526:
148:
6417:
709:'s ideology and Nehru's vision and became determined to fight for Indian independence. He became actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement and returned to Malaya. He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (renamed Malaysian Indian Congress after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946, and was party president until 1947. The word 'Congress' in the party's name refers to the
5283:
811:
toured plantations and encouraged Tamils to join the MIC. This led to a fragmentation of the Indian community, with traditionalists and the lower middle class becoming prominent in the party while upper-class professionals and the intelligentsia moved away from it. Two paths to leadership emerged in the Indian community, via politics or via trade union activism, with very little interaction between them.
6405:
685:
3867:
1873:
36:
1836:
1910:
1622:
789:
were labourers in plantations. Indian plantation workers experienced enforced segregation because of plantation compound housing. The plantation labour system also worked against the integration of Indian workers into society and perpetuated racial and occupational differentiation. Plantation workers were unable to acquire the skills required to move to better-paying jobs.
2770:
2717:
2670:
2623:
2576:
2486:
2397:
2350:
2305:
2260:
2215:
2123:
2076:
2530:
2442:
2170:
873:. The party sponsored the Nesa Multipurpose Cooperative and the MIC Unit Trust as part of its programme for economic ventures. It also set up the MIC Education Fund for members' children and the Malaysian Indian Scholarship Fund for higher education as well as acquiring an Institute for training Indians in technical and trade skills.
797:
urged Tamils to boycott the MIC. This was followed by a call for change in MIC's leadership, led by Tamil MIC leaders, and
Devaser stepped down. The MIC then faced the challenge of reconciling the political aspirations of the middle class with the needs of the working class, who at the time comprised
892:
Samy Vellu became MIC president in 1979 and served until 2010. Under his leadership, in 1984, the MIC founded the Maju
Institute of Education Development (MIED) to offer educational opportunities and financial support to Indian students in Malaysia. Since its establishment, more than 10,000 students
792:
Migrant plantation workers were both marginalised and polarised in Malaya. Their wages were tied to rubber prices, falling when the rubber price fell, and were about 50c per day. Devaser came under heavy criticism from the Tamil media for not addressing the pressing issues facing the community. Some
897:
with the stated goal of helping
Indians acquire professional training. Vellu was the founding chancellor of the university. By 2018, the university had achieved a score of 4 on the Malaysian Higher Education Institution's 5-point rating scale. However, AIMST's commitment to training Indian students
810:
was elected as the fifth
President of the Malayan Indian Congress. Sambanthan started a recruitment campaign among plantation workers, relying on the patronage of Hinduism in its popular South Indian form, increased use of the Tamil language, and encouraging Tamil cultural activities. He personally
788:
Devaser was primarily popular among the urban-based Indian elite, and lacked wider grassroots support. For the first eight years, MIC leaders were either of North Indian or
Malayalee origin, a minority among Malayan Indians. The majority of Indians in Malaya at that time were Tamils, most of whom
822:
Sambanthan sold approximately half of his father's 2.4 km rubber estate and donated part of the money to the MIC. He was not uniformly popular but was able to gradually unite a party that had significant internal divides. During his presidency, in 1957, Malaysian independence was achieved.
814:
Under
Sambanthan's leadership, the MIC effectively became a Tamil party. Sambanthan served as president of the MIC until 1971 and was largely responsible for the transformation of the party to a conservative and traditionalist party emphasising Indian culture, religion and language. It was the
818:
The Indian community was geographically dispersed and divided and comprised less than 25% of the population in any constituency. The MIC's overriding concern was therefore to remain a partner in the
Alliance and obtain whatever concessions it could from the dominant UMNO. This led the MIC to
784:
in the
Alliance, securing a place for Indians in the administration. The party's broader membership was less enthusiastic than the MIC leadership about joining the Alliance but were willing to support the move if the party could secure concessions from the Alliance on inter-communal issues,
6382:
744:
K. Ramanathan became president in 1950. By this time, the MIC was the leading party representing
Indians in Malaya. Ramanathan advocated for the relaxation of the language proficiency test as a prerequisite for citizenship for Indians, and urged Indians to obtain federal citizenship.
726:, unifying the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Although a majority of the Indian community supported the Malayan Union, the MIC did not. The Malayan Union was dissolved in 1948 after widespread Malay protests and replaced with the
880:, Datuk K. Pathmanaban, a Harvard MBA holder, and several others. They were young, well-educated and ambitious but lacked grassroots experience. Subramaniam was hand-picked by Manickavasagam to become deputy president and succeed him, but the party elected
721:
After India gained independence in 1947, the MIC changed its focus and started to fight for the independence of Malaya. Baba Budh Singh Ji became president of MIC in 1947. After World War II, the
British had established the
1679:
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1587:
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53:
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who served from 2010 to 2014. Subramaniam was then elected, initially in an acting role, serving from 2014 to 2018. As of 2019, the party is led by
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5788:
5723:
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4584:
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weakest of the three main political parties, with the smallest electorate (7.4% in 1959) and had little support from the Indian community at large.
5410:
618:, which was in power from when the country achieved independence in 1957 until the elections in 2018. The party was among the first to fight for
6447:
5571:
4589:
793:
in the party felt that there was a need for a leader with a stronger relationship with the party's grassroots. In March 1955, the local daily
5661:
5287:
4511:
3608:
3319:
3300:
2827:
1738:
561:
6477:
6079:
5813:
5808:
5502:
5257:
6304:
5728:
5677:
5610:
5334:
5928:
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5362:
5213:
5208:
4022:
2847:
2822:
1774:
1730:
777:
654:
100:
866:
was being developed, and the MIC convened two economic conferences in an unsuccessful effort to advocate for the interests of Indians.
6259:
6204:
6074:
6034:
5908:
5733:
4323:
4319:
2857:
1790:
1696:
731:
411:
72:
6457:
6319:
6039:
5656:
5471:
4299:
4251:
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3385:
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2842:
2832:
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1764:
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1712:
119:
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6194:
6184:
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6069:
5718:
5692:
5561:
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5072:
4594:
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4347:
4295:
4275:
4247:
3730:
2867:
2862:
2837:
2817:
1782:
1756:
1722:
1688:
79:
6224:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
5687:
5512:
5395:
5339:
4774:
4343:
4271:
2747:
2694:
2647:
2600:
2554:
2510:
2466:
2421:
2374:
2329:
2284:
2239:
2194:
2147:
776:. The defeat showed MIC that it stood a better chance of gaining influence by joining the Alliance. In 1954 the MIC joined the
6019:
5994:
5858:
3848:
3541:
3424:
1979:
893:
have obtained loans and scholarships totaling about RM60 million MIED fund as of 2013. In 2001, the MIC and MIED launched an
57:
6239:
6014:
6274:
86:
5853:
5818:
5743:
5697:
5576:
5481:
5367:
4054:
3333:
2100:
2053:
863:
781:
658:
6395:
6244:
3640:
3348:
6324:
6289:
6155:
6009:
5803:
5758:
5592:
5453:
3375:
1929:
1635:
765:
761:
626:
388:
6099:
772:
and other non-communal organisations. The election ended with a failure for MIC as their coalition was defeated by the
6339:
6249:
6234:
6059:
5828:
5738:
5682:
5651:
5556:
4540:
3150:
1953:
757:, served from 1951 to 1955. It was during his period that MIC started to focus on the fight for Malayan independence.
68:
6264:
5705:
6209:
6452:
6344:
6314:
6089:
6024:
5838:
5428:
5377:
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4604:
4516:
4188:
4122:
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1892:
1855:
46:
6294:
6279:
6269:
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6054:
5984:
5923:
5778:
5581:
5497:
5438:
4714:
4579:
4506:
3841:
3573:
3193:
2225:
2180:
2133:
2086:
926:
773:
615:
418:
5863:
5848:
5783:
6029:
5943:
5009:
4948:
710:
619:
6219:
6094:
3678:
1560:
6254:
6084:
5823:
6329:
6299:
6214:
6160:
5843:
5833:
5763:
5476:
5448:
5329:
5187:
5182:
5141:
4849:
4824:
4734:
4470:
4448:
4440:
4103:
3490:"Political expediencies and the process of identity construction: The quest for indian identity in Malaysia"
1958:
769:
6129:
661:
formed the National Alliance in 1954. The National Alliance incorporated additional parties and became the
6334:
6179:
6139:
6004:
5979:
5938:
5753:
5517:
5387:
4834:
4749:
4669:
4474:
4466:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4426:
2740:
1483:
1451:
877:
3450:"The Malayan Indian Congress and Early Political Rivalry among Indian Organisations in Malaya, 1946–1950"
6349:
6229:
6189:
5773:
5713:
5620:
5507:
5420:
5238:
5162:
5057:
5024:
5014:
4709:
4619:
4462:
4422:
4401:
4393:
2687:
1570:
1564:
1554:
1550:
1428:
566:
504:
443:
266:
3597:"Unpacking 'Malaysia' and 'Malaysian Citizenship': Perspectives of Malaysian-Chinese Skilled Diasporas"
93:
3514:
6383:
List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
6372:
6049:
5798:
5405:
5082:
5042:
4943:
4859:
4684:
4634:
4521:
4488:
4415:
4397:
4389:
4309:
4195:
3973:
3295:
727:
638:
556:
6284:
5566:
4994:
4904:
4484:
4411:
4407:
4371:
4135:
4005:
3936:
3756:
3601:
Dismantling Diasporas: Rethinking the Geographies of Diasporic Identity, Connection and Development
2787:
1506:
906:
397:
218:
525:
147:
5953:
5933:
5748:
5602:
5586:
5463:
5433:
5223:
5172:
4912:
4869:
4704:
4385:
4165:
3899:
1289:
1251:
436:
401:
258:
235:
5793:
5643:
5218:
5192:
5106:
4935:
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4629:
4569:
4212:
3793:
3604:
3596:
3547:
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3420:
3381:
3354:
2322:
2277:
1640:
1382:
934:
847:
646:
248:
5918:
5443:
5354:
5177:
5116:
4953:
4879:
4864:
4764:
4729:
4614:
4432:
4285:
3871:
3461:
2780:
2733:
2680:
2633:
2586:
2540:
2496:
2452:
2407:
2360:
2315:
2270:
2232:
2187:
2140:
2093:
1359:
1309:
894:
870:
862:
Manickavasagam served as president of MIC from 1973 to 1978. During this period, Malaysia's
807:
669:
662:
611:
425:
393:
6421:
6409:
6377:
5321:
5095:
5029:
4963:
4899:
4874:
4844:
4719:
4694:
4679:
4654:
4357:
4333:
824:
673:
362:
3350:
From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam
876:
Manickavasagam appointed several new representatives to leadership positions, including
5958:
5948:
5087:
5047:
5037:
4789:
4689:
4639:
4624:
4175:
4074:
738:
706:
698:
586:
6416:
3777:
869:
It was during this period that the MIC, as member of the Alliance, became part of the
637:
gained its independence, MIC turned its focus to the struggle for the independence of
6431:
5974:
5157:
5121:
5111:
5019:
5004:
4930:
4809:
4784:
4659:
4067:
3989:
754:
723:
5999:
5913:
5305:
5301:
5228:
5167:
5131:
5062:
4999:
4968:
4958:
4854:
4829:
4759:
4739:
4699:
3957:
3941:
3931:
3489:
1593:
902:
735:
684:
650:
489:
474:
333:
6th floor, Menara Manicavasagam, No. 1, Jalan Rahmat, 50350 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
17:
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4973:
4819:
4814:
4644:
4480:
4229:
3885:
630:
345:
35:
819:
compromise on priorities such as the political and economic rights of workers.
5126:
4925:
3625:
2640:
2593:
2547:
2503:
2459:
2414:
2367:
1405:
1231:
881:
851:
352:
307:
4978:
4920:
4261:
4205:
3805:"National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"
3434:
828:
3551:
3466:
3449:
823:
Sambanathan was involved in the negotiations with the British government's
672:
community, but has performed poorly in elections since 2008, losing out to
5282:
4219:
3814:
The Star (2 August 2006): "Education a Key MIC Thrust"; M. Krishnamoorthy
840:
642:
607:
5136:
4839:
4649:
3401:
2005:
1878:
836:
5540:
Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies
4532:
1999:
1841:
702:
645:), which was achieved in 1957. It positioned itself to represent the
3657:
610:
political party. It is one of the founding members of the coalition
3682:
717:
Baba Budh Singh Ji, Ramanathan, and opposition to the Malayan Union
2011:
1915:
1657:
1627:
832:
683:
634:
3377:
Cage of Freedom: Tamil Identity and the Ethnic Fetish in Malaysia
713:, the party Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence.
5890:
5538:
5298:
5253:
4536:
3837:
3658:"Corporate Profile – Maju Institute Of Educational Development"
3448:
Rajagopal, Shanthiah; Fernando, Joseph Milton (27 April 2018).
3731:"MIC turns 70, but AIMST intake of Indian students 'shocking'"
29:
3534:
The Indian minority and political change in Malaya, 1945-1957
884:
as Deputy President instead, by a narrow margin of 26 votes.
1684:
917:
843:, and the MIC renamed itself the Malaysian Indian Congress.
158:
676:, which also represents majority of the Indian community.
3826:
539:
1680:
List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)
850:
in 1973 after a rebellion by five MIC leaders including
625:
The MIC was established in August 1946 to advocate for
6135:
United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)
5769:
Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
1588:
Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament
1582:
Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
1545:
Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament
6393:
5814:
Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
1206:
Presidents of the Malayan Indian Congress (1946–1963)
741:
in opposition to the Federation of Malaya Agreement.
6310:
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
3626:"The NEP and Further Marginalization of the Indians"
668:
The MIC was once the largest party representing the
6148:
5967:
5901:
5670:
5642:
5619:
5601:
5549:
5490:
5462:
5419:
5386:
5353:
5320:
5201:
5150:
5071:
4987:
4888:
4798:
4773:
4748:
4668:
4603:
4568:
4370:
4342:
4318:
4294:
4270:
4246:
4239:
4157:
4121:
4089:
4053:
4021:
4014:
3998:
3982:
3966:
3950:
3924:
3908:
3892:
3880:
597:
532:
518:
503:
488:
473:
463:
452:
407:
387:
379:
371:
361:
351:
337:
329:
321:
313:
303:
291:
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275:
254:
244:
234:
224:
214:
206:
192:
168:
154:
136:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1669:Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
1327:Presidents of the Malaysian Indian Congress (1963–
6275:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
839:merged with the Federation of Malaya to form the
827:to draw up the new Malayan constitution. In 1963
5629:United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
3320:"Arvind wins MIC Youth chief's post uncontested"
749:K.L. Devaser and a focus on Malayan independence
6045:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
5990:Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
5345:United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
5809:Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
3772:
3770:
846:Sambanathan was forced to retire in favour of
622:and is one of the oldest parties in Malaysia.
6225:Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
5688:Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
5265:
4548:
3849:
3353:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 217.
184:
178:
172:
8:
5789:Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
5724:Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)
5662:Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
5572:All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)
6195:Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
6080:Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
5503:Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)
5472:Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
4988:Deputy speakers of the legislative assembly
196:
6200:Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
5909:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
5898:
5887:
5804:Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
5546:
5535:
5363:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
5317:
5295:
5272:
5258:
5250:
4555:
4541:
4533:
4378:
4243:
4018:
3856:
3842:
3834:
2853:Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
2800:
1806:
1705:Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
1598:
802:V. T Sambanthan and becoming a Tamil party
524:
146:
133:
6473:Indian National Congress breakaway groups
6265:Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
6240:United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
6035:United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
5995:Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
5734:Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
5719:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5693:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5657:Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
5396:United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
4140:Secretary-General: Richard Mosinal Kastum
3536:. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
3465:
858:Manickavasagam and non-political ventures
653:development of the country. The MIC, the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
6320:Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
6040:United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
6020:Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
5854:Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
5562:Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
4585:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
3599:. In Christou, A.; Mavroudi, E. (eds.).
2026:
1674:Malaysian State Assembly Representatives
1334:
1209:
697:John Thivy, the founder of the MIC, met
6400:
6305:Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
6245:Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
6185:North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
6105:Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
5859:Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
5829:Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
5482:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
3417:The Malayan Union controversy 1942-1948
3334:"Dr Shatesh wins Putera MIC chief post"
3311:
1577:Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
705:while studying law. He was inspired by
6443:Defunct political parties in Singapore
6290:Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
6260:Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
6110:Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
5739:Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
5611:Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)
4590:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
3419:. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
1569:Nelson Renganathan – appointed by the
6463:Political parties established in 1946
6438:1946 establishments in British Malaya
6280:Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
6210:Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
6120:Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
6070:Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
6015:Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
5929:Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
5819:Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
5652:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
5513:Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)
4512:List of political parties in Malaysia
3532:Brown, Rajeswary Ampalavanar (1981).
3301:List of political parties in Malaysia
2828:Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
1739:Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
1592:As of 2019, MIC has only 1 MP in the
1055:44 Central Working Committee Members:
762:1952 Kuala Lumpur Municipal Elections
760:Under Devaser, the MIC contested the
7:
6250:United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
6100:Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
5985:Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
5968:Defunct former parliamentary parties
5577:Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)
5429:Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
5401:Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
4891:Speakers of the legislative assembly
4181:Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)
3706:"Varsity to keep chasing excellence"
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
888:Samy Vellu and emphasis on education
58:adding citations to reliable sources
6215:Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
6090:National Association of Perak (NAP)
5784:Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
5593:Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
5368:Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
5209:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
3646:from the original on 4 August 2016.
2848:Selangor State Legislative Assembly
2823:Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
1775:Selangor State Legislative Assembly
1731:Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
778:United Malays National Organisation
655:United Malays National Organisation
6325:Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
6295:Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
6235:United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
6156:Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
6115:Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
5871:Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)
5864:Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
5759:Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
5706:Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
5557:Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
5411:Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
4082:Youth Chief: Nicole Wong Siaw Ting
3803:Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005).
3790:Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics
2858:Malacca State Legislative Assembly
1791:Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
1697:Malacca State Legislative Assembly
732:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
412:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
25:
6270:Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
6060:Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
5799:Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
5779:Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
5744:Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
5683:Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
5378:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4225:Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)
3704:SEE, BERNARD (24 November 2018).
3347:Timothy J. Lomperis, ed. (2000).
2843:Pahang State Legislative Assembly
2833:Penang State Legislative Assembly
2813:Perlis State Legislative Assembly
1765:Pahang State Legislative Assembly
1749:Penang State Legislative Assembly
1713:Perlis State Legislative Assembly
798:84% of the plantation workforce.
693:John Thivy and Indian nationalism
6415:
6403:
6368:* denotes non-registered parties
6345:Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
6315:Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
6025:Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
5698:People's Alternative Party (PAP)
5454:Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
5439:Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
5281:
5151:Deputy leaders of the opposition
4776:Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha
4595:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
4114:Youth Chief: Thinalan Rajagopalu
4043:Youth Chief: Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki
3865:
3624:Anbalakan, K. (1 January 2003).
3374:Andrew C. Willford, ed. (2007).
2868:Sabah State Legislative Assembly
2863:Johor State Legislative Assembly
2838:Perak State Legislative Assembly
2818:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
2769:
2768:
2716:
2715:
2669:
2668:
2622:
2621:
2575:
2574:
2528:
2485:
2484:
2440:
2396:
2395:
2349:
2348:
2304:
2303:
2259:
2258:
2214:
2213:
2168:
2122:
2121:
2075:
2074:
1908:
1871:
1834:
1783:Sabah State Legislative Assembly
1757:Perak State Legislative Assembly
1723:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
1689:Johor State Legislative Assembly
1620:
34:
6468:Political parties of minorities
6255:Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
6220:Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
6055:Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
6010:National Convention Party (NCP)
5678:Malaysian Indian People’s Party
5582:Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
5373:Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
4046:Puteri Chief: Zahida Zarik Khan
4037:Secretary-General: Ahmad Maslan
4034:Deputy President: Mohamad Hasan
3488:Kailasam, A. (1 January 2015).
1986:
1962:
1936:
1899:
1862:
1644:
45:needs additional citations for
5944:Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
5824:Malaysian National Party (PNM)
5634:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
5449:Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
4201:Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)
3778:"Past Presidents of MIC – MIC"
2529:
2441:
2169:
179:
173:
1:
6448:Political parties in Malaysia
6205:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
6180:Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
6161:Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
6075:United Democratic Party (UDP)
6065:People's Justice Front (AKAR)
5980:Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
5892:Defunct parties and coalition
5844:Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
5834:Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
5774:Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
5764:Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
5729:People's Welfare Party (KITA)
5477:Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
5340:National Trust Party (AMANAH)
5330:Democratic Action Party (DAP)
5288:Political parties in Malaysia
4184:Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)
4143:Women Chief: Zainon Hj. Kayum
659:Malaysian Chinese Association
6335:Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
6140:Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
6125:Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
6085:Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
6050:Sabah National Party (SANAP)
6005:Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
5868:Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
5839:People First Party (URPARTI)
5754:Malaysian United Party (MUP)
5388:Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)
5335:People's Justice Party (PKR)
5214:Cinema in Dravidian politics
4171:Johor: Hasni Mohammad (UMNO)
4111:Women Chief: Mohana Muniandy
4108:Secretary-General: M. Asojan
3519:malaysianindian1.blogspot.my
3404:. Malaysian Indian Congress.
2872:Total won / Total contested
1440:2 years, 199 days
1417:31 years, 55 days
1394:5 years, 104 days
1371:9 years, 287 days
766:Independence of Malaya Party
753:The MIC's fourth President,
186:Mǎláixīyà Yìndù Guómín Dàhuì
6478:Dravidian political parties
6350:Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
6190:Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
6130:Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
5714:Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
5710:Socialist Alternative (SA)*
5621:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5550:Friends of Barisan Nasional
5508:Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)
5421:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5300:Parties represented in the
3881:Chairman of Advisor Council
3757:"Central Working Committee"
2807:State Legislative Assembly
1520:6 years, 65 days
1495:3 years, 20 days
785:particularly on education.
782:Malayan Chinese Association
730:. The MIC later joined the
598:
185:
69:"Malaysian Indian Congress"
6494:
6330:Sabah People's Front (SPF)
6300:Sabah People's Party (PRS)
5849:Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
5702:Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
5587:Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)
5406:Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
4825:Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan
4517:Malaysian general election
4079:Women Chief: Heng Seai Kie
4040:Women Chief: Noraini Ahmad
3515:"MIC – The Hidden History"
2806:
1677:
1585:
1542:
647:Indian community in Malaya
614:, previously known as the
394:Malaysian Indian interests
6366:
6285:Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
6230:Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
5897:
5886:
5567:Love Malaysia Party (PCM)
5545:
5534:
5316:
5294:
5234:Rise of Dravidian parties
5074:Leaders of the opposition
4715:V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
4580:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4502:
4381:
4146:Youth Chief: Edwin Laimin
3792:. Pelanduk Publications.
3761:Malaysian Indian Congress
3380:. NUS Paper. p. 26.
2803:
1996:
1906:
1827:
1654:
1613:
1468:2 years, 2 days
1343:
1218:
914:Central Working Committee
590:
579:Malaysian Indian Congress
552:
537:
523:
468:Saathanai Namathu Kaiyile
197:
160:Kongres India Se-Malaysia
159:
145:
139:Malaysian Indian Congress
27:Malaysian political party
6458:Indian-Malaysian culture
6340:Human Rights Party (HRP)
5749:Penang Front Party (PFP)
5498:Heritage Party (WARISAN)
5434:United Sabah Party (PBS)
4949:P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan
4801:Union ministers of state
3788:Goh, Cheng Teik (1994).
2023:General election results
1608:Parliament Constituency
1594:House of Representatives
1561:Mohamed Haniffa Abdullah
1030:Dr. Shatesh Kumar Sangar
711:Indian National Congress
599:Malēciya Intiya Kāṅkiras
200:Malēciya Intiya Kāṅkiras
6095:Radical Party (RADICAL)
6000:National Party (Negara)
5954:Barisan Alternatif (BA)
5794:Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
5644:Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)
5603:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5464:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5188:Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj
5183:Panruti S. Ramachandran
5142:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
4850:Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan
4735:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
4606:Union cabinet ministers
4104:Devamany S. Krishnasamy
4024:United Malays National
1984:Raven Kumar Krishnasamy
1959:Vidyananthan Ramanadhan
1529:Elected representatives
1000:Raven Kumar Krishnasamy
901:Vellu was succeeded by
604:Malayan Indian Congress
591:மலேசிய இந்திய காங்கிரஸ்
325:Malayan Indian Congress
198:மலேசிய இந்திய காங்கிரஸ்
5444:Love Sabah Party (PCS)
4835:Gingee N. Ramachandran
4751:Deputy chief ministers
3467:10.21315/km2018.36.1.2
2796:State election results
1934:Saraswathy Nallathanby
1484:Subramaniam Sathasivam
1452:Subramaniam Sathasivam
1271:K. Ramanathan Chettiar
1151:Peer Mohamad Bin Kadir
1094:N. Maneanay @ Muneandy
878:Subramaniam Sathasivam
841:Federation of Malaysia
689:
287:Saraswathy Nallathanby
162:كوڠݢريس اينديا سمليسيا
6166:Revolutionary Faction
6149:Other defunct parties
5355:Barisan Nasional (BN)
5239:Self-Respect Movement
5163:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
5103:V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
5058:Pollachi V. Jayaraman
5025:V. P. Balasubramanian
5015:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
4710:M. D. R. Ramachandran
4620:Aravinda Bala Pajanor
4164:Federal Territories:
3595:Koh, Sin Yee (2016).
2688:Palanivel Govindasamy
1816:Federal Constituency
1571:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1565:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1555:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1551:Vell Paari Samy Vellu
1534:Dewan Negara (Senate)
1429:Palanivel Govindasamy
1201:List of party leaders
1040:Deputy Puteri Leader:
1028:Deputy Putera Leader:
1012:Mohana Muniandy Raman
898:has been questioned.
764:in alliance with the
687:
631:British colonial rule
505:Dewan Undangan Negeri
447:(since November 2022)
267:Vell Paari Samy Vellu
230:Ananthan Somasundaram
6373:Politics of Malaysia
5939:Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
5919:Socialist Front (SF)
5322:Pakatan Harapan (PH)
5083:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
5043:Parithi Ilamvazhuthi
4944:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
4860:S. S. Palanimanickam
4685:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
4635:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
4522:Politics of Malaysia
4310:Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail
4196:Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail
3974:Hishammuddin Hussein
3415:Lau, Albert (1991).
3296:Politics of Malaysia
2722:Opposition coalition
2045:Outcome of election
1016:Deputy Women Leader:
1004:Deputy Youth Leader:
992:Executive Secretary:
808:Tun V. T. Sambanthan
770:Dato' Onn bin Jaafar
728:Federation of Malaya
620:Malayan Independence
602:; formerly known as
557:Politics of Malaysia
408:National affiliation
367:MIC Women's Movement
270:Kohilan Pillai Appu
54:improve this article
5959:Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
5949:Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
5924:Alliance Party (AP)
4995:Pulavar K. Govindan
4905:Pulavar K. Govindan
4136:Arthur Joseph Kurup
4126:Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4073:Secretary-General:
4026:Organisation (UMNO)
4006:Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki
3937:Vigneswaran Sanasee
3735:The Malaysian Times
2788:Vigneswaran Sanasee
2775:Governing coalition
2728:Governing coalition
2675:Governing coalition
2628:Governing coalition
2581:Governing coalition
2535:Governing coalition
2491:Governing coalition
2447:Governing coalition
2402:Governing coalition
2355:Governing coalition
2310:Governing coalition
2265:Governing coalition
2220:Governing coalition
2175:Governing coalition
2128:Governing coalition
2081:Governing coalition
1822:State Constituency
1563:– appointed by the
1553:– appointed by the
1507:Vigneswaran Sanasee
1142:Dr. A. Mangleswaran
966:Kohilan Pillay Appu
964:5th Vice-president:
958:4th Vice-president:
952:3rd Vice-president:
946:2nd Vice-president:
940:1st Vice-president:
927:Vigneswaran Sanasee
907:Vigneswaran Sanasee
864:New Economic Policy
627:Indian independence
398:Social conservatism
383:MIC Puteri Movement
375:MIC Putera Movement
264:Nelson Renganathan
240:Thinalan Rajagopalu
219:Vigneswaran Sanasee
5975:Malayan Party (MP)
5902:Defunct coalitions
5224:Dravidian movement
5173:K. A. Sengottaiyan
4954:V. M. C. Sivakumar
4913:K. A. Mathiazhagan
4870:S. Jagathrakshakan
4705:M. G. Ramachandran
4563:Dravidian Politics
4166:Johari Abdul Ghani
4134:Deputy President:
4102:Deputy President:
4070:(Deputy President)
4066:Deputy President:
4056:Malaysian Chinese
3900:Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
1365:16 September 1963
1318:16 September 1963
1290:Kundan Lal Devaser
1252:Baba Budh Singh Ji
1172:R. Balasubramaniam
1018:Vickneswary Babuji
982:Information Chief:
976:Treasurer-General:
970:Secretary-General:
755:Kundan Lal Devaser
690:
437:Perikatan Nasional
433:Allied coalitions:
402:Dravidian movement
380:Women's youth wing
357:MIC Youth Movement
259:Murugiah Thopasamy
18:Baba Budh Singh Ji
6453:Identity politics
6391:
6390:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6030:Semangat 46 (S46)
5914:Labour Front (LF)
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5247:
5246:
5219:Dravidar Kazhagam
5193:R. B. Udhayakumar
5107:R. V. Janakiraman
4936:M. Tamilkudimagan
4900:Si. Pa. Adithanar
4725:R. V. Janakiraman
4630:T. G. Venkatraman
4571:Political parties
4530:
4529:
4498:
4497:
4366:
4365:
4240:State Governments
4213:Bung Moktar Radin
4187:Negeri Sembilan:
4153:
4152:
4092:Malaysian Indian
4058:Association (MCA)
3967:Treasurer-General
3951:Secretary-General
3610:978-1-317-14958-3
3286:
3285:
2793:
2792:
2323:V. Manickavasagam
2278:V. Manickavasagam
2020:
2019:
1897:Shanmugam Ptcyhay
1804:
1803:
1666:
1665:
1641:Saravanan Murugan
1526:
1525:
1383:V. Manickavasagam
1324:
1323:
1197:
1067:D. Tharma Kumaran
1051:
1050:
972:R. T. Rajasekaran
935:Saravanan Murugan
932:Deputy President:
848:V. Manickavasagam
596:
575:
574:
562:Political parties
262:Asojan Muniyandy
249:Saravanan Murugan
226:Secretary-General
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6485:
6420:
6419:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6173:Marxist-Leninist
5899:
5888:
5547:
5536:
5318:
5310:State Assemblies
5296:
5286:
5285:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5251:
5178:O. Panneerselvam
5117:O. Panneerselvam
5092:P. K. Loganathan
5075:
4892:
4865:V. Radhika Selvi
4802:
4777:
4765:O. Panneerselvam
4752:
4730:O. Panneerselvam
4672:
4615:Sathiavani Muthu
4607:
4572:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4379:
4374:
4350:
4326:
4302:
4286:Saarani Mohammad
4278:
4254:
4244:
4127:
4095:
4059:
4027:
4019:
3874:
3873:Barisan Nasional
3870:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3827:Official website
3782:
3781:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3681:. Archived from
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3630:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3572:. Archived from
3562:
3556:
3555:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3281:
3264:
3257:
3242:
3230:
3221:
3187:
3176:
3144:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3082:
3068:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3006:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2801:
2784:
2781:Barisan Nasional
2772:
2771:
2755:
2737:
2734:Barisan Nasional
2719:
2718:
2702:
2684:
2681:Barisan Nasional
2672:
2671:
2655:
2637:
2634:Barisan Nasional
2625:
2624:
2608:
2590:
2587:Barisan Nasional
2578:
2577:
2562:
2544:
2541:Barisan Nasional
2532:
2531:
2518:
2500:
2497:Barisan Nasional
2488:
2487:
2474:
2456:
2453:Barisan Nasional
2444:
2443:
2429:
2411:
2408:Barisan Nasional
2399:
2398:
2382:
2364:
2361:Barisan Nasional
2352:
2351:
2337:
2319:
2316:Barisan Nasional
2307:
2306:
2292:
2274:
2271:Barisan Nasional
2262:
2261:
2247:
2233:V. T. Sambanthan
2229:
2217:
2216:
2202:
2188:V. T. Sambanthan
2184:
2172:
2171:
2155:
2141:V. T. Sambanthan
2137:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2094:V. T. Sambanthan
2090:
2078:
2077:
2061:
2048:Election leader
2036:Seats contested
2033:Total seats won
2027:
2016:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1807:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1662:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1599:
1473:Acting President
1434:6 December 2010
1414:6 December 2010
1411:12 October 1979
1391:12 October 1978
1360:V. T. Sambanthan
1335:
1310:V. T. Sambanthan
1210:
1195:
1169:Siva Subramaniam
1088:M. Mathuraiveran
978:Tan Sri Ramasamy
918:
895:AIMST University
871:Barisan Nasional
688:MIC Headquarters
663:Barisan Nasional
612:Barisan Nasional
601:
595:romanized:
594:
592:
548:
545:
543:
541:
528:
513:
498:
483:
458:
448:
444:Unity Government
441:
430:
426:Barisan Nasional
423:
416:
372:Men's youth wing
322:Preceded by
299:Teeba Solaimalai
297:S Shatesh Kumar
279:Arvind Krishnan
245:Deputy President
227:
202:
201:
188:
182:
181:
176:
175:
164:
163:
150:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6414:
6404:
6402:
6394:
6392:
6387:
6378:Politics portal
6369:
6354:
6144:
5963:
5893:
5874:
5666:
5638:
5615:
5597:
5541:
5522:
5486:
5458:
5415:
5382:
5349:
5312:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5248:
5243:
5197:
5146:
5122:A. M. H. Nazeem
5096:J. Jayalalithaa
5073:
5067:
5030:V. P. Duraisamy
4983:
4964:R. Avudaiyappan
4890:
4884:
4875:S. Gandhiselvan
4845:K. Venkatapathy
4800:
4794:
4775:
4769:
4750:
4744:
4720:J. Jayalalithaa
4695:M. O. H. Farook
4680:C. N. Annadurai
4671:Chief ministers
4670:
4664:
4655:Dayanidhi Maran
4605:
4599:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4531:
4526:
4507:Parti Perikatan
4494:
4372:
4362:
4358:Onn Hafiz Ghazi
4348:
4338:
4334:Sulaiman Md Ali
4324:
4314:
4300:
4290:
4276:
4266:
4252:
4235:
4149:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4025:
4023:
4010:
3994:
3978:
3962:
3946:
3920:
3909:Deputy Chairman
3904:
3888:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3737:. 2 August 2016
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3710:The Star Online
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3685:on 16 July 2013
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3576:on 14 June 2019
3564:
3563:
3559:
3544:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3497:Kajian Malaysia
3492:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3454:Kajian Malaysia
3447:
3446:
3442:
3427:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3402:"History – MIC"
3400:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3243:
3240:
3231:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3188:
3185:
3177:
3174:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3083:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3007:
3004:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2798:
2778:
2777:
2756:
2753:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2703:
2700:
2678:
2677:
2656:
2653:
2631:
2630:
2609:
2606:
2584:
2583:
2563:
2560:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2516:
2494:
2493:
2475:
2472:
2450:
2449:
2430:
2427:
2405:
2404:
2383:
2380:
2358:
2357:
2338:
2335:
2313:
2312:
2293:
2290:
2268:
2267:
2248:
2245:
2223:
2222:
2203:
2200:
2178:
2177:
2156:
2153:
2131:
2130:
2109:
2106:
2084:
2083:
2062:
2059:
2042:Share of votes
2025:
1997:
1909:
1907:
1872:
1870:
1835:
1833:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1655:
1621:
1619:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1347:Time in office
1344:Term of office
1333:
1219:Term of office
1208:
1203:
1193:
1148:V. P. Shanmugam
1136:R. Vidyananthan
1121:Dr. S. Ananthan
1091:S. Marathamuthu
1073:P. Kamalanathan
1070:K. Balasundaram
1052:
916:
890:
860:
825:Reid Commission
804:
751:
719:
695:
682:
674:Pakatan Harapan
571:
538:
514:
511:
499:
496:
484:
481:
459:Green and white
456:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
417:
414:
400:
396:
344:
342:
298:
293:
271:
269:
265:
263:
261:
225:
199:
183:
177:
161:
141:
140:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6491:
6489:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6412:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6158:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5708:
5703:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5314:
5313:
5299:
5292:
5291:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5254:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5088:M. Karunanidhi
5085:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5048:A. Arunachalam
5045:
5040:
5038:S. Gandhirajan
5035:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4790:M. Thambidurai
4787:
4781:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:M. Karunanidhi
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:M. Thambidurai
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:Murasoli Maran
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4478:
4460:
4430:
4419:
4405:
4382:
4376:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4320:Chief Minister
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:Mahdzir Khalid
4172:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4158:State Chairmen
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4124:Parti Bersatu
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4094:Congress (MIC)
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4075:Chong Sin Woon
4071:
4063:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
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3960:
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3926:
3922:
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3912:
3910:
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3896:
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3884:
3882:
3878:
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3860:
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3846:
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3832:
3831:
3820:
3819:External links
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3809:Malaysia Today
3801:
3784:
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3766:
3748:
3722:
3696:
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3649:
3633:Kajian Malysia
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3506:
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3440:
3425:
3407:
3393:
3386:
3366:
3359:
3339:
3325:
3322:. 9 June 2024.
3310:
3308:
3305:
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3298:
3291:
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2805:
2804:State election
2799:
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2794:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:S. Subramaniam
2738:
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2365:
2346:
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2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:Alliance Party
2211:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:Alliance Party
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2134:Alliance Party
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2087:Alliance Party
2072:
2069:
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2043:
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2034:
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2018:
2017:
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1678:Main article:
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1586:Main article:
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1543:Main article:
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1237:4 August 1946
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1199:
1192:
1191:
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1175:A. Krishnaveny
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1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:R. Supramaniam
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:Dr. T. Novalan
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:K. Subramaniam
1062:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1034:Puteri Leader:
1031:
1025:
1022:Putera Leader:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
987:
986:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
929:
915:
912:
911:
889:
886:
859:
856:
803:
800:
774:Alliance Party
750:
747:
739:Tan Cheng Lock
718:
715:
699:Mahatma Gandhi
694:
691:
681:
678:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
559:
553:
550:
549:
535:
534:
530:
529:
521:
520:
516:
515:
510:
508:
501:
500:
495:
493:
486:
485:
480:
478:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
454:
450:
449:
409:
405:
404:
391:
385:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
365:
359:
358:
355:
349:
348:
339:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
295:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
256:
255:Vice-President
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
170:
166:
165:
156:
152:
151:
143:
142:
138:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6490:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6411:
6401:
6397:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:Barisan Sabah
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5889:
5885:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:Other parties
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:Other parties
5489:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5284:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:K. Anbazhagan
5156:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:K. Anbazhagan
5110:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:P. H. Pandian
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:P. Seenivasan
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:G. Palaniraja
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:P. H. Pandian
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:N. V. N. Somu
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:G. Lakshmanan
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4660:M. K. Alagiri
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4567:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:Menteri Besar
4341:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:Menteri Besar
4293:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4272:Menteri Besar
4269:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4249:
4248:Menteri Besar
4245:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:Mohamad Hasan
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:Mah Hang Soon
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3990:Noraini Ahmad
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:Vice-Chairman
3923:
3917:
3916:Mohamad Hasan
3914:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:967-978-475-4
3795:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3697:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3603:. Routledge.
3602:
3598:
3591:
3588:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3387:9789971693916
3383:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3360:9789971693916
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:15 July 2018
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:15 July 2018
1491:
1489:25 June 2015
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:23 June 2013
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:30 June 1973
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:30 June 1973
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:S. Murugavelu
1159:
1157:K. Ramalingam
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1127:J. Dhinagaran
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:K. Sathasivam
1105:
1103:M. Karuppanan
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:S. Tamilvanan
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:Dr. A. Kishva
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:Women Leader:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:Youth Leader:
996:
993:
990:
989:
988:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
930:
928:
925:
922:
921:
920:
919:
913:
910:
908:
904:
899:
896:
887:
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
857:
855:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
816:
812:
809:
806:In May 1955,
801:
799:
796:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
748:
746:
742:
740:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Malayan Union
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
686:
679:
677:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
588:
584:
580:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
547:
536:
531:
527:
522:
517:
509:
506:
502:
494:
491:
487:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
462:
455:
451:
445:
438:
434:
427:
420:
413:
410:
406:
403:
399:
395:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
347:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:4 August 1946
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
296:
294:Puteri Leader
292:Putera Leader
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
239:
237:
233:
229:
223:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
191:
187:
171:
167:
157:
153:
149:
144:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6170:
6163:
5372:
5306:Dewan Rakyat
5302:Dewan Negara
5229:Dravidianism
5168:Duraimurugan
5132:M. K. Stalin
5100:S. R. Eradha
5063:K. Pitchandi
5034:K. Ponnusamy
5010:N. Ganapathy
5000:G. R. Edmund
4969:D. Jayakumar
4959:K. Kalimuthu
4855:S. Regupathy
4830:M. Kannappan
4760:M. K. Stalin
4740:M. K. Stalin
4700:S. Ramassamy
4228:Terengganu:
4090:
3958:Ahmad Maslan
3942:Joseph Kurup
3932:Wee Ka Siong
3808:
3789:
3760:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3734:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:the original
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3652:
3636:
3632:
3619:
3600:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:the original
3569:
3560:
3533:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3460:(1): 25–42.
3457:
3453:
3443:
3416:
3410:
3396:
3376:
3369:
3349:
3342:
3328:
3314:
2907:2/3 majority
2774:
2727:
2721:
2674:
2627:
2580:
2534:
2490:
2446:
2401:
2354:
2309:
2264:
2219:
2174:
2127:
2080:
2039:Total votes
2010:
2004:
1998:
1798:
1656:
1591:
1515:
1505:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1463:25 June 2015
1462:
1458:23 June 2013
1457:
1450:
1427:
1404:
1381:
1358:
1328:
1308:
1288:
1270:
1250:
1230:
1194:
1187:N. Saraswati
1178:R. Inbavally
1166:N. Sivakumar
1163:A. Sakthivel
1154:C. Sivaraajh
1145:S. Renugopal
1118:M. Rajandran
1112:R. Rajandran
1076:K. Parthiban
1054:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1006:Andrew David
1003:
997:
994:T.Kumaressan
991:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
931:
923:
903:G. Palanivel
900:
891:
875:
868:
861:
845:
821:
817:
813:
805:
795:Tamil Murasu
794:
791:
787:
759:
752:
743:
720:
696:
667:
651:World War II
649:in the post-
624:
603:
582:
578:
576:
490:Dewan Rakyat
475:Dewan Negara
467:
432:
429:(since 1973)
363:Women's wing
330:Headquarters
284:Woman Leader
276:Youth Leader
236:Spokesperson
210:MIC / ம.இ.கா
207:Abbreviation
169:Chinese name
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5518:Independent
5053:P. Dhanapal
4974:P. Dhanapal
4880:D. Nepoleon
4820:R. K. Kumar
4815:T. R. Baalu
4645:T. R. Baalu
4230:Idris Jusoh
3999:Youth Chief
3983:Women Chief
3886:Najib Razak
3741:14 November
3715:14 November
3663:14 November
3639:: 379–398.
1139:L. Manickam
1124:V. Arumugam
1085:S. Suppayah
948:T. Murugiah
440:(2020–2022)
422:(1954–1973)
415:(1948–1953)
346:Makkal Osai
343:Tamil Malar
6432:Categories
5127:Vijayakant
4926:K. Rajaram
4917:S. Pakkiam
4909:S. Perumal
4218:Selangor:
3566:"Archives"
3543:0195804732
3426:0195889649
3307:References
2641:Samy Vellu
2594:Samy Vellu
2548:Samy Vellu
2504:Samy Vellu
2460:Samy Vellu
2415:Samy Vellu
2368:Samy Vellu
2263:2 seats;
1886:Alor Gajah
1860:V Arumugam
1406:Samy Vellu
1232:John Thivy
1184:K. Kesavan
1079:D. Vincent
1036:R. Shaliny
984:R.Thinalan
960:Vell Paari
924:President:
882:Samy Vellu
852:Samy Vellu
519:Party flag
353:Youth wing
308:John Thivy
193:Tamil name
180:马来西亚印度国民大会
174:馬來西亞印度國民大會
155:Malay name
80:newspapers
4979:M. Appavu
4921:Munu Adhi
4421:Hussein (
4262:Azlan Man
4206:Azlan Man
2720:2 seats;
2626:6 seats;
2579:2 seats;
2400:2 seats;
2353:1 seat;
2218:1 seat;
2126:1 seat;
2079:2 seats;
2030:Election
1980:Tenggaroh
1516:Incumbent
1315:May 1955
1298:May 1955
1190:R. Nelson
1181:K. Arvind
1133:V. Elango
1061:M. Veeran
954:M. Asojan
829:Singapore
665:in 1973.
608:Malaysian
567:Elections
341:MIC Times
338:Newspaper
215:President
6422:Politics
6410:Malaysia
4463:Abdullah
4433:Mahathir
4220:Noh Omar
4204:Perlis:
4194:Pahang:
3893:Chairman
3641:Archived
3570:The Star
3435:22117633
3290:See also
2773:1 seat;
2762:172,176
2709:167,061
2673:1 seat;
2662:286,629
2615:179,422
2568:221,546
2489:1 seat;
2389:104,701
2308:1 seat;
1973:Mersing
1947:Sembrong
1923:Sekijang
1559:Tan Sri
1539:Senators
1130:S. Rajah
1115:G. Raman
1100:G. Sivah
1042:S. Teeba
942:T. Mohan
780:and the
657:and the
643:Malaysia
633:. After
616:Alliance
419:Alliance
389:Ideology
110:May 2019
6396:Portals
5308:and/or
5137:R. Siva
4840:A. Raja
4650:A. Raja
4373:Cabinet
4325:Malacca
4211:Sabah:
4174:Kedah:
4015:Parties
3689:2 April
3580:13 July
3552:8080662
3503:: 1–18.
2754:1 / 222
2701:2 / 222
2654:4 / 222
2607:3 / 222
2561:9 / 219
2517:7 / 193
2473:7 / 192
2428:6 / 180
2381:6 / 177
2336:4 / 154
2291:3 / 154
2246:4 / 144
2201:2 / 144
2162:19,269
2154:3 / 104
2115:15,711
2107:3 / 104
2068:26,868
2006:Malacca
1930:Kemelah
1879:Malacca
1849:Bentong
1825:Member
1611:Member
1329:present
1196:Source:
837:Sarawak
680:History
606:) is a
533:Website
512:5 / 611
497:1 / 222
453:Colours
314:Founded
304:Founder
94:scholar
5202:Others
4386:Rahman
4301:Pahang
4253:Perlis
4232:(UMNO)
4222:(UMNO)
4215:(UMNO)
4208:(UMNO)
4198:(UMNO)
4191:(UMNO)
4178:(UMNO)
4168:(UMNO)
3796:
3679:"Mied"
3607:
3550:
3540:
3433:
3423:
3384:
3357:
3263:1 / 42
3256:0 / 59
3241:0 / 15
3220:3 / 56
3175:1 / 28
3143:3 / 18
3134:2 / 56
3127:0 / 28
3120:1 / 36
3113:0 / 56
3106:0 / 42
3099:0 / 59
3092:0 / 40
3081:0 / 36
3067:5 / 18
3058:3 / 56
3051:1 / 28
3044:1 / 36
3037:0 / 56
3030:0 / 42
3023:0 / 59
3016:0 / 40
3005:0 / 36
2765:1.11%
2726:later
2712:1.39%
2665:2.59%
2618:2.21%
2392:2.21%
2165:1.60%
2118:1.02%
2071:2.68%
2060:2 / 52
2000:Pahang
1994:Total
1954:Kahang
1913:
1876:
1842:Pahang
1839:
1828:Party
1810:State
1799:
1795:0 / 82
1787:0 / 73
1779:0 / 56
1769:1 / 47
1761:0 / 59
1753:0 / 40
1743:0 / 33
1735:0 / 45
1727:0 / 36
1717:0 / 15
1709:0 / 36
1701:1 / 28
1693:3 / 56
1625:
1614:Party
1602:State
1350:Notes
1338:Order
1222:Notes
1213:Order
1046:
734:under
707:Gandhi
703:London
670:Indian
639:Malaya
482:3 / 70
464:Anthem
457:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4481:Najib
4408:Razak
4349:Johor
4277:Perak
3644:(PDF)
3629:(PDF)
3493:(PDF)
3280:1 / 4
3236:2022
3229:3 / 4
3186:1 / 1
2989:2 / 3
2982:2 / 3
2975:2 / 3
2968:2 / 3
2961:2 / 3
2954:2 / 3
2947:2 / 3
2940:2 / 3
2933:2 / 3
2926:2 / 3
2919:2 / 3
2912:2 / 3
2571:3.2%
2012:Johor
2009:(1),
2003:(1),
1970:P154
1944:P153
1920:P141
1916:Johor
1893:Gadek
1883:P135
1856:Sabai
1846:P089
1658:Perak
1652:Total
1636:Tapah
1628:Perak
1341:Name
1295:1952
1278:1952
1275:1950
1260:1950
1257:1947
1240:1947
1216:Name
833:Sabah
641:(now
635:India
629:from
587:Tamil
101:JSTOR
87:books
3794:ISBN
3743:2019
3717:2019
3691:2013
3665:2019
3605:ISBN
3582:2022
3548:OCLC
3538:ISBN
3431:OCLC
3421:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3355:ISBN
3194:2022
3151:2021
3074:2018
2998:2013
2748:2022
2695:2018
2648:2013
2601:2008
2555:2004
2511:1999
2467:1995
2422:1990
2375:1986
2330:1982
2285:1978
2240:1974
2195:1969
2148:1964
2101:1959
2054:1955
1989:MIC
1965:MIC
1939:MIC
1902:MIC
1865:MIC
1819:No.
1813:No.
1647:MIC
1632:P072
1605:No.
835:and
577:The
544:.org
542:.mic
73:news
4475:III
4445:III
4398:III
4346:of
4322:of
4298:of
4274:of
4250:of
3462:doi
2759:10
2173:;
2015:(3)
1976:N33
1950:N31
1852:N35
1661:(1)
1502:10
736:Tun
701:at
583:MIC
546:.my
540:www
56:by
6434::
5304:,
4489:II
4487:·
4473:·
4471:II
4469:·
4457:VI
4455:·
4451:·
4449:IV
4447:·
4443:·
4441:II
4439:·
4427:II
4425:·
4416:II
4414:·
4402:IV
4400:·
4396:·
4394:II
4392:·
3807:.
3769:^
3759:.
3733:.
3708:.
3637:21
3635:.
3631:.
3568:.
3546:.
3517:.
3501:33
3499:.
3495:.
3476:^
3458:36
3456:.
3452:.
3429:.
2724:,
2706:9
2659:9
2612:9
2533:;
2445:;
2433:7
2386:7
2341:5
2296:5
2251:5
2206:3
2159:3
2112:3
2065:2
1926:N4
1889:N7
1596:.
1479:9
1447:–
1424:8
1401:7
1378:6
1355:5
1305:5
1285:4
1267:3
1247:2
1227:1
909:.
854:.
831:,
768:,
593:,
589::
585:;
6398::
6175:)
6171:(
6168:)
6164:(
5589:*
5273:e
5266:t
5259:v
4556:e
4549:t
4542:v
4491:)
4485:I
4483:(
4477:)
4467:I
4465:(
4459:)
4453:V
4437:I
4435:(
4429:)
4423:I
4418:)
4412:I
4410:(
4404:)
4390:I
4388:(
3857:e
3850:t
3843:v
3811:.
3800:.
3780:.
3763:.
3745:.
3719:.
3693:.
3667:.
3613:.
3584:.
3554:.
3521:.
3470:.
3464::
3437:.
3390:.
3363:.
3336:.
2783:)
2779:(
2736:)
2732:(
2683:)
2679:(
2636:)
2632:(
2589:)
2585:(
2543:)
2539:(
2499:)
2495:(
2455:)
2451:(
2410:)
2406:(
2363:)
2359:(
2318:)
2314:(
2273:)
2269:(
2228:)
2224:(
2183:)
2179:(
2136:)
2132:(
2089:)
2085:(
1331:)
581:(
507::
492::
477::
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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