29:
1060:
in 1929 and became a solicitor at
Sherborne and then later Crewkerne in the West of England. He began collecting minerals in 1927. After the war he accepted a position as a research assistant in the mineralogy department of the Oxford University Museum where he added 50 species to the list of minerals known to occur in Great Britain. Sir Arthur Edward Ian Montagu Russell was born in 1878 and became the 6th Baronet of Swallowfield Park Reading when his older brother died in 1944. Sir Arthur attended the prestigious
1297:
1309:
1059:
Arthurite is named after two people, Arthur
William Gerald Kingsbury and Sir Arthur Edward Ian Montagu Russell. Arthur Kingsbury was the son of a farmer in East Meon, Hampshire, England. He attended Bradfield College in Berkshire prior to an apprenticeship at a London law firm. He passed the bar exam
415:
Arthurite was determined to be a uniquely new mineral by R.J. Davis and M.H. Hey in 1964 after its initial discovery. A second specimen was confirmed by A.H Clark and R.H. Sillitoe (1969) from
Potrerillos, Atacama Province, Chile in 1969. Subsequently, several other arthurite-like minerals have been
1240:
Kolitsch, U., Atencio, D., Chukanov, N.V., Zubkova, N.V., Menezes Filho, L.A.D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Birch, W.D., Schlüter, J., Pohl, D., Kampf, A.R., Steele, I.M., Favreau, G., Nasdala, L., Möckel, S., Giester, G., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2010) Bendadaite, a new iron arsenate mineral of the arthurite
837:
with a = 10.189(2)Å, b = 9.649(2)Å, c = 5.598(1)Å and β = 92.16(2). The coordination polyhedron of the Cu ion is clearly tetragonally lengthened as compared to whitmoreite with the
Phosphorus (P) and Arsenic (As). Figure 1 shows the crystal structure of arthurite.
591:
Arthurite crystallizes from an aqueous solution with whichever applicable anions are accessible in the solution. These available anions may be carbonate, arsenate, sulphate and phosphate. Some other minerals belonging to the arthurite group are cobaltarthurite,
1034:
copper deposits where circulating groundwater interacts with the cooling porphyritic intrusions and their fluids to form copper-bearing minerals and copper ore deposits. The copper ore found at the
Chilean site was composed mainly of massive
1068:, London. During his life he amassed an amazing collection of minerals, many from the collections of others, but also from his own field work. When Sir Arthur died in 1964 his collection of 12,000 mineral specimens went to
1228:
Jambor, J.L., Viñals, Joan, Groat, Lee A., Raudsepp, Mati. (2002) Cobaltarthurite, Co2+Fe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4H2O, A New Member of the
Arthurite Group. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 725–732.
1253:
Raudsepp, Mati & Pani, Elisabetta. (2002) The
Crystal Structure of Cobaltarthurite, Co2+Fe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4H2O: A Rietveld Refinement. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 733–737.
1051:. The arthurite formed as thin (0.1 – 0.5 mm) and sparsely coated areas growing along the inner walls of minor fractures splitting through malachite-rich encased djurleite forms.
1194:
Palmer, S.J., Frost R.L. (2011) The structure of the mineral arthurite CuFe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4H2O – A Raman spectroscopic study. Journal of
Molecular Structure, 994, 283–288.
28:
1262:
Keller, P. & Hess, H. (1978) The crystal structure of arthurite, CuFe23+. Neues
Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte und Abhandlungen, 133, 291–302.
1359:
1069:
1003:
323:, Cornwall, England, arthurite is formed as a resultant mineral in the oxidation region of some copper deposits by the variation of
1210:
Clark, A. H. & Sillitoe, R. H. (1969) Arthurite from
Potrerillos, Atacama Province, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 519–520.
86:
316:
924:
180:
1287:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1219:
Davis, R. J. & Hey, M. H. (1969) The cell-contents of arthurite redetermined. Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 520–521.
1159:
of the arthurite group species arthurite and whitmoreite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 2003, 223–240.
1339:
1072:
in London with the stipulation that the collection not be dispersed, but remain as a British regional collection.
1349:
1006:, Department of Mineralogy by Sir Arthur Russell in 1954. The sample specimen was collected by Sir Russell from
1329:
1065:
1280:
Hart, A.D. & Symes, R.F. (1991) Arthur Edward Ian Montagu Russell. Journal of the Russell Society, 4, 1.
1023:
404:
263:
76:
1181:
1271:
Embrey, P.G. (1973) Memorial of Arthur William Gerald Kingsbury. American Mineralogist, 58, 3–4, 372–375.
1101:
748:
421:
429:
253:
203:
193:
407:(1906–1968), a British mineralogist, and Sir Arthur Russell (1878–1964), a collector of minerals.
1156:
1119:
763:
437:
808:
433:
793:
778:
480:
O. The breakdown of the composition of arthurite in weight percent oxides is given in Table 1.
445:
143:
44:
1109:
51:
692:
O. The optimal compositions of the members of the arthurite group can be represented by AFe
1313:
1301:
1179:
Davis, R. J. & Hey, M. H. (1964) Arthurite, a new copper-iron arsenate from Cornwall.
1105:
96:
1323:
1123:
1007:
170:
108:
1155:
Frost R. L., Duong L., Martens W. (2003) Molecular assembly in secondary minerals –
1061:
328:
416:
discovered. There are variations in which the copper (Cu) ions are replaced with
1031:
456:
The theoretical chemical formula of Arthurite was originally determined to be Cu
233:
126:
830:
117:
101:
1048:
1036:
425:
352:
308:
1040:
1015:
1011:
391:
383:
324:
320:
304:
290:
243:
1114:
1089:
1044:
1022:. A second sample was found in 1966 in the Potrerillos copper deposit,
1019:
342:
312:
286:
213:
448:. Arthurite is the copper-dominant end-member of the arthurite group.
417:
397:
380:
376:
365:
362:
355:
345:
332:
293:
483:
Table 1. Chemical composition of Arthurite in weight percent oxides
983:
P21/c. a = 10.189(2) b = 9.649(2) c = 5.598(1) β = 92.16(2)° Z = 2
1027:
715:
Table 2. Compositional breakdown of the arthurite group members
441:
335:
297:
300:
951:
X = colorless to pale green; Y = gray-green; Z = olive-green
238:
X = colorless to pale green; Y = gray-green; Z = olive-green
315:
ions with hydrogen and oxygen. Initially discovered by Sir
846:
Table 3. General and physical properties of arthurite
1285:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
224:
212:
202:
192:
179:
169:
161:
156:
142:
125:
107:
95:
85:
75:
50:
40:
35:
21:
967:Z > Y > X. α = 1.736 β = 1.767 γ = 1.796
268:Z > Y > X. α = 1.736 β = 1.767 γ = 1.796
1002:The first specimen on record was sent to the
8:
1241:group. Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 469–486.
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1234:
27:
1113:
319:in 1954 at Hingston Down Consols mine in
1039:deposits that strongly oxidized to form
848:
717:
485:
1292:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1080:
331:. The chemical formula of Arthurite is
18:
7:
1090:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
276:Opacity: transparent to translucent
14:
1004:British Museum of Natural History
712:O and are summarized in Table 2.
1307:
1295:
975:D(meas.) = ~3.2 D(calc.) = 3.29
943:Biaxial (+), may be biaxial (–)
428:(Mn) replaces Cu in the case of
1030:. Each of these locations have
915:acicular, prismatic, spherical
228:Biaxial (+), may be biaxial (–)
1064:and then studied chemistry at
303:in combination with trivalent
175:Acicular, prismatic, spherical
152:β = 92.16(2)°; Z = 2
1:
899:apple-green to bluish green
652:O, earlshannonite, (Mn,Fe)Fe
148:a = 10.189(2), b = 9.649(2)
907:transparent to translucent
432:, iron (Fe) in the case of
165:Apple-green to bluish-green
1376:
1360:Minerals in space group 14
1070:The Natural History Museum
403:Arthurite is named after
26:
498:Recalculated Percentage
1182:Mineralogical Magazine
1094:Mineralogical Magazine
672:O and bendadaite, FeFe
495:Theoretical Percentage
405:Arthur W. G. Kingsbury
420:(Co), in the case of
273:Other characteristics
87:Strunz classification
829:Arthurite is of the
444:(Zn) in the case of
220:D(calculated) = 3.29
1355:Monoclinic minerals
1115:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1106:2021MinM...85..291W
1088:Warr, L.N. (2021).
998:Geologic occurrence
842:Physical properties
612:O, whitmoreite FeFe
150:c = 5.598(1)
1345:Phosphate minerals
1335:Iron(III) minerals
1157:Raman spectroscopy
959:Y = b; Z ^ c = 10
632:O, ojuelaite, ZnFe
264:Absorption spectra
225:Optical properties
218:D(measured) = ~3.2
1340:Arsenate minerals
1055:Biographic sketch
995:
994:
822:
821:
589:
588:
280:
279:
121:
45:Arsenate minerals
1367:
1350:Sulfate minerals
1312:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1160:
1153:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1085:
1024:Atacama Province
1010:Consols mine in
860:Chemical formula
849:
718:
486:
185:
115:
113:Prismatic (2/m)
57:
56:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
16:Arsenate mineral
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1330:Copper minerals
1320:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1178:
1163:
1154:
1131:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1057:
1000:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
844:
836:
833:space group: P2
827:
749:cobaltarthurite
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
565:
548:
544:
527:
523:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
422:cobaltarthurite
413:
396:
389:
374:
370:
360:
350:
340:
219:
183:
151:
149:
137:
114:
70:
66:
63:
55:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1243:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1196:
1187:
1185:, 33, 937–941.
1161:
1129:
1100:(3): 291–320.
1079:
1077:
1074:
1066:King's College
1056:
1053:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:2V calculation
985:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
945:
944:
941:
937:
936:
933:
929:
928:
921:
917:
916:
913:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
893:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
856:
853:
843:
840:
834:
826:
823:
820:
819:
817:
814:
811:
805:
804:
802:
799:
796:
794:earlshannonite
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
775:
774:
772:
769:
766:
760:
759:
757:
754:
751:
745:
744:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
574:
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
521:
518:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
493:
490:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
430:earlshannonite
412:
409:
394:
387:
372:
368:
358:
348:
338:
317:Arthur Russell
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
260:
259:
256:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
186:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
157:Identification
154:
153:
146:
140:
139:
135:
129:
123:
122:
111:
105:
104:
99:
97:Crystal system
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1289:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:Hingston Down
1005:
997:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
946:
942:
940:Optical Class
939:
938:
934:
931:
930:
926:
922:
919:
918:
914:
911:
910:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
894:
862:
859:
858:
854:
851:
850:
847:
841:
839:
832:
824:
818:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
568:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
491:
488:
487:
484:
481:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
410:
408:
406:
401:
399:
393:
385:
382:
378:
367:
364:
357:
354:
347:
344:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
217:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
172:
171:Crystal habit
168:
164:
160:
155:
147:
145:
141:
133:
130:
128:
124:
119:
112:
110:
109:Crystal class
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
59:
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1224:
1215:
1190:
1180:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1062:Eton College
1058:
1001:
845:
828:
714:
590:
482:
455:
414:
411:Introduction
402:
329:arsenopyrite
289:composed of
282:
281:
208:not reported
131:
1032:porphyritic
1026:, northern
980:Space group
956:Orientation
948:Pleochroism
764:whitmoreite
452:Composition
438:whitmoreite
234:Pleochroism
127:Space group
1324:Categories
1076:References
964:Absorption
831:monoclinic
809:bendadaite
730:Reference
434:bendadaite
254:Dispersion
181:Mohs scale
118:H-M symbol
102:Monoclinic
77:IMA symbol
1124:235729616
1049:malachite
1037:djurleite
935:Vitreous
852:Attribute
825:Structure
779:ojuelaite
735:arthurite
446:ojuelaite
426:manganese
309:phosphate
283:Arthurite
144:Unit cell
22:Arthurite
1314:Cornwall
1302:Minerals
1043:, minor
1041:goethite
1016:Cornwall
1012:Calstock
920:Hardness
559:Hydrogen
325:enargite
321:Calstock
305:arsenate
291:divalent
258:r > v
244:2V angle
198:vitreous
184:hardness
41:Category
1288:Portals
1102:Bibcode
1045:cuprite
1020:England
972:Density
927:scale)
904:Opacity
721:Mineral
538:Arsenic
489:Element
313:sulfate
287:mineral
214:Density
91:8.DC.15
52:Formula
36:General
1122:
932:Luster
883:(O,OH)
798:Mn, Fe
727:X-site
724:A-site
503:Copper
472:(O,OH)
418:cobalt
294:copper
204:Streak
194:Luster
116:(same
1120:S2CID
1028:Chile
991:~90°
923:3–4 (
912:Habit
896:Color
855:Data
582:96.54
572:20.6
569:17.21
554:34.8
551:34.67
533:30.1
530:32.12
512:14.5
509:16.00
492:Oxide
285:is a
162:Color
1047:and
925:Mohs
867:(AsO
863:CuFe
704:(OH)
684:(OH)
676:(AsO
664:(OH)
644:(OH)
636:(AsO
624:(OH)
604:(OH)
596:(AsO
592:CoFe
585:100
517:Iron
464:(AsO
442:zinc
440:and
436:and
311:and
301:ions
298:iron
296:and
248:~90°
60:CuFe
1110:doi
887:•4H
875:,SO
871:,PO
835:1/c
708:·4H
696:(XO
688:·4H
668:·4H
656:(PO
648:·4H
628:·4H
616:(PO
608:•4H
577:Sum
506:CuO
476:•6H
327:or
188:3–4
81:Atu
67:·4H
1326::
1246:^
1233:^
1199:^
1164:^
1132:^
1118:.
1108:.
1098:85
1096:.
1092:.
1018:,
1014:,
891:O
813:Fe
783:Zn
771:As
768:Fe
756:As
753:Co
741:As
738:Cu
541:As
520:Fe
460:Fe
424:,
400:.
390:·4
343:As
336:Fe
333:Cu
307:,
138:/c
1290::
1126:.
1112::
1104::
889:2
885:2
881:2
879:)
877:4
873:4
869:4
865:2
816:P
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379:,
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361:,
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351:,
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341:(
339:2
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71:O
69:2
65:2
62:2
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