753:
87:
100:
583:, originally comprised three frigates, subsequently joined by three more vessels, forming a powerful raiding squadron. After resupplying on ĂŽle de France in July, Sercey's frigates cruised off the Ceylon coast, dissuaded from attacking the undefended ports of British India by false information fed to his scouts that a British battle squadron was at anchor in Calcutta. Turning eastwards, Sercey hoped to raid
943:
399:, knew that if he fled the French would rapidly overwhelm his ships so he decided to try a bluff. He would attempt to lead Sercey into believing that the convoy was formed not from lightly armed East Indiamen, but from the powerful ships of the line that the Indiamen resembled. Farquharson ordered his ships to advance in line of battle.
393:, who was escorting four ships through the Straits of Malacca to the west. However six East Indiamen were sailing to transit the Bali Strait on their way to China. On 28 January, at the entrance to the Strait, Sercey's squadron and the East Indiamen met. The EIC Commodore, James Farquharson, captain of
1163:
Sercey retired with his frigates to ĂŽle de France, where he learned to his horror of the opportunity he had missed in the Bali Strait. His squadron required extensive repairs, but the
Colonial Committee on ĂŽle de France remained rebellious over attempts to abolish slavery and denied his ships men and
699:
before sailing together to China. By choosing to come up through the Bali Strait rather than through the
Straits of Malacca, Farquharson had inadvertently led his fleet directly into the path of a French squadron whose six frigates were easily more powerful than his six East Indiamen. Farquharson was
738:
had lost its main topmast in the early stages of the retreat, and Sercey had noted that the
British ships were not pursuing with the fervour expected of a superior force encountering a weaker one, but Tréhouart's declaration convinced him he was outnumbered and he ordered his squadron to withdraw.
528:
for nearly four years. Although there had been significant fighting in Europe, the East Indies had remained largely under
British control. French forces in the region were limited, and apart from a few raiding cruises the French squadron in the region had been under intermittent
179:
640:
during
January reaching first Penang and then Madras by 13 February. Malacca was thought to be the most likely point for an ambush by the French squadron, and orders were issued by the committee for the remainder of the convoy, commanded by Captain Lestock Wilson
402:
Sercey, under orders not to risk his squadron, and fearing that he was facing a superior force, retreated, declining to risk a battle. Sercey did momentarily reconsider when the
British ships equally declined to attack the temporarily disabled frigate
516:
to
Britain. The value of the trade carried in this convoy, nicknamed the "China Fleet", was enormous: one convoy in 1804 was reported to be carrying goods worth over ÂŁ8 million in contemporary values (the equivalent of ÂŁ900,000,000 as of 2024).
636:, and on 30 December met with four East Indiamen and two smaller "country ships" used for regional trade. Rainier elected to sail immediately, without waiting for the remainder of the convoy to assemble, escorting his small convoy through the
172:
165:
2117:
485:
or ship of the line as their guns were lighter in weight and weight of shot than those of similarly sized warships, and their crew smaller and less well trained than those on a naval ship, and largely composed of
704:
approaching, Farquharson brought two ships forward to meet the frigate, gambling that in the low light Tréhouart might mistake the East
Indiamen for warships. Farquharson compounded his ruse by raising Rainier's
2122:
700:
aware that he could not win a naval engagement with six frigates and so resolved instead to bluff the French into thinking his merchant convoy was a squadron of ships of the line. When he saw
1209:
as the commander of this fleet. However Biden states that Lennox was confined below decks due to ill-health, and reports that
Captain James Farquharson was the actual Commodore.
615:
Sercey's presence in the East Indies was known to the East India
Company committee at Canton, who requested assistance from Rainier. In response, the British admiral sailed to
189:
1164:
food supplies. Eventually Sercey was forced to disband his squadron, sending four frigates back to France. Seven years after the Bali Strait Incident, in 1804, early in the
2132:
1176:, the EIC Commodore, managed to bluff the French admiral into believing there were warships among his convoy and the French retired after a brief exchange of gunfire.
542:
390:
1014:
670:
Rainier did not meet Sercey, who had learned of the British plans and altered his own accordingly. Sailing from Batavia on 4 January, Sercey cruised the
265:
674:
in search of the China convoy, wary that Rainier might be searching for him in turn. On 28 January, as Sercey's ships passed southward through the
1727:
1680:
1636:
1589:
1542:
1495:
1230:
China. The accounts sourced in this article however demonstrate that this was an error, which appears to have been first published in 1827 by
215:
565:
during the latter part of the campaign, and there had been few forces left in reserve to protect British interests in the Indian Ocean.
461:, had a legal monopoly on the trade between the region and Britain. The bulk of this trade was carried on large merchant ships known as
1085:
2091:
2053:
2017:
1995:
1973:
1954:
1935:
1916:
1894:
1025:
978:
580:
347:
124:
2027:
2005:
1983:
1231:
1200:
993:
679:
568:
In response to British activity in the region and the reluctance of the inhabitants of ĂŽle de France to follow orders from the
1074:
1045:
872:
466:
240:
1034:
965:
729:
600:
404:
379:
235:
210:
734:, Tréhouart hailing that the British ships comprised a battle squadron of two ships of the line and four frigates.
2112:
1004:
983:
685:
592:
534:
410:
363:
270:
245:
525:
322:
230:
196:
32:
2127:
1204:
895:
438:
1872:
2063:
1219:
1065:
804:
780:
642:
394:
225:
1868:
1192:
849:
521:
260:
105:
1121:
the day after the incident, wrecking the ship. Three men drowned during the evacuation, and the local
630:
157:
1904:
1882:
1196:
1118:
275:
220:
1734:
1687:
1640:
1596:
1549:
1502:
576:, the French dispatched a squadron of frigates to the East Indies early in 1796. This force, led by
1169:
1144:
and forced the ship to stop at Amboyna on 16 September 1797. There she embarked the survivors from
664:
584:
569:
1860:
1290:
752:
637:
620:
442:
359:
306:
91:
86:
2087:
2049:
2013:
1991:
1969:
1950:
1931:
1912:
1890:
1134:
1125:
inhabitants killed another seven in an attack on 15 February. The survivors departed on hired
558:
554:
546:
474:
418:
375:
367:
280:
59:
716:
The deception was so convincing that Tréhouart turned away well short of the British convoy,
1054:
927:
545:
had focused on commerce protection and the elimination of the colonies of the French-allied
351:
2079:
1173:
1165:
1122:
1711:
1664:
1620:
1573:
1526:
1479:
1426:
1222:, who refers to the "homeward-bound China fleet", state that the EIC convoy was sailing
1156:
on 7 February 1798, in a disabled state. The EIC thanked Farquharson and awarded him 500
1854:
477:, standard large warships of the period, a deception usually augmented by paintwork and
2068:
1301:
1153:
696:
355:
255:
2106:
1157:
1130:
975:
577:
462:
446:
344:
326:
310:
121:
1168:, another strong French naval squadron encountered a much larger China Fleet at the
325:— repeated French attempts to disrupt the highly valuable British trade routes with
724:("The enemy is superior in force to the French"). Sercey turned his squadron away,
550:
509:
498:
340:
330:
1296:
717:
706:
675:
656:
652:
648:
508:
of East Indiamen would gather at Canton, in order to sail in convoy through the
434:
318:
314:
299:
55:
1297:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
561:
in 1795 and 1796. Rainier had been engaged in pacifying local uprisings around
538:
478:
422:
494:
414:
678:
in bad weather, sails were sighted. Sercey immediately ordered the frigate
1110:
671:
530:
513:
493:
An important component of the East India trade was an annual convoy from
458:
302:
445:, which maintained trading ports throughout the region, most notably in
692:
596:
573:
562:
487:
482:
371:
713:
and instructing the rest of the convoy to raise ensigns of their own.
385:
As Sercey left Batavia he turned eastward along the northern coast of
942:
588:
505:
481:. Despite their appearance however they could not fight off an enemy
470:
454:
450:
1887:
The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV
1909:
The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V
1133:
safely on 28 February. The five surviving East Indiamen arrived at
1126:
627:
616:
501:
333:
691:
The sails belonged to a convoy of Indiamen which had gathered in
374:. Forced to make repairs, Sercey took his squadron to the allied
1637:""Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.80"
604:
409:, but eventually withdrew completely. He retired to his base at
386:
2118:
Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving France
2046:
Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age of Nelson
1856:
Naval Discipline: Subordination Contrasted with Insubordination
659:, which were thought to be safer than Malacca. Homeward bound,
161:
1109:
Clearing the strait, Farquharson turned the convoy into the
473:. Due to their size and weaponry they could be mistaken for
417:), where he learned of his error. The East Indiamen reached
339:
In 1796, a large squadron of French frigates arrived in the
2032:
The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1793–1820
2010:
The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2, 1797–1799
1988:
The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796
1137:
between 6 and 9 April, there taking on valuable cargo.
317:
on 28 January 1797. The incident took place amidst the
2123:
Naval battles involving the British East India Company
389:
to avoid the British commander in the region, Admiral
935:
746:
1966:
Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Era
667:
on 1 January 1797, and was at Penang by 27 January.
1140:On the homeward voyage from China, a storm damaged
926:, Vol. 2, p.79, voyage records of the vessels, and
2067:
1203:, in incorrectly naming Captain Charles Lennox of
599:on 9 September. He spent the winter sheltering in
1009:Scouting frigate – made erroneous identification
1728:"Letter of Marque, p.93 - accessed 25 July 2017"
1681:"Letter of Marque, p.89 - accessed 25 July 2017"
1590:"Letter of Marque, p.56 - accessed 25 July 2017"
1543:"Letter of Marque, p.53 - accessed 25 July 2017"
1496:"Letter of Marque, p.49 - accessed 25 July 2017"
465:, which had burthens between 500 and 1200 tons (
421:having lost only one ship, which wrecked in the
25:
541:, commanded in Eastern waters by Rear-Admiral
619:in his flagship, the 74-gun ship of the line
173:
8:
1874:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. III
722:"L'ennemi est supérieur aux forces Français"
298:was an encounter between a squadron of six
1660:
1658:
988:Flagship; lost maintopmast during retreat
938:
749:
180:
166:
158:
22:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1361:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1293:inflation figures are based on data from
1253:
959:
956:
953:
950:
774:
771:
768:
765:
759:
2133:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
1769:
1767:
1463:
1461:
1357:
1355:
762:
441:during the late eighteenth century. The
437:was a vital component of the economy of
425:in a storm the day after the encounter.
1836:
1824:
1758:
1467:
1277:
1246:
1184:
382:, sheltering there until January 1797.
1812:
1452:
1373:
1265:
1234:, calling the convoy "homeward bound".
1095:
1093:
923:
917:
688:to reconnoitre the approaching ships.
1785:
1773:
1117:onto a reef at Pulau Kalaotoa in the
919:
7:
2074:. London: George Allen & Unwin.
1859:. London: J.M. Richardson. p.
358:, but a subsequent attack into the
2070:War in the Eastern Seas, 1793–1815
14:
2012:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1990:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1026:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez
350:. In July this force sailed on a
2034:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1945:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001b) .
1926:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001a) .
1218:Some British histories, such as
1191:Most British histories, such as
941:
751:
98:
85:
2048:. London: Chatham Publishing.
1889:. London: Chatham Publishing.
1046:Jean-Matthieu-Adrien Lhermitte
979:Pierre CĂ©sar Charles de Sercey
728:passing close by the flagship
647:), to sail through either the
581:Pierre CĂ©sar Charles de Sercey
348:Pierre CĂ©sar Charles de Sercey
125:Pierre CĂ©sar Charles de Sercey
1:
520:By 1797, Britain and the new
1086:Charles René Magon de Médine
1080:
1060:
1040:
1020:
999:
971:
910:
907:
904:
901:
887:
884:
881:
878:
861:
858:
855:
841:
838:
835:
832:
820:
817:
814:
811:
795:
792:
789:
786:
595:with a British squadron off
1930:. London: Caxton Editions.
1853:Biden, Christopher (1830).
1129:three days later, reaching
2149:
2044:Maffeo, Steven E. (2000).
1964:Grocott, Terence (2002) .
1092:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1002:
992:
991:
987:
984:Hubert Le Loup de Beaulieu
974:
964:
963:
949:
939:Admiral Sercey's squadron
937:
916:
913:
894:
893:
890:
871:
870:
866:
848:
847:
844:
827:
826:
823:
803:
802:
798:
790:Captain James Farquharson
779:
778:
758:
748:
593:an inconclusive engagement
364:an inconclusive engagement
118:Captain James Farquharson
70:East India Company victory
1928:Fleet Battle and Blockade
750:East India Company fleet
526:French Revolutionary Wars
323:French Revolutionary Wars
206:
198:French Revolutionary Wars
143:
130:
112:
78:
38:
33:French Revolutionary Wars
30:
2086:. Constable Publishers.
591:, but was driven off in
524:had been engaged in the
469:), and carried up to 36
2064:Parkinson, C. Northcote
1947:The Victory of Seapower
1295:Clark, Gregory (2017).
1005:Pierre Julien Tréhouart
930:issued to the vessels.
905:Captain Charles Lennox
799:Commodore of the fleet
686:Pierre Julien Tréhouart
1911:. Chatham Publishing.
1869:Brenton, Edward Pelham
1113:, where a storm drove
867:Wrecked on 1 February
859:Captain Andrew Patton
815:Captain George Palmer
113:Commanders and leaders
1905:Clowes, William Laird
1883:Clowes, William Laird
882:Captain Edward Studd
504:. Each year, a large
343:under the command of
144:Casualties and losses
1119:Lesser Sunda Islands
1066:Julien-Gabriel Bigot
836:Captain Abel Vyvyan
296:Bali Strait Incident
26:Bali Strait Incident
1968:. Caxton Editions.
1949:. Caxton Editions.
1170:Battle of Pulo Aura
570:National Convention
191:East Indies theatre
1877:. London: C. Rice.
1827:, Vol. 329, p. 329
1740:on 20 October 2016
1693:on 20 October 2016
1665:'British Library:
1602:on 20 October 2016
1555:on 20 October 2016
1508:on 20 October 2016
1291:Retail Price Index
638:Straits of Malacca
443:East India Company
433:Trade through the
362:was driven off in
360:Straits of Malacca
307:East India Company
92:East India Company
2113:Conflicts in 1797
1839:, Vol. IV, p. 506
1712:British Library:
1621:British Library:
1574:British Library:
1527:British Library:
1480:British Library:
1427:British Library:
1135:Whampoa Anchorage
1102:
1101:
934:
933:
928:letters of marque
839:29 November 1796
818:30 November 1796
793:28 November 1796
559:Dutch East Indies
557:and parts of the
555:Dutch Cape Colony
547:Batavian Republic
475:ships of the line
419:Whampoa Anchorage
370:off Northeastern
368:ships of the line
366:with two British
289:
288:
156:
155:
136:Six East Indiamen
74:
73:
60:Dutch East Indies
2140:
2097:
2084:The Sea Warriors
2080:Woodman, Richard
2075:
2073:
2059:
2035:
2023:
2001:
1979:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1900:
1878:
1864:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1815:, Vol. 3, p. 250
1810:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1733:. Archived from
1732:
1724:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1686:. Archived from
1685:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1639:. Archived from
1633:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1595:. Archived from
1594:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1548:. Archived from
1547:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1501:. Archived from
1500:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1376:, Vol. 1, p. 347
1371:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1287:
1281:
1280:, Vol. V, p. 337
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1216:
1189:
946:
945:
936:
908:9 December 1796
885:9 December 1796
862:7 December 1796
772:Arrived Whampoa
769:Arrived Colombo
755:
747:
743:Orders of battle
352:commerce raiding
321:campaign of the
305:and six British
271:28 February 1799
201:
199:
192:
182:
175:
168:
159:
108:
104:
102:
101:
90:
89:
40:
39:
23:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2128:History of Bali
2103:
2102:
2094:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1976:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1938:
1925:
1919:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1867:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1663:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1459:
1455:, Vol. 2, p. 79
1451:
1436:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1213:
1210:
1186:
1182:
1174:Nathaniel Dance
1166:Napoleonic Wars
1107:
1098:, Vol. 2, p.79
981:
940:
922:, p. 210,
745:
720:to Sercey that
613:
522:French Republic
431:
292:
291:
290:
285:
266:9 February 1799
202:
197:
194:
190:
188:
186:
99:
97:
96:
84:
62:
46:28 January 1797
17:
12:
11:
5:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2076:
2060:
2054:
2037:
2036:
2028:James, William
2024:
2018:
2006:James, William
2002:
1996:
1984:James, William
1980:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1942:
1936:
1923:
1917:
1901:
1895:
1879:
1865:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1801:Parkinson 1954
1790:
1778:
1763:
1751:
1719:
1704:
1672:
1667:Taunton Castle
1654:
1643:on 9 July 2015
1628:
1613:
1581:
1566:
1534:
1519:
1487:
1472:
1457:
1434:
1419:
1415:Parkinson 1954
1407:
1405:, p. 106.
1403:Parkinson 1954
1390:
1386:Parkinson 1954
1378:
1366:
1362:Parkinson 1954
1351:
1347:Gardiner 2001a
1339:
1335:Parkinson 1954
1327:
1323:Gardiner 2001b
1315:
1302:MeasuringWorth
1282:
1270:
1258:
1254:Gardiner 2001b
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1217:
1211:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1172:. As in 1797,
1150:Taunton Castle
1142:Taunton Castle
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
990:
989:
986:
973:
970:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
948:
947:
932:
931:
915:
914:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
892:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:Taunton Castle
869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
857:
854:
846:
845:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
825:
824:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
744:
741:
684:under Captain
612:
609:
430:
427:
356:British Ceylon
287:
286:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
207:
204:
203:
187:
185:
184:
177:
170:
162:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
94:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2145:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2093:1-84119-183-3
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2055:1-86176-152-X
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2019:0-85177-906-9
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1997:0-85177-905-0
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:1-84067-164-5
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1956:1-84067-359-1
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1937:1-84067-363-X
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1918:1-86176-014-0
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1896:1-86176-013-2
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1803:, p. 121
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:, p. 210
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:, p. 143
1775:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1470:, p. 114
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:, p. 105
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:, p. 104
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1364:, p. 101
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:, p. 190
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:, p. 101
1255:
1250:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1097:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1006:
997:
996:
985:
980:
977:
976:Contre-amiral
969:
968:
944:
929:
925:
921:
911:6 April 1797
899:
898:
888:8 April 1797
876:
875:
864:
853:
852:
842:9 April 1797
830:
821:8 April 1797
808:
807:
796:8 April 1797
784:
783:
754:
742:
740:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
624:
618:
611:The encounter
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:
578:Contre-amiral
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:Peter Rainier
540:
536:
535:ĂŽle de France
532:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
491:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:East Indiamen
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:British India
444:
440:
439:Great Britain
436:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:ĂŽle de France
408:
407:
400:
398:
397:
392:
391:Peter Rainier
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
345:Contre-amiral
342:
337:
335:
332:
328:
327:British India
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:East Indiamen
308:
304:
301:
297:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
205:
200:
193:
183:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
163:
160:
151:
148:
147:
142:
138:
135:
134:
129:
126:
123:
122:Contre-amiral
120:
117:
116:
111:
107:
95:
93:
88:
83:
82:
77:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2100:
2083:
2069:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2009:
1987:
1965:
1946:
1927:
1908:
1886:
1873:
1855:
1837:Clowes 1997a
1832:
1825:Brenton 1837
1820:
1808:
1781:
1761:, p. 48
1759:Grocott 2002
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1722:
1713:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1675:
1666:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1631:
1622:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1584:
1575:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1537:
1528:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1503:the original
1490:
1481:
1475:
1468:Woodman 2001
1428:
1422:
1410:
1381:
1369:
1349:, p. 73
1342:
1337:, p. 84
1330:
1325:, p. 32
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1300:
1285:
1278:Clowes 1997b
1273:
1261:
1249:
1227:
1226:rather than
1223:
1214:
1205:
1187:
1162:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1114:
1108:
1075:
1055:
1035:
1015:
994:
966:
896:
873:
850:
828:
805:
781:
735:
730:
725:
721:
715:
710:
701:
690:
680:
669:
663:crossed the
660:
643:
632:
622:
614:
567:
551:Dutch Ceylon
549:, capturing
519:
510:Indian Ocean
499:Qing Dynasty
492:
479:dummy cannon
432:
405:
401:
395:
384:
341:Indian Ocean
338:
331:Qing Dynasty
295:
293:
250:
241:Saldanha Bay
216:Sunda Strait
139:Six frigates
79:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
1813:James 2002c
1453:James 2002b
1374:James 2002a
1266:Maffeo 2000
1096:James 2002b
1064:Lieutenant
924:James 2002b
707:Blue ensign
676:Bali Strait
657:Bali Strait
653:Alas Strait
649:Sape Strait
626:, with the
585:George Town
572:abolishing
435:East Indies
354:cruise off
319:East Indies
315:Bali Strait
300:French Navy
251:Bali Strait
236:Cape Colony
211:Pondicherry
56:Bali Strait
2107:Categories
2030:(2002c) .
2008:(2002b) .
1986:(2002a) .
1907:(1997b) .
1885:(1997a) .
1847:References
1786:Biden 1830
1774:Biden 1830
957:Commander
920:Biden 1830
766:Commander
718:signalling
665:Second Bar
539:Royal Navy
429:Background
423:Flores Sea
276:Port Louis
221:5 May 1794
16:Sea battle
1744:30 August
1697:30 August
1647:30 August
1606:30 August
1559:30 August
1512:30 August
1241:Citations
1220:Parkinson
1199:, follow
1105:Aftermath
1016:Régénérée
918:Sources:
655:, or the
631:HMS
621:HMS
415:Mauritius
226:ĂŽle Ronde
2082:(2001).
2066:(1954).
1871:(1837).
1714:Woodford
1206:Woodford
1154:Yarmouth
1152:reached
1123:Makassar
1111:Java Sea
1094:Source:
1084:Captain
1076:Prudente
1044:Captain
1024:Captain
1003:Captain
982:Captain
897:Woodford
672:Java Sea
531:blockade
514:Atlantic
512:and the
459:Calcutta
378:city of
376:Batavian
303:frigates
131:Strength
51:Location
1193:Brenton
1158:guineas
1131:Amboyna
693:Colombo
623:Suffolk
601:Batavia
597:Sumatra
574:slavery
563:Malacca
488:lascars
483:frigate
380:Batavia
372:Sumatra
313:in the
246:Sumatra
195:of the
2090:
2052:
2016:
1994:
1972:
1953:
1934:
1915:
1893:
1576:Canton
1529:Boddam
1482:Alfred
1429:Exeter
1197:Clowes
1195:, and
995:Cybèle
960:Notes
829:Canton
806:Boddam
782:Alfred
775:Notes
726:Cybèle
711:Alfred
702:Cybèle
697:Ceylon
681:Cybèle
661:Exeter
651:, the
644:Exeter
589:Penang
553:, the
537:. The
506:convoy
495:Canton
471:cannon
457:, and
455:Madras
451:Bombay
396:Alfred
309:(EIC)
256:Manila
231:Ceylon
106:France
103:
67:Result
1738:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
1691:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
1623:Ocean
1600:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
1506:(PDF)
1499:(PDF)
1308:7 May
1232:James
1201:James
1180:Notes
1146:Ocean
1127:proas
1115:Ocean
1056:Seine
1036:Vertu
967:Forte
954:Guns
951:Ship
851:Ocean
763:Guns
760:Ship
736:Forte
731:Forte
633:Swift
628:sloop
617:Macau
502:China
413:(now
406:Forte
334:China
261:Macau
2088:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1746:2017
1716:(1).
1699:2017
1649:2017
1625:(1).
1608:2017
1561:2017
1514:2017
1484:(2).
1431:(3).
1310:2024
1224:from
605:Java
387:Java
329:and
294:The
281:Mahé
152:None
149:None
43:Date
1861:117
1289:UK
1081:32
1061:38
1041:40
1021:40
1000:40
972:44
902:36
879:36
856:26
833:26
812:32
787:26
709:on
695:on
603:on
587:at
533:at
449:at
2109::
1793:^
1766:^
1657:^
1460:^
1437:^
1393:^
1354:^
1299:.
1228:to
1160:.
1148:;
809:'
607:.
497:,
490:.
467:bm
453:,
336:.
58:,
2096:.
2058:.
2022:.
2000:.
1978:.
1959:.
1940:.
1921:.
1899:.
1863:.
1748:.
1701:.
1669:.
1651:.
1610:.
1578:.
1563:.
1531:.
1516:.
1312:.
641:(
181:e
174:t
167:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
