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to the walls of Cádiz, and took two mortar-boats and an armed launch. In this conflict it was the admiral's fortune to encounter the barge of Don Miguel
Tregoyen, the commander of the Spanish gun-boats. The struggle that ensued was one of the most perilous in which Nelson had ever been engaged. He fought hand to hand with the Spanish commandant, and it was his own opinion that he must have lost his life but for the devoted attachment of his faithful coxswain, John Sykes.
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guns each. Such was the strength of the place when Nelson was ordered to bombard it. The first attempt proved ineffective, as the large mortar had been materially damaged in earlier service. The second produced considerable effect in the town and among the shipping, as ten sail of the line, among them the ships carrying the flags of admirals
Mazarredo and Gravina, warped out of the range of the shells with much precipitation on the following morning.
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684:. In the first days of June the city was bombarded, causing slight damage to the Spanish batteries, navy and city. Nelson's objective was to force the Spanish admiral Jose Mazarredo to leave the harbour with the Spanish fleet. The Spanish response was to build gunboats and small ships to protect the entrance of the harbour from the British. By early July, after a series of failed attacks led by
32:
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755:, closely watching their movements, and reporting every indication of their disposition to come to sea. Two frigates were at the mouth of the harbour, for the purpose of intercepting any supply of provisions for the enemy. Nelson said he knew no more certain means of bringing them out than starvation.
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The
Spaniards had equipped a number of gun-boats and large launches, in which they rowed guard during the night, to prevent the near approach of the blockaders. On these a vigorous attack was made in the night of 3 July by the British boats, headed by Nelson himself, which pursued the Spaniards close
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The
Spanish garrison of Cádiz at this time consisted of more than 4,000 men. On the line wall facing the bay were mounted 70 pieces of cannon and eight mortars; near the Alameda were four other mortars; and from the Capuchins, at the back of the city, to the land point were three batteries of four
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The blockade of Cádiz, which had been begun by Jervis in 1797, had no intermission from that time until the peace of Amiens, and on the renewal of the war it was recommenced with all its former rigour. The fleet was distant from the town about 25 kilometres (15 miles); the
Spanish fleet within the
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Having completed these arrangements, the admiral retired with the body of the fleet to the neighbourhood of Cape St. Mary's between 80 and 100 kilometres (50 and 60 miles) west of Cádiz, establishing a line of communication between himself and his advanced squadron, by means of three or four
342:
805:, spikes, cutlasses, broad axes, and chopping knives, a lamp in each boat with spikes, a sledge-hammer, and a coil of small rope, to tow off any armed brig, mortar or gun-boat, that should be carrier, and to follow the directions of Nelson for the night.
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to the point of attack in time. On the following day, he informed Earl St. Vincent that, though he hoped enough had been done to force out the
Spanish fleet, yet in case there had not, he would try them again.
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Nelson was appointed to the command of the inshore squadron blockading Cádiz. An order from Sir John Jervis directed the launches and barges of two divisions of the fleet to assemble on board
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Nelson, and with the
British ships taking huge fire from the Spanish forts and batteries, the British withdrew and the siege was lifted. The naval blockade, however, lasted until 1802.
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On the night of 8 July, Nelson meditated another operation under his own immediate direction; but the wind blew so strong down the bay, that it was found impossible to bring up the
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844:. Lord Jervis allowed Sir Horatio to select such ships and officers as he thought proper for this service. The expedition resulted in another defeat for him.
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The continuation of the blockade for most of the following three years, greatly curtailed the operations of the
Spanish fleet from Cádiz until the
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intermediate ships. By keeping at this distance from Cádiz, Nelson prevented the enemy from acquiring any accurate knowledge of his force.
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composed a song of the victory that became very popular in Spain during the 19th century:
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after the engagement, frustrated at the escape of several valuable prizes including
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The naval
History of Great Britain, from the Year MDCCLXXXIII to MDCCCXXXVI Vol II.
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in 1802, allowing the Royal Navy to establish its dominance in the
Mediterranean.
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harbour, and the British in-shore squadron under the command of Rear Admiral
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving Great Britain
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Nelson had some time before he proposed to the commander-in-chief an
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on the port itself from June to July 1797. After the battle of Cape
734:, where much of the battered Spanish fleet had sought shelter. The
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Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León
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The Pursuit of Victory: The Life and Achievement of Horatio Nelson
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The economic aspects of Spanish imperialism in America, 1492-1810
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had ordered the assault as he believed that Jervis' victory over
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving Spain
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The life of Nelson revised and illustrated, by the Old Sailor
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guaranteed a successful attack on that strategic harbour.
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In February 1797, the British routed a Spanish fleet near
1095:, Vol. VI. Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, Madrid. (in Spanish)
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Fleet Battle and Blockade, The French Revolutionary Wars
801:, between 9 and 10 o'clock every night, armed with
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
649:was a part of a protracted naval blockade of the
1000:Belton, the naval history of Great Britain p 57
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700:but failed to strike a solid blow against the
150:Nelson's Blockading Squadron at Cádiz 1797 by
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1101:Port cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500-1900
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1132:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
838:expedition against the town of Santa Cruz
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For other battles in the same place, see
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1103:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
199:Failure of the bombardment of the city
16:1797 naval blockade by the Royal Navy
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
1053:Trafalgar: Tres armadas en combate
202:Economic losses for both countries
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790:by Jean François-Marie Bellier.
730:and subdue the Spanish port of
41:needs additional citations for
1211:Sieges involving Great Britain
1070:Barker Henry, Matthew (1836).
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774:fighting a Spanish launch at
1128:Fisher, John Robert (1997).
1099:O'Flanagan, Patrick (2008).
856:¿De qué sirve a los ingleses
888:if they know that Mazarredo
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1074:. General Books, London.
1051:San Juan, Víctor (2005).
1036:. Basic Books, New York.
1013:Gardiner, Robert (2001).
672:the British fleet led by
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138:French Revolutionary Wars
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878:What good is for English
871:tiene lanchas cañoneras?
847:The Spanish citizens of
704:in the uneven struggle.
196:British assault repelled
1089:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo
1032:Knight, R.J.B. (2005).
740:José de Córdoba y Ramos
131:Assault on Cádiz (1797)
1118:Pelham Brenton, Edward
1017:. Chatham Publishing.
866:si saben que Mazarredo
861:tener fragatas ligeras
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722:. New orders from the
583:Colonia del Sacramento
315:3 armed boats captured
247:Commanders and leaders
982:Fernández Duro p. 143
973:Fernández Duro p. 143
883:having light frigates
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300:Casualties and losses
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50:improve this article
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1055:. Silex Ediciones.
840:, in the island of
946:O'Flanagan, p. 112
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719:Santísima Trinidad
666:amphibious assault
305:3 armed boats sunk
65:"Assault on Cádiz"
1191:Conflicts in 1797
1165:28.467°N 16.250°W
1110:978-0-7546-6109-2
1043:978-0-465-03764-3
788:José de Mazarredo
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647:Assault on Cádiz
603:3rd Buenos Aires
563:2nd Buenos Aires
553:1st Buenos Aires
484:10 December 1800
454:19 December 1796
417:25 November 1804
412:Cape Santa Maria
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422:7 December 1804
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543:Diamond Rock
518:Newfoundland
464:15 July 1798
437:4 April 1808
402:7 April 1800
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213:Belligerents
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136:Part of the
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1168: /
712:sailed for
710:John Jervis
674:Lord Jervis
617:East Indies
588:2 June 1807
479:7 July 1799
355:(1796–1808)
271:John Jervis
1185:Categories
899:References
803:carronades
692:Background
662:Royal Navy
578:Montevideo
489:6 May 1801
392:Santa Cruz
76:newspapers
832:Aftermath
796:HMS
724:Admiralty
629:Zamboanga
593:San Pedro
568:Maldonado
494:Algeciras
432:Trafalgar
175:Coast of
166:June 1797
1120:(1837).
1091:(1902).
842:Tenerife
728:blockade
676:and Sir
598:Miserere
558:Perdriel
528:San Juan
523:Trinidad
512:Americas
366:Atlantic
308:Victory'
171:Location
1156:16°15′W
1153:28°28′N
1124:London.
798:Theseus
706:Admiral
660:by the
651:Spanish
459:Menorca
90:scholar
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763:Battle
714:Lisbon
624:Manila
573:Cardal
407:Ferrol
312:ashore
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188:Result
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849:Cádiz
776:Cádiz
732:Cádiz
658:Cádiz
634:Macau
387:Cádiz
241:Spain
181:Spain
177:Cádiz
97:JSTOR
83:books
1134:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1038:ISBN
1019:ISBN
708:Sir
654:port
645:The
163:Date
69:news
656:of
504:2nd
499:1st
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