856:
844:
832:
880:
808:
868:
780:
57:
44:
314:, f. "succinea", is orange or red in colouration with 0–22 black spots of variable size. The other usual forms, f. "conspicua" and f. "spectabilis", are uniformly black with, respectively, two or four red markings. The pronotum is white with variable black patterning, ranging from a few black spots in an M formation to almost entirely black. The underside is dark with a wide reddish-brown border.
820:
1867:
587:
339:. When identification is difficult, the underside pattern usually enables a reliable conclusion. Identification is most simple for the common forms, while less common varieties may take longer to identify. They always have reddish-brown legs and are obviously brown on the underside of the abdomen, even in the
599:
has been a prominent factor in controlling aphid populations. The first introductions into the US took place as far back as 1916. The species repeatedly failed to establish in the wild after successfully controlling aphid populations, but an established population of beetles was observed in the wild near
895:
Numerous methods of control have been investigated in areas where this beetle has been introduced and causes a threat to native species and biodiversity and to the grape industry. Methods of control include insecticides, trapping, removal of aggregates of beetles, and mechanically preventing entry to
607:
within five to seven years and becoming common in the region by about 2000. The species was also established in the
Northwest by 1991, and the Northeast by 1994, aided by additional introductions from the native range, rather than just reaching there from the Southeast. Reportedly, it has heavily fed
598:
This species spread across continents because of human-mediated processes. They became established in North
America as the result of introductions into the United States in an attempt to control the spread of aphids. In the last three decades, this insect has spread throughout the US and Canada, and
772:
f. succinea is to look at the pronotum and see whether the black markings look like a letter "W" or "M". This species has more white markings on the pronotum than have most native North
American species, though this feature is not useful when attempting to separate it from species in other parts of
742:
when exposed to these beetles. Occasionally, the beetles will bite humans, presumably in an attempt to acquire salt, although many people feel a pricking sensation as a beetle walks across the skin. Bites normally do no more harm than cause irritation, although a small number of people are allergic
636:
in 2010. The populations in eastern and western North
America originated from two independent introductions from the native range. The South American and African populations both originated independently from eastern North America. The European population also originated from eastern North America,
694:
Large aggregations are often seen in autumn. The beetles have pheromones to signal to each other. However, many aggregation cues are visual, picking out sites at both long (light-coloured structures that are distinct from their surroundings) and short (pre-existing aggregations to join) distances.
648:
and stain left by their bodily fluids when frightened or crushed, as well as their tendency to bite humans. In Europe it is currently increasing to the detriment of indigenous species, its voracious appetite enabling it to outcompete and even consume other ladybirds. The harlequin ladybird is also
703:
and linger in an area for a long time. The beetles can form groups that stay in upper corners of windows. This beetle has been also found to be attracted to dark screening material for its warmth. It has good eyesight; it will return from a location to which it is removed, and is known to give a
320:
The large size of this species is usually the first clue to its identification. Despite variation, this species does not generally overlap in pronotal or elytral pattern with any other species, except in unmarked orange or red forms. In Europe it is similar to the much smaller
286:
When the species first arrived in the UK, it was labelled in jest as the "many-named ladybird" due to the great quantity of vernacular names. Among those already listed other names include multivariate, southern, Japanese, and pumpkin ladybird.
855:
843:
698:
They often congregate in sunlit areas because of the heat available, so even on fairly cold winter days, some of the hibernating beetles will "wake up" because of solar heating. Large populations can be problematic because they can form
934:(harmonine) has been isolated from its hemolymph. This molecule has been reported to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that includes human pathogens. Antibacterial activity is most pronounced against fast-growing
275:. It is now common, well known, and spreading in those regions, and has also established in Africa and widely across South America. This species is conspicuous in North America, where it may locally be known as the
903:
in private homes involve sealing openings they may enter. Sweeping and vacuuming are considered effective methods for removing them from homes, though this should be done carefully so as not to trigger
919:, allows the beetles to be "bagged" rather than collected inside the machine. A trap designed for indoor use was developed which attracts the beetles with a light and seals them in a removable bag.
695:
Non-volatile long-chain hydrocarbons laid down by previous aggregations also play a significant role in site selection. Both visual and hydrocarbon cues are more important than volatile pheromones.
1024:
1814:
Christian Rene Röhrich; Che Julius Ngwa; Jochen
Wiesner; Henrike Schmidtberg; Thomas Degenkolb; Christian Kollewe; Rainer Fischer; Gabriele Pradel; Andreas Vilcinskas (21 September 2011).
1578:
896:
buildings. Methods under development involve the investigation of natural parasites and pathogens, including the use of parasitic sexually transmitted mites and fungal diseases.
2265:
779:
653:
parasite to which it is immune, but that can infect and kill other species. Native ladybird species have experienced often dramatic declines in areas invaded by
2150:
722:
at much higher concentrations than many other ladybeetle species, along with species-/genus-specific defensive compounds such as harmonine. These insects will "
1905:
1543:
687:
becomes dormant in cooler months, though it will move around whenever the temperature reaches about 10 °C (50 °F). Because the beetles will use
879:
831:
660:
In addition to its household pest status, the harlequin has been reported to be a minor agricultural pest that is inadvertently harvested with crops in
2275:
768:
These beetles can be difficult to identify because of their variations in color, spot size, and spot count of the elytra. The easiest way to identify
2260:
2217:
2059:
657:. In 2015, it was declared the fastest invading species in the UK, spreading throughout the country after the first sighting was confirmed in 2004.
2111:
1913:
1155:
317:
However, numerous other forms have also been recorded. Extreme forms may be entirely black, or feature complex patterns of black, orange and red.
1586:
1480:
1440:
1892:
1816:"Harmonine, a defence compound from the harlequin ladybird, inhibits mycobacterial growth and demonstrates multi-stage antimalarial activity"
1100:
1074:
807:
676:. This can cause visible and sensory contamination. Contamination of grapes by this beetle has been found to alter the taste of wine.
2270:
691:
and other cool, dry, confined spaces to overwinter, significant numbers may congregate inside walls if given a large enough opening.
2255:
867:
255:. This is one of the most variable species in the world, with an exceptionally wide range of colour forms. It is native to eastern
1314:
2072:
1768:
1607:
198:
56:
2116:
981:
819:
2137:
1897:
931:
2098:
1994:
2155:
940:
2051:
2250:
1882:
603:, in about 1988. In the following years, it quickly spread to other states, being occasionally observed in the
1887:
1416:
637:
but with substantial genetic admixture with individuals of the
European biocontrol strain (estimated at 40%).
1348:
1075:"Harmonia axyridis, the invasive harlequin ladybird (Coccinellidae) establishing in London, Essex and the UK"
739:
1246:
Eric
Lombaert; Thomas Guillemaud; Jean-Marie Cornuet; Thibaut Malausa; Benoît Facon; Arnaud Estoup (2010).
2245:
1924:
600:
559:
1962:
1999:
1901:
1484:
950:
757:
151:
1163:
1533:
Gary
Pickering; James Lin; Roland Riesen; Andrew Reynolds; Ian Brindle; George Soleas (January 2004).
2020:
1971:
1871:
1638:
1488:
1261:
323:
2129:
1465:
1108:
1747:
1683:
1560:
1421:
1366:
1078:
748:
688:
177:
168:
51:
2176:
1845:
1289:
1221:
1051:
735:
335:
128:
2181:
1835:
1827:
1739:
1675:
1552:
1411:
1356:
1279:
1269:
1211:
1201:
1041:
1033:
715:
711:
641:
329:
1392:
1012:
2163:
1976:
1633:
1534:
905:
723:
645:
1265:
302:
beetle in shape and structure, being domed and having a "smooth" transition between its
2046:
1840:
1815:
1322:
1284:
1247:
1216:
1185:
669:
633:
535:
495:
311:
1654:
1046:
2239:
1772:
790:
727:
650:
609:
427:
299:
280:
260:
240:
118:
1751:
1687:
1611:
1564:
1397:(Coleoptera: Coccinellidea) on native arthropod predators on pecan and crape myrtle"
1370:
2208:
1914:
Swiss agricultural research station
Agroscope: Project on Asian lady beetle control
955:
935:
575:
411:
272:
43:
2077:
1248:"Bridgehead Effect in the Worldwide Invasion of the Biocontrol Harlequin Ladybird"
1274:
17:
2142:
2124:
2085:
1956:
1704:; Peter M. J. Brown; Peter Rothery; Remy L. Ware; Michael E. N. Majerus (2008).
1510:
945:
916:
571:
515:
1556:
649:
highly resistant to diseases that affect other ladybird species, and carries a
1743:
1730:
1679:
1666:
1361:
1162:. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University. Archived from
1017:: A review of its biology, uses in biological control, and non-target impacts"
523:
451:
415:
403:
367:
363:
1947:
2033:
1701:
719:
479:
463:
443:
375:
88:
68:
2103:
1849:
1831:
1793:
1293:
1225:
1131:"Species Harmonia axyridis - Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle - BugGuide.Net"
1055:
1986:
1866:
2202:
2007:
1941:
1252:
1037:
912:
539:
467:
447:
391:
307:
2168:
1206:
982:"Adalia, Field Guide to Ladybugs of North America on the App Store"
2222:
2064:
1878:
An extensive review of literature on the multicolored Asian lady beetle
1653:
Marc Kenis; Helen E. Roy; Renate Zindel; Michael E. N. Majerus (2008).
1425:
959:
673:
617:
604:
555:
547:
543:
531:
519:
511:
499:
471:
379:
359:
340:
2090:
2012:
1877:
1184:
Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.; Peñaherrera-Romero, Emilia (2020-11-27).
786:
567:
563:
551:
527:
507:
503:
459:
455:
439:
435:
431:
423:
399:
371:
303:
264:
108:
98:
78:
1918:
1130:
734:), a bitter taste, and can stain porous materials. Some people have
2038:
909:
794:
700:
613:
585:
491:
487:
483:
434:. The species is now established in North America (United States,
407:
395:
387:
383:
268:
2025:
798:
744:
731:
665:
661:
640:
This species is widely considered to be one of the world's most
586:
475:
419:
355:
256:
1922:
1888:
Report sightings of the harlequin ladybird in the
British Isles
1705:
310:, and head. It ranges from 5.5–8.5mm in size. The common color
752:
1893:
Report sightings of the harlequin ladybird in the Netherlands
644:, partly due to their tendency to overwinter indoors and the
1441:"Harlequin ladybirds declared UK's fastest invading species"
718:
to deter predation, and also carries this chemical in its
1417:
10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[524:IOHACC]2.0.CO;2
1101:"Harlequin Ladybird Survey - Recognition and Distinction"
930:
secretes a number of defensive compounds, one of which,
915:
placed inside the vacuum cleaner's hose, secured with a
730:. The liquid has a foul odour (similar to that of dead
1722:
in: From Biological Control to Invasion: the Ladybird
1190:(Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Ecuador"
243:
or ladybug species that is most commonly known as the
1655:"Current and potential management strategies against
612:(which recently appeared in the US after coming from
327:, while in America it is similar to the much smaller
2192:
1931:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
402:. As a voracious predator, it was identified as a
1539:on the sensory properties of white and red wine"
954:strains is also inhibited; causative agents of
726:" when agitated, releasing hemolymph from their
825:Larva (left), adult (center), and pupa (right)
279:, as it often invades homes during October to
1481:"OMAFRA Achievements in Crop Technology 2007"
1342:
1340:
8:
1794:"Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet"
710:, like other ladybeetles or ladybirds, uses
414:. Consequently, it has been introduced into
1906:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
1544:American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
761:) and other coccinellids, including fellow
2266:Insects used as insect pest control agents
1919:
1706:"Interactions between the fungal pathogen
743:to bites. Their natural predators include
259:, but has been artificially introduced to
42:
31:
1839:
1415:
1360:
1349:"Invasive ladybird has biological weapon"
1283:
1273:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1215:
1205:
1045:
1883:The multi-colored Asian lady beetle FAQ
1763:
1761:
970:
775:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1315:"Harlequin Ladybird Survey - Origins"
1013:"The multicolored Asian lady beetle,
184:
7:
2052:c20d7063-4460-4245-a210-ff9e7c0ad8b6
976:
974:
628:Worldwide routes of propagation of
1710:and three species of coccinellid:
1479:Betty Summerhayes (July 6, 2007).
932:(9Z,17R)-9-Octadecene-1,17-diamine
899:The best methods for dealing with
25:
594:specimen from northern California
426:in many countries, including the
2276:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
1865:
1579:"Multicolored Asian Ladybeetle (
1511:"Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle"
878:
866:
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
778:
55:
2261:Biological pest control beetles
253:multicoloured Asian lady beetle
1898:Multicolored Asian lady beetle
1771:. Ars.usda.gov. Archived from
1391:Russell F. Mizell III (2007).
1:
755:(including the also invasive
1439:Smith, Lewis (20 May 2015).
1275:10.1371/journal.pone.0009743
740:allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
620:vast sums of money in 2001.
2292:
1557:10.5344/ajev.2004.55.2.153
1466:"Orkin Asian Lady Beetles"
941:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
712:isopropyl methoxy pyrazine
2271:Beetles described in 1773
1744:10.1007/s10526-007-9122-0
1716:Coccinella septempunctata
1680:10.1007/s10526-007-9136-7
1362:10.1038/nature.2013.13011
1025:Journal of Insect Science
944:, and the growth of both
861:Detail of head and thorax
849:With elytra slightly open
183:
176:
157:
150:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
2256:Beetles of North America
1319:www.harlequin-survey.org
1105:www.harlequin-survey.org
704:small bite if provoked.
801:and newly emerged adult
1832:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0760
1068:Ladybird Survey page "
601:New Orleans, Louisiana
595:
560:Bosnia and Herzegovina
333:and spotless forms of
195:Coccinella bisexnotata
1902:University of Florida
1485:Government of Ontario
1186:"Invasion history of
1072:(Pallas) in Britain"
951:Plasmodium falciparum
680:Biology and behaviour
624:Worldwide propagation
616:), supposedly saving
589:
370:in the west, through
354:is native to eastern
2047:Fauna Europaea (new)
1874:at Wikimedia Commons
1639:Animal Diversity Web
1404:Florida Entomologist
632:were described with
442:), Central America (
324:Adalia decempunctata
214:Ptychanatis axyridis
2194:Coccinella axyridis
1726:as a Model Species"
1702:Helen Elizabeth Roy
1634:"Harmonia axyridis"
1491:on January 16, 2009
1325:on 18 February 2019
1266:2010PLoSO...5.9743L
1207:10.7717/peerj.10461
1090:Accessed 7 Jan 2008
1011:R. L. Koch (2003).
749:spined soldier bugs
222:Coccinella axyridis
1909:Featured Creatures
1796:. Ohioline.osu.edu
1708:Beauveria bassiana
1111:on 8 November 2011
1038:10.1093/jis/3.1.32
928:Harmonia axyridis
758:Solenopsis invicta
736:allergic reactions
716:defensive chemical
596:
458:), South America (
306:(wing coverings),
2233:
2232:
2177:Open Tree of Life
1977:Harmonia_axyridis
1963:Harmonia axyridis
1933:Harmonia axyridis
1925:Taxon identifiers
1872:Harmonia axyridis
1870:Media related to
1724:Harmonia axyridis
1720:Adalia bipunctata
1712:Harmonia axyridis
1581:Harmonia axyridis
1537:Harmonia axyridis
1395:Harmonia axyridis
1347:Yong, Ed (2013).
1188:Harmonia axyridis
1158:Harmonia axyridis
1070:Harmonia axyridis
1015:Harmonia axyridis
763:Harmonia axyridis
708:Harmonia axyridis
685:Harmonia axyridis
352:Harmonia axyridis
336:Adalia bipunctata
296:Harmonia axyridis
236:Harmonia axyridis
232:
231:
226:
218:
210:
202:
191:
161:Harmonia axyridis
36:Harmonia axyridis
27:Species of beetle
18:Asian lady beetle
16:(Redirected from
2283:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2143:NHMSYS0000712592
2133:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2054:
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2016:
2015:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
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1698:
1692:
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1663:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1610:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1585:. Archived from
1575:
1569:
1568:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1487:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1469:
1468:. 11 April 2018.
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1401:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1364:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1311:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1107:. Archived from
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1021:
1008:
997:
996:
994:
992:
978:
885:Ready for flight
882:
873:Wings spread out
870:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
782:
642:invasive insects
378:and east to the
330:Mulsantina picta
277:Halloween beetle
224:
216:
208:
197:
189:
163:
143:H. axyridis
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2291:
2290:
2286:
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2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2251:Beetles of Asia
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2164:Observation.org
2162:
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2123:
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2110:
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2097:
2089:
2084:
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2071:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1927:
1862:
1857:
1820:Biology Letters
1813:
1812:
1808:
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1797:
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1791:
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1700:
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1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1614:on June 8, 2009
1606:
1605:
1601:
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1128:
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1073:
1067:
1063:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1000:
990:
988:
980:
979:
972:
968:
925:
906:reflex bleeding
893:
886:
883:
874:
871:
862:
859:
850:
847:
838:
835:
826:
823:
814:
811:
802:
783:
682:
646:unpleasant odor
634:genetic markers
626:
584:
349:
293:
190:Mulsant, 1850
172:
165:
159:
146:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2030:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1981:
1968:
1953:
1937:
1935:
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1928:
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1911:
1895:
1890:
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1875:
1861:
1860:External links
1858:
1856:
1855:
1826:(2): 308–311.
1806:
1785:
1757:
1738:(1): 265–276.
1693:
1674:(1): 235–252.
1645:
1625:
1599:
1570:
1551:(2): 153–159.
1535:"Influence of
1525:
1502:
1471:
1457:
1431:
1410:(3): 524–536.
1383:
1336:
1299:
1231:
1176:
1147:
1122:
1092:
1061:
998:
969:
967:
964:
962:respectively.
924:
921:
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887:
884:
877:
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865:
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851:
848:
841:
839:
836:
829:
827:
824:
817:
815:
812:
805:
803:
784:
777:
681:
678:
670:New York State
651:microsporidian
625:
622:
610:soybean aphids
583:
580:
536:Czech Republic
496:United Kingdom
348:
345:
343:colour forms.
292:
289:
230:
229:
228:
227:
225:Pallas, 1773
219:
211:
203:
192:
181:
180:
174:
173:
166:
155:
154:
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96:
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76:
72:
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66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2288:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Coccinellidae
2244:
2243:
2241:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1775:on 2010-07-20
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:
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1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
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1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1589:on 2010-06-09
1588:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1166:on 2014-05-09
1165:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1081:on 2008-01-17
1080:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
987:
983:
977:
975:
971:
965:
963:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
942:
937:
933:
929:
922:
920:
918:
914:
911:
907:
902:
897:
890:
881:
876:
869:
864:
857:
852:
845:
840:
837:Spotted adult
833:
828:
821:
816:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
776:
774:
771:
766:
764:
760:
759:
754:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
702:
696:
692:
690:
686:
679:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
647:
643:
638:
635:
631:
623:
621:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
593:
588:
582:North America
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:and parts of
429:
428:United States
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:scale insects
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:south to the
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:from central
357:
353:
346:
344:
342:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
325:
318:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:is a typical
297:
290:
288:
284:
282:
278:
274:
273:scale insects
270:
266:
262:
261:North America
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
223:
220:
215:
212:
207:
206:Leis axyridis
204:
200:
196:
193:
188:
185:
182:
179:
175:
170:
164:
162:
156:
153:
152:Binomial name
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:Coccinellidae
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2193:
1932:
1908:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1735:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1671:
1665:
1656:
1648:
1637:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:the original
1602:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1580:
1573:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1517:. Retrieved
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1474:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1445:The Guardian
1444:
1434:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1352:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1260:(3): e9743.
1257:
1251:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1157:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1135:bugguide.net
1134:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1104:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1064:
1029:
1023:
1014:
989:. Retrieved
985:
956:tuberculosis
949:
939:
936:mycobacteria
927:
926:
923:Biochemistry
900:
898:
894:
785:Life cycle:
769:
767:
762:
756:
738:, including
724:reflex bleed
707:
706:
697:
693:
684:
683:
659:
654:
639:
629:
627:
597:
591:
576:South Africa
422:fields, and
386:, including
351:
350:
334:
328:
322:
319:
316:
295:
294:
285:
276:
252:
248:
244:
235:
234:
233:
221:
213:
205:
194:
187:Anatis circe
186:
160:
158:
142:
141:
129:
35:
29:
2125:NatureServe
2086:iNaturalist
1957:Wikispecies
1769:"USDA site"
1657:H. axyridis
1393:"Impact of
948:-resistant
946:chloroquine
917:rubber band
901:H. axyridis
773:the world.
770:H. axyridis
655:H. axyridis
630:H. axyridis
592:H. axyridis
572:New Zealand
516:Netherlands
486:), Europe (
416:greenhouses
300:coccinellid
291:Description
267:to control
241:lady beetle
239:is a large
2240:Categories
2209:Q109450725
1800:2017-04-29
1779:2010-07-03
1731:BioControl
1667:BioControl
1618:August 18,
1608:"Medscape"
1593:2010-06-26
1519:2015-04-03
1200:: e10461.
1170:2014-05-12
1085:2008-01-07
966:References
524:Luxembourg
452:Costa Rica
406:agent for
404:biocontrol
382:coast and
368:Uzbekistan
364:Kazakhstan
281:overwinter
217:(Pallas)
209:(Pallas)
109:Coleoptera
89:Arthropoda
986:App Store
720:hemolymph
480:Argentina
464:Venezuela
444:Guatemala
376:Himalayas
245:harlequin
137:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
2203:Wikidata
2130:2.808401
2008:BugGuide
1984:BioLib:
1942:Wikidata
1850:21937493
1752:33076473
1688:19892524
1565:94041532
1495:June 24,
1376:10 March
1371:87225681
1329:10 March
1294:20305822
1253:PLoS ONE
1226:33312773
1140:10 March
1115:10 March
1056:15841248
991:10 March
913:stocking
797:stages,
689:crevices
590:Typical
540:Slovakia
468:Colombia
448:Honduras
392:Mongolia
308:pronotum
201:, 1793
178:Synonyms
130:Harmonia
115:Family:
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
2223:9242235
2065:4989904
2026:1174381
1948:Q499627
1841:3297383
1426:4494179
1285:2840033
1262:Bibcode
1217:7703374
960:malaria
891:Control
793:, five
674:Ontario
618:farmers
605:Midwest
556:Croatia
548:Romania
544:Hungary
532:Germany
520:Belgium
512:Finland
500:Denmark
472:Ecuador
424:gardens
380:Pacific
360:Siberia
341:melanic
171:, 1773)
125:Genus:
105:Order:
99:Insecta
95:Class:
2182:258281
2156:115357
2117:692602
2039:HARNAX
1987:282441
1848:
1838:
1750:
1686:
1563:
1450:4 July
1424:
1369:
1353:Nature
1292:
1282:
1224:
1214:
1054:
1047:524671
1044:
1032:: 32.
813:Mating
795:larval
787:mating
732:leaves
701:swarms
672:, and
574:, and
568:Israel
564:Poland
552:Serbia
534:, the
528:France
514:, the
508:Norway
504:Sweden
494:, the
460:Brazil
456:Panama
440:Mexico
436:Canada
432:Europe
408:aphids
400:Taiwan
398:, and
372:Russia
366:, and
304:elytra
269:aphids
265:Europe
199:Herbst
169:Pallas
2104:26515
2091:48484
2000:14785
1748:S2CID
1684:S2CID
1662:(PDF)
1561:S2CID
1514:(PDF)
1422:JSTOR
1400:(PDF)
1367:S2CID
1194:PeerJ
1020:(PDF)
910:nylon
745:birds
714:as a
614:China
492:Spain
488:Italy
484:Chile
396:China
388:Korea
384:Japan
347:Range
251:, or
249:Asian
2218:GBIF
2169:8953
2151:NCBI
2112:ITIS
2073:GISD
2060:GBIF
2034:EPPO
1995:BOLD
1846:PMID
1718:and
1620:2006
1497:2011
1452:2020
1378:2018
1331:2018
1290:PMID
1222:PMID
1142:2018
1117:2018
1052:PMID
993:2018
958:and
938:and
908:. A
799:pupa
791:eggs
753:ants
728:legs
666:Ohio
662:Iowa
476:Peru
420:crop
410:and
356:Asia
312:form
271:and
263:and
257:Asia
2138:NBN
2099:ISC
2078:668
2021:EoL
2013:397
1972:ADW
1836:PMC
1828:doi
1740:doi
1676:doi
1553:doi
1412:doi
1357:doi
1280:PMC
1270:doi
1212:PMC
1202:doi
1042:PMC
1034:doi
608:on
566:),
2242::
2220::
2205::
2179::
2166::
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2140::
2127::
2114::
2101::
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2075::
2062::
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2010::
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1974::
1959::
1944::
1904:/
1900:,
1844:.
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167:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
