256:inhibitors ( 2223:inhibitors ( 2206:Nicofuranose 2157:Rosuvastatin 2147:Pitavastatin 2127:Cerivastatin 2122:Atorvastatin 1719:Psychedelics 1689:Aphrodisiacs 1363:infestations 1339:Sex hormones 1292:Sex hormones 1237:Cicatrizants 1167: 1153:Vasodilators 1120:antianginals 1117: 969:stomach acid 968: 896: 883: 846: 842: 832: 807: 803: 793: 756: 752: 742: 730:. Retrieved 726: 717: 684:11585/827471 666: 662: 652: 617: 613: 603: 573:(5): 683–5. 570: 566: 556: 519: 515: 504: 493:. Retrieved 491:. 2018-05-01 488: 479: 454: 450: 444: 435: 426: 414:, retrieved 403: 390: 347: 343: 333: 319:ATC code C10 266: 257:Flaxseed oil 212:Phytosterols 139:liver damage 60: 42: 38: 34: 30: 29: 2697:from market 2656:Policosanol 2631:Lapaquistat 2611:Azacosterol 2488:Bococizumab 2460:Torcetrapib 2455:Obicetrapib 2450:Evacetrapib 2445:Dalcetrapib 2440:Anacetrapib 2392:Ronifibrate 2387:Pemafibrate 2377:Gemfibrozil 2372:Fenofibrate 2337:Bezafibrate 2244:Mitratapide 2234:Dirlotapide 2162:Simvastatin 2152:Pravastatin 2132:Fluvastatin 2082:glucomannan 2049:Colesevelam 1852:Otologicals 1824:antagonists 1790:respiratory 1765:Orexigenics 1760:Neurotoxins 1709:Euphoriants 1699:Entactogens 1694:Depressants 1684:Anxiolytics 1622:Anesthetics 1398:Antifungals 995:Antiemetics 983:antagonists 276:Anacetrapib 200:Alternative 101:Established 2671:Triparanol 2646:Mipomersen 2626:Darapladib 2621:Benfluorex 2616:Azalanstat 2525:Evinacumab 2498:Inclisiran 2493:Evolocumab 2483:Alirocumab 2397:Simfibrate 2367:Etofibrate 2362:Clofibride 2357:Clofibrate 2291:Resmetirom 2239:Lomitapide 2201:Niceritrol 2142:Mevastatin 2137:Lovastatin 2059:Colestipol 2054:Colestilan 2017:Hyzetimibe 1775:Stimulants 1755:Nootropics 1729:Deliriants 1704:Entheogens 1639:Anorectics 1617:Analgesics 1470:Alkylating 1403:Antivirals 1358:infections 1232:Emollients 1086:Coagulants 956:metabolism 495:2021-02-02 325:References 296:mipomersen 251:L-arginine 230:Pycnogenol 215:ezetimibe. 183:Inclisiran 179:Evolocumab 167:inhibitor. 161:Lomitapide 77:, and the 2707:Phase III 2695:Withdrawn 2382:Nafenopin 2069:Colextran 2022:SCH-48461 2012:Ezetimibe 1925:ATC codes 1891:Dressings 1876:Antidotes 1740:Sedatives 1736:Hypnotics 1445:malignant 1302:endocrine 1148:Diuretics 1081:Platelets 1041:and blood 1000:Laxatives 759:(1): 29. 709:231803755 693:0735-1097 522:(1): 11. 364:0098-7484 235:Berberine 155:Ezetimibe 2728:Category 2666:Tiadenol 2661:Probucol 2641:Meglutol 2413:GW501516 2324:Fibrates 2186:Acipimox 2078:psyllium 2076:such as 1991:GI tract 1770:Serenics 1435:Vaccines 1202:Fibrates 1024:Vitamins 974:Antacids 875:22305169 824:19555809 785:24495344 727:Casetext 701:33538260 644:29228784 587:15926873 548:22390677 471:71032494 416:20 April 382:30715135 313:See also 263:Research 206:Lecithin 193:Probucol 143:acipimox 121:Fibrates 111:myopathy 2508:ANGPTL3 2105:Statins 1627:General 1534:muscles 1503:L03–L04 1499:disease 1451:L01–L02 1447:disease 1197:Statins 866:3307491 776:3929136 732:21 June 635:5871262 595:1708378 539:3310777 373:6679800 225:Choline 219:Omega-3 187:statins 107:Statins 57:Classes 2690:WHO-EM 2406:Others 2279:(VLDL) 2196:Niacin 2036:resins 2004:NPC1L1 1934:  1913:  1861:other 1792:system 1544:joints 1497:immune 1304:system 1264:system 1105:system 873:  863:  822:  783:  773:  707:  699:  691:  642:  632:  593:  585:  546:  536:  469:  380:  370:  362:  131:Niacin 93:& 83:kidney 2599:Other 2316:(LDL) 2096:Liver 1915:Drugs 1632:Local 1599:brain 1538:bones 1039:blood 849:: 8. 705:S2CID 591:S2CID 489:NCCIH 467:S2CID 171:PCSK9 163:is a 79:liver 41:, or 2225:VLDL 2221:MTTP 2175:and 2080:and 1542:and 1219:skin 871:PMID 820:PMID 781:PMID 734:2019 697:PMID 689:ISSN 640:PMID 583:PMID 544:PMID 418:2015 378:PMID 360:ISSN 344:JAMA 113:and 81:and 2516:HDL 2512:LDL 2474:LDL 2431:HDL 2258:LDL 2177:LDL 2173:HDL 2113:LDL 2040:LDL 1982:C10 1863:ATC 1601:and 1360:and 861:PMC 851:doi 812:doi 771:PMC 761:doi 679:hdl 671:doi 630:PMC 622:doi 575:doi 534:PMC 524:doi 459:doi 368:PMC 352:doi 348:321 302:.). 2730:: 2703:: 2111:, 2002:, 1738:/ 1536:, 1386:: 1375:QI 1373:, 1369:, 1346:/ 1007:/ 954:/ 869:. 859:. 845:. 841:. 818:. 808:29 806:. 802:. 779:. 769:. 757:13 755:. 751:. 725:. 703:. 695:. 687:. 677:. 667:77 665:. 661:. 638:. 628:. 618:22 616:. 612:. 589:. 581:. 571:14 569:. 565:. 542:. 532:. 520:11 518:. 514:. 487:. 465:. 453:. 402:, 376:. 366:. 358:. 346:. 342:. 181:, 97:. 73:, 37:, 2518:) 2514:/ 2476:) 2472:( 2433:) 2429:( 2260:) 2227:) 2179:) 2115:) 2107:( 2042:) 2038:( 2034:/ 1984:) 1980:( 1970:e 1963:t 1956:v 1869:) 1867:V 1865:( 1840:) 1838:S 1836:( 1822:1 1820:H 1798:) 1796:R 1794:( 1610:) 1608:N 1606:( 1550:) 1548:M 1546:( 1540:, 1505:) 1501:( 1453:) 1449:( 1394:) 1390:( 1377:) 1371:P 1367:J 1365:( 1310:) 1308:H 1306:( 1270:) 1268:G 1266:( 1225:) 1223:D 1221:( 1111:) 1109:C 1107:( 1047:) 1045:B 981:2 979:H 962:) 960:A 958:( 934:e 927:t 920:v 877:. 853:: 847:9 826:. 814:: 787:. 763:: 736:. 711:. 681:: 673:: 646:. 624:: 597:. 577:: 550:. 526:: 498:. 473:. 461:: 455:9 421:. 384:. 354:: 189:. 20:)

Index

Antilipemic agents
pharmaceuticals
hyperlipidemia
low density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein
cholesterol profile
cardiovascular risk
liver
kidney
evidence-based
American College of Cardiology
American Heart Association
Statins
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
Fibrates
hypertriglyceridemia
Niacin
hyperglycemia
liver damage
acipimox
Bile acid sequestrants
Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
PCSK9
monoclonal antibodies
Evolocumab
Inclisiran
statins

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