Bemidbar (parashah)

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near was to be put to death." Abaye argued that the "stranger" in Numbers 3:38 could not mean a non-priest, for Numbers 3:10 had mentioned that rule already (and Abaye believed that the Torah would not state anything twice). Rather, reasoned Abaye, Numbers 3:38 must mean a “stranger” to a particular job. It was told, however, that Rabbi Joshua ben Hananyia once tried to assist Rabbi Joḥanan ben Gudgeda (both of whom were Levites) in the fastening of the Temple doors, even though Rabbi Joshua was a singer, not a doorkeeper. Rabbi Jonathan found evidence for the Levites’ singing role at Temple services from the warning of Numbers 18:3: "That they do not die, neither they, nor you ." Just as Numbers 18:3 warned about priestly duties at the altar, so (Rabbi Jonathan reasoned) Numbers 18:3 must also address the Levites’ duties in the altar service. It was also taught that the words of Numbers 18:3, "That they do not die, neither they, nor you ," mean that priests would incur the death penalty by engaging in Levites’ work, and Levites would incur the death penalty by engaging in priests’ work, although neither would incur the death penalty by engaging in another's work of their own group (even if they would so incur some penalty for doing so).

1806:)," and surely that was a positive thing. Rabbi Samuel replied that the occasion of the princes’ gifts did not indicate joy, because it was manifest to God that the princes would join with Korah in his dispute (as reported in Numbers 16:1–3). Rabbi Judah ben Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Levi ben Parta that the case could be compared to that of a member of the palace who committed a theft in the bathhouse, and the attendant, while afraid of disclosing his name, nevertheless made him known by describing him as a certain young man dressed in white. Similarly, although Numbers 16:1–3 does not explicitly mention the names of the princes who sided with Korah in his dispute, Numbers 16:2 nevertheless refers to them when it says, "They were princes of the congregation, the elect men of the assembly, men of renown," and this recalls Numbers 1:16, "These were the elect of the congregation, the princes of the tribes of their fathers . . . ," where the text lists their names. They were the "men of renown" whose names were mentioned in connection with the standards; as Numbers 1:5–15 says, "These are the names of the men who shall stand with you, of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur; of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai . . . ." 2907:

Midrash deduced that Numbers 4:29 employed the words "the Lord spoke" to give honor to Gershon as the firstborn, and to give him the same status as Kohath. The Midrash then noted that Numbers 4:1 reported that God spoke "to Aaron" regarding the Kohathites but Numbers 4:21 did not report communication to Aaron with regard to the Gershonites. The Midrash taught that God excluded Aaron from all Divine communications to Moses and that passages that mention Aaron do not report that God spoke to Aaron but include Aaron's name in sections that concern Aaron to indicate that God spoke to Moses so that he might repeat what he heard to Aaron. Thus Numbers 4:1 mentions Aaron regarding the Kohathites because Aaron and his sons assigned the Kohathites their duties, since (as Numbers 4:15 relates) the Kohathites were not permitted to touch the ark or any of the vessels until Aaron and his sons had covered them. In the case of the Gershonites, however, the Midrash finds no evidence that Aaron personally interfered with them, as Ithamar supervised their tasks, and thus Numbers 4:21 does not mention Aaron in connection with the Gershonites.

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because the Kohathites bore the ark that carried the Torah. Similarly, another Midrash taught that God ordered the Kohathites counted first because Kohath was most holy, for Aaron the priest—who was most holy—descended from Kohath, while Gershon was only holy. But the Midrash taught that Gershon did not forfeit his status as firstborn, because Scripture uses the same language, "Lift up the head of the sons of," regarding Kohath in Numbers 4:2 and regarding Gershon in Numbers 4:22. And Numbers 4:22 says "they also" with regard to the Gershonites so that one should not suppose that the Gershonites were numbered second because they were inferior to the Kohathites; rather Numbers 4:22 says "they also" to indicate that the Gershonites were also like the Kohathites in every respect, and the Kohathites were placed first in this connection as a mark of respect to the Torah. In other places (for example, Genesis 46:11, Exodus 6:16, Numbers 3:17 and 26:57, and 1 Chronicles 6:1 and 23:6), however, Scripture places Gershon before Kohath.

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refuse and ryegrass, so the king was consequently not particular about the quantity of their contents. The king had, however, one particular granary that he perceived to be a fine one. The king thus told a member of his household not to be particular about the quantity of the granaries full of refuse and ryegrass. But as to the fine granary, however, the king directed the member of his household to ascertain the quantity of its contents with particularity. Thus, God was like the king, Israel was like the fine granary, and the member of the king's house was Moses. Thus God instructed Moses to be particular numbering the Israelites, and Moses did so, as Numbers 1:2 reports that God told Moses, "Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel," Numbers 2:4 reports, "And his host, and those who were numbered of them," and Numbers 3:40 reports that God told Moses, "Number all the firstborn males."

2988:. Rabbi Abba bar Aibu explained that God (in the words of Isaiah 46:10), "declar the end from the beginning," and provides beforehand for things that have not yet occurred. God foresaw that Korah, who would descend from the families of Kohath, would oppose Moses (as reported in Numbers 16:1–3) and that Moses would beseech God that the earth should swallow them up (as reflected in Numbers 16:28–30). So God told Moses to note that it was (in the words of Numbers 17:5) “to be a memorial to the children of Israel, to the end that no common man . . . draw near to burn incense . . . as the Lord spoke to him by the hand of Moses.” The Midrash asked why then Numbers 17:5 adds the potentially superfluous words “to him,” and replied that it is to teach that God told Moses that God would listen to his prayer concerning Korah but not concerning the whole tribe. Therefore Numbers 4:18 says, "Cut not off 3090:) in Numbers 3:45–47. Maimonides taught that it is a positive commandment for every Jewish man to redeem his son who is the firstborn of a Jewish mother, as Exodus 34:19 says, "All first issues of the womb are mine," and Numbers 18:15 says, "And you shall surely redeem a firstborn man." Maimonides taught that a mother is not obligated to redeem her son. If a father fails to redeem his son, when the son comes of age, he is obligated to redeem himself. If it is necessary for a man to redeem both himself and his son, he should redeem himself first and then his son. If he only has enough money for one redemption, he should redeem himself. A person who redeems his son recites the blessing: "Blessed are You . . . who sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us concerning the redemption of a son." Afterwards, he recites the 5933: 3101:

give it to the Cohen with the resolution that he is giving him a present without any reservations. Cohens and Levites are exempt from the redemption of their firstborn, as they served as the redemption of the Israelites' firstborn in the desert. One born to a woman of a priestly or Levite family is exempt, for the matter is dependent on the mother, as indicated by Exodus 13:2 and Numbers 3:12. A baby born by Caesarian section and any subsequent birth are exempt: the first because it did not emerge from the womb, and the second, because it was preceded by another birth. The obligation for redemption takes effect when the baby completes 30 days of life, as Numbers 18:16 says, "And those to be redeemed should be redeemed from the age of a month."

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of all the camps," the other said that they traveled in the shape of a beam—in a row. Refuting the other's argument, the one who said that they traveled in the shape of a beam read Numbers 2:17, "as they encamp, so shall they set forward," to teach that just as the configuration of their camp was according to God's Word, so the configuration of their journey was by God's Word. While the one who said that they traveled in the shape of a box read Numbers 10:25, "the camp of the children of Dan, which was the rearward of all the camps," to teach that Dan was more populous than the other camps, and would thus travel in the rear, and if anyone would lose any item, the camp of Dan would return it.

3152:(abbreviated D) in Deuteronomy 33:10. Kugel reported that scholars note that P spoke about "the priests, Aaron's sons," because, as far as P was concerned, the only legitimate priests descended from Aaron. P did speak of the Levites as another group of hereditary Temple officials, but according to P, the Levites had a different status: They could not offer sacrifices or perform the other crucial jobs assigned to priests, but served Aaron's descendants as helpers. D, on the other hand, never talked about Aaron's descendants as special, but referred to "the Levitical priests." Kugel reported that many modern scholars interpreted this to mean that D believed that 2915:

difference teaches that all those five years, from the age of 25 to the age of 30, Levites served apprenticeships, and from that time onward they were allowed to draw near to do service. The Midrash concluded that a Levite could not enter the Temple courtyard to do service unless he had served an apprenticeship of five years. And the Midrash inferred from this that students who see no sign of success in their studies within a period of five years will never see any. Rabbi Jose said that students had to see success within three years, basing his position on the words "that they should be nourished three years" in

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Rava's interpretation, noting that Numbers 2:18–21 mentions Ephraim and Manasseh separately as tribes in connection with their assembling around the camp by their banners. The Gemara replied to its own challenge by positing that their campings were like their possessions, to show respect to their banners. The Gemara persisted in arguing that Ephraim and Manasseh were treated separately by noting that they were also separated regarding their princes. The Gemara responded that this was done to show honor to the princes and to avoid having to choose the prince of one tribe to rule over the other.

7135: 1383:, the tribe in whose territory it was given would have said that it had a prior claim to the Torah, so God gave it in the wilderness, so that all should have an equal claim to it. Another Midrash taught that as people neither sow nor till the wilderness, so those who accept the yoke of the Torah are relieved of the yoke of earning a living; and as the wilderness does not yield any taxes from crops, so scholars are free in this world. And another Midrash taught that the Torah was given in the wilderness because they preserve the Torah who keep themselves separate like a wilderness. 6182: 3191:, "ransom," indicate that the firstborn son was considered God's property. Milgrom surmised that this may reflect an ancient rule where the firstborn was expected to care for the burial and worship of his deceased parents. Thus, the Bible may be preserving the memory of the firstborn bearing a sacred status, and the replacement of the firstborn by the Levites in Numbers 3:11–13, 40–51; and 8:14–18 may reflect the establishment of a professional priestly class. Milgrom dismissed as without support the theory that the firstborn was originally offered as a sacrifice. 1994:, and On all fell in together in their conspiracy, as described in Numbers 16:1, because they lived near each other on the same side of the camp. The Midrash thus taught that the saying, "Woe to the wicked and woe to his neighbor!" applies to Dathan and Abiram. Numbers 3:29 reports that the descendants of Kohath, among whom Korah was numbered, lived on the south side of the Tabernacle. And Numbers 2:10 reports that the descendants of Reuben, among whom Dathan and Abiram were numbered, lived close by, as they also lived on the south side of the Tabernacle. 1679: 1070: 1481:. God instructed that Moses record for them the precise month, day of the month, year, region, and city in which God lifted them up. Therefore, Numbers 1:1 says: "And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai," indicating the region; "in the tent of meeting," indicating the province; "in the second year," indicating the precise year; "in the second month," indicating the precise month; "on the first day of the month," indicating the precise day of the month; and "after they were come out of Egypt," indicating the era. 1536: 2010: 2097: 1496:, as Exodus 4:19 says, "The Lord said to Moses in Midian." After that, God spoke to Moses in Egypt, as Exodus 12:1 says, "The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt." After that, God spoke to Moses at Sinai, as Numbers 1:1 says, "The Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai." Once the Israelites erected the Tabernacle, God said, "modesty is beautiful," as Micah 6:8 says, "and to walk humbly with your God,” and God began talking with Moses in the Tent of Meeting. 1772:

of Israel before the Lord, to make atonement for your souls.'" (Thus, God said that at some future time, the money would provide atonement.) Alternatively, Rabbi Joḥanan taught that God saw the Temple. For Genesis 22:14 explained the meaning of the name that Abraham gave to the mountain where Abraham nearly sacrificed Isaac to be, "In the mount where the Lord is seen." (Solomon later built the Temple on that mountain, and God saw the merit of the sacrifices there.) Rabbi

1825: 1901:. The first three Rabbis began to cry, but Akiva smiled. The three asked him why he smiled, but Akiva asked them why they wept. Quoting Numbers 1:51, they told him that they wept because a place of which it was once said, "And the common man that draws near shall be put to death," had become the haunt of foxes. Akiva replied that he smiled because this fulfilled the prophecy of Uriah the priest, who prophesied (along with Micah, as reported in 1500: 3395: 1286: 852: 2939:

because the Ark was like the Throne of Glory, they placed the cloth of blue on top, facing towards the sky that resembled it. The Midrash noted that no other vessel had a cloth of blue on top. The Midrash taught that Numbers 4:6 uses the expression "all of blue" only in connection with the Ark, and not with regard to any other vessel, because the Ark was more important than all the other vessels of the Tabernacle.

6687: 2957:, of being cut off from the Jewish people. The Gemara there noted that Numbers 4:18–19 spoke of what the Kohathites should avoid doing so "that they may live, and not die." And Numbers 4:20 enjoined that "they shall not go in to see the holy things as they are being covered, lest they die." And since Numbers 8:25 indicates that the Kohathites ceased working near the holy things at age 50, these deaths of 3129: 3105: 7188: 7288: 3454: 1416:," and deduced that just as Numbers 1:1 happened (in the words of that verse) "on the first day of the second month," so too Numbers 9:1 happened at the beginning of the month. And as Numbers 9:1 addressed the Passover offering, which the Israelites were to bring on the 14th of the month, the Gemara concluded that one should expound the laws of a holiday two weeks before the holiday. 7232: 2077:"). Rabbi Joshua bar Rabbi Nehemiah and Rabbi Levi bar Hayatha said in the name of Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba that the Israelites were treating Aaron with disrespect because his son Eleazar married a Midianite woman (as Exodus 6:25 reports), God bestowed upon Aaron the honor of mentioning his name before that of Moses in Numbers 3:1, "These are the generations of Aaron and Moses." 7343: 1551:, Rabbi Yossi the Galilean taught that one should not go out to war unless one has hands, feet, eyes, and teeth, for Scripture juxtaposes the words of Deuteronomy 19:21, "Your eyes shall not pity; a soul for a soul, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot," with those of Deuteronomy 20:1, "when you go out to war against your foes." 2145:

pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof") which Jeremiah 10:8 teaches counteract idolatrous influences when it says, "The chastisement of vanities is wood." And the Midrash explained that from the east comes light, and thus Moses, Aaron, and his sons camped there, because they were scholars and men of pious deeds, bringing atonement by their prayer and sacrifices.

1464:, in the seventh year of his reign." So God did not state when God created the generation of the Flood and did not state when God removed them from the world, except insofar as Genesis 7:11 reports, "on the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up." Similarly, Scripture does not indicate when God created the generation of the Dispersal after the 1428: 6861: 729: 1863:, who converted him. The convert then read Torah, and when he came to the injunction of Numbers 1:51, 3:10, and 18:7 that "the common man who draws near shall be put to death," he asked Hillel to whom the injunction applied. Hillel answered that it applied even to David, King of Israel, who had not been a priest. Thereupon the convert reasoned 38: 1575: 1956:) in Numbers 2:2, a Midrash taught that each tribe had a distinctive flag and a different color corresponding to the precious stones on Aaron's breastplate, and that it was from these banners that governments learned to provide themselves with flags of various colors. And another Midrash cited the words "his standard over me is love" in 3073: 7497: 3157:

Israel Your laws; may they place incense before You, and whole burnt offerings on Your altar." And placing incense and whole burnt offerings before God were the quintessential priestly functions. Kugel reported that many scholars believe that Deuteronomy 33:10 dated to a far earlier era, and thus may thus may indicate that

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covering thereof, and the screen for the door of the tent of meeting," which could shield against snow, hail, cold, and heat. The Midrash explained that from the south came the dew and rain that bring blessing to the world, and there God placed the Kohathites, who bore the ark that carried the Torah, for as

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Levite was a proper priest and could offer sacrifices and perform other priestly tasks, and this may have been the case for some time in Israel. Kugel noted that when Moses blessed the tribe of Levi at the end of his life in Deuteronomy 33:10, he said: "Let them teach to Jacob Your ordinances, and to

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blessing. The father may pay the redemption in silver or in movable property that has financial worth like that of silver coins. If the Cohen desires to return the redemption to the father, he may. The father should not, however, give it to the Cohen with the intent that he return it. The father must

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taught that God's decree that the generation of the spies would die in the wilderness did not apply to the Levites, for Numbers 14:29 says, "your carcasses shall fall in this wilderness, and all that were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from 20 years old and upward," and this implies

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The Gemara read the words of Numbers 2:17, "Then the Tent of Meeting, with the camp of the Levites, shall travel in the midst of the camps; as they encamp, so shall they travel," to teach that even though the tent traveled disassembled from place to place, it was still considered the Tent of Meeting,

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interpreted the chief butler's dream), "Pharaoh shall lift up your head, and restore you to your office." If they were not worthy, they would all die, with the words "Lift up" having the same meaning as in Genesis 40:19 when it says (as Joseph interpreted the chief baker's dream), "Pharaoh shall lift

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taught that those who do not throw themselves open to all like a wilderness cannot acquire wisdom and Torah. The Sages inferred from Numbers 1:1 that the Torah was given to the accompaniment of fire, water, and wilderness. And the giving of the Torah was marked by these three features to show that as

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1:26 says, "Above the expanse over their heads was the semblance of a throne, in appearance like sapphire." Thus, the Midrash concluded that the Ark was like the Throne of Glory, and Numbers 4:6 uses the expression "all of blue" to indicate that the Ark was in every way like the Throne of Glory. And

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A Midrash noted that Numbers 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43, and 47 say that Levites "30 years old and upward" did service in the tent of meeting, while Numbers 8:24 says, "from 25 years old and upward they shall go in to perform the service in the work of the tent of meeting." The Midrash deduced that the

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A Midrash noted that God ordered the Kohathites counted first in Numbers 4:1 and only thereafter ordered the Gershonites counted in Numbers 4:21, even though Gershon was the firstborn and Scripture generally honors the firstborn. The Midrash taught that Scripture gives Kohath precedence over Gershon

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taught that God saw the atonement money that Exodus 30:16 reports God required Moses to collect. For in Exodus 30:16, God said, "And you shall take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may be a memorial for the children

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stood up against Israel," and as 2 Samuel 24:1 reports, "He stirred up David against them saying, ‘Go, number Israel.'" And when David did number them, he took no ransom from them, and as 2 Samuel 24:15 reports, "So the Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even to the time appointed."

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A Midrash taught that when God is about to make Israel great, God explicitly states the place, the day, the month, the year, and the era, as Numbers 1:1 says, "in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the

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disagreed about what configuration the Israelites traveled in when they traveled in the Wilderness. Based on Numbers 2:17, "as they encamp, so shall they set forward," one said that they traveled in the shape of a box. Based on Numbers 10:25, "the camp of the children of Dan, which was the rearward

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A Midrash taught that God gave no numbering to any of the other nations of the world, but gave a numbering to Israel, thus confirming God's words to Israel in Psalm 43:4, "You are precious in My sight." The Midrash illustrated this by a parable: A king had numerous granaries, all of which contained

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26:3–4 and 15–19 teach, the rains depend on the observance of the Torah. The Midrash explained that from the north came darkness, and thus the Merarites camped there, as Numbers 4:31 indicates that their service was the carrying of wood ("the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the

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The Gemara cited Numbers 2:18–21 to help examine the consequences of Jacob's blessing of Ephraim and Manasseh in Genesis 48:5–6. Rav Aha bar Jacob taught that a tribe that had an inheritance of land was called a "congregation," but a tribe that had no possession was not a "congregation." Thus, Rav

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Rabbi Eliezer in the name of Rabbi Jose ben Zimra taught that whenever the Israelites were numbered for a proper purpose, they lost no numbers; but whenever they were numbered without a proper purpose, they suffered a diminution. Rabbi Eliezer taught that they were numbered for a proper purpose in

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that if the injunction applied to all (non-priestly) Israelites, whom in Exodus 4:22 God had called "my firstborn," how much more so would the injunction apply to a mere convert, who came among the Israelites with just his staff and bag. Then the convert returned to Shammai, quoted the injunction,

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The Gemara taught that taking a census required atonement. Rabbi Eleazar taught that God told David that David called God an inciter, but God would make David stumble over a thing that even school-children knew, namely, that which Exodus 30:12 says, "When you take the sum of the children of Israel

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In the sixth reading, God instructed Moses to record every firstborn male of the Israelites aged one month old and upwards, and they came to 22,273. God told Moses to take the 22,000 Levites for God in exchange for all the firstborn among the Israelites, and the Levites' cattle in exchange for the

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A Midrash noted that in Numbers 4:2 and 4:22, God used the expression "lift up the head" to direct counting the Kohathites and Gershonites, but in Numbers 4:29, God does not use that expression to direct counting the Merarites. The Midrash deduced that God honored the Kohathites on account of the

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reported a tradition that a singing Levite who did his colleague's work at the gate incurred the death penalty, as Numbers 3:38 says, "And those who were to pitch before the Tabernacle eastward before the Tent of Meeting toward the sun-rising, were Moses and Aaron, . . . and the stranger who drew

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interpreted the words "They shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance" in Genesis 48:6 to show that Ephraim and Manasseh were thereafter regarded as comparable to other tribes only regarding their inheritance of the land, not in any other respect. The Gemara challenged

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Reading the words of Numbers 2:1, "And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron," a Midrash taught that in 18 verses, Scripture places Moses and Aaron (the instruments of Israel's deliverance) on an equal footing (reporting that God spoke to both of them alike), and thus there are 18 benedictions in the

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Rabbi Judah ben Shalom taught that Numbers 1:49 excluded the Levites from being numbered with the rest of the Israelites for their own benefit, for as Numbers 14:29 reports, "all that were numbered" died in the wilderness, but because the Levites were numbered separately, they entered the land of

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A Midrash told that the nations challenge the Jewish people that since the Torah teaches the principle of "follow the majority" in Exodus 23:2, and since other faiths are the majority, Jews should worship as they do. Therefore, God commanded the Israelites to be counted, because an entity that is

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Rabbi Phinehas the son of Idi noted that Numbers 1:2 says, "Lift up the head of all the congregation of the children of Israel," not "Exalt the head" or "Magnify the head," but "Lift up the head," like a man who says to the executioner, "Take off the head of So-and-So." Thus Numbers 1:2 conveys a

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At the breaking of camp, Aaron and his sons were to take down the Ark, the table of display, the lampstand, and the service vessels, and cover them all with cloths and skins. Only when Aaron and his sons had finished covering the sacred objects would the Kohathites come and lift them. Aaron's son

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A Midrash taught that the Levites camped on the four sides of the Tabernacle in accordance with their duties. The Midrash explained that from the west came snow, hail, cold, and heat, and thus God placed the Gershonites on the west, as Numbers 3:25 indicates that their service was "the tent, the

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and Rabbi Samuel bar Naḥmani differed on the matter. One said that God saw the atonement money that Exodus 30:16 reports God required Moses to collect from the Israelites, while the other said that God saw the Temple. The Gemara concluded that the more likely view was that God saw the Temple, as

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that upon entering a barn to measure the new grain one should recite the blessing, "May it be Your will O Lord, our God, that You may send blessing upon the work of our hands." Once one has begun to measure, one should say, "Blessed be the One who sends blessing into this heap." If, however, one

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A Midrash explained the specificity of Numbers 1:1 with a parable. A king married a wife and did not give her a legal marriage contract. He then sent her away without giving her a bill of divorce. He did the same to a second wife and a third, giving them neither a marriage contract nor a bill of

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sacrifice. And Numbers 9:11 then reports that the second Passover for those unable to participate in the first Passover would commence "in the second month, on the fourteenth day of the month." Thus, the events beginning with Numbers 1:1 would have taken place shortly after the setting up of the

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Numbers 1:1 begins, "On the first day of the second month, in the second year following the exodus from the land of Egypt." According to Exodus 40:17, that would be one month after the date that Moses set up the Tabernacle. Numbers 7:1 then reports, "On the day that Moses finished setting up the

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noted a potential contradiction, as Hosea 2:1 says, "Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea" (implying a finite number), but Hosea 2:1 also says, "Which cannot be numbered" (implying that they will not have a finite number). The Gemara answered that there is no

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A Midrash noted that in Numbers 4:1 "the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron" to direct them to count the Kohathites and in Numbers 4:21 "the Lord spoke to Moses" to direct him to count the Gershonites, but Numbers 4:29 does not report that "the Lord spoke" to direct them to count the Merarites. The

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that they should exempt their own animals from the requirement to offer the firstborn. The Gemara questioned whether Numbers 3:45 taught that the Levites' animals exempted the Israelites' animals. Abaye read the Mishnah to mean that if the Levites' animals released the Israelites' animals, it

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to whom an owner entrusted a flock by number. When the shepherd came to the end of the shepherd's time, on returning them, the shepherd had to count them again. When Israel left Egypt, God entrusted the Israelites to Moses by number, as Numbers 1:1 reports, "And the Lord spoke to Moses in the

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in Genesis 35:22, his descendants would have been worthy of assuming the service of the Levites, for ordinary Levites came to replace firstborn Israelites, as Numbers 3:41 says, "And you shall take the Levites for Me, even the Lord, instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel."

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had responsibility for the lighting oil, the aromatic incense, the regular meal offering, the anointing oil, and all the consecrated things in the Tabernacle. God charged Moses and Aaron to take care not to let the Kohathites die because they went inside and witnessed the dismantling of the

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The Gershonites, numbered 7,500, camped behind the Tabernacle, to the west, and had charge of the Tabernacle, the tent, its covering, the screen for the entrance of the tent, the hangings of the enclosure, the screen for the entrance of the enclosure that surrounded the Tabernacle, and the

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Rabbi Samuel bar Naḥmani taught in Rabbi Jonathan's name that Numbers 3:1–2 referred to Aaron's sons as descendants of Aaron and Moses because Moses taught them, showing that Scripture ascribes merit to one who teaches Torah to a neighbor's child as if the teacher had begotten the child.

1448:) not to deal with her as with the previous ones, as she was well-born, modest in her actions, and worthy. The king directed his aide to draw up a marriage contract for her, stating the period of seven years, the year, the month, the day of the month, and the region, in the same way that 2089:

A Midrash noted that Scripture records the death of Nadab and Abihu in numerous places, including Numbers 3:4. This teaches that God grieved for Nadab and Abihu, for they were dear to God. And thus Leviticus 10:3 quotes God to say: "Through them who are near to Me I will be sanctified."

1983:. Michael, at God's right, corresponded to Reuben. Uriel, at God's left, corresponded to Dan, who was on the north side. Gabriel, in front, corresponded to the kingship of Judah and to Moses and Aaron, who were on the east side. And Raphael corresponded to Ephraim who was on the west. 1794:), it intimates the coming of either trouble or joy. If it intimates trouble, there was no trouble to compare with it, and if it itimatres joy, there was no joy to compare with it. Rabbi Samuel bar Naḥman made a distinction: In every instance where Scripture employs "and it was" ( 1913:

8:4 prophesied that "here shall yet old men and old women sit in the broad places of Jerusalem." So the fulfillment of Uriah's prophecy gave Akiva certainty that Zechariah's hopeful prophecy would also find fulfillment. The others then told Akiva that he had comforted them.

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33:10 reports that Levites taught the law. Deuteronomy 17:9–10 reports that they served as judges. And Deuteronomy 10:8 reports that they blessed God's name. 1 Chronicles 23:3–5 reports that of 38,000 Levite men age 30 and up, 24,000 were in charge of the work of the

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Midrash Tanḥuma taught that the Israelites were counted on ten occasions: (1) when they went down to Egypt, (2) when they went up out of Egypt, (3) at the first census in Numbers, (4) at the second census in Numbers, (5) once for the banners, (6) once in the time of

3008: 1818:

Israel. A Midrash offered another explanation for why the Levites were not numbered with the Israelites: The Levites were the palace-guard and it would not have been consonant with the dignity of a king that his own legion should be numbered with the other legions.

884:

In the seventh reading, God then directed Moses and Aaron to take a separate census of the Kohathites between the ages of 30 and 50, who were to perform tasks for the Tent of Meeting. The Kohathites had responsibility for the most sacred objects. (Parashat

2890: 2127:

The Rabbis taught that Numbers 3:15 directed counting the Levites "from a month old and upward" and not earlier because they considered a newborn infant not to be definitely viable, but a child who had lived a month was definitely known to be viable.

1582:

A Midrash likened God's desire to count the Israelites to a vendor who had a sales-bundle of glass stones to bring to market, but would not note their number, as they were just glass. But the vendor also had a sales-bundle of precious

3445:

Both the parashah and the haftarah recount Israel's numbers, the parashah in the census, and the haftarah in reference to numbers "like that of the sands of the sea." Both the parashah and the haftarah place Israel in the wilderness

840:

The Merarites, numbered 6,200, camped along the north side of the Tabernacle, and had charge of the planks of the Tabernacle, its bars, posts, sockets, and furnishings, and the posts around the enclosure and their sockets, pegs, and

1675:(Judah the Prince) said on behalf of Abba Jose ben Dosthai that there is no contradiction, for the latter part of Hosea 2:1 speaks of counting done by human beings, while the earlier part of Hosea 2:1 speaks of counting by Heaven. 1813:

found support in the words "they declared their pedigrees after their families, by their fathers' houses" in Numbers 1:18 for Rabbi Eliezer ha-Kappar's proposition that the Israelites displayed virtue by not changing their names.

1468:

or the generation of Egypt, or when either generation passed away. But when Israel appeared, God told Moses that God would not act towards them as God did towards those earlier generations, as the Israelites were descendants of

2927:

that those who were numbered from 20 years old and upward came under the decree, while the tribe of Levi—which Numbers 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43, and 47 say was numbered from 30 years old and upward—was excluded from the decree.

1695:

first measured the grain and then recited the blessing, then prayer is in vain, because blessing is not to be found in anything that has been already weighed or measured or numbered, but only in a thing hidden from sight.

1763:. Reading 1 Chronicles 21:15, "And as he was about to destroy, the Lord beheld, and He repented," the Gemara ask what God beheld. Rav said God beheld Jacob, as Genesis 32:3 reports, "And Jacob said when he beheld them." 6812:. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, pages 461, 497. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. (implications of the definition of a firstborn child for who is the mother of a child born by artificial insemination). 736:

In the fifth reading, God then told Moses to record by ancestral house and by clan the Levite men from the age of one month up, and he did so. The Levites divided by their ancestral houses, based on the sons of Levi:

5692:

Psalm 60:9 (Manasseh, Ephraim, Judah); 78:67–68 (Ephriam, Judah); 68:28 (Benjamin, Judah, Zebulun, Naphtali); 80:3 (Ephraim, Benjamin, Manasseh); 119:6 (obeying commandments); 141:2 (incense); 144:1 (able to go to

1963:

A Midrash used the words "at a distance" in Numbers 2:2 to help define the distance that one may travel on the Sabbath, for the Israelites would need to be close enough to approach the ark on the Sabbath.

1714:" indicate that they estimated it, but it produced a hundred times the estimate, for blessing does not rest upon that which is weighed, measured, or counted. They measured solely on account of the tithes. 2911:

honor of the ark and the Gershonites because Gershon was a firstborn. But since the Merarites neither cared for the ark nor descended from a firstborn, God did not use the expression "lift up the head."

1508:

hidden message with the expression "Lift up the head." If the Israelites were worthy, they would rise to greatness, with the words "Lift up" having the same meaning as in Genesis 40:13 when it says (as

1420:

land of Egypt." The Midrash continued that God then said to the Israelites (rereading Numbers 1:2): "Raise to greatness all the congregation of the children of Israel" (interpreting "raise the head"—

3096:

blessing and then gives the redemption money to the Cohen. If a man redeems himself, he should recite the blessing: "Blessed . . . who commanded us to redeem the firstborn" and he should recite the

1802:), it introduces joy. The Sages raised an objection to Rabbi Samuel's view, noting that to introduce the offerings of the princes, Numbers 7:12 says, "And he that presented his offering . . . was ( 1104:

Tabernacle, the chieftain's offerings, the ordination and inaugural ceremonies of the Tabernacle, the incident of Nadab and Abihu, and the first Passover, but shortly before the second Passover.

1821:

The Rabbis taught in a Baraita that when the Israelites wandered in the wilderness, the Levitical camp established in Numbers 1:50 served as the place of refuge to which manslayers could flee.

6823:. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, pages 9–12. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. (implications of redemption of the firstborn for women's participation in the priestly blessing). 1671:

contradiction, for the latter part of Hosea 2:1 speaks of the time when Israel fulfils God's will, while the earlier part of Hosea 2:1 speaks of the time when they do not fulfill God's will.

1905:

26:18–20) that "Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the House as the high places of a forest." And Isaiah 8:2 linked Uriah's prophecy with

6805: 1567:, about 600,000 men on foot," demonstrating that Moses took responsibility for the Israelites in Egypt by number. When, therefore, Moses was about to depart from the world in the plain of 6699: 6324:, volume 5, pages 1–156, 160, 162, 166, 168–71, 177, 180–82, 268–69, 335; volume 6, pages 486, 489, 515, 573, 584, 627, 633, 662, 708, 710–11, 714, 753, 834. London: Soncino Press, 1939. 1326:, holding cymbals, harps, and lyres, to the east of the altar, and with them 120 priests blew trumpets. 2 Chronicles 20:19 reports that Levites of the sons of Kohath and of the sons of 2006:

and thus, the Israelite camp retained its sacred status even while traveling. As a consequence, offerings of lesser sanctity could be consumed wherever the Israelite camp was located.

1945:

connection with the standards (as reported in Numbers 2:2) and the division of the land, but were numbered without a proper purpose (as reported in 2 Samuel 24) in the days of David.

1318:, and 1 Chronicles 16:4 reports that David appointed Levites to minister before the Ark, to invoke, to praise, and to extol God. And 2 Chronicles 5:12 reports at the inauguration of 3421:, the maqam that shows a beginning or an initiation of something, because the parashah initiates the Book of Numbers. In the common case where this parashah precedes the holiday of 2930:

A Midrash taught that Numbers 4:6 provides that they "spread a cloth of pure blue on top" of the Ark because blue is like the sea, the sea is like the sky, and the sky is like the

1718:

according to their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul into the Lord . . . that there be no plague among them." Forthwith, as 1 Chronicles 21:1 reports, "

2022:

Aha bar Jacob taught that the tribe of Levi was not called a "congregation." The Gemara questioned Rav Aha's teaching, asking whether there would then be fewer than 12 tribes.

1532:

Rav Aha bar Jacob taught that for the purposes of numbering fighting men (as in Numbers 1:1–3), a man over 60 years of age was excluded just as was one under 20 years of age.

1398:

month of the second year," and asked why the Torah presented the chapters beginning at Numbers 1 before Numbers 9, out of chronological order. Rav Menasia bar Tahlifa said in

3053:

taught that in no other counting of Israel were they blessed as in this one, for God intended this counting for blessing—a counting to consummate completeness of the worlds.

1587:, and would take them and bring them out by number and put them away by number. Similarly, God considers Israel to be God's children, and therefore counts them all the time. 3024:

taught that God counted the Israelites often because they were dear to God. When they left Egypt, God counted them in Exodus 12:37; when many fell because of the sin of the

2093:

The Mishnah taught that before the Tabernacle was constructed, the firstborns performed services. After the Tabernacle was constructed, the priests performed the services.

2113:

that the Levites' animals should release their own firstborn. But Rava countered that the Mishnah meant that the Levites themselves exempted the Israelites' firstborn.

6665: 3028:, God counted them in Exodus 32:28 to know the number who survived; when God came to cause the Divine Presence to rest among them, God counted them. On the first of 7406: 1840:

court without atonement was liable to bring a sin-offering, but a person who entered deliberately incurred the penalty of being cut off from the Jewish people, or

1780:

A Midrash read Numbers 1:2, “Raise the head of the children of Israel,” to teach that God bestows preferment just as a king of flesh and blood bestows preferment.

1559:

wilderness of Sinai . . . ‘Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel.’" And Exodus 12:37 records that "the children of Israel journeyed from

5932: 1598:

taught that it is forbidden to count Israel even for the purpose of fulfilling a commandment, as 1 Samuel 11:8 can be read, "And he numbered them with pebbles (

1638:)." Rav Ashi argued that the prohibition of counting comes from 1 Samuel 15:4, which can be read, "And Saul summoned the people and numbered them with sheep ( 1403: 7348: 6342: 7788: 5061:

For more on medieval Jewish interpretation, see, e.g., Barry D. Walfish, "Medieval Jewish Interpretation," in Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, editors,

7108: 1787:

The Gemara deduced from the words "by their families, by their fathers' houses" in Numbers 1:2 that the Torah identifies families by the father's line.

1503:

Joseph Interpreting the Chief Butler's and the Chief Baker's Dreams (illustration from a Bible card published 1907 by the Providence Lithograph Company)

1932: 1302:, 6,000 were officers and magistrates, 4,000 were gatekeepers, and 4,000 praised God with instruments and song. 1 Chronicles 15:16 reports that King 1091:

Tabernacle," the chieftains of the tribes began bringing their offerings and would continue for 12 days. At the same time, the ordination events of

3862: 7783: 6791: 5829:, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 12, 15, 17, 21, 26, 29, 44–45, _. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2007–2018. And in, e.g., 5811:. Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 1, pages 538, 650, 864, 882; volume 2, pages 1469–94. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2002. 7778: 7166: 6816: 5928:. Translated by Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, volume 4, pages 16, 21, 232–33, 260, 262, 411, 415, 420–21, 457. London: Soncino Press, 1939. 1727:, answered in the name of Rabbi Hanina: From the time of slaughtering the continual offering (at dawn) until the time of sprinkling the blood. 1683: 6718: 6968:

The Women's Haftarah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on the 54 Weekly Haftarah Portions, the 5 Megillot & Special Shabbatot

1967:

A Midrash told that the Israelites camped around the Ark in the four cardinal directions just as God set four angels around God's throne—

1836:

Building upon the prohibition of approaching the holy place in Numbers 1:51, the Gemara taught that a person who unwittingly entered the

7399: 5671:

Exodus 6:23 (Naḥshon son of Amminadab); 13:1–2 (firstborn); 13:12–13 (firstborn); 22:28–29 (firstborn); 30:11–16 (shekel of atonement).

1379:

55:1 states, "everyone who thirsts, come for water." Another Midrash taught that if the Torah had been given to the Israelites in the

7318: 716:

to serve him and the priests. God took the Levites in place of all the firstborn among the Israelites, whom God consecrated when God

7212:“Is the Account of the Organization of the Camp Devoid of Organization? A Proposal for the Literary Structure of Numbers 1.1–10.10.” 6787:, pages xviii, 97, 99–100, 103, 109–10, 120, 123, 127–31, 133, 137–38, 174, 179–80, 207, 246. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 2132: 1960:

2:4 to teach that it was with a sign of great love that God organized the Israelites under standards like the ministering angels.

6470:. Translated by Eliyahu Touger, edited and annotated by Avie Gold, volume 4, pages 1349–87. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003. 6139:

Translated by William G. Braude and Israel J. Kapstein, 33, 70, 144, 404–06. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1975. And

113: 3503: 2980:

of the Kohathites from among the Levites," Rabbi Abba bar Aibu noted that it would have been enough for the text to mention the

855:

Carrying the Ark of the Covenant (illustration from a Bible card published circa 1896–1913 by the Providence Lithograph Company)

700: 6338:. Translated and annotated by H. Norman Strickman and Arthur M. Silver, pages 1–31. New York: Menorah Publishing Company, 1999. 3487:

When Parashat Bemidbar coincides with Shabbat Machar Chodesh (as it does in 2026 and 2027), the haftarah is 1 Samuel 20:18–42.

397: 7134: 5134: 1662:

said that such a person would transgress two prohibitions, for Hosea 2:1 says, "Which cannot be measured nor numbered." Rabbi

7392: 6703: 2043:

instead of seven in order to show honor to the princes and to avoid having to choose the prince of one tribe over the other.

3417:

each week base the songs of the services on the content of that week's parashah. For Parashat Bemidbar, Sephardi Jews apply

6181: 6563: 5881:. Translated by W. David Nelson, pages 54, 75, 211–12, 255, 258, 355, 375. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2006. 2893:

Priests replacing the showbread, the table for which was the responsibility of the Kohathites (19th-century illustration)

2027: 5568: 3479:

strap around their fingers as a groom puts a wedding ring on his betrothed, symbolizing the marriage of God and Israel.

3020:

Reading Numbers 1:1–2 "The Lord spoke . . . in the Sinai Desert . . . on the first of the month . . . 'Take a census,'"

2855:

A Midrash taught that Korah took issue with Moses in Numbers 16:1 because Moses had (as Numbers 3:30 reports) appointed

1107:

Three times in this parashah the Torah lists the tribes, and each time the Torah lists the tribes in a different order:

6361: 5895: 5891: 5444: 5420: 5396: 5372: 5348: 5324: 5300: 5276: 5252: 5228: 5204: 5918:

and Maurice Simon, volume 1, pages 50, 472, 486; volume 2, pages 578, 876, 898, 934, 942. London: Soncino Press, 1939.

5887: 5555: 2953:

found support in Numbers 4:18–20 for the proposition in a Baraita that one who dies before age 50 has died a death of

1790:

Rabbi Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rabbi Joḥanan taught that every time Scripture uses the expression “and it was” (

1678: 6129:. Edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus, 72 volumes. Brooklyn: Mesorah Pubs., 2006. 2026:

replied quoting Jacob's words in Genesis 48:5: "Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine." But

1767:

said that God beheld the ashes of the ram of Isaac, as Genesis 22:8 says, "God will see for Himself the lamb." Rabbi

41:"Look toward heaven and count the stars, if you are able to count them." And He added, "So shall your offspring be."( 6209:. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4, pages 1–33. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. 2058:, to mean "next to it," to describe the location of the tribe of Manasseh, so too when Leviticus 24:7 uses the term 844:

Moses, Aaron, and Aaron's sons (who were also descended from Kohath) camped in front of the Tabernacle, on the east.

6560:

Sefer Bamidbar: From the Five Books of the Torah: Chumash: Targum Okelos: Rashi: Sifsei Chachamim: Yalkut: Haftaros

5868: 5834: 3919: 2069:

A Midrash noted that Numbers 2:34 says, "Thus did the Children of Israel: according to all that the Lord commanded

1906: 6177:, 2:10, 12. Baghdad, 933. Translated by Samuel Rosenblatt, pages 118, 128. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948. 1095:

8 took place. "On the eighth day," the inaugural offerings of Leviticus 9 took place, followed by the incident of

112:

duties. It constitutes Numbers 1:1–4:20. The parashah is made up of 7,393 Hebrew letters, 1,823 Hebrew words, 159

7130:

Edited, translated, and annotated by Michael Carasik, pages 3–25. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2011.

7075: 6453: 5840: 5115: 5090:, translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997), volume 4, page 2. 1810: 1752: 7333: 6731:. Translated by E.S. Mazer, volume 4, pages 2–33. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993. Originally published as 6143:

Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 1, pages 27, 56, 116; volume 2, pages 136–37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987.

1069: 7220: 7204: 7031: 6992: 6907: 6631: 6519: 5874: 2517: 1659: 1409: 3885:

For more on inner-Biblical interpretation, see, e.g., Benjamin D. Sommer, "Inner-biblical Interpretation," in

1535: 1370:

taught that when people open themselves to everyone like a wilderness, God gives them the Torah. Similarly, a

6530:. Translation and explanatory notes by Raphael Pelcovitz, pages 639–59. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. 6356: 5860: 5741: 3898: 2821: 1864: 1099:

in Leviticus 10. Numbers 9:5 then reports, "on the fourteenth day of the month," the Israelites offered the

6236: 1777:

Genesis 22:14 can be read to say, "As it will be said on that day, ‘in the mount where the Lord is seen.'"

7793: 7180: 7162: 7086:

The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha: An Ecumenical Study Bible

7046: 7013: 6853: 6373: 5915: 5794: 5514: 5480: 1547:

In Numbers 1:3, God told Moses and Aaron to count "all those in Israel who are able to bear arms." In the

5540:, translated by Charles B. Chavel (London: Soncino Press, 1967), 2 volumes; Charles Wengrov, translator, 3425:, then the maqam that is applied is Hoseni, the maqam that symbolizes the beauty of receiving the Torah. 2104:

The Mishnah taught that as the Levites exempted the Israelites' firstborn in the wilderness, it followed

2066:, to describe the location of the frankincense, it should also mean "next to." But the Rabbis disagreed. 1571:, he returned them to God by number after having them counted in the census reported at Numbers 26:1–51. 6835: 6614: 6484: 6481:. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 1004–24. Jerusalem: Lambda Publishers, 2005. 6440:. Translated by Harry Sperling and Maurice Simon. 5 volumes. London: Soncino Press, 1934. And in, e.g., 6198: 6132: 5798: 5745: 5079: 2009: 1852: 1768: 1723:

The Gemara asked what 2 Samuel 24:15 meant by "the time appointed." Samuel the elder, the son-in-law of

1595: 1509: 872:

the 273 Israelite firstborn over and above the number of the Levites, God instructed Moses to take five

6628:. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 1004–17. New York: Lambda Publishers, 2012. 6548:. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 791–801. New York, Lambda Publishers, 2000. 5817:: Bikkurim 11b; Shabbat 76b; Eruvin 35b; Yoma 31a; Megillah 15b, 17b; Yevamot 12a; Sanhedrin 11b, 60b. 1698:

Similarly, reading Genesis 26:12, "And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in that year a hundredfold (

7378: 6495:. Translated and condensed by Eliyahu Munk, volume 2, pages 683–91. New York, Lambda Publishers, 2001. 7415: 7353: 7262:

The Heart of Torah, Volume 2: Essays on the Weekly Torah Portion: Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

7027: 7023: 6753: 6449: 6390:. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 847–59. Jerusalem: Ktav Publishers, 2013. 5111: 3347: 833:

The Kohathites, numbered 8,600, camped along the south side of the Tabernacle, and had charge of the

81: 6682:, pages 1–33. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1939. Reprinted by Literary Licensing, 2011. 6223:. Edited and translated by Martin I. Lockshin, pages 155–65. Providence: Brown Judaic Studies, 2001. 2096: 7757: 7727: 7699: 7679: 7431: 7368: 7081: 6379: 5157: 3932: 3873: 2036: 1980: 1968: 1882: 1878: 1837: 1728: 1647: 1440:

divorce. Then he saw a poor, well-born orphan girl whom he desired to marry. He told his best man (

1413: 1299: 1294: 851: 834: 1824: 7707: 7601: 7591: 7581: 7543: 6903: 5730: 2962: 1764: 1618:, in 1 Samuel 11:8 means being broken pieces (that is, pebbles). Rav Ashi suggested that perhaps 1591:

quantified by counting does not lose its identity and impact when outnumbered a thousand to one.

7276:

Numbers: The Wilderness Years: Covenant & Conversation: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible

5553:

See Mark L. Kligman, "The Bible, Prayer, and Maqam: Extra-Musical Associations of Syrian Jews,"

3866:

Proceedings of the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement: 1986–1990

6798:. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, pages 163–65 New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. 6729:

The Call of the Torah: An Anthology of Interpretation and Commentary on the Five Books of Moses

5844: 4451: 7664: 7573: 7513: 7120: 6977: 6970:. Edited by Elyse Goldstein, pages 161–65. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2004. 6960: 6918: 6695: 6585: 6404:

Translated by Charles B. Chavel, volume 4, pages 5–36. New York: Shilo Publishing House, 1975.

6154:

Translated and annotated by Avrohom Davis, edited by Yaakov Y.H. Pupko, volume 6, pages 1–88.

5463: 5151: 4319: 3890: 3113: 2141: 1910: 1732: 1663: 1092: 482: 464: 458: 440: 1492:, as Exodus 3:4 says, "God called to him out of the bush." After that, God spoke to Moses in 1412:

noted that both Numbers 1:1 and 9:1 begin, "And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of

679:

In the third reading, God told Moses that the Israelites were to encamp by tribe as follows:

7674: 7436: 7373: 7154: 6931: 6896:

The Women's Torah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on the 54 Weekly Torah Portions

6639: 6327: 6173: 6155: 5921: 5833:. Edited by Jacob Neusner and translated by Jacob Neusner, Tzvee Zahavy, B. Barry Levy, and 5826: 5814: 5716: 5658: 4703: 4395: 3943: 3469:

Observant Jews recite the concluding lines of the haftarah, Hosea 2:21–22, when they put on

3410: 3379: 2950: 1902: 1860: 1672: 717: 452: 446: 7066:

David Greenstein. "How to Construct a Community: Parashat Bemidbar (Numbers 1:1–4:20)." In

6821:

Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement

6810:

Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement

6796:

Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement

6768:

The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation

5494:

The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation

3394: 1654:

2:1 says, "Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which

1499: 1366:

The Rabbis discussed why, in the words of Numbers 1:1, God spoke to Moses "in wilderness."

497:

and its furnishings. Any outsider who encroached on the Tabernacle was to be put to death.

7649: 7636: 7423: 7172: 7093: 6899: 6801: 6673:

Sabbath Queen: Fifty-four Bible Talks to the Young Based on Each Portion of the Pentateuch

6569: 6551: 6505: 6459: 6137:

Pesikta de-Rab Kahana: R. Kahana's Compilation of Discourses for Sabbaths and Festal Days.

6122: 5807:: Megillah 3:22; Sotah 7:17, 11:20; Bekhorot 1:1. Land of Israel, circa 300 CE. In, e.g., 5753: 4215: 3950: 3145: 2935: 1870:

and remarked on how absurd it had been for him to ask Shammai to appoint him High Priest.

1724: 1096: 907: 422: 416: 101: 73: 42: 31: 6580:. Translated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 4, pages 1347–58. Brooklyn: Lambda Publishers, 1999. 2073:," but does not mention Aaron (whereas Numbers 2:1 reports that "The Lord spoke to Moses 1731:

said it meant at midday. Reading the continuation of 2 Samuel 24:16, "And He said to the

1488:

explained that before the Israelites erected the Tabernacle, God spoke to Moses from the

7159:

The Lives of Ordinary People in Ancient Israel: When Archaeology and the Bible Intersect

1285: 7712: 7505: 7240: 7089: 7071: 7042: 6988: 6657: 6445: 6250: 5884: 5506: 5103: 4368: 4071: 4046:, "Classical Rabbinic Interpretation," in Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, editors, 3706: 2916: 2032: 1898: 1667: 1627: 1564: 1465: 1449: 1380: 1376: 476: 434: 377: 144: 7338: 6686: 3007: 138:

In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or

7772: 7523: 7196: 7097: 7056: 6869: 6845: 6839: 6763: 6533: 6516:. Translated and annotated by Israel Lazar, pages 15–44. Brooklyn: CreateSpace, 2015. 6240: 6226: 5790: 5532: 5199: 5145: 5129: 3869: 3414: 3164: 3149: 2961:

would have to have occurred before the age of 50. The Babylonian Talmud reports that

2931: 1957: 1651: 886: 373: 97: 7305: 5982: 5877:

16:1; 19:2; 47:2; 48:1; 57:1, 3; 76:4; 83:1. Land of Israel, 5th Century. In, e.g.,

5655:

The Context of Scripture, Volume II: Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World

2946:) described in Exodus 25:29 and Numbers 4:7 was struck down by zealots on the spot. 712:

In the fourth reading, God instructed Moses to place the Levites in attendance upon

7654: 7451: 7211: 7104: 6956: 6941: 6780: 6651: 6598: 5864: 5696: 4332: 4254: 4043: 3915: 3886: 3340: 3128: 3104: 3092: 3086: 1998: 1894: 1773: 1489: 1484:

Reading Numbers 1:1, "The Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai," Midrash

1367: 869: 470: 428: 7187: 2124:, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the firstborn in Numbers 3:11–13. 493:, but to put them in charge of carrying, assembling, tending to, and guarding the 6792:"Should There Be a Special Ceremony in Recognition of a First-Born Female Child?" 5613: 3713: 17: 7606: 7287: 7005: 6747: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6281: 6168: 5907: 5903: 5899: 4820: 4739: 4371: 4281: 4086: 3453: 3315: 3141: 3109: 3025: 3001: 1886: 1856: 1560: 1073:

The Consecration of Aaron and His Sons (illustration from the 1890 Holman Bible)

122: 7231: 6654:, pages 219–23. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1998. Reprinted 2012. 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6265: 5851:. Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 1, pages 22, 30; volume 2, pages 36, 41. 5778: 5774: 5770: 5012: 5000: 4892: 4808: 4755: 4691: 4679: 4631: 4479: 4467: 4439: 4293: 4257: 4146: 4113: 3978: 3970: 3116:

teaches that the count of the Levites did not include Aaron the Priest himself.

2889: 7732: 7626: 7518: 7466: 7441: 7300: 6393: 6351: 6269: 6261: 6257: 6253: 5722: 5049: 4976: 4964: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4880: 4796: 4792: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4619: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4572: 4560: 4556: 4540: 4463: 4407: 4305: 4242: 4230: 4218: 4179: 4167: 4125: 4074: 3974: 3966: 3946: 3939: 3935: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3797: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3709: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3418: 3273: 3062: 2864: 2040: 1432: 1399: 494: 369: 365: 7144: 5627:

The Schottenstein Edition Siddur for Weekdays with an Interlinear Translation

5609: 5605: 5593: 5581: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4599: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4203: 4191: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3953: 3813: 3801: 3785: 3622: 3610: 3562: 3167:

taught that the verbs used in the laws of the redemption of a firstborn son (

1759:

then died, and he was individually equal in worth to the greater part of the

1525:, (8) a second time by Saul, (9) once by David, and (10) once in the time of 7538: 7528: 7257: 7100:, pages 188–94. New York: Oxford University Press, Revised 4th Edition 2010. 7050: 6724: 5782: 5518: 3550: 2856: 2047: 1890: 1760: 1457: 1335: 837:, the table, the lampstand, the altars, the sacred utensils, and the screen. 389: 7070:. Edited by Gregg Drinkwater, Joshua Lesser, and David Shneer; foreword by 6058: 5702:

1 Chronicles 21:1–30 (census); 27:1–24 (enumerating the leaders of Israel).

5561:

Maqam and Liturgy: Ritual, Music, and Aesthetics of Syrian Jews in Brooklyn

4864: 4715: 3080:

Maimonides explained the laws governing the redemption of a firstborn son (

2881:

A Midrash taught that had Reuben not disgraced himself by his conduct with

1859:. Shammai pushed him away with a builder's ruler. The non-Jew then went to 6921:, pages 167–69. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, revised edition, 2000. 6860: 6078: 6006: 6002: 4988: 4836: 4743: 4423: 4269: 3072: 3069:

report that the Levites would recite the Psalm for the Day in the Temple.

1798:), it introduces trouble, while when Scripture employs "and it shall be" ( 1650:

taught that whoever counts Israel transgresses a Biblical prohibition, as

1427: 7747: 7742: 7722: 7611: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7481: 7471: 6590: 6514:

Abarbanel: Selected Commentaries on the Torah: Volume 4: Bamidbar/Numbers

6413: 5974: 5818: 5736: 5136:

Hilchot Temidin uMusafim (The Laws of Continual and Additional Offerings)

5037: 4324: 3546: 3529: 3471: 3434: 3336: 2829: 2117: 2100:

Priest, High Priest, and Levite (illustration from the 1890 Holman Bible)

2014: 1874: 1607: 1555: 1100: 7384: 7116: 6207:

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated

6062: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 5998: 5088:

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated

5016: 4824: 4767: 910:

of Torah reading read the parashah according to the following schedule:

7752: 7737: 7563: 7461: 7456: 7446: 7358: 6433: 6429: 6417: 6221:

Rashbam's Commentary on Leviticus and Numbers: An Annotated Translation

6212: 6147: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6054: 6050: 5978: 5958: 5946: 5852: 5804: 5766: 5564: 4503: 4427: 4383: 3422: 3383: 2923: 2867:, and Korah was (as Exodus 6:21 reports) son of Uzziel's older brother 2121: 2035:

8:65 indicates that Solomon celebrated seven days of dedication of the

1972: 1848: 1829: 1756: 1751:) from among them, through whose death many sins could be expiated. So 1743:),'" Rabbi Eleazar taught that God told the Angel to take a great man ( 1691: 1485: 1470: 1371: 1351: 1319: 894: 738: 728: 93: 77: 7201:

Torah Lights: Bemidbar: Trials and Tribulations in Times of Transition

6425: 6421: 6114: 6110: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6042: 5986: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5559:, volume 45 (number 3) (Autumn 2001): pages 443–479; Mark L. Kligman, 4913: 4868: 4852: 4840: 4515: 4101: 4059: 2131: 1082:

The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these Biblical sources:

408:

In the second reading, the census showed the following populations by

37: 7669: 7659: 7596: 7486: 7476: 6884: 6770:, pages 3–29, 335–44. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1990. 6643: 6231: 6202: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6030: 5942: 5083: 4727: 4527: 4491: 3294: 3066: 2882: 2860: 2814: 2807: 2777: 2528: 2284: 1991: 1987: 1936:

The Tabernacle that the Israelites Built (illustration from the 1897

1925: 1518: 1493: 1453: 1387: 1355: 1331: 1315: 873: 746: 742: 490: 393: 385: 105: 7328: 6785:

In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers

6247:

Introduction by Henry Slonimsky, page 105. New York: Schocken, 1964.

6118: 5994: 5990: 5847:; Amalek 4; Bahodesh 1. Land of Israel, late 4th Century. In, e.g., 5102:, Bemidbar, part 3, page 117b (Spain, late 13th century), in, e.g., 4419: 4356: 3125:

Modern scholarly interpretations of material in the parsha include:

1574: 7105:“Numbering Israel: A Rhetorico-Structural Analysis of Numbers 1–4.” 6710:, page 21. Broadway, 1998. (Can you judge a people by its numbers?) 6708:

Make Gentle the Life of This World: The Vision of Robert F. Kennedy

5970: 5966: 5750:

The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition

4344: 699: 7717: 7689: 7684: 7621: 7533: 7496: 7363: 7323: 7230: 7186: 7133: 7000:

Dancing in the White Spaces: The Yearly Torah Cycle and More Poems

6859: 6736: 6685: 6621: 6605: 6604: 6541: 6408: 6365: 6341: 6190: 6180: 5931: 5910:; 97 (NV); 97 (MSV); 97:5. Land of Israel, 5th Century. In, e.g., 5712: 3452: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3248: 3237:

Exodus 30:13; Leviticus 27:25; Numbers 3:47; 18:16; Ezekiel 45:12

3227: 3200: 3127: 3071: 3049: 3038: 3029: 3021: 3006: 2965:

said that deaths between the ages of 50 and 60 are also deaths by

2888: 2874: 2868: 2799: 2791: 2784: 2506: 2483: 2130: 2095: 2023: 2008: 1976: 1931: 1823: 1719: 1677: 1584: 1573: 1548: 1534: 1498: 1478: 1474: 1461: 1426: 1347: 1327: 1323: 1303: 1284: 1068: 850: 713: 698: 409: 381: 109: 36: 6493:

Akeydat Yitzchak: Commentary of Rabbi Yitzchak Arama on the Torah

5733:, page 286. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1993. 2942:

The Mishnah taught that one who stole one of the sacred vessels (

7616: 7586: 6141:

Pesiqta deRab Kahana: An Analytical Translation and Explanation.

5809:

The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction

5756:, page 98. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1987. 5727:

The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition

5212:

Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim: The Book of Agricultural Ordinances

5140:(Egypt, circa 1170–1180), in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 3244: 3039: 3033: 2191: 1568: 1526: 1522: 1375:

these are free to all people, so are the words of the Torah; as

1311: 1307: 7388: 7271:, pages 113–15. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2017. 7264:, pages 93–102. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2017. 6974:

Professors on the Parashah: Studies on the Weekly Torah Reading

6938:, pages 210–17. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. 5653:, 20th Century BCE. In, e.g., Douglas Frayne. "Shu-ilishu." In 3543:

The Schottenstein Edition Interlinear Chumash: Bamidbar/Numbers

3144:

saw a conflict over eligibility for the priesthood between the

1394:

month, in the second year," while Numbers 9:1 happened "in the

7177:

Fifty-Four Pick Up: Fifteen-Minute Inspirational Torah Lessons

3161:

Levites had been considered fit priests at a very early time.

1893:

after the destruction of the Temple, and just as they came to

1554:

A Midrash explained that Moses numbered the Israelites like a

847:

In a Torah scroll, Aaron's name in verse 3:39 has dots in top.

127: 7334:

American Jewish University—Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies

7254:, pages 215–20. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2016. 7247:, pages 183–87. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2015. 6601:, volume 13, pages 1–73. Jerusalem: Moznaim Publishing, 1990. 6376:, page 305. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. (wilderness). 5640:

The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these sources:

2984:

of Kohath and asked why Numbers 4:18 also mentions the whole

7286: 7278:, pages 31–70. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2017. 7117:“The Census of Israelite Men after their Exodus from Egypt.” 6675:, pages 107–10. New York: Behrman's Jewish Book House, 1936. 6336:

Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Numbers (Ba-Midbar)

5142:

Mishneh Torah: Sefer Ha'Avodah: The Book of (Temple) Service

1460:

into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month

7245:

Lessons in Leadership: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible

7128:

The Commentators' Bible: Numbers: The JPS Miqra'ot Gedolot.

6966:

Rachel Leila Miller. "Haftarat Bamidbar: Hosea 2:1–22." In

6850:

The Five Books of Miriam: A Woman's Commentary on the Torah

6760:, pages 157–60. Washington, D.C.: B'nai B'rith Books, 1987. 5650: 5496:(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1990), page 432. 3204:. This table translates units of weight used in the Bible: 2992:

of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites."

5677:

Deuteronomy 15:19–23 (firstborn); 33:6 (Reuben's numbers).

4042:

For more on classical rabbinic interpretation, see, e.g.,

1513:

up your head from off you, and shall hang you on a tree."

489:

totaling 603,550 in all. God told Moses not to enroll the

7010:

How To Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now

6648:

The Language of Truth: The Torah Commentary of Sefat Emet

5544:(Jerusalem: Feldheim Publishers, 1988), volume 4, page 3. 5477:

How To Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now

4335:(Jerusalem: Moznaim Publishing, 1990), volume 13, page 9. 2871:, and thus had a claim to leadership prior to Elizaphan. 7002:, page 93. Shelbyville, Kentucky: Wasteland Press, 2007. 6963:, pages 284–92. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 6819:

New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. OH 128:2.1994a. In

6386:. France, circa 1240. In, e.g., Chizkiyahu ben Manoach. 3175:) in Exodus 13:13–16 and Numbers 3:45–47 and 18:15–16, " 2039:, and Moses celebrated twelve days of dedication of the 686:

on the front, or east side: Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun

7068:

Torah Queeries: Weekly Commentaries on the Hebrew Bible

7063:, pages 195–99. New York: Gefen Publishing House, 2009. 6948:, pages 683–700. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2004. 6926:

Teaching Haftarah: Background, Insights, and Strategies

6832:

In the Image of God: A Feminist Commentary on the Torah

6794:

New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1993. YD 305:1.1993. In

6777:, volume 4, pages 125–78. New York: Anchor Bible, 1993. 6402:

Ramban (Nachmanides): Commentary on the Torah: Numbers.

6320:. 12th Century. In, e.g., Judah J. Slotki, translator. 5837:. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2009. 3329:

1 Kings 10:17; Ezekiel 45:12; Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:70

2013:

Jacob, Ephraim, and Manasseh (17th-century painting by

1630:

1:5, which says, "And they found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek (

1306:

installed Levites as singers with musical instruments,

1109: 889:

reports the number of working-age Kohathites counted.)

7252:

Essays on Ethics: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible

7151:, pages 15–25. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. 6946:

The Five Books of Moses: A Translation with Commentary

751: 499: 150: 7112:, volume 35 (number 2) (December 2010): pages 167–85. 6881:

Teaching Torah: A Treasury of Insights and Activities

6808:

New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. EH 1:3.1994. In

6806:"Artificial Insemination, Egg Donation and Adoption." 6717:. Edited by Ronald A. Brauner, page 3. Philadelphia: 1855:

him to Judaism on condition that Shammai appoint him

7061:

Entering Torah: Prefaces to the Weekly Torah Portion

5214:(New York: Moznaim Publishing, 2005), pages 688–703. 5144:(New York: Moznaim Publishing, 2007), pages 576–77; 1610:

demurred, asking how Rabbi Isaac knew that the word

1521:

for the division of the land of Israel, (7) once by

7698: 7635: 7572: 7504: 7422: 6976:Edited by Leib Moscovitz, pages 233–37. Jerusalem: 6700:

Remarks at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968

6135:2:8, 4:3, 7:5, 26:9–10. 6th–7th Century. In, e.g., 5683:

Jeremiah 2:2 (in the wilderness); 31:8 (firstborn).

3863:"A Complete Triennial Cycle for Reading the Torah," 2135:

the lampstand, the responsibility of the Kohathites

368:, in the second month of the second year following 76:for "in the wilderness of" , the fifth overall and 7039:Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary 6713:Ivan Caine. “Numbers in the Joseph Narrative.” In 6477:. Early 14th century. In, e.g., Yaakov ben Asher. 5863:, volume 1, pages 18, 25; volume 2, pages 289–90. 5831:The Jerusalem Talmud: A Translation and Commentary 5511:Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary 3061:Numbers 3:5–4:20 refers to duties of the Levites. 3032:, the Tabernacle was erected, and on the first of 1293:Numbers 3:5–4:20 refers to duties of the Levites. 7225:Bewilderments: Reflections on the Book of Numbers 7217:, volume 37 (number 4) (June 2013): pages 423–52. 6715:Jewish Civilization: Essays and Studies: Volume 1 6668:. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1911. 6597:. Translated by Tzvi Faier, edited with notes by 5538:The Commandments: Sefer Ha-Mitzvoth of Maimonides 4331:, translated by Tzvi Faier, edited with notes by 3108:In verse 3:39 Aaron's name is spelled with dots. 703:Priest, Levite, and furnishings of the Tabernacle 27:34th in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah readings 7145:"Pharaoh and Yahweh as God-Kings (Numbers 1–4)." 6928:, pages 508–18. Denver: A.R.E. Publishing, 2002. 5160:, 2003), pages 72–78. The Psalms of the Day are 3441:Connection between the haftarah and the parashah 1706:)," a Midrash taught that the words, "a hundred 859:The total number of the Levites came to 22,000. 6985:The Torah: A Modern Commentary: Revised Edition 6879:Sorel Goldberg Loeb and Barbara Binder Kadden. 6758:Torah Today: A Renewed Encounter with Scripture 6491:. Late 15th century. In, e.g., Yitzchak Arama. 5674:Numbers 18:15–18 (firstborn); 26:1–65 (census). 5629:(Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002), page 9. 5086:, France, late 11th century), in, e.g., Rashi, 3304:Exodus 21:32; 30:13, 15, 24; 38:24, 25, 26, 29 2050:argued that just as Numbers 2:20 uses the word 152:Relative Arms-Bearing Population of the Tribes 6562:, translated by Avrohom Y. Davis, pages 1–53. 6205:, France, late 11th Century. In, e.g., Rashi. 4097: 4095: 1682:The Numbering of the Israelites (engraving by 7400: 7227:, pages 3–30. New York: Schocken Books, 2015. 6680:Numbers: With Commentary: The Holy Scriptures 6243:, Spain, 1130–1140. In, e.g., Jehuda Halevi. 3912:Numbers: With Commentary: The Holy Scriptures 876:a head and to give the money to the priests. 8: 7124:, volume 60 (number 3) (2010): pages 487–91. 6245:Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel. 1404:there is no chronological order in the Torah 753:Relative Population of the Levite Divisions 692:on the west: Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin 6876:, pages 327–36. New York: UAHC Press, 1996. 6744:Word Biblical Commentary: Volume 5: Numbers 6546:Midrash of Rabbi Moshe Alshich on the Torah 6368:, Egypt, 1190. In, e.g., Moses Maimonides. 4924: 4922: 7407: 7393: 7385: 7215:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 7149:The Book of Numbers: A Critique of Genesis 7109:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 6512:. Italy, between 1492 and 1509. In, e.g., 6334:on the Torah. Mid-12th century. In, e.g., 6152:The Metsudah Midrash Tanchuma: Bamidbar 1. 5821:, Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. In, e.g., 5785:. Land of Israel, circa 200 CE. In, e.g., 5536:(Egypt, 1170–1180), in, e.g., Maimonides, 3148:(abbreviated P) in Numbers 3:5–10 and the 1735:that destroyed the people, ‘It is enough ( 7269:The JPS Rashi Discussion Torah Commentary 6624:, 1871. In, e.g., Samuel David Luzzatto. 5924:. Land of Israel, 5th century. In, e.g., 5725:, Egypt, early 1st Century CE. In, e.g., 906:Jews who read the Torah according to the 902:Readings according to the triennial cycle 7175:. "Why I Want To Visit South Korea." In 6739:: Fondation Samuel et Odette Levy, 1981. 6219:. Troyes, early 12th century. In, e.g., 5450:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5426:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5402:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5378:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5354:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5330:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5306:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5282:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5258:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5234:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 5210:, in, e.g., Eliyahu Touger, translator, 3525: 3523: 3521: 3206: 3103: 1390:noted that Numbers 1:1 happened in "the 1322:'s Temple, Levites sang dressed in fine 912: 732:Aaron's name has dots on top of his name 727: 130:generally read it in May or early June. 7319:Academy for Jewish Religion, California 7301:Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation 6544:, circa 1593. In, e.g., Moshe Alshich. 5542:Sefer HaHinnuch: The Book of Education 3495: 3361:Exodus 25:39; 37:24; 38:24, 25, 27, 29 2972:Reading Numbers 4:18, "Cut not off the 1539:A Shepherd (illustration from the 1897 1424:‎—to mean "raise to greatness"). 695:on the north: Dan, Asher, and Naphtali. 392:men age 20 years and up, "all those in 7167:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 6468:Baal Haturim Chumash: Bamidbar/Numbers 6436:. Spain, late 13th Century. In, e.g., 6150:Bamidbar. Circa 775–900 CE. In, e.g., 7324:Academy for Jewish Religion, New York 6576:. Venice, 1742. In Chayim ben Attar. 5661:. New York: Brill, 2000. (standards). 2847: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2827: 2825: 2820: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2702: 2700: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2410: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2150: 1938:Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us 1541:Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us 689:on the south: Reuben, Simeon, and Gad 7: 6721:, 1979. ISSN 0191-3034. (Numbers 2). 6719:Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 6578:Or Hachayim: Commentary on the Torah 6489:Akedat Yizhak (The Binding of Isaac) 5699:4:18–21. (Naḥshon son of Amminadab). 3910:See generally Julius H. Greenstone, 3187:to the Lord," as well as the use of 1873:The Gemara relates that once Rabban 1342:In classical rabbinic interpretation 6400:. Jerusalem, circa 1270. In, e.g., 5849:Mekhilta According to Rabbi Ishmael 3541:See, e.g., Menachem Davis, editor, 3000:The parashah is discussed in these 1897:, they saw a fox emerging from the 1346:The parashah is discussed in these 116:, and 263 lines in a Torah Scroll ( 7789:Weekly Torah readings from Numbers 6936:The JPS Bible Commentary: Haftarot 6924:Lainie Blum Cogan and Judy Weiss. 6915:The HarperCollins Bible Commentary 5879:Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai 4452:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, Pisha 5 3437:for the parashah is Hosea 2:1–22. 1684:Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux 25: 6894:: Blessings for Giving Life." In 5793:, pages 604, 731, 757, 788, 790. 5718:Who Is the Heir of Divine Things? 4989:Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 121b 4869:Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 2a–61a 4424:Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 109b 4270:Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 121b 3208:Weight Measurements in the Bible 2996:In medieval Jewish interpretation 501:The Encampment of the Israelites 7495: 7306:Hear the parashah read in Hebrew 6650:. Translated and interpreted by 6466:. Early 14th century. In, e.g., 6444:. Translation and commentary by 6174:The Book of Beliefs and Opinions 5038:Babylonian Talmud Moed Katan 28a 4282:Sifre to Deuteronomy pisqa 190:7 1626:, is the name of a place, as in 1078:In inner-biblical interpretation 396:who are able to bear arms." The 7020:The Torah: A Women's Commentary 6998:Suzanne A. Brody. "Census." In 6913:Dennis T. Olson. "Numbers." In 6595:The Torah Anthology: MeAm Lo'ez 6528:Sforno: Commentary on the Torah 5017:Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 81b 4825:Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 112b 4768:Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 19b 4329:The Torah Anthology: MeAm Lo'ez 3532:Hebcal. Retrieved May 16, 2017. 1456:, "So Esther was taken to king 7784:Weekly Torah readings in Sivan 7037:R. Dennis Cole. "Numbers." In 6566:: Metsudah Publications, 2013. 5787:The Mishnah: A New Translation 5065:, 2nd edition, pages 1891–915. 5028:Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 11b. 4744:Babylonian Talmud Menachot 96a 4504:Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28b 4428:Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 47a 4384:Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 62b 4327:, 1764), in Yitzchak Magriso, 3861:See, e.g., Richard Eisenberg, 3475:in the morning. They wrap the 1334:identify themselves as of the 880:Seventh reading—Numbers 4:1–20 404:Second reading—Numbers 1:20–54 80:in the parashah), is the 34th 1: 7779:Weekly Torah readings in Iyar 6593:, 1764. In Yitzchak Magriso. 6564:Lakewood Township, New Jersey 6558:. Amsterdam, 1680. In, e.g., 5686:Ezekiel 1:10 (on four sides). 4914:Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 11b 4867:; Tosefta Bekhorot 1:1–7:15; 4853:Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 4a 4841:Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 3b 4516:Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 31a 4102:Babylonian Talmud Pesachim 6b 4060:Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 55a 4050:, 2nd edition, pages 1859–78. 1986:A Midrash taught that Korah, 1330:extolled God in song. Eleven 863:Sixth reading—Numbers 3:40–51 724:Fifth reading—Numbers 3:14–39 708:Fourth reading—Numbers 3:1–13 400:or army divisions are named. 364:In the first reading, in the 7267:Steven Levy and Sarah Levy. 7012:, pages 290, 314. New York: 6987:. Revised edition edited by 6646:, before 1906. Excerpted in 5855:: Scholars Press, 1988. And 5569:Wayne State University Press 5521:, 2009), volume 1, page 258. 5118:, 2014), volume 8, page 256. 4728:Babylonian Talmud Horayot 6b 4528:Babylonian Talmud Makkot 24b 4492:Babylonian Talmud Makkot 12b 3378:According to Maimonides and 3262:Genesis 24:22; Exodus 38:26 3194:Numbers 3:47 reports that a 1350:sources from the era of the 675:Third reading—Numbers 2:1–34 360:First reading—Numbers 1:1–19 104:. The parashah tells of the 7349:Jewish Theological Seminary 7179:, pages 193–98. Jerusalem: 7030:, pages 789–814. New York: 6991:, pages 897–920. New York: 6951:Nili S. Fox. "Numbers." In 6442:The Zohar: Pritzker Edition 6370:The Guide for the Perplexed 6158:: Eastern Book Press, 2006. 5452:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5428:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5404:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5380:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5356:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5332:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5308:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5284:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5260:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5236:Mishneh Torah: Sefer Zeraim 5150:Or Hadash: A Commentary on 5108:The Zohar: Pritzker Edition 4420:Babylonian Talmud Nazir 49a 4357:Babylonian Talmud Taanit 8b 4158:Midrash Tanḥuma, Ki Sisa 9. 4137:Midrash Tanḥuma Bamidbar 3. 3465:The haftarah in the liturgy 1997:Rabbi Hama bar Haninah and 1402:name that this proved that 683:around the Tabernacle: Levi 398:heads of each of the tribes 7810: 7074:, pages 187–91. New York: 7045:, volume 1, pages 341–46. 6887:: A.R.E. Publishing, 1997. 6852:, pages 197–98. New York: 6826:Judith S. Antonelli. "The 6671:Alexander Alan Steinbach. 6526:. Venice, 1567. In, e.g., 6448:, volume 8, pages 250–84. 6388:Chizkuni: Torah Commentary 5869:Jewish Publication Society 5505:Bruce Wells, "Exodus," in 4716:Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 4345:Babylonian Talmud Yoma 22b 3920:Jewish Publication Society 3504:"Torah Stats for Bemidbar" 3367:36 kilograms; 79.4 pounds 29: 7493: 7076:New York University Press 6817:"Women Raise Your Hands." 6454:Stanford University Press 6125:, 6th Century. In, e.g., 5926:Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus 5857:Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael 5841:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael 5748:. Circa 93–94. In, e.g., 5154:for Shabbat and Festivals 5116:Stanford University Press 4904:Midrash Tanḥuma, Korah 1. 3897:, 2nd edition (New York: 3483:On Shabbat Machar Chodesh 3355: 3323: 3298: 3277: 3256: 3231: 3168: 3081: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2604: 2602: 2578: 2576: 2552: 2550: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2334: 2332: 2241: 2239: 2059: 2051: 2046:The Mishnah reports that 1949: 1828:Hillel (sculpture at the 1811:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael 1744: 1736: 1707: 1699: 1639: 1631: 1619: 1611: 1599: 1441: 1431:Esther (1878 painting by 1421: 1289:A lyre on an Israeli coin 139: 117: 85: 69: 7374:Union for Reform Judaism 7221:Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg 7205:New Milford, Connecticut 6993:Union for Reform Judaism 6908:Jewish Lights Publishing 6632:Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter 6619:Commentary on the Torah. 6520:Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno 5875:Mekhilta of Rabbi Simeon 5689:Hosea 2:16 (wilderness). 5625:Menachem Davis, editor, 4865:Mishnah Bekhorot 1:1–9:8 3364:3,000 shekels; 60 minas 3121:In modern interpretation 1410:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak 30:Not to be confused with 6874:The Haftarah Commentary 6538:Commentary on the Torah 6524:Commentary on the Torah 6510:Commentary on the Torah 6398:Commentary on the Torah 6357:Guide for the Perplexed 6322:Midrash Rabbah: Numbers 6217:Commentary on the Torah 5912:Midrash Rabbah: Genesis 5742:Antiquities of the Jews 5138:, chapter 6, halachah 9 3901:, 2014), pages 1835–41. 3899:Oxford University Press 3876:, 2001), pages 383–418. 3265:10 gerahs; half shekel 1690:The Rabbis taught in a 868:Israelites' cattle. To 7369:Reconstructing Judaism 7291: 7236: 7192: 7181:Gefen Publishing House 7163:Grand Rapids, Michigan 7139: 7047:Grand Rapids, Michigan 6953:The Jewish Study Bible 6890:Sheryl Nosan. "Beyond 6865: 6704:Maxwell Taylor Kennedy 6691: 6678:Julius H. Greenstone. 6666:volume 3, pages 219–38 6610: 6347: 6186: 5937: 5871:, 1933, reissued 2004. 5515:Grand Rapids, Michigan 5483:, 2007), pages 313–14. 4468:Numbers Rabbah 1:11–12 3895:The Jewish Study Bible 3461: 3406: 3133: 3117: 3077: 3044: 3012: 2894: 2136: 2101: 2018: 1941: 1833: 1687: 1579: 1544: 1504: 1436: 1290: 1074: 856: 733: 704: 78:first distinctive word 46: 7416:Weekly Torah Portions 7364:Pardes from Jerusalem 7290: 7234: 7207:: Maggid Books, 2012. 7190: 7137: 6863: 6836:Northvale, New Jersey 6689: 6615:Samuel David Luzzatto 6608: 6485:Isaac ben Moses Arama 6345: 6184: 6133:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 5935: 5799:Yale University Press 5013:Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6 4821:Mishnah Zevachim 14:4 4740:Mishnah Menachot 11:5 3456: 3397: 3310:12 grams; 0.42 ounce 3131: 3107: 3075: 3042: 3010: 2892: 2134: 2099: 2012: 1935: 1827: 1681: 1577: 1538: 1502: 1430: 1288: 1072: 937:2025, 2028, 2031 ... 934:2024, 2027, 2030 ... 931:2023, 2026, 2029 ... 854: 731: 702: 100:and the first in the 40: 7354:MyJewishLearning.com 7092:, Marc Z. Brettler, 7024:Tamara Cohn Eskenazi 6464:Rimze Ba'al ha-Turim 6450:Stanford, California 5112:Stanford, California 4837:Mishnah Bekhorot 1:1 4087:Numbers Rabbah 19:26 3975:2 Chronicles 19:8–11 3553:, 2007), pages 2–27. 3551:Mesorah Publications 3530:“Parashat Bamidbar.” 3307:20 gerahs; 2 bekahs 3289:8 grams; 0.28 ounce 3268:6 grams; 0.21 ounce 3036:, God counted them. 1660:Rav Naḥman bar Isaac 1281:Numbers chapters 3–4 1111:Order of the Tribes 718:killed the firstborn 82:weekly Torah portion 7210:Janson C. Condren. 7082:Terence E. Fretheim 6854:G. P. Putnam's Sons 6750:: Word Books, 1984. 6733:La Voix de la Thora 6662:Legends of the Jews 6380:Hezekiah ben Manoah 6374:Michael Friedländer 5861:Jacob Z. Lauterbach 5158:Rabbinical Assembly 5001:Numbers Rabbah 4:13 4893:Numbers Rabbah 3:12 4809:Numbers Rabbah 2:23 4756:Numbers Rabbah 2:20 4692:Numbers Rabbah 18:5 4680:Numbers Rabbah 2:10 4632:Numbers Rabbah 2:17 4480:Numbers Rabbah 1:12 4440:Numbers Rabbah 13:5 4294:Numbers Rabbah 21:7 4147:Numbers Rabbah 1:11 3874:Rabbinical Assembly 3219:Ancient Equivalent 3209: 2037:Temple in Jerusalem 1879:Eleazar ben Azariah 1832:Menorah, Jerusalem) 1300:Temple in Jerusalem 1112: 754: 502: 153: 7379:Yeshiva University 7292: 7237: 7193: 7143:Calum Carmichael. 7140: 7103:Nicholas P. Lunn. 6983:W. Gunther Plaut. 6904:Woodstock, Vermont 6866: 6815:Mayer Rabinowitz. 6692: 6611: 6583:Yitzchak Magriso. 6475:Perush Al ha-Torah 6362:part 3, chapter 24 6348: 6187: 5938: 5761:Classical rabbinic 5731:Charles Duke Yonge 5466:volume 13 page 55. 5448:, chapter 11, ¶ 17 5424:, chapter 11, ¶ 16 5400:, chapter 11, ¶ 10 5063:Jewish Study Bible 5050:Numbers Rabbah 5:5 4977:Numbers Rabbah 6:3 4965:Numbers Rabbah 6:4 4953:Numbers Rabbah 6:5 4941:Numbers Rabbah 6:1 4929:Numbers Rabbah 6:2 4881:Numbers Rabbah 3:8 4668:Numbers Rabbah 2:9 4656:Numbers Rabbah 2:3 4644:Numbers Rabbah 2:7 4620:Numbers Rabbah 2:1 4464:Numbers Rabbah 3:7 4408:Numbers Rabbah 4:1 4317:Yitzchak Magriso, 4306:Numbers Rabbah 4:2 4126:Numbers Rabbah 1:5 4114:Numbers Rabbah 1:1 4048:Jewish Study Bible 3462: 3407: 3222:Modern Equivalent 3207: 3134: 3118: 3078: 3045: 3013: 2895: 2137: 2102: 2019: 1942: 1940:by Charles Foster) 1834: 1688: 1664:Samuel bar Naḥmani 1656:cannot be measured 1580: 1545: 1543:by Charles Foster) 1505: 1452:2:16 writes about 1437: 1291: 1110: 1075: 857: 758:Rank by Population 752: 734: 705: 500: 157:Rank by Population 151: 47: 7766: 7765: 7121:Vetus Testamentum 7090:Michael D. Coogan 6978:Urim Publications 6961:Marc Zvi Brettler 6696:Robert F. Kennedy 6473:Jacob ben Asher. 6462:(Baal Ha-Turim). 6011:Sanhedrin 16b–17a 5823:Talmud Yerushalmi 5707:Early nonrabbinic 5680:2 Samuel 24:1–25. 5376:, chapter 11, ¶ 9 5352:, chapter 11, ¶ 8 5328:, chapter 11, ¶ 6 5304:, chapter 11, ¶ 5 5280:, chapter 11, ¶ 3 5256:, chapter 11, ¶ 2 5232:, chapter 11, ¶ 1 5152:Siddur Sim Shalom 4797:1 Chronicles 24:2 4168:Deuteronomy 10:22 3967:1 Chronicles 23:4 3891:Marc Zvi Brettler 3386:in the parashah. 3371: 3370: 3137:Numbers chapter 3 3110:Rabbi Yaakov Culi 3057:Numbers chapter 3 3016:Numbers chapter 1 2898:Numbers chapter 4 2863:as prince of the 2853: 2852: 2081:Numbers chapter 3 1918:Numbers chapter 2 1362:Numbers chapter 1 1278: 1277: 1086:Numbers chapter 1 1067: 1066: 826: 825: 672: 671: 357: 356: 18:Bamidbar (parsha) 16:(Redirected from 7801: 7758:V'Zot HaBerachah 7499: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7386: 7274:Jonathan Sacks. 7250:Jonathan Sacks. 7155:William G. Dever 7084:. "Numbers." In 6989:David E.S. Stern 6932:Michael Fishbane 6902:, pages 255–60. 6883:, pages 229–34. 6870:W. Gunther Plaut 6834:, pages 331–35. 6790:Gerald Skolnik. 6742:Philip J. Budd. 6626:Torah Commentary 6556:Sifsei Chachamim 6479:Tur on the Torah 6424:; part 3, pages 6372:. Translated by 6328:Abraham ibn Ezra 6156:Monsey, New York 5922:Leviticus Rabbah 5914:. Translated by 5859:. Translated by 5827:Chaim Malinowitz 5815:Jerusalem Talmud 5789:. Translated by 5783:Bekhorot 1:1–9:8 5752:. Translated by 5729:. Translated by 5659:William W. Hallo 5630: 5623: 5617: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5582:Numbers 1:1–2:34 5578: 5572: 5551: 5545: 5528: 5522: 5503: 5497: 5490: 5484: 5475:James L. Kugel, 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5446:Hilchot Bikkurim 5437: 5431: 5422:Hilchot Bikkurim 5413: 5407: 5398:Hilchot Bikkurim 5389: 5383: 5374:Hilchot Bikkurim 5365: 5359: 5350:Hilchot Bikkurim 5341: 5335: 5326:Hilchot Bikkurim 5317: 5311: 5302:Hilchot Bikkurim 5293: 5287: 5278:Hilchot Bikkurim 5269: 5263: 5254:Hilchot Bikkurim 5245: 5239: 5230:Hilchot Bikkurim 5221: 5215: 5206:Hilchot Bikkurim 5195: 5189: 5125: 5119: 5097: 5091: 5072: 5066: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5020: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4872: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4834: 4828: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4704:Jerusalem Talmud 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4396:Leviticus Rabbah 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4040: 4034: 3988: 3982: 3963: 3957: 3929: 3923: 3922:, 1939), page 1. 3908: 3902: 3883: 3877: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3500: 3411:the Weekly Maqam 3390:The Weekly Maqam 3380:Sefer ha-Chinuch 3357: 3325: 3300: 3279: 3258: 3233: 3210: 3170: 3083: 3004:Jewish sources: 2951:Jerusalem Talmud 2148: 2147: 2120:in the Mishnah, 2061: 2053: 1951: 1948:Of the banners ( 1847:A non-Jew asked 1746: 1738: 1709: 1701: 1641: 1633: 1621: 1613: 1601: 1443: 1423: 1422:שְׂאוּ אֶת-רֹאשׁ 1197:Numbers 1:20–43 1113: 913: 755: 503: 154: 141: 119: 92:) in the annual 87: 71: 21: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7694: 7631: 7568: 7500: 7491: 7418: 7413: 7383: 7314: 7297: 7285: 7173:Shmuel Herzfeld 7094:Carol A. Newsom 7028:Andrea L. Weiss 6900:Elyse Goldstein 6802:Elliot N. Dorff 6773:Baruch Levine. 6754:Pinchas H. Peli 6570:Chaim ibn Attar 6552:Shabbethai Bass 6506:Isaac Abravanel 6502: 6460:Jacob ben Asher 6420:; part 2, page 6165: 6123:Sasanian Empire 6003:Bava Batra 109b 5763: 5754:William Whiston 5709: 5668: 5646: 5638: 5636:Further reading 5633: 5624: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5579: 5575: 5556:Ethnomusicology 5552: 5548: 5529: 5525: 5504: 5500: 5492:Jacob Milgrom, 5491: 5487: 5474: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5454:, pages 696–97. 5438: 5434: 5430:, pages 696–97. 5414: 5410: 5406:, pages 692–94. 5390: 5386: 5382:, pages 692–93. 5366: 5362: 5358:, pages 692–93. 5342: 5338: 5334:, pages 690–93. 5318: 5314: 5310:, pages 690–91. 5294: 5290: 5286:, pages 690–91. 5270: 5266: 5262:, pages 690–91. 5246: 5242: 5238:, pages 688–89. 5222: 5218: 5196: 5192: 5156:(New York: The 5126: 5122: 5098: 5094: 5073: 5069: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4879: 4875: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4835: 4831: 4819: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4292: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4214: 4210: 4204:Numbers 26:1–65 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4041: 4037: 3989: 3985: 3964: 3960: 3930: 3926: 3909: 3905: 3884: 3880: 3860: 3856: 3850:Numbers 4:17–20 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3774:Numbers 3:46–51 3772: 3768: 3762:Numbers 3:44–45 3760: 3756: 3750:Numbers 3:40–43 3748: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3705: 3701: 3695:Numbers 3:33–37 3693: 3689: 3683:Numbers 3:27–31 3681: 3677: 3671:Numbers 3:21–26 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3647:Numbers 3:14–16 3645: 3641: 3635:Numbers 3:11–13 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3587:Numbers 1:47–53 3585: 3581: 3575:Numbers 1:20–46 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3467: 3460:strap on a hand 3443: 3431: 3401:(painting from 3392: 3382:, there are no 3376: 3283:1 Samuel 13:21 3146:Priestly Source 3139: 3123: 3059: 3018: 2998: 2932:Throne of Glory 2900: 2083: 1920: 1594:In the Talmud, 1364: 1344: 1283: 1238:Numbers 2:3–31 1097:Nadab and Abihu 1088: 1080: 908:triennial cycle 904: 882: 865: 726: 710: 677: 406: 362: 136: 102:Book of Numbers 35: 32:Bamidbar Rabbah 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7807: 7805: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7771: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7578: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7389: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7359:Orthodox Union 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7293: 7284: 7283:External links 7281: 7280: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7255: 7248: 7241:Jonathan Sacks 7229: 7228: 7218: 7208: 7203:, pages 3–29. 7185: 7184: 7170: 7152: 7132: 7131: 7125: 7113: 7101: 7079: 7072:Judith Plaskow 7064: 7054: 7043:John H. Walton 7035: 7017: 7006:James L. Kugel 7003: 6996: 6981: 6971: 6964: 6949: 6939: 6929: 6922: 6911: 6888: 6877: 6858: 6857: 6843: 6824: 6813: 6799: 6788: 6778: 6771: 6761: 6751: 6746:, pages 1–52. 6740: 6722: 6711: 6690:Robert Kennedy 6684: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6658:Louis Ginzberg 6655: 6629: 6603: 6602: 6591:Constantinople 6581: 6567: 6549: 6531: 6517: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6482: 6471: 6457: 6446:Daniel C. Matt 6412:part 1, pages 6405: 6391: 6377: 6340: 6339: 6325: 6251:Numbers Rabbah 6248: 6224: 6210: 6179: 6178: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6144: 6130: 5975:Moed Katan 28a 5930: 5929: 5919: 5916:Harry Freedman 5885:Genesis Rabbah 5882: 5872: 5838: 5835:Edward Goldman 5812: 5802: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5734: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5645: 5642: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5618: 5598: 5586: 5573: 5546: 5523: 5507:John H. Walton 5498: 5485: 5468: 5456: 5432: 5408: 5384: 5360: 5336: 5312: 5288: 5264: 5240: 5216: 5190: 5120: 5106:, translator, 5104:Daniel C. Matt 5092: 5067: 5054: 5042: 5030: 5021: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4933: 4918: 4906: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4857: 4845: 4829: 4813: 4801: 4781:Leviticus 10:2 4772: 4760: 4748: 4732: 4720: 4708: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4660: 4648: 4636: 4624: 4612: 4565:Leviticus 11:1 4532: 4520: 4508: 4496: 4484: 4472: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4369:Genesis Rabbah 4361: 4349: 4337: 4325:Constantinople 4310: 4298: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4208: 4196: 4192:Numbers 1:1–46 4184: 4172: 4160: 4151: 4139: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4091: 4079: 4072:Numbers Rabbah 4064: 4052: 4035: 3983: 3979:Nehemiah 11:16 3958: 3924: 3903: 3878: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3814:Numbers 4:5–14 3806: 3790: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3611:Numbers 2:1–34 3603: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3534: 3517: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3466: 3463: 3442: 3439: 3430: 3427: 3391: 3388: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3344: 3343: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3138: 3135: 3122: 3119: 3058: 3055: 3017: 3014: 2997: 2994: 2899: 2896: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2796: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2082: 2079: 1919: 1916: 1899:Holy of Holies 1774:Jacob bar Iddi 1668:Rabbi Jonathan 1666:reported that 1466:Tower of Babel 1381:land of Israel 1363: 1360: 1343: 1340: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156:Numbers 1:1–5 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1087: 1084: 1079: 1076: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 995: 994: 991: 988: 985: 981: 980: 977: 974: 971: 967: 966: 963: 960: 957: 953: 952: 949: 946: 943: 939: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 925: 922: 919: 916: 903: 900: 881: 878: 864: 861: 849: 848: 845: 842: 838: 831: 824: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 810: 807: 804: 801: 797: 796: 793: 790: 787: 783: 782: 779: 776: 773: 769: 768: 765: 762: 759: 725: 722: 709: 706: 697: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 676: 673: 670: 669: 667: 665: 663: 658: 656: 654: 651: 650: 648: 646: 641: 636: 631: 629: 626: 625: 623: 618: 616: 613: 611: 606: 603: 602: 597: 592: 589: 587:THE TABERNACLE 584: 581: 576: 570: 569: 567: 562: 560: 557: 555: 550: 547: 546: 544: 542: 537: 532: 527: 525: 522: 521: 519: 517: 515: 510: 508: 506: 487: 486: 480: 474: 468: 462: 456: 450: 444: 438: 432: 426: 420: 405: 402: 361: 358: 355: 354: 349: 344: 339: 336: 335: 332: 329: 326: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 301: 298: 294: 293: 290: 287: 284: 280: 279: 276: 273: 270: 266: 265: 262: 259: 256: 252: 251: 248: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 231: 228: 224: 223: 220: 217: 214: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 196: 195: 192: 189: 186: 182: 181: 178: 175: 172: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 135: 132: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7806: 7795: 7794:Book of Hosea 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7498: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7398: 7396: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7266: 7263: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7197:Shlomo Riskin 7195: 7194: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7115:Jerry Waite. 7114: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7098:Pheme Perkins 7095: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7057:Reuven Hammer 7055: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6919:James L. Mays 6916: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6892:Pidyon Ha-ben 6889: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6846:Ellen Frankel 6844: 6841: 6840:Jason Aronson 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6764:Jacob Milgrom 6762: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6640:Góra Kalwaria 6637: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6534:Moshe Alshich 6532: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5999:Kiddushin 69a 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5791:Jacob Neusner 5788: 5784: 5780: 5779:Menachot 11:5 5776: 5775:Zevachim 14:4 5772: 5771:Sanhedrin 9:6 5768: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5641: 5635: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5533:Mishneh Torah 5527: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5447: 5442: 5441:Mishneh Torah 5436: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5423: 5418: 5417:Mishneh Torah 5412: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5393:Mishneh Torah 5388: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5370: 5369:Mishneh Torah 5364: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5351: 5346: 5345:Mishneh Torah 5340: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5327: 5322: 5321:Mishneh Torah 5316: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5297:Mishneh Torah 5292: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5279: 5274: 5273:Mishneh Torah 5268: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5249:Mishneh Torah 5244: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5225:Mishneh Torah 5220: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5202: 5201: 5200:Mishneh Torah 5194: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5146:Reuven Hammer 5143: 5139: 5137: 5132: 5131: 5130:Mishneh Torah 5124: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4243:2 Samuel 24:9 4239: 4236: 4232: 4231:1 Samuel 15:4 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3786:Numbers 4:1–3 3782: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3623:Numbers 3:5–8 3619: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3563:Numbers 1:1–3 3559: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3488: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3415:Sephardi Jews 3412: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3166: 3165:Jacob Milgrom 3162: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3150:Deuteronomist 3147: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2832: 2831: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2802: 2801: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2762: 2760: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2738: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2696: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2666: 2658: 2656: 2648: 2646: 2636: 2628: 2626: 2618: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2537: 2535: 2530: 2519: 2508: 2485: 2471: 2468: 2456: 2454: 2442: 2440: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2382: 2380: 2356: 2354: 2341: 2339: 2295: 2293: 2286: 2248: 2246: 2202: 2200: 2193: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2057: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1959: 1958:Song of Songs 1955: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1769:Isaac Nappaha 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1734: 1730: 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see also 4320:Me'am Lo'ez 3991:Psalms 42:1 3981:(officers). 3893:, editors, 3510:October 15, 3332:50 shekels 3286:2/3 shekel 3142:James Kugel 3114:Me'am Lo'ez 3026:Golden Calf 2859:the son of 1907:Zechariah's 1887:Rabbi Akiva 1857:High Priest 1596:Rabbi Isaac 1295:Deuteronomy 898:sanctuary. 789:Gershonites 767:Percentage 166:Percentage 123:Sefer Torah 70:בְּמִדְבַּר 7773:Categories 7733:Ki Teitzei 7627:Bechukotai 7467:Vayishlach 7442:Lech-Lecha 7339:Chabad.org 7014:Free Press 6636:Sefat Emet 6617:(Shadal). 6394:Naḥmanides 6352:Maimonides 6346:Maimonides 6332:Commentary 6195:Commentary 6047:Horayot 6b 6031:Makkot 12b 5723:Alexandria 5509:, editor, 5481:Free Press 5076:Commentary 3419:Maqam Rast 3198:equals 20 3076:Maimonides 3063:Maimonides 2865:Kohathites 2111:a fortiori 2106:a fortiori 2041:Tabernacle 1866:a fortiori 1433:Edwin Long 951:3:14–4:20 775:Kohathites 764:Population 720:in Egypt. 495:Tabernacle 384:to take a 370:the Exodus 366:wilderness 163:Population 7574:Leviticus 7539:Mishpatim 7529:Beshalach 7258:Shai Held 7051:Zondervan 7032:URJ Press 6725:Elie Munk 6438:The Zohar 6430:117a–121a 6119:Tamid 26a 5991:Nazir 45a 5843:Pisha 3, 5795:New Haven 5610:Hosea 2:5 5594:Hosea 2:1 5519:Zondervan 5162:Psalms 92 3965:See also 3931:See also 3405:'s Duomo) 3358:‎) 3326:‎) 3301:‎) 3280:‎) 3259:‎) 3234:‎) 3171:‎, 3169:פדיון הבן 3084:‎, 3082:פדיון הבן 3043:The Zohar 2990:the tribe 2857:Elizaphan 2142:Leviticus 2116:Tractate 2109:followed 2075:and Aaron 2062:‎, 2054:‎, 2048:Abba Saul 1952:‎, 1911:Zechariah 1891:Jerusalem 1761:Sanhedrin 1747:‎, 1739:‎, 1710:‎, 1708:שְׁעָרִים 1702:‎, 1700:שְׁעָרִים 1642:‎, 1640:טְּלָאִים 1634:‎, 1622:‎, 1614:‎, 1602:‎, 1458:Ahasuerus 1444:‎, 1336:Korahites 1274:Naphtali 1233:Naphtali 1192:Naphtali 1093:Leviticus 948:2:1–3:13 803:Merarites 390:Israelite 380:directed 142:‎, 120:‎, 96:cycle of 88:‎, 86:פָּרָשָׁה 7748:Vayelech 7743:Nitzavim 7728:Shofetim 7680:Pinechas 7645:Bemidbar 7612:Kedoshim 7559:Vayakhel 7554:Ki Tissa 7549:Tetzaveh 7482:Vayigash 7472:Vayeshev 7432:Bereshit 7329:Aish.com 7138:Herzfeld 6609:Luzzatto 6282:12:15–16 6163:Medieval 6146:Midrash 5967:Yoma 54a 5819:Tiberias 5737:Josephus 5721:24:124. 5666:Biblical 5571:, 2009). 4216:1 Samuel 3944:Nehemiah 3870:New York 3547:Brooklyn 3477:tefillin 3472:tefillin 3458:tefillin 3435:haftarah 3429:Haftarah 3337:kilogram 3065:and the 3002:medieval 2978:families 2830:Elzaphan 2118:Bekhorot 2015:Guercino 1903:Jeremiah 1889:went to 1881:, Rabbi 1877:, Rabbi 1875:Gamaliel 1712:she'arim 1704:she'arim 1636:be-bezek 1632:בְּבֶזֶק 1608:Rav Ashi 1604:be-bezek 1600:בְּבֶזֶק 1556:shepherd 1446:shoshbin 1354:and the 1348:rabbinic 1265:Benjamin 1262:Manasseh 1244:Issachar 1224:Benjamin 1221:Manasseh 1212:Issachar 1180:Benjamin 1177:Manasseh 1168:Issachar 1101:Passover 1063:4:17–20 1060:3:11–13 1057:1:52–54 1049:4:11–20 1043:1:44–54 1029:1:36–43 1021:3:44–51 1018:2:32–34 1015:1:28–35 1007:3:40–43 1004:2:25–31 1001:1:20–27 993:3:27–39 990:2:17–24 987:1:17–19 979:3:21–26 976:2:10–16 965:3:14–20 942:Reading 761:Division 609:Manasseh 565:Issachar 553:Benjamin 540:Naphtali 485:: 53,400 483:Naphtali 479:: 41,500 473:: 62,700 467:: 35,400 465:Benjamin 461:: 32,200 459:Manasseh 455:: 40,500 449:: 57,400 443:: 54,400 441:Issachar 437:: 74,600 431:: 45,650 425:: 59,300 419:: 46,500 328:Manasseh 314:Benjamin 244:Naphtali 230:Issachar 134:Readings 110:priests' 108:and the 90:parashah 72:‎— 66:Bamidbor 62:Bamidbar 58:B'midbar 54:BeMidbar 50:Bemidbar 7753:Haazinu 7738:Ki Tavo 7708:Devarim 7637:Numbers 7602:Metzora 7592:Shemini 7582:Vayikra 7564:Pekudei 7544:Terumah 7519:Va'eira 7462:Vayetze 7457:Toledot 7447:Vayeira 7424:Genesis 7183:, 2012. 7169:, 2012. 7078:, 2009. 7053:, 2009. 7034:, 2008. 7016:, 2007. 6995:, 2006. 6980:, 2005. 6910:, 2000. 6856:, 1996. 6842:, 1995. 6642:(Ger), 6456:, 2014. 6384:Hizkuni 6254:1:1–5:9 6213:Rashbam 6148:Tanḥuma 5853:Atlanta 5805:Tosefta 5801:, 1988. 5767:Mishnah 5644:Ancient 5565:Detroit 5074:Rashi, 3951:Malachi 3423:Shavuot 3356:כִּכָּר 3339:; 1.32 3299:שֶּׁקֶל 3255:bekah ( 3247:; 0.02 3185:he‘evir 3181:kiddesh 3112:of the 2976:of the 2936:Ezekiel 2924:Hamnuna 2822:Mishael 2122:Tosefta 2033:1 Kings 1981:Raphael 1973:Gabriel 1969:Michael 1853:convert 1849:Shammai 1830:Knesset 1804:vayechi 1800:vehayah 1796:vayechi 1792:vayechi 1757:Zeruiah 1755:son of 1753:Abishai 1692:Baraita 1565:Succoth 1561:Rameses 1486:Tanḥuma 1471:Abraham 1372:Midrash 1352:Mishnah 1320:Solomon 1316:cymbals 1259:Ephraim 1247:Zebulun 1218:Ephraim 1215:Zebulun 1174:Ephraim 1171:Zebulun 1054:Maftir 1046:3:5–13 1035:4:1–10 973:1:5–16 945:1:1–54 924:Year 3 921:Year 2 918:Year 1 895:Eleazar 874:shekels 739:Gershon 621:Zebulun 591:Priests 583:Gershon 579:EPHRAIM 491:Levites 453:Ephraim 447:Zebulun 388:of the 347:603,550 300:Ephraim 216:Zebulun 43:Genesis 7670:Chukat 7665:Korach 7660:Shlach 7597:Tazria 7514:Shemot 7506:Exodus 7487:Vaychi 7477:Miketz 7191:Riskin 7096:, and 6885:Denver 6830:." 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