305:
Douglas J.; Kim, Alexander M.; Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Lawson, Ann Marie; Olalde, Iñigo; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Potter, Ben A.; Raff, Jennifer; Sattler, Robert A.; Skoglund, Pontus; Stewardson, Kristin; Vajda, Edward J.; Vasilyev, Sergey; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta; Hayes, M. Geoffrey; O’Rourke, Dennis H.; Krause, Johannes; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David; Schiffels, Stephan (2019).
208:
Douglas J.; Kim, Alexander M.; Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Lawson, Ann Marie; Olalde, Iñigo; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Potter, Ben A.; Raff, Jennifer; Sattler, Robert A.; Skoglund, Pontus; Stewardson, Kristin; Vajda, Edward J.; Vasilyev, Sergey; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta; Hayes, M. Geoffrey; O’Rourke, Dennis H.; Krause, Johannes; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David; Schiffels, Stephan (2019).
304:
Flegontov, Pavel; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Changmai, Piya; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Adamski, Nicole; Bolnick, Deborah A.; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Candilio, Francesca; Culleton, Brendan J.; Flegontova, Olga; Friesen, T. Max; Jeong, Choongwon; Harper, Thomas K.; Keating, Denise; Kennett,
207:
Flegontov, Pavel; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Changmai, Piya; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Adamski, Nicole; Bolnick, Deborah A.; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Candilio, Francesca; Culleton, Brendan J.; Flegontova, Olga; Friesen, T. Max; Jeong, Choongwon; Harper, Thomas K.; Keating, Denise; Kennett,
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1535:
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cultures in Alaska, and the Saqqaq, Independence, Pre-Dorset, and Dorset cultures in the
Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The ASTt source has been argued to lie in the
186:
Flegontov, Pavel; Altinişik, N. Ezgi; Changmai, Piya; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; et al. (2017-10-13). "Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North
America".
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95:
populations. While some of the groups were fairly nomadic, more permanent, sod-roofed homes have also been identified from Arctic Small Tool tradition sites.
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47:. ASTt groups were the first human occupants of Arctic Canada and Greenland. This was a terrestrial entity that had a highly distinctive toolkit based on
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306:
209:
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998:
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1103:
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Grønnow, Bjarne (2012). "The
Backbone of the Saqqaq Culture: A Study of the Nonmaterial Dimensions of the Early Arctic Small Tool Tradition".
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158:(ca. 1600—500 BC). The sites are mostly coastal and contain pottery similar to that of Siberia. This culture expanded as far as the
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1128:
978:
933:
377:
Bielawski, E. (January 1988). "Paleoeskimo
Variability: The Early Arctic Small-Tool Tradition in the Central Canadian Arctic".
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archeological cultures are grouped under the Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt), and include the
Denbigh, Choris, Norton, and
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Stewart, Henry (1989). "The Arctic Small Tool tradition and early
Canadian Arctic Palaeo-Eskimo cultures".
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75:. Many researchers also assume that it was Arctic Small Tool populations who first introduced the
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According to Pavel
Flegontov, ASTt may have originated in East Siberia about 5,000 years ago,
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material culture. ASTt camps are often found along coasts and streams, to take advantage of
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The Arctic Small Tool tradition includes a number of cultural groups, including the
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307:"Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America"
210:"Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America"
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The earliest form of the Norton tradition of Alaska is known as the
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31:(ASTt) was a broad cultural entity that developed along the
150:
sequence of East
Siberia, dated to 6,500 – 2,800 calBP."
409:. Thames & Hudson, London. 2005, p. 179-81.
114:
in southern
Greenland. The ASTt was followed by the
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1287:
819:
548:
169:Genetic DNA studies also support the connections.
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8:
421:(2). University of Wisconsin Press: 58–71.
491:
477:
469:
59:and side and end blades used in composite
999:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
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252:
191:
385:(1). Cambridge University Press: 52–74.
283:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 42.
178:
7:
274:
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1470:Norse colonization of North America
39:, and on the eastern shores of the
25:
1567:Native American history of Alaska
463:"The Arctic Small Tool tradition"
67:made of other materials, such as
1562:Archaic period in North America
1490:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
442:(2). Université Laval: 69–101.
51:. Typically tool types include
1:
465:. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
83:, that eventually became the
1455:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
1405:Eastern Agricultural Complex
839:Bandelier National Monument
713:List of Mississippian sites
500:Pre-Columbian North America
29:Arctic Small Tool tradition
18:Arctic Small Tool tradition
1588:
1259:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
864:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
573:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
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1500:Three Sisters agriculture
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334:10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y
237:10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y
1039:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
598:Buttermilk Creek complex
1239:Town Creek Indian Mound
1209:Sierra de San Francisco
1064:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
281:The A to Z of the Inuit
110:in the High Arctic and
1572:Pre-Columbian cultures
894:Coso Rock Art District
781:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
684:List of Hopewell sites
279:Stern, Pamela (2009).
108:Independence I culture
1302:Arlington Springs Man
1144:Portsmouth Earthworks
407:Ancient North America
160:Mackenzie River Delta
100:Denbigh Flint Complex
49:microblade technology
1510:Transoceanic contact
1400:Container Revolution
974:Gila Cliff Dwellings
939:Etowah Indian Mounds
436:Études Inuit Studies
126:Siberian connections
1430:Green Corn Ceremony
1244:Turkey River Mounds
1034:Lake Jackson Mounds
854:Blue Spring Shelter
415:Arctic Anthropology
326:2019Natur.570..236F
229:2019Natur.570..236F
1515:Underwater panther
1189:Rosenstock Village
1059:Marmes Rockshelter
1044:L'Anse aux Meadows
379:American Antiquity
148:Ymyakhtakh culture
122:in Arctic Canada.
118:in Alaska and the
106:in Arctic Canada,
104:Pre-Dorset culture
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1541:Pre-Columbian era
1342:Spirit Cave mummy
1139:Plum Bayou Mounds
1049:Lynch Quarry Site
568:Ancient Beringian
320:(7760): 236–240.
290:978-0-8108-6822-9
223:(7760): 236–240.
16:(Redirected from
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1485:Projectile point
1322:Leanderthal Lady
1249:Upward Sun River
1224:Stallings Island
1214:Shell ring sites
1164:Recapture Canyon
1079:Moorehead Circle
924:El Fin del Mundo
909:Cueva de la Olla
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1084:Morrison Mounds
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879:Candelaria Cave
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456:External links
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405:Fagan, Brian.
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112:Saqqaq culture
85:Eskimo archery
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1327:Melbourne Man
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1312:Kennewick Man
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899:Crystal River
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766:Poverty Point
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746:Paleo-Indians
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1520:Water glyphs
1475:Oasisamerica
1465:N.A.G.P.R.A.
1425:Folsom point
1415:Effigy mound
1395:Clovis point
1363:Aridoamerica
1264:Wickiup Hill
1219:Spiro Mounds
1199:Salmon Ruins
1194:Russell Cave
989:Helen Blazes
984:Grimes Point
964:Fort Juelson
954:Fort Ancient
929:El Vallecito
889:Chaco Canyon
829:Angel Mounds
791:Steed-Kisker
741:Paleo-Arctic
663:Glacial Kame
648:Fort Ancient
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129:
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28:
26:
1505:Thunderbird
1373:Black drink
1337:Peñon woman
1274:Winterville
1254:Velda Mound
1234:Taos Pueblo
1129:Parkin Park
1114:Orwell site
1099:Nodena site
994:Holly Bluff
969:Four Mounds
959:Fort Center
884:Casa Grande
834:Anzick site
726:Monongahela
653:Fort Walton
628:Coles Creek
593:Belle Glade
578:Anishinaabe
146:-Bel’kachi-
37:Bristol Bay
1556:Categories
1450:Metallurgy
1410:Eden point
1307:Buhl Woman
1179:Rock Eagle
1169:River Styx
1094:Mummy Cave
1089:Moundville
1069:Mesa Verde
1054:Marksville
801:Tchefuncte
761:Plaquemine
697:Las Palmas
613:Calf Creek
608:Cades Pond
173:References
1495:Stickball
1184:Rock Hawk
1014:Key Marco
806:Troyville
786:St. Johns
771:Red Ocher
530:Formative
342:0028-0836
245:0028-0836
35:, around
1383:Chanunpa
1368:Ballgame
1347:Vero man
1297:Anzick-1
1269:Windover
1229:SunWatch
1159:Rassawek
979:Glenwood
869:Brewster
721:Mogollon
692:La Jolla
678:Hopewell
638:Deptford
551:cultures
448:42869667
427:24475857
360:31168094
263:31168094
53:scrapers
1532:Related
1390:Chunkey
1290:remains
1279:Wupatki
1119:Paquime
1009:Huápoca
874:Cahokia
844:Bastian
751:Patayan
673:Hohokam
658:Fremont
633:Comondú
588:Baytown
583:Avonlea
563:Alachua
535:Classic
525:Archaic
513:Periods
351:6942545
322:Bibcode
254:6942545
225:Bibcode
188:bioRxiv
144:Syalakh
140:Ipiutak
79:to the
45:2500 BC
43:around
949:Folsom
914:Cutler
849:Benson
736:Oneota
668:Glades
643:Folsom
623:Clovis
520:Lithic
446:
425:
399:281154
397:
358:
348:
340:
314:Nature
287:
261:
251:
243:
217:Nature
190:
93:salmon
81:Arctic
73:antler
65:spears
61:arrows
57:burins
1480:Piasa
1288:Human
919:Eaker
822:sites
756:Plano
558:Adena
444:JSTOR
423:JSTOR
395:JSTOR
310:(PDF)
213:(PDF)
1440:Kiva
356:PMID
338:ISSN
285:ISBN
259:PMID
241:ISSN
162:and
89:seal
69:bone
27:The
944:Eva
387:doi
346:PMC
330:doi
318:570
249:PMC
233:doi
221:570
91:or
71:or
63:or
1558::
440:13
438:.
419:49
417:.
393:.
383:53
381:.
354:.
344:.
336:.
328:.
316:.
312:.
271:^
257:.
247:.
239:.
231:.
219:.
215:.
166:.
55:,
492:e
485:t
478:v
450:.
429:.
401:.
389::
362:.
332::
324::
293:.
265:.
235::
227::
196:.
134:"
20:)
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