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been used extensively by
Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers. Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina. It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama. Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the
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centres. These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the
Southern Cone countries. While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region, further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had
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issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region, these were neglected by the United States as well. These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society, the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and
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The main targets of
American supply-reduction campaigns over the years have been Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and Mexico. The net effect appears to have been a relocation and reorganisation of production, not a cutback. Dramatic falls in coca cultivation in Peru and Bolivia in the late 1990s coincided
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and political survival. The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement. This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics. The
31:. The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and squeezing a balloon: If a balloon is squeezed the air is moved, but does not disappear, instead moving into another area of less resistance.
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colloquialism, it is often used to describe the effect of fixing a bug or problem in one area of the system, where the fix itself then causes another problem to occur; fixing this subsequent issue then results in further problems, ad
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Drug-policy geeks call this the "balloon effect": pushing down on drug production in one region causes it to bulge somewhere else. Latin
Americans have a better phrase: the
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This term is also used in business to describe situations were changes made in one area of a business lead to unforeseen and adverse effects in other parts of a business.
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Friesendorf, Cornelius. "Squeezing the
Balloon, United States Air Interdiction and the Restructuring of the Southern American Drug Industry in the 1990s".
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with an equally dramatic rise in
Colombia, even though almost all the top people in Colombia's notorious Cali cartel had been jailed in the mid-1990s.
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Mora, Frank O. "Victims of the
Balloon Effect: Drug Trafficking and the U.S. Policy in Brazil and the Southern Cone of Latin America".
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drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected
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and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight
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44 (2005): 35–78. York
University Libraries. Web. 22 Oct. 2011.
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21.2 (1996): 115–22. York University Libraries. 22 Oct. 2011.
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Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include:
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The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies
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Recently, with the intense spraying in the Colombian
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in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia.
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278:"Why is less cocaine coming from Colombia?"
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359:United States foreign policy
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195:software development
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61:In the late 1990s,
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354:Drug policy
188:health care
141:governments
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348:Categories
289:2017-04-26
218:References
198:infinitum.
223:Footnotes
149:inflation
102:Santander
45:marijuana
25:criticism
206:See also
86:Guaviare
35:Examples
319:Sources
162:cocaine
82:Caquetá
177:laws.
100:, and
98:Nariño
74:Arauca
338:Swaps
122:, or
90:Huila
78:Cauca
56:Cauca
23:is a
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63:coca
19:The
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