Common Era - Knowledge (XXG)

3572:'I find this attempt to restructure history offensive,' Lori Weintz wrote, in a letter to National Geographic publishers. ... 'The forward to your book says B.C. and A.D. were removed so as to "not impose the standards of one culture on others." ... It's 2006 this year for anyone on Earth that is participating in day-to-day world commerce and communication. Two thousand six years since what? Most people know, regardless of their belief system, and aren't offended by a historical fact.' 357:, also appeared in the 19th century in a 'generic' sense, not necessarily to refer to the Christian Era, but to any system of dates in common use throughout a civilization. Thus, "the common era of the Jews", "the common era of the Mahometans", "common era of the world", "the common era of the foundation of Rome". When it did refer to the Christian Era, it was sometimes qualified, e.g., "common era of the Incarnation", "common era of the Nativity", or "common era of the birth of Christ". 3538:

conservatives still prefer A.D. and B.C. Best advice: don't use B.C.E., C.E., or A.C.E. to replace B.C. and A.D. without translating the new terms for the very large number of readers who will not understand them. Note too that if we do end by casting aside the A.D./B.C. convention, almost certainly some will argue that we ought to cast aside as well the conventional numbering system itself, given its Christian basis.

6189: 5227: 5217: 577:, Joshua J. Mark wrote "Non-Christian scholars, especially, embraced because they could now communicate more easily with the Christian community. Jewish, Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist scholars could retain their calendar but refer to events using the Gregorian Calendar as BCE and CE without compromising their own beliefs about the divinity of Jesus of Nazareth." In 6199: 1246: 195: 1779:, abbreviated as CE and BCE, have grown in popularity as designations. The terms are meant, in deference to non-Christians, to soften the explicit theological claims made by the older Latin terminology, while at the same time providing continuity with earlier generations of mostly western Christian historical research 1335:. The year 1 BCE (identical to the year 1 BC) is represented as 0 in the astronomical system, and as 0000 in ISO 8601. Presently, ISO 8601 dating requires use of the Gregorian calendar for all dates, however, whereas astronomical dating and Common Era dating allow use of either the Gregorian or Julian calendars. 2164:

Speculum uranicum, anni æræ Christianæ, 1649, or, An almanack and prognosication for the year of our Lord, 1649 being the first from bissextile or leap-year, and from the creation of the world 5598, wherein is contained many useful, pleasant and necessary observations, and predictions ... :

2683:

Here is buried his honour Judah ben his honour Joseph, a prince and honoured amongst philanthropists, who executed good deeds, died in his house in the City of Bath, Tuesday, and was buried here on Sunday, 19 Sivan in the year 5585. In memory of Lyon Joseph Esq (merchant of Falmouth, Cornwall). who

2183:

A celestiall glasse, or, Ephemeris for the year of the Christian era 1652 being the bissextile or leap-year: contayning the lunations, planetary motions, configurations & ecclipses for this present year ... : with many other things very delightfull and necessary for most sorts of men:

99:

Era". The term "Common Era" can be found in English as early as 1708, and became more widely used in the mid-19th century by Jewish religious scholars. Since the late 20th century, BCE and CE have become popular in academic and scientific publications on the grounds that BCE and CE are religiously

564:

he Christian calendar no longer belongs exclusively to Christians. People of all faiths have taken to using it simply as a matter of convenience. There is so much interaction between people of different faiths and cultures – different civilizations, if you like – that some shared way of reckoning

451:

explains its era policy thus: "It might seem strange to use a Christian calendar system when referring to British prehistory, but the BC/AD labels are widely used and understood." Some parts of the BBC use BCE/CE, but some presenters have said they will not. As of October 2019, the BBC News style

3537:

A.D. appears either before or after the number of the year ... although conservative use has long preferred before only; B.C. always follows the number of the year. ... Common era (C.E.) itself needs a good deal of further justification, in view of its clearly Christian numbering. Most

1770:

The influence of western culture and scholarship upon the rest of the world in turn led to this system of dating becoming the most widely used one across the globe today. Many scholars in historical and religious studies in the West in recent years have sought to lessen the explicitly Christian

635:

The abbreviation BCE, just as with BC, always follows the year number. Unlike AD, which still often precedes the year number, CE always follows the year number (if context requires that it be written at all). Thus, the current year is written as 2024 in both notations (or, if further clarity is

3601:

This practice is the result of the secularization, anti-supernaturalism, religious pluralism, and political correctness pervasive in our society ... retention is a reminder to those in this secular age of the importance of Christ's life and mission and emphasizes to all that history is

2023:

Part 3 has title: Tomi L Ephemeridvm Ioannis Kepleri pars tertia, complexa annos à M.DC.XXIX. in M.DC.XXXVI. In quibus & tabb. Rudolphi jam perfectis, et sociâ operâ clariss. viri dn. Iacobi Bartschii ... Impressa Sagani Silesiorvm, in typographeio Ducali, svmptibvs avthoris, anno

2754:

See, for example, the Society for Historical Archaeology states in its more recent style guide "Do not use CE (common era), BP (before present), or BCE; convert these expressions to AD and BC." (In section I 5 the Society explains how to use "years BP" in connection with

398:

without the AD prefix. As early as 1825, the abbreviation VE (for Vulgar Era) was in use among Jews to denote years in the Western calendar. As of 2005, Common Era notation has also been in use for Hebrew lessons for more than a century. Jews have also used the term

427:

have adopted CE and BCE notation despite some disagreement. A study conducted in 2014 found that the BCE/CE notation is not growing at the expense of BC and AD notation in the scholarly literature, and that both notations are used in a relatively stable fashion.

1801: 1797: 1807: 3989:

Although A.D. (Anno Domini, meaning 'in the year of our Lord') and B.C. (before Christ) are used in lands where professed Christianity predominates, we have chosen to use the terms C.E. (Common Era) and B.C.E. (Before the Common

506:

In 2011, media reports suggested that the BC/AD notation in Australian school textbooks would be replaced by BCE/CE notation. The change drew opposition from some politicians and church leaders. Weeks after the story broke, the

497:

In June 2006, in the United States, the Kentucky State School Board reversed its decision to use BCE and CE in the state's new Program of Studies, leaving education of students about these concepts a matter of local discretion.

615:

scenario in his style guide that, "if we do end by casting aside the AD/BC convention, almost certainly some will argue that we ought to cast aside as well the conventional numbering system itself, given its Christian basis."

2242: 2165:

calculated (according to art) for the meridian and latitude of the ancient borough town of Stamford in Lincolnshire ... and without sensible errour may serve the 3. kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland

573:, opted to use BCE and CE because, "Given the multicultural society that we live in, the traditional Jewish designations – B.C.E. and C.E. – cast a wider net of inclusion." In the 3672:

1999 "8.1.2 ERAS – The preferred style is B.C.E. and C.E. (with periods). If you use A.D. and B.C., remember that A.D. precedes the date and B.C. follows it. (For the use of these abbreviations in titles, see

1708:

The changes – showing up at museums, in academic circles and in school textbooks – have been touted as more sensitive to people of faiths outside of Christianity. ... The use of BCE and CE have rankled some

444: 343:

with "the fact that our Lord was born on the 4th year before the vulgar era, called Anno Domini, thus making (for example) the 42d year from his birth to correspond with the 38th of the common era". The

1456:

which refers to, "...the vulgar Æra of Christ's incarnation and not from the true time of it." This citation is given in the 1933 edition of Oxford English Dictionary but without any assertion of first

74:(BC) notations used for the same calendar era. The two notation systems are numerically equivalent: "2024 CE" and "AD 2024" each describe the current year; "400 BCE" and "400 BC" are the same year. 1974: 552:. Proponents of the Common Era notation assert that the use of BCE/CE shows sensitivity to those who use the same year numbering system as the one that originated with and is currently used by 301:

The English phrase "Common Era" appears at least as early as 1708, and in a 1715 book on astronomy it is used interchangeably with "Christian Era" and "Vulgar Era". A 1759 history book uses

508: 3168: 607:

argued that the BCE/CE usage is the less inclusive option since they are still using the Christian calendar numbers and forcing it on other nations. In 1993, the English-language expert

3722:

Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums: Ein unpartheiisches Organ für alles jüdische Interesse in Betreff von Politik, Religion, Literatur, Geschichte, Sprachkunde und Belletristik, Volume 2

458:

says, under the entry for CE/BCE: "some people prefer CE (common era, current era, or Christian era) and BCE (before common era, etc.) to AD and BC, which, however, remain our style".

926: 583:, Michael Ostling wrote: "BC/AD Dating: In the year of whose Lord? The continuing use of AD and BC is not only factually wrong but also offensive to many who are not Christians." 2406:

Foremost among these is that which is now adopted by all civilized peoples and known as the Christian, Vulgar or Common Era, in the twentieth century of which we are now living

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died is represented as 399 BCE (the same year that is represented by 399 BC in the BC/AD notation). The abbreviations are sometimes written with small capital letters, or with

673:

opposed this usage as it would hinder the integration of Jews into German society. The formulation seems to have persisted among German Jews in the 19th century in forms like

3509:

To call our age 'the Common Era,' even though for the Jews, the Chinese, the Tamil, the Muslims, and many others it is not a common era, constitutes the acme of colonialism.

4812: 233:(the year of the reign of a sovereign) typically used in national law. (The word 'vulgar' originally meant 'of the ordinary people', with no derogatory associations.) 4459: 2285:

The Spanish era began with the year of the world 3966, and 38 years before the common era (p63); 1796 years before the common era 776 before the vulgar era. (p105)

1994:

Ephemerides novae motuum caelestium, ab Ānno vulgaris aerae MDCXVII en observationibus potissimum Tychonis Brahei hypothesibus physicis, et tabulis Rudolphinis..

2971: 6788: 6464: 5077: 531:), which had previously switched to BCE/CE, decided to change back to BC/AD in material intended for the public while retaining BCE/CE in academic content. 305:

in a generic sense, to refer to "the common era of the Jews". The first use of the phrase "before the common era" may be that in a 1770 work that also uses

3754: 2856: 2603: 2453:

Hence the present year, 1858, in the common era of the Jews, is AM 5618–5619, a difference of more than 200 years from our commonly-received chronology.

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was the first edition to switch to BCE/CE, ending a period of 138 years in which the traditional BC/AD dating notation was used. BCE/CE is used by the

2369: 2341: 1910: 332: 3465: 3078: 3584: 3551: 3226: 5798: 5634: 3105: 151:

system, because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. He numbered years from an initial reference date ("

2658:,' and we do not believe Jesus is the L-rd. Instead, we use the abbreviations C.E. (Common or Christian Era) and B.C.E. (Before the Common Era). 2908: 2890: 2516: 479: 5263: 3758: 3686: 3622: 3530: 3502: 3414: 3269: 1941: 1858: 1734: 350:(1909) in at least one article reports all three terms (Christian, Vulgar, Common Era) being commonly understood by the early 20th century. 298:

appeared in the title of an English almanac. A 1652 ephemeris may be the first instance found so far of the English use of "Christian Era".

6235: 4604: 3387: 2786: 335:, wrote: "The vulgar Era, or Anno Domini; the fourth year of Jesus Christ, the first of which was but eight days", and also refers to the 2475:

Its epoch is the first of March old style. The common era of the Mahometans, as has already been stated, is that of the flight of Mahomet.

4017: 3353: 2535: 487: 170:

in England in 731. Bede also introduced the practice of dating years before what he supposed was the year of birth of Jesus, without a

4895: 6582: 3717:

Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums. Ein unpartheiisches Organ für alles jüdische Interesse, II. Jahrgang, No. 60, Leipzig, 19. Mai 1838

2700: 684: 3806: 3142: 2654:

Jews do not generally use the words 'A.D.' and 'B.C.' to refer to the years on the Gregorian calendar. 'A.D.' means 'the year of our

1638: 7110: 7105: 6783: 6379: 3638: 2769: 2139: 1763: 544:

The use of CE in Jewish scholarship was historically motivated by the desire to avoid the implicit "Our Lord" in the abbreviation

7085: 6419: 4554: 2448: 511:

denied the rumours and stated that the BC/AD notation would remain, with CE and BCE as an optional suggested learning activity.

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meaning of this system without abandoning the usefulness of a single, common, global form of dating. For this reason the terms

520: 3655:

Certain abbreviations traditionally set in small caps are now in full caps (AD, BCE, and the like), with small caps an option.

5627: 3669: 649: 6829: 3439: 2494: 1850: 2584: 1687: 6577: 3795:(in Spanish) (online ed.). Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2010. p. 695. 1436: 952: 2302: 2273:

The Elements of Universal Erudition: Containing an Analytical Abridgment of the Sciences, Polite Arts, and Belles Lettres

6572: 5710: 4900: 4838: 4631: 2280: 2057: 687:. However, it was soon discovered that many German Jews had been using the convention ever since the 18th century, and 470:

was reported in 2005 to be growing. Some publications have transitioned to using it exclusively. For example, the 2007

7100: 7080: 6762: 6632: 6001: 4738: 4066: 3588: 3201: 2445:

The first and second Advent: or, The past and the future with reference to the Jew, the gentile, and the Church of God

2419: 1324: 1259: 669:

seem to have already been using words translating to "(before the) common era" in the 18th century, while others like

624: 570: 3016: 2997: 2729: 2567:

being counted from the Incarnation, and being, therefore, one year before the common era of the Nativity of our Lord.

971:. This notation was extended to Hong Kong in 1997 and Macau in 1999 (de facto extended in 1966) through Annex III of 599:. Since the year numbers are the same, BCE and CE dates should be equally offensive to other religions as BC and AD. 5913: 3832: 2975: 2324: 6972: 6952: 5353: 5333: 5072: 4713: 4222: 3042: 930: 608: 574: 314: 274: 262:, in 1617. A 1635 English edition of that book has the title page in English that may be the earliest-found use of 156: 1139:, the terms "п.н.е." (пред нашата ера "before our era") and "н.е." (наша ера "our era") are used in every aspect. 933:

with 1912 designated as year 1, but used the Western calendar for international purposes. The translated term was

6962: 6934: 6546: 6064: 5793: 5343: 5256: 4842: 744: 483: 440:

recommended introducing BCE/CE dates to schools, and by 2018 some local education authorities were using them.

7029: 6228: 5763: 4775: 4318: 4259: 3790: 266:

in English. A 1701 book edited by John Le Clerc includes the phrase "Before Christ according to the Vulgar Æra,

6917: 4155: 2864: 6967: 6704: 6551: 6019: 5670: 4723: 4592: 4010: 2508: 1925: 1803:

Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to commemorate its 400th anniversary

2423: 7090: 6867: 6668: 6414: 6313: 5373: 4549: 4173: 3984: 3082: 2276: 596: 152: 140: 3388:"Common values for a common era: Even as we cherish our diversity, we need to discover our shared values" 3276:

Marked by the turn of the Common Era, C.E., originally referred to as A.D., an abbreviation of the Latin

6469: 5834: 5779: 5733: 5718: 5363: 5188: 5183: 4950: 3559: 2147: 346: 6902: 5176: 3113: 2891:"National Trust tells properties to stop dropping BC and AD out of fear it might offend non-Christians" 2226: 2206: 548:. Although other aspects of dating systems are based in Christian origins, AD is a direct reference to 6843: 6819: 6814: 6085: 6054: 5503: 5398: 5249: 5057: 4940: 4765: 4673: 4291: 4185: 4101: 2608: 206: 31: 2373: 2345: 7095: 6929: 6824: 6767: 6742: 6732: 6507: 6404: 6394: 6221: 5959: 5418: 5378: 5139: 4910: 4872: 4708: 4658: 4508: 4486: 4481: 4427: 4357: 4325: 3949: 3925: 3900: 3875: 3304: 2895: 2549: 1136: 972: 863: 4646: 3765: 3694: 3423: 3361: 3354:"Annan: 'Peace is never a perfect achievement' – United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan" 2670: 2248: 2241:; Psalmanazar, George; Bower, Archibald; Shelvocke, George; Campbell, John; Swinton, John (1759). 7054: 7034: 6912: 6897: 6882: 6804: 6603: 6567: 6369: 5908: 5886: 5753: 5577: 5548: 5483: 5476: 5230: 5047: 4945: 4668: 4611: 4582: 4387: 4367: 4086: 4081: 4045: 4003: 3391: 2838: 2756: 1916: 1470: 824: 395: 226: 214: 55: 2921: 2470: 100:

neutral terms. They have been promoted as more sensitive to non-Christians by not referring to

6862: 6658: 6653: 6497: 6333: 5989: 5868: 5768: 5621: 5524: 5428: 5220: 5159: 5087: 5082: 4828: 4780: 4718: 4698: 4513: 4464: 4434: 4372: 4335: 4330: 4276: 4239: 4180: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4071: 3618: 3526: 3498: 3265: 3176: 2946: 2705: 2135: 2099: 1937: 1933: 1854: 1759: 1730: 1599: 1453: 1284: 1143: 1042: 922: 670: 437: 313:

as synonyms, in a translation of a book originally written in German. The 1797 edition of the

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It should be observed, however, that these years correspond to 492 and 493, a portion of the

2131: 1755: 1726: 277:

gives 1716 as being the date of first use of the term "vulgar era" (to mean Christian era).

7059: 7008: 6924: 6872: 6648: 6626: 6492: 6389: 6107: 6095: 5923: 5891: 5723: 5592: 5508: 5498: 5413: 5067: 4807: 4797: 4693: 4498: 4493: 4422: 4382: 4362: 4352: 4308: 4234: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4168: 4096: 4076: 2830: 2598: 2564: 2513:

Universal History: From the Creation of the World to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century

1929: 1593: 1190: 934: 820: 702: 448: 375: 6907: 159:

of Jesus. Dionysius labeled the column of the table in which he introduced the new era as "

6992: 6957: 6944: 6854: 6712: 6607: 6541: 6502: 6339: 6169: 6034: 6011: 5979: 5931: 5918: 5881: 5863: 5493: 5488: 5097: 5092: 5023: 4887: 4852: 4802: 4760: 4678: 4663: 4599: 4587: 4577: 4523: 4454: 4444: 4377: 4340: 4281: 4244: 4197: 4192: 3810: 3490: 2007: 1957: 1921: 1589: 1440: 1372: 1274: 1089: 976: 871: 688: 604: 391: 378:, and thus the abbreviation "e.v." or "EV" may sometimes be seen as a replacement for AD. 243: 198: 115: 78: 59: 4877: 4651: 3734: 3642: 3248:

It has been said of the Latin words anno Domini, meaning in the year of our Lord ...

2559: 2488: 6892: 6690: 6678: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6536: 6459: 6384: 6112: 6102: 5901: 5773: 5743: 5728: 5513: 5471: 5466: 5338: 5062: 4920: 4785: 4770: 4728: 4703: 4641: 4636: 4559: 4544: 4518: 4471: 4449: 4439: 4345: 4313: 4298: 4266: 4249: 4217: 4091: 4050: 4040: 2397: 2104:

The Old and New Testament Connected in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations

1264: 1251: 995: 968: 858: 789: 612: 600: 327: 179: 148: 109: 82: 2762: 2329:

This happened in the 33rd year of the common era, some time after our Saviour's death.

2074: 7074: 6809: 6727: 6722: 6673: 6663: 6424: 6303: 6192: 6142: 6090: 6024: 5996: 5984: 5974: 5964: 5846: 5690: 5616: 5565: 5518: 5433: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5316: 4790: 4743: 4733: 4688: 4683: 4528: 4503: 4476: 4417: 4400: 4271: 4254: 4135: 4106: 3466:"What is the Difference Between AD, BC, BCE, and CE in Identifying Historical Dates?" 2842: 2253:

And it doth not appear, that they began to reckon from the creation till after their

2018:

New Ephemerids for the Celestiall Motions, for the Yeeres of the Vulgar Era 1617–1636

1828: 1562: 1213:) are used as BCE and CE, respectively. Also (decreasingly) in use are terms "eKr", ( 979:, thus eliminating the ROC calendar in these areas. BC is translated into Chinese as 579: 549: 475: 471: 2792: 6887: 6685: 6399: 6374: 6359: 6325: 6285: 6164: 6158: 5824: 5758: 5680: 5611: 5560: 5408: 5348: 5127: 5102: 4977: 4905: 4395: 2532:

The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature

2198: 2039:

Ephemerides of the Celestiall Motions, for the Yeers of the Vulgar Era 1633 ..

1279: 680: 553: 454: 105: 63: 1661: 1375:, the use of zero in Western civilization was uncommon before the twelfth century. 3721: 3227:"Museum of Civilization putting the 'Christ' back in history as BC and AD return" 1132:), which are both placed after the year number in contrast with BC/AD in English. 6587: 6484: 6446: 6429: 6364: 6345: 6278: 6258: 6174: 6152: 6059: 6044: 5839: 5819: 5809: 5738: 5695: 5675: 5604: 5423: 5325: 5107: 5033: 5002: 4997: 4915: 4753: 4405: 3976: 3330: 2490:

The Theological, Philosophical and Miscellaneous Works of the Rev. William Jones

2238: 1695: 1362:

Bede wrote of the Incarnation of Jesus, but treated it as synonymous with birth.

1311: 556:, but who are not themselves Christian. Former United Nations Secretary-General 420: 230: 183: 134: 71: 67: 2553: 2467:

Practical tables for the reduction of Mahometan dates to the Christian calendar

139:

The idea of numbering years beginning from the date that he believed to be the

6354: 6244: 6069: 5969: 5876: 5851: 5654: 5438: 5122: 5117: 5052: 5042: 4862: 4412: 4227: 3383: 2834: 2789:

style guide takes a different approach, supporting the use of "CE" and "BCE."

1905: 1510: 1241: 620: 557: 354: 210: 202: 77:

The expression can be traced back to 1615, when it first appears in a book by

3523:

The Columbia Guide to Standard American English – A.D., B.C., (A.)C.E., B.C.E

3180: 2146:... the expression "Christian era" appears in Latin in a 1584 theology book ( 1887: 723:", "before Christ"), with variations in punctuation and sometimes the use of 452:

guide has entries for AD and BC, but not for CE or BCE. The style guide for

166:

This way of numbering years became more widespread in Europe with its use by

7044: 7024: 6757: 6717: 6454: 6263: 6132: 6049: 5685: 5597: 5572: 5553: 5443: 5200: 5164: 5132: 5028: 5007: 4987: 4111: 3053: 2818: 1603: 1332: 641: 416: 253: 171: 2642: 1539: 486:

uses BCE/CE notation in articles on non-Christian religious topics such as

3020: 3001: 2534:. Vol. V (9 ed.). New York: Henry G. Allen and Company. p. 7039: 6877: 6521: 6434: 5700: 5461: 5453: 5311: 5301: 5195: 5171: 4992: 4748: 4026: 3741:

Geschichte des Karäerthums von 900 bis 1575 der gewöhnlichen Zeitrechnung

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Some say the World was created 3950 Years before the common Æra of Christ

1328: 1269: 637: 524: 467: 412: 175: 1305: 565:

time is a necessity. And so the Christian Era has become the Common Era.

222: 96: 66:. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the original 7049: 6273: 6268: 6039: 6029: 5951: 5942: 5927: 5829: 5814: 5659: 5582: 5291: 3390:. Civilization: The Magazine of the Library of Congress. Archived from 1540:"Controversy over the use of the "CE/BCE" and "AD/BC" dating notation/" 1018:) is used, always after the year number. The direct translation of AD ( 662: 424: 3854: 3639:"Major Rule Changes in The Chicago Manual of Style, Fifteenth Edition" 2012:

Ephemerides novae motuum coelestium, ab anno vulgaris aerae MDCXVII...

221:

The term "Common Era" is traced back in English to its appearance as "

17: 6137: 5296: 2819:"Is the CE/BCE notation becoming a standard in scholarly literature?" 1166:) are used as BCE and CE, respectively. Also in use are terms "eKr" ( 1112:) are used as BCE/CE are in English. Also commonly used are "f.Kr." ( 948: 666: 623:

are offended by the removal of the reference to Jesus, including the

528: 3585:"On Retaining The Traditional Method Of Calendar Dating (B.C./A.D.)" 2244:

An Universal History: From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time

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style guide for academic texts on religion prefers BCE/CE to BC/AD.

436:

In 2002, an advisory panel for the religious education syllabus for

1233:). In all cases, the abbreviation is written after the year number. 1186:). In all cases, the abbreviation is written after the year number. 280:

The first published use of "Christian Era" may be the Latin phrase

194: 6474: 6147: 5896: 5587: 5543: 5535: 4982: 3169:"Anger in Australia as school books 'write Christ out of history'" 3141:. Kentucky Board of Education Report. 10 June 2006. Archived from 918: 695: 592: 365: 193: 101: 2555:

St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, A Memoir of his Life and Mission

2027:(His third use of "vulgaris aerae" (Latin for Common Era) (1617)) 6408: 6290: 5286: 5272: 5112: 3759:"Weiße Blätter: Monatschrift für Geschichte, Tradition u. Staat" 3331:"Comments on the use of CE and BCE to identify dates in history" 2655: 1665: 387: 167: 6217: 5245: 3999: 2259:

was finished;at which time they fixed that for their common era

6308: 1310:, the common people – to contrast it with the 6213: 3079:"State School Board reverses itself on B.C./A.D. controversy" 1323:

Two other systems that also do not use religious titles, the

894:) are commonly used in historical and scientific literature. 3995: 3617:(17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017. ¶ 9.34. 2581:

Annotations on the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles

3977:"From Our Readers: Ancient Manuscripts—How Are They Dated?" 3552:"Altering history? Changes have some asking 'Before what?'" 3282:, meaning 'Year of our God/Lord.' This was a shortening of 569:

Adena K. Berkowitz, in her application to argue before the

3043:"Maryland Church News Submission Guide & Style Manual" 967:, "Common Era") for both internal and external affairs in 143:, was conceived around the year 525 by the Christian monk 3244:

The American and English Encyclopedia of Law and Practice

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died at Bath June AM 5585/VE 1825. Beloved and respected.

2432:

the common era of the Jews places the creation in BC 3760

1894:. Vol. III. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1908. 1610:

Dabam Pragae Idibus Aprilibus, Anno vulgaris aerae MDCXII

1390:. It also occasionally appears, in Latin declination, as 847:) are used almost universally. Within Christian churches 591:

Critics note the fact that there is no difference in the

509:

Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority

1798:"The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church" 683:, the use of this convention was also prescribed by the 466:

In the United States, the use of the BCE/CE notation in

447:

said it would continue to use BC/AD as its house style.

5241: 3440:"The Origin & History of the BCE/CE Dating System." 914:) see sporadic usage, mostly in religious publications. 804:); for dates before the Common Era, CC (traditionally, 482:. Others have taken a different approach. The US-based 3106:"School board keeps traditional historic designations" 2184:

calculated exactly and composed for ... Rochester

1833:

The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac

1452:

The probable source is a 1716 book in English by Dean

636:

needed, as 2024 CE, or as AD 2024), and the year that

2430:. Vol. V. Oxford University Press. p. 207. 2275:. Vol. 3. London: J Robson and B. Law. pp. 1629: 1627: 374:

was adopted in the 20th century by some followers of

2761:

Society for Historical Archaeology (December 2006).

1817:– via SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). 1754:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 7017: 7001: 6985: 6943: 6853: 6842: 6797: 6789:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

6776: 6750: 6741: 6703: 6641: 6596: 6560: 6529: 6520: 6483: 6445: 6324: 6299: 6251: 6125: 6078: 6010: 5950: 5940: 5862: 5789: 5709: 5650: 5534: 5452: 5362: 5324: 5310: 5279: 5152: 5016: 4970: 4959: 4929: 4886: 4821: 4624: 4570: 4537: 4120: 4059: 4033: 3641:. University of Chicago Press. 2003. Archived from 2297:MacFarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (1797). "Peter". 2271:Hooper, William; Bielfeld, Jacob Friedrich (1770). 2203:

The Elements of Astronomy, Physical and Geometrical

90: 3422: 2319:MacFarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (1797). "Paul". 1909: 1527:Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of the Lord 1439:, "vulgar" dates were determined according to the 773:, 'after our era'). In scholarly writing, 2106:. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). London. p. 698:following Jewish example nearly 200 years later". 490:. The 2006 style guide for the Episcopal Diocese 2447:. Wertheim, MacIntosh & Hunt. 1858. p. 2307:St Peter died in the 66th year of the vulgar era 2186:. London: Printed for the Company of Stationers. 1873:Blackburn, B & Holford-Strevens, L, (2003), 1584: 1582: 1479: – being an alternative form of 1435:As England did not adopt the Gregorian calendar 792:, OC can be expanded to equivalents of both AD ( 3081:. Family Foundation of Kentucky. Archived from 562: 120:("Lord") utilized by the other abbreviations. 3681: 3679: 3288:, meaning 'Year of our God/Lord Jesus Christ.' 3260:Michael McDowell; Nathan Robert Brown (2009). 2167:. London: J.L. for the Company of Stationers. 1637:. Vol. 10. London. January 1708. p. 1177: 1167: 1157: 1147: 6229: 5257: 4011: 2428:Popular Encyclopedia or Conversations Lexicon 2247:. Vol. 13. London: C. Bathurst p. 2205:. Vol. 1. London: J. Nicholson. p. 1969: 1967: 1847:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 1835:, Sausalito CA: University Science Books, 2.1 1563:"Keeping Time: The Origin of B.C. & A.D." 1224: 1214: 1204: 1194: 986: 980: 962: 956: 942: 848: 838: 828: 780: 774: 768: 762: 756: 750: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 595:of the two systems—chosen to be close to the 382:History of the use of the CE/BCE abbreviation 8: 3739: 3715: 2624:The Weiser Concise Guide to Aleister Crowley 2123: 2062:Before Christ according to the Vulgar Æra, 6 1688:"BCE date designation called more sensitive" 1542:. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance 1123: 1113: 1103: 1093: 905: 895: 885: 875: 674: 3755:von und zu Guttenberg, Karl Ludwig Freiherr 3497:. Maryville, NY: Orbis Books. p. 173. 3283: 3277: 2701:"Use of B.C. and A.D. faces changing times" 2558:. Dublin: Hodges, Smith & Co. pp. 1791: 1789: 1787: 1723:Westminster dictionary of theological terms 1643:... to the fourth century of the Common Era 1616: 1608: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1348: 1303: 1029: 1019: 1009: 999: 811: 805: 799: 793: 369: 293: 287: 286:on the title page of a 1584 theology book, 281: 257: 247: 237: 229:which was in popular use from dates of the 147:. He did this to replace the then dominant 113: 6850: 6747: 6526: 6321: 6236: 6222: 6214: 5947: 5321: 5264: 5250: 5242: 5216: 4967: 4128: 4018: 4004: 3996: 3855:"Jazyková příručka Ústavu pro jazyk český" 3305:"BC/AD Dating: In the year of whose Lord?" 3298: 3296: 2694: 2692: 2671:"Plymouth, England Tombstone inscriptions" 30:"BCE" redirects here. For other uses, see 3229:, by Sean Kilpatrick/The Canadian Press, 2886: 2884: 2882: 2791:American Anthropological Society (2009). 2121:Clivaz, Claire (2012). "Common Era 2.0". 1595:Joannis Keppleri Eclogae chronicae: (etc) 1353:("in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ"). 1343: 1341: 947:, "Western Era"), which is still used in 850:до Р.Х./от Р.Х. (до/от Рождества Христова 779:is the equivalent of the English "BCE", " 6784:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 2515:. Boston: Fetridge and Company. p. 1750:Irvin, Dale T.; Sunquist, Scott (2001). 1314:system of dating used by the government. 679:(before the common chronology). In 1938 523:(now the Canadian Museum of History) in 3521:Wilson, Kenneth G. (16 December 1993). 3352:Lefevere, Patricia (11 December 1998). 1934:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14903 1752:History of the World Christian Movement 1725:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 1635:The History of the Works of the Learned 1502: 1423:anni vulgatae nostrae aerae Christianas 1295: 603:priest and writer on interfaith issues 2323:. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p. 2301:. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p. 1849:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 1800:. In Coyne, G.V.; et al. (eds.). 816:would abbreviate to a mild obscenity. 656:Similar conventions in other languages 480:Norton Anthology of English Literature 108:, especially via the religious terms " 3835:(in Welsh). JISCMail. 19 October 2006 2730:"History of Judaism 63 BCE – 1086 CE" 2037:Johann Kepler; Adriaan Vlacq (1635). 1384:In Latin, 'Common Era' is written as 1085:) have also recently been introduced. 494:says that BCE and CE should be used. 7: 6198: 3136:"Kentucky Board of Education Report" 2787:American Anthropological Association 2604:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français 1911:"Kepler [Keppler], Johannes" 325:synonymously. In 1835, in his book 3167:Malkin, Bonnie (2 September 2011). 2899:, by Henry Bodkin, 12 November 2018 2622:Kaczynski, Richard (1 April 2009). 2469:. Oxford University Press. p. 2221:appear on the same page 252, while 1008:) and "př. n. l." or "před n. l." ( 155:"), an event he referred to as the 6583:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 3550:Whitney, Susan (2 December 2006). 3413:Safire, William (17 August 1997). 3262:World Religions At Your Fingertips 2775:from the original on 19 April 2016 2736:. British Broadcasting Corporation 2699:Gormley, Michael (24 April 2005). 2673:. Jewish Communities & Records 2583:(2nd ed.). London: T. Payne. 2375:The Living Oracles, Fourth Edition 2347:The Living Oracles, Fourth Edition 2075:"Merriam Webster Online entry for 1981:. Vol. 12. 1933. p. 326. 1660:Espenak, Fred (25 February 2008). 951:in formal documents. In 1949, the 685:National Socialist Teachers League 25: 3495:Christophany: The Fullness of Man 3438:Mark, Joshua J. (27 March 2017). 3303:Ostling, Michael (October 2009). 3019:. History Channel. Archived from 3000:. History Channel. Archived from 2863:. 9 February 2002. Archived from 1721:McKim, Donald K (1996). "C. E.". 1515:Merriam Webster Online Dictionary 1211:after the start of time reckoning 1083:n. e. (nove ere, (of the) new era 705:, common forms used for "BC" are 676:vor der gewöhnlichen Zeitrechnung 478:in its history tests, and by the 225:Era" to distinguish dates on the 6197: 6188: 6187: 5226: 5225: 5215: 3792:Ortografía de la lengua española 3464:Pollick, Michael (23 May 2024). 3202:"AD/BC rock solid in curriculum" 2909:Stonehenge glossary, "BC and AD" 2197:Gregory, David; John Nicholson; 1892:New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia 1875:The Oxford Companion to the Year 1686:Herrmann, Andrew (27 May 2006). 1598:(in Latin). Frankfurt: Tampach. 1244: 855:before/after the birth of Christ 761:, 'before our era') and 411:Some academics in the fields of 236:The first use of the Latin term 62:), the world's most widely used 6465:English and British regnal year 5078:English and British regnal year 3833:"Welsh-Termau-Cymraeg Archives" 3720:(19 May 1838). See page 175 in 3285:Anno Domini Nostri Jesu Christi 2530:Baynes, Thomas Spencer (1833). 2056:. London: Sam Buckley. p. 1877:, Oxford University Press, 778. 1806:. Vatican Observatory. p. 1621:", Latin for Common Era) (1615) 1350:anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi 1164:according to our time reckoning 521:Canadian Museum of Civilization 161:Anni Domini Nostri Jesu Christi 3693:. 7 March 1938. Archived from 3670:Society of Biblical Literature 3052:. 1 April 2005. Archived from 2465:Gumpach, Johannes von (1856). 2054:The Harmony of the Evangelists 1845:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). 1469: – or, with a 1079:prije nove ere, before new era 650:Society of Biblical Literature 242:may be that in a 1615 book by 95:), and to 1635 in English as " 1: 6578:Old Style and New Style dates 3764:. p. 149. Archived from 3525:. Columbia University Press. 2493:. London: Rivington. p. 921:, upon the foundation of the 785:" or "Before the Common Era". 749:also acknowledges the use of 54:) are year notations for the 6530:Pre-Julian / Julian 3208:. Melbourne. 21 October 2011 2728:BBC Team (8 February 2005). 2052:Le Clerc, John, ed. (1701). 2016:(per 1635 English edition): 1958:UK public library membership 353:The phrase "common era", in 292:. In 1649, the Latin phrase 289:De Eucharistica controuersia 87:annus aerae nostrae vulgaris 6763:Geological history of Earth 6633:Astronomical year numbering 6002:Geological history of Earth 3589:Southern Baptist Convention 3415:"B.C./A.D. or B.C.E./C.E.?" 3311:. Vol. 59, no. 10 1646:(Possibly the first use of 1260:Astronomical year numbering 991:, "Before the Common Era"). 648:" or "C.E."). The US-based 631:Conventions in style guides 625:Southern Baptist Convention 571:United States Supreme Court 246:. Kepler uses it again, as 239:anno aerae nostrae vulgaris 91: 7127: 5354:Orders of magnitude (time) 3807:"Writing Dates in Spanish" 3444:World History Encyclopedia 3358:National Catholic Reporter 3110:Louisville Courier-Journal 3104:Joe Biesk (15 June 2006). 1417:vulgaris aerae Christianae 953:People's Republic of China 931:Republic of China calendar 810:) is used exclusively, as 575:World History Encyclopedia 360:An adapted translation of 275:Merriam Webster Dictionary 132: 58:(and its predecessor, the 29: 6935:Thermoluminescence dating 6830:Samarium–neodymium dating 6183: 6065:Time translation symmetry 5211: 4131: 2857:"AD and BC become CE/BCE" 2835:10.1007/s11192-014-1352-1 2734:BBC Religion & Ethics 2169:anni æræ Christianæ, 1649 2021:]. Johannes Plancus. 2010:; Bartsch, Jakob (1617). 1979:Oxford English Dictionary 1662:"Year dating conventions" 1154:before our time reckoning 1100:before our time reckoning 1045:the common form used for 981: 957: 938: 849: 839: 829: 743: 7111:Secularism and religions 7106:Linguistic controversies 6649:Chinese sexagenary cycle 3333:. ReligiousTolerance.com 3017:"Jerusalem: Biographies" 2626:. Weiser Books. p. 1615:(Earliest-found use of " 1110:after our time reckoning 694:found it ironic to see " 104:, the central figure of 7086:17th-century neologisms 6863:Amino acid racemisation 6020:Absolute space and time 5671:Astronomical chronology 4146:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda) 3953:Hrvatski jezični portal 3929:Hrvatski jezični portal 3905:Hrvatski jezični portal 3880:Hrvatski jezični portal 3615:Chicago Manual of Style 3264:. Penguin. p. 38. 2579:Heneage Elsley (1812). 2509:Alexander Fraser Tytler 2487:Jones, William (1801). 2321:Encyclopædia Britannica 2299:Encyclopædia Britannica 2181:Sliter, Robert (1652). 2100:Humphrey Prideaux, D.D. 1992:Kepler, Johann (1616). 1926:Oxford University Press 1827:Doggett, L.E., (1992), 1517:. Merriam-Webster. 2003 1206:jälkeen ajanlaskun alun 1061:, "before Christ") and 315:Encyclopædia Britannica 283:annus aerae christianae 6868:Archaeomagnetic dating 6380:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 6070:Time reversal symmetry 5374:Italian six-hour clock 5177:Dungeons & Dragons 4583:Ethiopian and Eritrean 3740: 3716: 3687:"GERMANY: Jewish Joke" 3284: 3278: 3246:. 1910. p. 1116. 2947:"Guardian style guide" 2922:"BBC News style guide" 2162:WING, Vincent (1649). 2130:. EPFL Press. p. 2124: 1617: 1609: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1349: 1304: 1225: 1215: 1205: 1196:ennen ajanlaskun alkua 1195: 1178: 1168: 1159:meie ajaarvamise järgi 1158: 1148: 1124: 1114: 1104: 1094: 1030: 1020: 1010: 1000: 987: 963: 943: 906: 896: 886: 876: 862: 812: 806: 800: 794: 781: 775: 770:después de nuestra era 769: 763: 757: 751: 745:Real Academia Española 737: 731: 725: 719: 713: 707: 675: 597:date of birth of Jesus 567: 370: 294: 288: 282: 259:ab anno vulgaris aerae 258: 249:ab Anno vulgaris aerae 248: 238: 218: 201:1571–1630, the German 141:date of birth of Jesus 114: 92:year of our common era 86: 6768:Geological time units 5835:Time and fate deities 5780:The Unreality of Time 5719:A series and B series 5189:The Lord of the Rings 4896:Hanke–Henry Permanent 3667:SBL Handbook of Style 3602:ultimately His Story. 2817:Cavacini, A. (2015). 2402:Catholic Encyclopedia 1831:in Seidelmann, P.K., 1796:Pedersen, O. (1983). 1777:before the common era 1347:AD is shortened from 1201:before time reckoning 1149:enne meie ajaarvamist 1105:efter vor tidsregning 1073:). The abbreviations 1038:) is seen as archaic. 1016:before our year count 1011:před naším letopočtem 927:Government in Nanking 830:до н.э. (до нашей эры 782:antes de la era común 488:Jerusalem and Judaism 394:, they often use the 347:Catholic Encyclopedia 252:, in a 1616 table of 197: 48:Before the Common Era 6820:Law of superposition 6815:Isotope geochemistry 6086:Chronological dating 6055:Theory of relativity 5399:Daylight saving time 3744:(Leipzig 1862–1869). 3148:on 26 September 2006 3050:Maryland Church News 2998:"Jerusalem Timeline" 2550:Todd, James Henthorn 2398:"General Chronology" 1888:"General Chronology" 1302:From the Latin word 1004:which translates as 813:Cyn yr Oes Cyffredin 758:antes de nuestra era 492:Maryland Church News 295:annus æræ Christianæ 217:and writer on music. 186:begun by Dionysius. 184:switch to the system 32:BCE (disambiguation) 6953:Fluorine absorption 6930:Luminescence dating 6825:Luminescence dating 6733:Milankovitch cycles 6573:Proleptic Gregorian 6405:Hindu units of time 5379:Thai six-hour clock 4901:International Fixed 4839:Proleptic Gregorian 4460:Slavic Native Faith 3985:Jehovah's Witnesses 3813:on 11 November 2011 3645:on 9 September 2007 2972:"AP: World History" 2896:The Daily Telegraph 2867:on 20 December 2011 1373:History of the zero 1331:standard, do use a 1325:astronomical system 1095:før vor tidsregning 973:Hong Kong Basic Law 864:Ante Christum natum 215:natural philosopher 27:Modern calendar era 7101:Gregorian calendar 7081:1615 introductions 7055:Terminus post quem 7035:Synchronoptic view 7002:Linguistic methods 6963:Obsidian hydration 6898:Radiometric dating 6883:Incremental dating 6805:Chronostratigraphy 5909:Rosy retrospection 5887:Mental chronometry 5711:Philosophy of time 4571:Christian variants 3771:on 19 January 2012 3562:on 12 October 2007 3427:on 14 August 2018. 3233:, 27 February 2013 2370:Alexander Campbell 2342:Alexander Campbell 2128:; Reading tomorrow 1917:Grove Music Online 1650:in English (1708)) 1226:jälkeen Kristuksen 825:October Revolution 407:Contemporary usage 396:Gregorian calendar 333:Alexander Campbell 227:Gregorian calendar 219: 56:Gregorian calendar 7068: 7067: 6981: 6980: 6838: 6837: 6699: 6698: 6654:Geologic Calendar 6516: 6515: 6211: 6210: 6121: 6120: 6096:Circadian rhythms 5914:Tense–aspect–mood 5769:Temporal finitism 5646: 5645: 5622:Grandfather clock 5239: 5238: 5221:List of calendars 5148: 5147: 4847:historiographical 4714:French Republican 4620: 4619: 4378:Manipuri (Meitei) 3673:§ 7.1.3.2.)" 3624:978-0-226-28705-8 3532:978-0-231-06989-2 3504:978-1-57075-564-4 3271:978-1-101-01469-1 2793:"AAA Style Guide" 2706:Houston Chronicle 2150:and Beumler 1584) 2008:Keppler, Johannes 1956:(subscription or 1943:978-1-56159-263-0 1860:978-0-8028-3781-3 1736:978-0-664-25511-4 1698:on 10 August 2017 1692:Chicago Sun-Times 1561:Coolman, Robert. 1491:is the usual form 1454:Humphrey Prideaux 1285:List of calendars 1034:, abbreviated as 1024:, abbreviated as 1006:of our year count 923:Republic of China 867:) remains in use. 671:Moses Mendelssohn 609:Kenneth G. Wilson 438:England and Wales 339:as a synonym for 145:Dionysius Exiguus 16:(Redirected from 7118: 7060:ASPRO chronology 7009:Glottochronology 6925:Tephrochronology 6873:Dendrochronology 6851: 6748: 6547:Proleptic Julian 6537:Pre-Julian Roman 6527: 6322: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6215: 6201: 6200: 6191: 6190: 6108:Glottochronology 5948: 5864:Human experience 5724:B-theory of time 5322: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5243: 5229: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5083:Human (Holocene) 5068:Chinese Imperial 4968: 4888:Reform proposals 4843:Proleptic Julian 4605:Eastern Orthodox 4235:Germanic heathen 4213:Earthly Branches 4129: 4020: 4013: 4006: 3997: 3992: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3809:. Archived from 3803: 3797: 3796: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3683: 3674: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3650: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3558:. Archived from 3556:The Deseret News 3547: 3541: 3540: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3491:Panikkar, Raimon 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3470:Historical Index 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3421:. Archived from 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3386:(28 June 1999). 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3360:. Archived from 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3240: 3234: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3140: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3112:. Archived from 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3085:on 27 April 2011 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3058: 3047: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2974:. Archived from 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2918: 2912: 2911:English Heritage 2906: 2900: 2888: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2829:(2): 1661–1668. 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2797: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2767: 2757:radiocarbon ages 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2651: 2649: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2565:annals of Ulster 2546: 2540: 2539: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2378:. pp. 15–16 2366: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2350:. pp. 16–20 2338: 2332: 2331: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2235: 2229: 2213: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2127: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1971: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1913: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1884: 1878: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1842: 1836: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1793: 1782: 1781: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1703: 1694:. Archived from 1683: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1631: 1622: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1507: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1464: 1458: 1450: 1444: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1382: 1376: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1352: 1345: 1336: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1300: 1291:Explantory notes 1254: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1228: 1218: 1208: 1198: 1181: 1171: 1161: 1156:) and "m.a.j." ( 1151: 1127: 1117: 1107: 1102:) and "e.v.t." ( 1097: 1033: 1023: 1013: 1003: 1001:našeho letopočtu 990: 984: 983: 966: 960: 959: 946: 940: 909: 899: 897:Przed Chrystusem 889: 879: 857:, equivalent to 852: 851: 842: 841: 840:н.э. (нашей эры, 832: 831: 815: 809: 803: 797: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 754: 748: 747: 740: 734: 728: 722: 716: 710: 678: 647: 449:English Heritage 376:Aleister Crowley 373: 297: 291: 285: 269: 261: 256:, and again, as 251: 241: 180:Western European 178:became the last 119: 94: 21: 7126: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7013: 6997: 6993:Molecular clock 6986:Genetic methods 6977: 6958:Nitrogen dating 6945:Relative dating 6939: 6908:Potassium–argon 6855:Absolute dating 6845: 6834: 6793: 6772: 6737: 6713:Cosmic Calendar 6705:Astronomic time 6695: 6637: 6592: 6556: 6542:Original Julian 6512: 6479: 6441: 6340:Ab urbe condita 6318: 6295: 6247: 6242: 6212: 6207: 6179: 6170:Time immemorial 6117: 6074: 6035:Coordinate time 6006: 5960:Geological time 5936: 5919:Time management 5882:Generation time 5866: 5858: 5803: 5785: 5705: 5664: 5642: 5530: 5448: 5365: 5358: 5314: 5306: 5275: 5270: 5240: 5235: 5207: 5144: 5098:Nirayana system 5024:Ab urbe condita 5012: 4964: 4962: 4955: 4934: 4932: 4925: 4882: 4833:anthropological 4817: 4616: 4600:Liturgical year 4566: 4533: 4125: 4123: 4116: 4055: 4029: 4024: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3761: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3724:(Leipzig 1838). 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3697:on 17 July 2010 3685: 3684: 3677: 3665: 3661: 3648: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3565: 3563: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3533: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3364:on 13 July 2012 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3116:on 10 July 2009 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3059:on 20 June 2006 3056: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3015: 3007: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2889: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2647: 2645: 2641:Tracey R Rich. 2640: 2639: 2635: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2142: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1922:H. Floris Cohen 1904: 1903: 1899: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1872: 1868: 1861: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1795: 1794: 1785: 1766: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1737: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1701: 1699: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1633: 1632: 1625: 1590:Johannes Kepler 1588: 1587: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1520: 1518: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1465: 1461: 1451: 1447: 1441:Julian calendar 1434: 1430: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1346: 1339: 1322: 1318: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1275:Calendar reform 1250: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1216:ennen Kristusta 1179:pärast Kristust 1122:) and "e.Kr." ( 998:, the "n. l." ( 977:Macau Basic Law 877:przed naszą erą 720:antes de Cristo 658: 645: 633: 605:Raimon Panikkar 589: 542: 537: 517: 504: 484:History Channel 464: 434: 409: 392:Hebrew calendar 390:have their own 384: 317:uses the terms 267: 244:Johannes Kepler 199:Johannes Kepler 192: 137: 131: 126: 79:Johannes Kepler 60:Julian calendar 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7124: 7122: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7073: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7030:New Chronology 7027: 7021: 7019: 7018:Related topics 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6895: 6893:Paleomagnetism 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6848: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6691:New Earth Time 6688: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6620: 6615: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6552:Revised Julian 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6470:Lists of kings 6467: 6462: 6460:Canon of Kings 6457: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6412: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6385:Before present 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6343: 6336: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6195: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6113:Time geography 6110: 6105: 6103:Clock reaction 6100: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5956: 5954: 5945: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5902:time signature 5899: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5776: 5774:Temporal parts 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5744:Eternal return 5741: 5736: 5731: 5729:Chronocentrism 5726: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5540: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5514:Hindu Panchang 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5458: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5223: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5193: 5181: 5169: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Chinese Minguo 5070: 5065: 5063:Before Present 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4974: 4972: 4965: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4560:Calendar round 4557: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4218:Heavenly Stems 4215: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4015: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3971: 3970:External links 3968: 3966: 3965: 3941: 3917: 3892: 3867: 3846: 3824: 3798: 3782: 3746: 3726: 3708: 3675: 3659: 3630: 3623: 3606: 3576: 3542: 3531: 3513: 3503: 3482: 3456: 3430: 3419:New York Times 3405: 3384:Annan, Kofi A. 3375: 3344: 3322: 3292: 3270: 3252: 3235: 3219: 3193: 3159: 3127: 3096: 3070: 3034: 3023:on 20 May 2011 3004:on 20 May 2011 2989: 2963: 2938: 2913: 2901: 2878: 2861:This is London 2848: 2823:Scientometrics 2809: 2747: 2720: 2709:. p. A–13 2688: 2662: 2633: 2614: 2590: 2571: 2541: 2522: 2500: 2479: 2457: 2436: 2422:, ed. (1874). 2411: 2389: 2361: 2333: 2311: 2289: 2263: 2230: 2189: 2173: 2154: 2140: 2113: 2091: 2066: 2044: 2029: 1999: 1984: 1963: 1942: 1897: 1879: 1866: 1859: 1837: 1820: 1783: 1764: 1742: 1735: 1713: 1678: 1652: 1623: 1618:vulgaris aerae 1578: 1553: 1531: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1459: 1445: 1428: 1405:aeram vulgarem 1399:aerae vulgaris 1377: 1364: 1355: 1337: 1316: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1265:Before Present 1262: 1256: 1255: 1252:History portal 1239: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1223:) and "jKr". ( 1203:) and "jaa." ( 1187: 1140: 1133: 1086: 1067:poslije Krista 1039: 992: 969:mainland China 915: 884:) and "n.e." ( 882:before our era 868: 835:before our era 817: 786: 699: 657: 654: 632: 629: 613:slippery slope 601:Roman Catholic 588: 585: 541: 538: 536: 533: 516: 513: 503: 500: 463: 460: 445:National Trust 433: 432:United Kingdom 430: 408: 405: 383: 380: 328:Living Oracles 191: 188: 149:Era of Martyrs 130: 127: 125: 122: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7123: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7091:Calendar eras 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844:Chronological 6841: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6810:Geochronology 6808: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6743:Geologic time 6740: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6728:Metonic cycle 6726: 6724: 6723:Galactic year 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6664:ISO week date 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Byzantine era 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6326:Calendar eras 6323: 6320: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6220: 6219: 6216: 6204: 6196: 6194: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6091:Chronobiology 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6025:Arrow of time 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5997:Geochronology 5995: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5847:Wheel of time 5845: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5691:Periodization 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5617:Digital clock 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:Relative hour 5392: 5390: 5389:24-hour clock 5387: 5385: 5384:12-hour clock 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5232: 5224: 5222: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5048:Anno Martyrum 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4963:and numbering 4958: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4878:'Pataphysical 4876: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:Tōnalpōhualli 4645: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401:Vikram Samvat 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4255:Vikram Samvat 4253: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3930: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3786: 3783: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3457: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3431: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3406: 3394:on 1 May 2011 3393: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3345: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3309:History Today 3306: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3280: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231:National Post 3228: 3223: 3220: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3173:The Telegraph 3170: 3163: 3160: 3144: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3097: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3022: 3018: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2978:on 5 May 2011 2977: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2810: 2794: 2788: 2771: 2764: 2763:"Style Guide" 2758: 2751: 2748: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2721: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2644: 2643:"Judaism 101" 2637: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2599:Félix Gaffiot 2594: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Christian Era 2216: 2215:Before Christ 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2190: 2185: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2143: 2141:9782889141494 2137: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2080: 2078: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1920:. Revised by 1919: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1765:0-567-08866-9 1761: 1757: 1753: 1746: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1682: 1679: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1567: 1564: 1557: 1554: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1516: 1512: 1511:"Anno Domini" 1506: 1503: 1497: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1411:anni vulgaris 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1387:Aera Vulgaris 1381: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1221:before Christ 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1176:) and "pKr" ( 1175: 1174:before Christ 1170: 1169:enne Kristust 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1125:efter Kristus 1121: 1120:before Christ 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 993: 989: 978: 974: 970: 965: 954: 950: 945: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 913: 908: 907:po Chrystusie 903: 902:before Christ 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 869: 866: 865: 860: 856: 846: 836: 826: 822: 818: 814: 808: 802: 801:Oes Cyffredin 796: 791: 787: 783: 777: 771: 765: 759: 753: 746: 739: 735:) instead of 733: 727: 721: 715: 709: 704: 700: 697: 693: 691: 686: 682: 677: 672: 668: 664: 660: 659: 655: 653: 651: 643: 639: 630: 628: 626: 622: 617: 614: 611:speculated a 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 586: 584: 582: 581: 580:History Today 576: 572: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 550:Jesus as Lord 547: 539: 534: 532: 530: 526: 522: 519:In 2013, the 514: 512: 510: 501: 499: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:College Board 473: 472:World Almanac 469: 462:United States 461: 459: 457: 456: 450: 446: 443:In 2018, the 441: 439: 431: 429: 426: 422: 418: 414: 406: 404: 402: 397: 393: 389: 381: 379: 377: 372: 367: 363: 358: 356: 351: 349: 348: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 299: 296: 290: 284: 278: 276: 271: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 234: 232: 228: 224: 216: 212: 208: 207:mathematician 204: 200: 196: 189: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 136: 128: 123: 121: 118: 117: 111: 107: 103: 98: 93: 88: 84: 80: 75: 73: 72:Before Christ 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6973:Stratigraphy 6918:Uranium–lead 6888:Lichenometry 6686:Winter count 6669:Mesoamerican 6597:Astronomical 6415:Mesoamerican 6400:Sothic cycle 6375:Seleucid era 6360:Bosporan era 6349: 6348: / 6338: 6286:Paleontology 6165:Time capsule 6159:Tempus fugit 6157: 6079:Other fields 5778: 5759:Perdurantism 5681:Calendar era 5633: 5626: 5612:Cuckoo clock 5549:astronomical 5523: 5349:Unit of time 5280:Key concepts 5199: 5187: 5184:Middle-earth 5175: 5163: 5037: 4933:applications 4931:Displays and 4841: / 4822:By specialty 4791: 4652:Xiuhpōhualli 4550:Mesoamerican 4396:Nepal Sambat 4067:Astronomical 3988: 3980: 3956:. Retrieved 3952: 3944: 3932:. Retrieved 3928: 3920: 3908:. Retrieved 3904: 3895: 3883:. Retrieved 3879: 3870: 3858:. Retrieved 3849: 3837:. Retrieved 3827: 3815:. Retrieved 3811:the original 3801: 3791: 3785: 3773:. Retrieved 3766:the original 3757:(May 1938). 3749: 3735:Julius Fürst 3729: 3711: 3699:. Retrieved 3695:the original 3690: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3647:. Retrieved 3643:the original 3633: 3614: 3609: 3600: 3593:. Retrieved 3579: 3571: 3564:. Retrieved 3560:the original 3555: 3545: 3536: 3522: 3516: 3508: 3494: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3469: 3459: 3447:. Retrieved 3443: 3433: 3424:the original 3418: 3408: 3396:. Retrieved 3392:the original 3378: 3366:. Retrieved 3362:the original 3357: 3347: 3335:. Retrieved 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3308: 3275: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3230: 3222: 3210:. Retrieved 3205: 3196: 3184:. Retrieved 3172: 3162: 3150:. Retrieved 3143:the original 3130: 3118:. Retrieved 3114:the original 3109: 3099: 3087:. Retrieved 3083:the original 3073: 3061:. Retrieved 3054:the original 3049: 3037: 3025:. Retrieved 3021:the original 3006:. Retrieved 3002:the original 2992: 2980:. Retrieved 2976:the original 2966: 2954:. Retrieved 2950: 2941: 2929:. Retrieved 2925: 2916: 2904: 2894: 2869:. Retrieved 2865:the original 2860: 2851: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2785:whereas the 2777:. Retrieved 2750: 2738:. Retrieved 2733: 2723: 2711:. Retrieved 2704: 2682: 2675:. Retrieved 2665: 2653: 2646:. Retrieved 2636: 2623: 2617: 2602: 2593: 2580: 2574: 2562: 2554: 2544: 2531: 2525: 2512: 2503: 2489: 2482: 2474: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2444: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2380:. Retrieved 2374: 2364: 2352:. Retrieved 2346: 2336: 2328: 2320: 2314: 2306: 2298: 2292: 2284: 2272: 2266: 2254: 2252: 2243: 2239:Sale, George 2233: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2199:John Morphew 2192: 2182: 2176: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2145: 2122: 2116: 2103: 2094: 2082:. Retrieved 2076: 2069: 2061: 2053: 2047: 2038: 2032: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1987: 1978: 1949:26 September 1947:. Retrieved 1915: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1874: 1869: 1846: 1840: 1832: 1823: 1811:. Retrieved 1802: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1751: 1745: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1702:18 September 1700:. Retrieved 1696:the original 1691: 1681: 1669:. Retrieved 1655: 1647: 1642: 1634: 1607: 1594: 1569:. Retrieved 1566:Live Science 1565: 1556: 1544:. Retrieved 1534: 1526: 1519:. Retrieved 1514: 1505: 1466: 1462: 1448: 1431: 1393:æræ vulgaris 1380: 1371:As noted in 1367: 1358: 1319: 1298: 1280:Holocene Era 1231:after Christ 1230: 1220: 1210: 1200: 1184:after Christ 1183: 1173: 1163: 1153: 1146:, "e.m.a." ( 1130:after Christ 1129: 1119: 1109: 1099: 1092:, "f.v.t." ( 1082: 1078: 1074: 1071:after Christ 1070: 1066: 1062: 1059:prije Krista 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1035: 1031:před Kristem 1025: 1015: 1005: 988:gōngyuánqián 929:adopted the 912:after Christ 911: 901: 891: 881: 874:, "p.n.e." ( 854: 844: 834: 689: 681:Nazi Germany 634: 618: 590: 578: 568: 563: 560:has argued: 545: 543: 518: 505: 496: 491: 465: 455:The Guardian 453: 442: 435: 410: 400: 385: 371:Era Vulgaris 361: 359: 352: 345: 340: 336: 326: 322: 318: 310: 306: 302: 300: 279: 272: 263: 235: 220: 165: 160: 138: 106:Christianity 76: 64:calendar era 51: 47: 43: 39: 38: 36: 6913:Radiocarbon 6588:Dual dating 6447:Regnal year 6425:Short Count 6365:Bostran era 6346:Anno Domini 6279:Big History 6259:Archaeology 6175:Time travel 6153:System time 6060:Time domain 6045:Proper time 5869:use of time 5840:Father Time 5820:Immortality 5810:Ages of Man 5739:Endurantism 5696:Regnal year 5676:Big History 5605:water-based 5504:Solar Hijri 5414:Hexadecimal 5364:Measurement 5326:Chronometry 5312:Measurement 5034:Anno Domini 5003:Regnal year 4998:Regnal name 4971:Terminology 4961:Year naming 4916:Symmetry454 4766:Pentecontad 4689:Culāsakaraj 4674:Cappadocian 4406:Yele Sambat 4292:Zoroastrian 4186:Bangladeshi 4124:limited use 4102:Solar Hijri 4097:Lunar Hijri 4060:In wide use 3926:"pr. n. e." 3839:29 February 3591:. June 2000 3368:26 February 3279:Anno Domini 2798:. p. 3 2420:A. Whitelaw 2225:appears on 2125:Lire demain 1906:Jeans, Susi 1829:"Calendars" 1571:11 November 1546:12 November 1312:regnal year 1115:før Kristus 421:archaeology 401:Current Era 254:ephemerides 231:regnal year 182:country to 174:. In 1422, 157:Incarnation 135:Anno Domini 68:Anno Domini 7096:Chronology 7075:Categories 6508:Vietnamese 6420:Long Count 6355:Anno Mundi 6350:Common Era 6252:Key topics 6245:Chronology 5877:Chronemics 5852:Kalachakra 5764:Presentism 5749:Eternalism 5655:Chronology 5593:mechanical 5544:Main types 5462:Main types 5140:Vietnamese 5053:Anno Mundi 5043:Anno Lucis 5038:Common Era 4941:Electronic 4911:Positivist 4873:Discordian 4863:Dreamspell 4798:Sexagenary 4739:Macedonian 4709:Florentine 4659:Babylonian 4625:Historical 4555:Long Count 4509:Vietnamese 4465:Macedonian 4428:Nanakshahi 4358:Lithuanian 4228:Solar term 3817:5 February 3701:5 February 3175:. London. 2931:11 October 2871:5 February 2779:16 January 2223:Vulgar Era 2077:Vulgar Era 1996:. Plancus. 1924:. Oxford: 1773:common era 1709:Christians 1648:common era 1498:References 1437:until 1752 1193:, "eaa." 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