298:. Furthermore, the economic incentives of bonding for profit make it less likely that defendants charged with minor crimes (who are assigned lower amounts of bail) will be released. This is because a bail bondsman will not find it profitable to work on matters where the percentage of profit would yield $ 10 or $ 20. As such, bail bondsmen help release people with higher amounts of bail who are also charged with higher crimes, creating an imbalance in the numbers of people charged with minor crimes (low level misdemeanors) and increasing jail expenditures for this category of crimes.
38:
252:, have outlawed the use or licensing of "bounty hunters", requiring instead that bail bondsmen apprehend their own fugitives. Bond agents may also attempt to recover money forfeited to the court for the failure of a defendants to appear by suing indemnitors, any persons who guaranteed the defendants' appearances in court, or the defendants themselves.
280:
and similar organizations to continue providing bail bond services pursuant to insurance contracts or membership agreements. While not outright illegal, the practice of bail bond services has effectively ended in
Massachusetts as of 2014. Most of the US legal establishment, including the American Bar
306:
In
California, bail is heavily regulated by the California Penal Code, California Insurance Code and California Code of Regulations. All violations of the aforementioned constitute felony violations via California Insurance Code 1814— including administrative regulatory codes such as record keeping,
285:
have sprung up to combat the issue of discrimination, using donations to cover the bail amount for the arrested person. The economically discriminatory effect of the bond system has been controversial and subject to attempts at reform since the 1910s. The market evidence indicates that judges in
315:
Several high-profile cases involving bondsman misconduct have led to calls for increased regulation of the industry or outright abolition of the bail for profit industry. One of the most prominent cases, in
Louisiana, involved bribery of judges by a bail bonding agency. A far-reaching FBI
206:"There are 18 states where theoretically anyone can become a bail recovery agent..." In most jurisdictions, bond agents must be licensed to carry on business within the state. Some insurance companies may offer insurance coverage that includes local bail bonds for traffic related arrests.
323:
The
American Civil Liberties Union has criticized the practice of bail bonds as a form of injustice against low-income communities and fueling mass incarceration of innocent people, with the ACLU recommending automated text messages or robocalls for court appearances.
281:
Association and the
National District Attorneys Association, dislikes the bail bond business, saying it discriminates against poor and middle-class defendants, does nothing for public safety, and usurps decisions that ought to be made by the justice system. Charitable
244:
for that purpose. "Only the
Philippines has a surety bail system similar in structure and function ." In the past, courts in Australia, India and South Africa had disciplined lawyers for professional misconduct for setting up commercial bail arrangements.
958:
88:
with the
Professional Bail Agents of the United States and the American Bail Coalition forming an umbrella group for bail agents and surety companies and the National Association of Fugitive Recovery Agents representing the
239:
If the defendant fails to appear in court, the bond agent must bring the defendant to the jurisdiction of the court in order to be released from further liability of the bond. A bond agent may employ a
228:
and name the bonding agency as beneficiary. The agency thus gains a lien on the property, but can only take ownership if the defendant fails to comply with all court instructions and rules.
132:
Bondsmen obtain the release of defendants from jail by paying sums of currency and pledging, sometimes with their own property as collateral, that said defendant(s) will show up for court.
97:
and the
National District Attorneys Association, oppose the practice of bond dealing by claiming that it discriminates against poor and middle-class defendants while doing nothing for
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In some states, such as
Florida, bond agencies are responsible for paying any forfeitures, and risk being denied permission to write further bonds in the state if they fail to do so.
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how solicitations are conducted, collateral and treatment of arrestees. Under
California law it is a crime for a bail bondsman to solicit business at a county jail.
218:, required in order to post a bond for the full amount of the bail. This fee is not refundable and represents the bond agent's compensation for services rendered.
276:—had completely banned commercial bail bonding, usually substituting the 10% cash deposit alternative described below. Some of these states specifically allow
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is one of the states which allow an arrestee to use a residence as collateral for a bail bond. To do this, the applicant must register a
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Bond agents generally charge a fee of 10% for a state charge and 15% for a federal charge, with a minimum of $ 100 in such states as
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investigation code-named "Operation Wrinkled Robe" led to criminal charges and removal proceedings for various judges, such as
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746:. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. November 2007. Archived from
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Resolving a "Substantial Question": Just Who is Entitled to Bail Pending Appeal under the Bail Reform Act of 1984?
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In addition to the use of bail bonds, a defendant may be released under other terms. These alternatives include
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because the practice of bail bonding is illegal in most other countries. The industry is represented by various
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in 1898. However, clay tablets from ca. 2750 BC describe surety bail bond agreements made in the
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setting bail demanded lower probabilities of flight from minority defendants— see, for example,
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at trial, but those released via surety bond appear more frequently than other defendants.
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According to 1996 figures for the U.S., one quarter of all released felony defendants
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524:"The Fugitive: Evidence on Public versus Private Law Enforcement from Bail Jumping."
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400:
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495:. Board of County Commissioners, Miami-Dade County, Florida. 2014. p. 15.
844:"Michigan Lawyers in History—Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan's Leading Citizen"
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156:
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The first modern bail bonds business in the United States was established by
17:
645:
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379:"The Regulation and Control of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study."
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industry. Organizations that represent the legal profession, including the
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Laws governing the practice of bail bonds vary by state, although the
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172:
163:. The practice of commercial bail bonds is unlawful in the states of
66:
534:
489:
2014 Florida Law Enforcement Handbook Miami-Date Police Department
36:
1086:"Bail bondsman accused of defrauding government appears in court"
1175:
Commercial Bail Bonding: A Comparison of Common Law Alternatives
349:
345:
341:
126:
70:
1026:
356:. The choice of these alternatives is determined by the court.
159:, bail bond agreements must be verified and certified by the
825:"Can Bail Bond Dealers Reduce Discrimination? A Guest Post"
1122:"Bail Bondsman Accused of Embezzling Funds From a Client"
773:"Bail bondsmen are a thing of the past in Massachusetts"
65:
is any person, agency or corporation that will act as a
741:"Pretrial Release of Felony Defendants in State Courts"
80:
Bail bond agents are almost exclusively found in the
555:
The Law of Miscellaneous and Commercial Surety Bonds
873:"Bail Burden Keeps U.S. Jails Stuffed With Inmates"
537:. pp. 93, 96, 102–118. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
426:"Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S."
401:"Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S."
27:
Agent that secures an individual's release in court
1196:Bail Burden Keeps U.S. Jails Stuffed with Inmates.
624:National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies
527:The Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 47, No. 1
456:. San Francisco, California: Shaping San Francisco
381:Criminal Justice Review 38, no. 2 (2013): 190-206.
1068:"Woman Suing Bail Bondsman Accused Of Raping Her"
589:Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S.
545:
543:
799:"Bail Reformers Aren't Waiting for Bail Reform"
477:Cornell Law Review, 12.2, February 1927, p. 153
672:"Moving Beyond Money: A Primer on Bail Reform"
8:
1104:"Bail Bondsman Accused of Kidnapping Client"
592:, Adam Liptak, 29Jan2008, The New York Times
155:, has been widely adopted. In the state of
475:"The History and Economics of Suretyship."
959:"Browse - California Code of Regulations"
373:
371:
369:
450:"Corruption Central: Peter P. McDonough"
377:Johnson, Brian R., and Ruth S. Stevens.
365:
290:'s institution of a bond department at
196:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
41:A bail bondsman located outside of the
727:"Chapter 648 - 2011 Florida Statutes"
557:. Eds. Todd C. Kazlow, Bruce C. King.
522:Eric Helland and Alexander Tabarrok.
391:
389:
387:
7:
1027:"California Department of Insurance"
182:Applicable federal laws include the
1051:"California statewide email notice"
681:. Harvard Law School. October 2016
620:"Hidden Benefits of Car Insurance"
161:California Department of Insurance
25:
797:Santo, Alysia (23 August 2016).
771:Contrada, Fred (25 March 2014).
149:Uniform Criminal Extradition Act
69:and pledge money or property as
679:Criminal Justice Policy Program
1:
823:Ian Ayres (30 January 2008).
549:Watson J, Labe LJ. (2001). "
43:New York City Criminal Court
842:Maveal, Gary (March 2000).
529:. pp. 93-122 (April 2004).
424:Liptak, Adam (2008-01-29).
235:Recovery and bounty hunting
1243:
1177:(New York: Praeger, 1991)
1154:"$ elling Off Our Freedom"
987:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
939:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
915:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
891:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
854:(3). State Bar of Michigan
707:. Nevada State Legislature
334:pretrial services programs
29:
1140:"Operation Wrinkled Robe"
701:"NRS 697.320. Collateral"
646:"How Much Does Bail Cost"
202:Training and requirements
875:. National Public Radio.
194:, incorporated into the
125:, located in modern-day
95:American Bar Association
73:for the appearance of a
30:Not to be confused with
705:Nevada Revised Statutes
320:, and police officers.
260:As of 2007 four states—
192:Bail Reform Act of 1984
153:Uniform Law Commission
50:
32:Bail enforcement agent
248:Some states, such as
184:Excessive Bail Clause
40:
1031:www.insurance.ca.gov
935:"Codes Display Text"
911:"Codes Display Text"
887:"Codes Display Text"
848:Michigan Bar Journal
803:The Marshall Project
406:. The New York Times
340:or signature bond,
151:, sponsored by the
1007:"People v Dolezal"
829:The New York Times
626:. 28 February 2001
607:Florida Law Review
601:Keller D. (2008).
570:. Insurance.ca.gov
473:Morgan, Willis D.
429:The New York Times
318:Ronald Bodenheimer
111:Peter P. McDonough
86:trade associations
51:
1212:Legal professions
1110:on April 4, 2012.
1092:. March 26, 2010.
502:978-0-7698-9076-0
292:Detroit, Michigan
16:(Redirected from
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338:own recognizance
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748:the original
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568:"Bail Agent"
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328:Alternatives
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63:bond dealer
1206:Categories
1036:2015-09-17
1012:2017-05-11
992:2020-05-09
968:2020-05-09
944:2020-05-09
920:2020-05-09
896:2020-05-09
858:2012-06-17
757:2012-08-15
652:. Lawgical
574:2012-06-17
460:2018-12-13
434:2018-08-25
410:2008-01-29
360:References
302:California
283:bail funds
256:Regulation
157:California
77:in court.
650:AboutBail
342:cash bond
311:Criticism
274:Wisconsin
177:Wisconsin
75:defendant
47:Manhattan
1217:Sureties
808:13 April
777:MassLive
266:Kentucky
262:Illinois
190:and the
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165:Illinois
123:Eshnunna
121:city of
119:Akkadian
782:11 July
711:10 July
685:10 July
656:10 July
630:10 July
553:". In:
454:Foundsf
216:Florida
210:Pricing
186:of the
105:History
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352:, and
272:, and
270:Oregon
222:Nevada
175:, and
173:Oregon
67:surety
1157:(PDF)
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1222:Bail
1179:ISBN
810:2018
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510:2023
497:ISBN
127:Iraq
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