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3154:, a celebratory meal with family, friends, and members of the community, the bar mitzvah boy delivering on this occasion a learned discourse or oration at the table before the invited guests, who offer him presents, while the rabbi or teacher gives him his blessing, accompanying it at times with an address. Some Jews celebrate in other ways such as taking the bat or bar mitzvah on a special trip or organizing some special event in the celebrant's honour. In many communities, the celebrant is given a certificate.
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In May, 1992, the board of trustees of the Union of
American Hebrew Congregations (now the Union for Reform Judaism), the synagogue arm of the Reform Movement, unanimously passed a resolution decrying "excesses of wasteful consumption...glitzy theme events, sophisticated entertainment...and expensive
3340:
There are documents that record an
Italian rite for becoming bat mitzvah, known as an "entrance into the minyan" ceremony, in which boys of thirteen and girls of twelve recited a blessing, since the mid-19th century. There were also some bat mitzvah rituals held in the 19th century in Iraq. However,
3206:
The cost of the party depends upon what the family is willing and able to spend. Some families spend tens, or even hundreds, of thousands of dollars on the party. Generally speaking, these celebrations are less costly and elaborate than a wedding in that family. In addition to food and drink for the
3437:
Bar or bat mitzvah celebrations have become an occasion to give the celebrant a commemorative gift. Traditionally, common gifts include books with religious or educational value, religious items, writing implements, savings bonds (to be used for the child's college education), gift certificates, or
3413:
Among some Jews, a man who has reached the age of 83 will celebrate a second bar mitzvah, under the logic that in the Hebrew Bible it says that a normal lifespan is 70 years, so that an 83-year-old can be considered 13 in a second lifetime. This ritual is becoming more common as people live longer,
3324:
described the bat mitzvah celebration as "meaningless", and of no greater halakhic significance than a birthday party. However, he reluctantly permitted it in homes, but not synagogues, as the latter would be construed as imitating Reform and
Conservative customs; in any case, they do not have the
3086:
Some communities or families may delay the celebration for reasons such as availability of a
Shabbat during which no other celebration has been scheduled, or to allow family members to travel to the event. However, this does not delay the onset of rights and responsibilities of being a Jewish adult
2535:
at 12. In most Reform, Reconstructionist, and
Conservative communities, the milestone is 13 regardless of gender. After this point, children are also held responsible for knowing Jewish ritual law, tradition, and ethics, and are able to participate in all areas of Jewish community life to the same
2978:
to launch the B'nai
Mitzvah Revolution, an effort to shift Reform congregations away from "the long-held assumption that religious school is about preparing kids for their bar/bat mitzvah" and focus instead on teaching them how to become committed and involved members of the Jewish community.
2970:
According to Rabbi Mark
Washofsky, "The Reform Movement in North America has struggled over the bar/bat mitzvah. At one time, this ceremony was on the verge of extinction in Reform congregations. Most of them preferred to replace bar/bat mitzvah with confirmation, which they considered a more
3409:
movement in Israel also encouraged the celebration of the bar mitzvah. All those coming of age in the community for that year would take on a project and research in a topic of Jewish or
Zionist interest. Today many kibbutz children are opting for a more traditional bar mitzvah celebration.
3192:
In 1979, the
Responsa Committee of the Central Conference of American Rabbis addressed the Reform attitude toward bat/bar mitzvah: "Every effort should be exerted to maintain the family festivities in the religious mood at the bar/bat mitzvah. Some of the efforts of early Reform in favor of
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While the traditional age to hold a bar or bat mitzvah is 13 for boys and 12 or 13 for girls, some adults choose to have a bar or bat mitzvah if they do not have them as children, alongside the previously mentioned non-traditional ceremony of having a second bar mitzvah when one turns 83.
3425:, as in the Jewish traditional bar and bat mitzvahs. The term has been in use since at least 1958, when Beverly Hills couple Janet and Sonny Salter held a bark mitzvah for their 13 year old dog, Windy. Bark mitzvahs are sometimes held as an adjunct to the festival of
3111:
begins when a boy reaches bar mitzvah age. The common custom is for the bar mitzvah boy to begin putting on tefillin one to three months before his bar mitzvah. This way, by the time he is obligated in the commandment, he will already know how to fulfill it properly.
3336:
There were occasional attempts to recognize a girl's coming of age in eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, the former in Warsaw (1843) and the latter in
Lemberg (1902). The occasion was marked by a party without any ritual in the synagogue.
4737:...Orthodox leaders resisted the "innovation" and impulse to be "with it." In fact, as late as the 1970s, only the most accommodating Orthodox rabbis permitted bat mitzvah ceremonies, and they allowed just the most modest sort of occasions...
3193:
confirmation against bar mitzvah were prompted by the extravagant celebration of bar mitzvah, which had removed its primary religious significance. We vigorously oppose such excesses, as they destroy the meaning of bar/bat mitzvah."
2778:, the other to the house of idols. Regarding this, Rabbi Eleazar remarks, 'Until the 13th year it is the father's duty to train his boy; after this, he must say: "Blessed be He who has taken from me the responsibility for this boy!
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extent as adults. In some Jewish communities, men's and women's roles differ in certain respects. For example, in Orthodox Judaism, once a boy turns 13, it is permitted to count him for the purpose of determining whether there is a
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or may only be ba'al korei for the haftorah, without reading from the Torah at all. Any of these undertakings involves a steep learning curve and much practice, possibly taking a year of study, and is an impressive accomplishment.
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where this is appropriate. Jewelry is a common gift for girls at a bat mitzvah celebration. Another gift for the bat mitzvah girl is Shabbat candlesticks because it is the duty and honor of the woman to light the candles.
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As the ceremony became accepted for females as well as males, many women chose to celebrate the ceremony even though they were much older, as a way of formalizing and celebrating their place in the adult Jewish community.
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Bar and bat mitzvah parties among wealthy Jewish families in North America are often lavish affairs held at hotels and country clubs with hundreds of guests. The trend has been mocked, most notably in the movie
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enlightened and appropriate ceremony for modern Jews. Yet the enduring popularity of bar/bat mitzvah prevailed and today, in our communities, bar/bat mitzvah is 'virtually universally observed' by Reform Jews."
3397:
prefer a research paper on a topic in Jewish history to mark their coming of age. Secular Jewish Sunday schools and communities—including those affiliated with the Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations and
2707:
to those that have reached the age of 13. This seems to imply that, at the time of the composition of the Midrash the bar mitzvah publicly pronounced a blessing on the occasion of his entrance upon maturity.
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Girls may have an aliyah in Reform, Reconstructionist, and Conservative Jewish synagogues. In Orthodox synagogues, aliyot were and typically still are restricted to boys, with a girl potentially giving a
3452:"), is the number 18. Monetary gifts in multiples of 18 are considered to be particularly auspicious and have become common for the bar and bat mitzvah. Many b'nai mitzvah also receive their first
1139:
2669:. Early rabbinic sources specify 13 as the age at which a boy becomes a legal adult; however, the celebration of this occasion is not mentioned until the Middle Ages (from approximately 500
2916:, meaning "one who is subject to the law", though it does not refer to age. The term "bar mitzvah", in reference to age, cannot be clearly traced earlier than the 14th century, the older
3353:
recited the preliminary blessing, read a portion of that week's Torah portion in Hebrew and English, and then intoned the closing blessing. Mordecai Kaplan, an Orthodox rabbi who joined
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In some times and places, local Jewish leaders have officially limited the size and elaborateness of mitzvahs. For example, only ten men were permitted to attend the party in 1730 in
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3293:. In these congregations, women do not read from the Torah or lead prayer services, but they occasionally lecture on a Jewish topic to mark their coming of age, learn a book of
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As the first mention of a party associated with a synagogue bar mitzvah was in the 13th century, hosting some sort of party is traditional and frequently considered necessary.
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have egalitarian participation, in which women read from the Torah and lead services. In Orthodox communities, a bat mitzvah is celebrated when a girl reaches the age of 12.
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In Orthodox circles, the occasion is sometimes celebrated during a weekday service that includes reading from the Torah, such as a Monday or Thursday morning service.
2963:, take on a charity or community service project and maintain membership in good standing with the synagogue. In addition to study and preparation offered through the
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therefore translates to ' who is subject to the law'. Although the term is commonly used to refer to the ritual itself, the phrase originally refers to the person.
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Reaching the age of bar or bat mitzvah signifies becoming a full-fledged member of the Jewish community with the responsibilities that come with it. These include
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money. Gifts of cash have become commonplace in recent times. As with charity and all other gifts, it has become common to give in multiples of 18, since the
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9:14)? Because it is thirteen years older than the good inclination." That is to say, one's good inclination begins to act upon reaching the age of majority.
2512:, before children reach a certain age, the parents are responsible for their child's actions. Once Jewish children reach that age, they are said to "become"
3779:
Today in almost all non-Orthodox congregations, all children mark symbolic entry into Jewish adulthood through b'nai mitzvah (bar or bat mitzvah) at age 13.
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3349:, his synagogue in New York City. Kaplan was unaware of the earlier Italian precedent and learned of them several months later, while on holiday in Italy.
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3165:. These rules were usually meant to avoid offending non-Jewish neighbours, and to maintain the rule that it be a smaller celebration than a wedding.
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and Hebrew schools, bar mitzvah tutors may be hired to prepare the child through the study of Hebrew, Torah cantillation and basic Jewish concepts.
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and in the doing of good works. Whosoever is of superiority in the town is expected to pray for him as he bows down to him to receive his blessing."
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of 10 males) available to do so. However, the public celebration of a girl becoming bat mitzvah in other ways has made strong inroads into
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at the end of the service. Some Modern Orthodox girls give aliyot at women's services, with fewer than ten men (so as not to constitute a
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Many congregations require pre-bar mitzvah children to attend a minimum number of Shabbat prayer services at the synagogue, study at a
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guests, the money at an elaborate party is mostly spent on renting and decorating a venue and hiring staff, from the catering team to
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and some Conservative Jews reject the idea that a woman can publicly read from the Torah or lead prayer services whenever there is a
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held the first public celebration of a bat mitzvah as we understand it in modern times for his daughter on March 18, 1922, at the
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literally translate to 'son of commandment' and 'daughter of commandment', respectively. However, in rabbinical usage, the word
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Other sources also list thirteen as the age of majority with respect to following the commandments of the Torah, including:
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Elsewhere, the Mishnah lists the ages (13 for boys and 12 for girls) at which a vow is considered automatically valid; the
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3402:—encourage the youngsters to select any topic that interests them and relates to the Jewish part of their identities.
3181:. In the 1950s, Rabbi Harold Saperstein of New York described them as too often being "more bar than mitzvah". Rabbi
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4705:...the rabbinate in the United States had already decided on the halakhic impropriety of the Bat Mitzvah ritual...
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sources, and some medieval sources refer to a synagogue ceremony performed upon the boy's reaching age thirteen:
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1980:
1921:
5155:
5069:. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference, 2007. pp. 164–167.
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2554:. Some classic sources identify the age at which children must begin to participate in the ritual of fasting on
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2748:, a year or two before their maturity; and then, when the age has arrived, to bring the Bar Mitzvah before the
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3309:. In some Modern Orthodox circles, bat mitzvah girls will read from the Torah and lead prayer services in a
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went together to the primary school and back home; after the thirteen years were over, the one went to the
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only say the blessings before and after their portion is read. A bar mitzvah boy may learn to act as the
2516:, at which point they begin to be held accountable for their own actions. Traditionally, the father of a
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Today many non-Orthodox Jews celebrate a girl's bat mitzvah in the same way as a boy's bar mitzvah. All
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2018:
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3215:, entertainers, and dancers (also called "motivators") to encourage the guests to dance or play games.
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43:21 ("These people have I formed for myself, they shall speak my praise") as referring by its
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for a person to make a meal on the day his son becomes Bar Mitzvah as on the day he enters the
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5036:. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 11. Detroit: Macmillan Reference, 2005. pp. 7818–7824.
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Perleberg, Ellen; Dy, Grace Elizabeth C. (May 25, 2022). "Growing Up on the Wrong Side of the
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as a "man", when a calculation from other verses suggests that Levi was aged 13 at the time.
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4491:"How Bat Mitzvah Became Orthodox," Symposium on Masorah, May 2016 (TorahMusings.com)"
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3365:. At the time, most Orthodox rabbis strongly rejected the idea of a bat mitzvah ceremony.
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or elder for blessing, encouragement, and prayer, that he may be granted a portion in the
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says that over-the-top bar mitzvah parties were already common when he was growing up in
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term being "gadol" (adult) or "bar 'onshin" (one legally responsible for own misdoings).
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The widespread practice is that shortly after a boy turns 13, they are called up for an
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party favors", calling instead for "family cohesion, authentic friendship, acts of
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4283:"Some Laws of Tefillin – The Basic Laws and the order of Putting on the Tefillin"
2714:: "The heathen when he begets a son consecrates him to idolatrous practices; the
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responsibility for one's own actions; eligibility to be called to read from the
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is also sometimes used in the singular as a gender-neutral term, including for
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4719:"Chapter 9: The Orthodox Synagogue and Rabbinate. Section 1: Rites of Passage"
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The Bible does not explicitly specify the age of 13. Passages in the books of
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Calling someone up to say the Torah blessings during a service is called an
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In 2012, concern about the high post-bar/bat mitzvah drop-out rate led the
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of his father and became a worshiper of God when he was thirteen years old.
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explains this as a result of the 13-year-old being a "man", as required in
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Bar mitzvah for 1,000 immigrant boys from Russia at the Western Wall, 1995
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An 1839 description of an upcoming Manhattan bar mitzvah reported in the
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offers thanks to God that he is no longer punished for his child's sins.
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49:
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On the Sabbath, there are seven main sections, plus an eighth, known as
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174:
149:
4438:"Extravagant Weddings and Bar Mitzvahs Humiliate the Jewish Community"
6282:
6063:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5971:
5958:
5953:
5647:
5632:
5594:
5584:
5569:
5554:
5540:
5525:
5503:
5427:
5399:
5394:
5369:
5359:
5354:
5285:
5270:
4527:
The Jewish Life Cycle: Rites of Passage from Biblical to Modern Times
4042:
3453:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3278:
3208:
3162:
3158:
3077:
2937:
2913:
2863:
2722:' performed; and as soon as he becomes of age he brings him into the
2666:
2551:
2537:
2030:
2025:
1985:
1970:
1081:
973:
393:
359:
345:
280:
45:
4490:
5663:
3020:
the ceremony of reading a portion of the Torah section of the day.
2789:
Later on are references to a festive celebration on this occasion:
5508:
5457:
5452:
5250:
5065:
Kaplan, Zvi, and Norma Baumel Joseph. "Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah".
3426:
3384:
3376:
3319:
3248:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3186:
3137:
3114:
3094:
2997:
2986:
2933:
2929:
2809:
2767:
993:
422:
326:
295:
4691:
Authentically Orthodox: A Tradition-Bound Faith in American Life
4463:
Authentically Orthodox: A Tradition-Bound Faith in American Life
2841:
2763:
2580:
after the birthday on which the child reaches the eligible age.
145:
127:
signifies becoming a full-fledged member of the Jewish community
5667:
5169:
3941:
3047:
reads all of the Torah portions, and the people receiving each
2859:, at ten years for the Mishnah, at 13 for the commandments..."
5165:
4651:
Peiser, Jaclyn; Lyons, Eve; Chafetz, Marisa (April 27, 2019).
4152:
3421:
is a pseudo-traditional observance and celebration of a dog's
3175:. These lavish parties were also heavily featured in the film
2744:
they are accustomed to initiate their children to fast on the
4610:
Waskow, Arthur Ocean and Phyllis Ocean Berman. Excerpt from
3059:
or any range in-between. He may also be ba'al korei for the
5089:
Today I Am a Woman: Stories of Bat Mitzvah around the World
4347:"$ 1 Million Parties – Have NYC Bar Mitzvahs Gone Too Far?"
4197:"How the Bar/Bat Mitzvah Child Participates in the Service"
5078:
Thirteen and a Day: The Bar and Bat Mitzvah across America
3142:
A boy at his bar mitzvah participating in the traditional
2730:
in order that he may praise the name of God, reciting the
3746:"Celebrating the Age of Mitzvah: A Guide for all Genders"
5091:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2011.
3203:(righteous giving), and parties suitable for children."
4751:"Having a Bat Mitzvah in Their 90s Because It's a Hoot"
3656:: A Case Study of Contemporary Queer Jewish Language".
5032:
Goldberg, Harvey E. "Rites of Passage: Jewish Rites".
4529:. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
4125:
Jewish Living: A Guide to Contemporary Reform Practice
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
3532:), used for both all-male and mixed-gender groups, is
3713:"Bar or Bat Mitzvah? Hey, What About a Both Mitzvah?"
3027:
which is also connected to the reading of that day's
2832:
note the age of majority for army service as twenty.
2629:) is Hebrew for 'commandment' or 'law'. Thus,
4915:: Five Star Publications, 2007. Book with audio CD.
4380:"Saturday Night Live Mocks Over-The-Top Bar Mitzvah"
4236:"Chapter 4: The Baal Korei – Shulchanaruchharav.com"
2851:
as the time one is obligated to observe the Torah's
2009:
1990:
413:
6494:
6474:
6431:
6391:
6190:
6118:
6055:
5987:
5916:
5867:
5830:
5766:
5701:
5608:
5491:
5413:
5335:
5294:
5258:
5201:
3456:from their parents to be used for the occasion and
3227:
Egyptian Alexandria Jewish girls during bat mitzvah
3161:, and music was banned at these parties in 1767 in
3150:Bar mitzvah festivities typically include a joyous
115:
107:
82:
56:
2942:legally marry on one's own according to Jewish law
4943:. Beverly Hills: Salter Lipsky Press. p. 290
3789:
3787:
3620:, all meaning 'in' or 'subject to' mitzvah), and
3516:meaning 'son of' and 'daughter of' respectively;
3033:section. It is most common to give the child the
5132:My Jewish Learning – What Does Bar Mitzvah Mean?
4484:
4482:
4179:, לעלות, meaning, "to rise, to ascend; to go up"
3040:In most synagogues, a designated officiant, the
2952:; and the capacity to testify as a witness in a
2940:; the right to possess personal property and to
4985:"Pets Gaining Recognition in Places of Worship"
4822:"At This Bar Mitzvah, Dylan's The Only Prophet"
2641:means 'under the category of' or 'subject to'.
5009:"Bat Mitzvah: What It Is and How to Celebrate"
4723:Modern Orthodox Judaism: A Documentary History
3685:"This teen had a gender neutral b'nei mitzvah"
3647:
3645:
3520:meaning 'commandment' or 'law'. The plural of
3055:, either for the entire service, for just his
5679:
5181:
5080:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005.
4962:Rabbi Charles A. Kroloff (January 19, 1997).
4489:Eleff, Zev; Butler, Menachem (January 2016).
4148:
4146:
4144:
3087:which comes about strictly by virtue of age.
2740:(18:5) makes matters even more explicit: "In
2461:
8:
4687:"Chapter 2: How Bat Mitzvah Became Orthodox"
4459:"Chapter 2: How Bat Mitzvah Became Orthodox"
3845:An Encyclopedia of American Synagogue Ritual
3575:
3555:
3545:
2912:The term "bar mitzvah" appears first in the
2653:The modern method of celebrating becoming a
2560:as 13 for boys and 12 for girls. The age of
21:
5161:My Jewish Learning – History of Bat Mitzvah
4889:"Today He Is a Dog; Actually He Always Was"
4014:
4012:
705:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
6471:
6428:
6388:
6115:
6052:
5913:
5827:
5763:
5686:
5672:
5664:
5188:
5174:
5166:
3839:
3837:
3592:youth; other gender-neutral terms include
2855:: "At five years old one should study the
2468:
2454:
2318:
1959:
1032:
839:
444:
313:
132:
35:
20:
4558:"Coming of age a little later than usual"
2718:has his son circumcised and the rite of '
4803:City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism
3393:Instead of reading from the Torah, some
3178:You Are So Not Invited to My Bat Mitzvah
2847:The age of thirteen is mentioned in the
4861:"Why 83 Is The New 13 For Bar Mitzvahs"
4846:"LifeCycle Events: Bar and Bat Mitzvah"
4717:Eleff, Zev; Schacter, Jacob J. (2016).
3641:
3502:
2619:), in Hebrew, means 'daughter'.
2369:
2321:
2147:
2094:
2061:
2038:
1962:
1828:
1716:
1690:
1525:
1319:
1094:
1066:
925:
759:
688:
588:
503:
447:
367:
344:
316:
144:
91:boys: 13 years old, girls: 12 years old
6613:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
4257:"Great Doings in the Jewish Synagogue"
3363:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
3347:Society for the Advancement of Judaism
2576:ceremony is usually held on the first
6414:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)
5062:. University of Nebraska Press, 2014.
4937:Salter, Janet; Salter, Sonny (2009).
4623:from the original on October 13, 2007
4612:A Time for Every Purpose Under Heaven
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
3952:from the original on October 13, 2007
2527:In Orthodox communities, boys become
7:
6542:
4964:"A Rabbi's View Of a 'Bark Mitzvah'"
4749:Maag, Christopher (March 22, 2009).
4653:"Becoming a Woman Before Their Eyes"
4401:Allison Hoffman (December 9, 2007).
2564:roughly coincides with the onset of
6552:
4777:"Molly's Unforgettable Bat Mitzvah"
4359:from the original on April 20, 2010
3576:
3556:
3546:
3529:
3333:holds that it is a seudat mitzvah.
4779:. Sh'ma, A Journal of Jewish Ideas
4614:Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC at
4345:Cohen, Stefanie (April 18, 2010).
3711:Krueger, Alyson (March 27, 2019).
3683:Dolsten, Josefin (March 1, 2018).
101:boys and girls: 12 or 13 years old
14:
6482:Orthodox Jewish schools for women
4907:Shari Cohen and Marcelo Gindlin.
4887:Lily Koppel (December 20, 2004).
4820:Carolyn Slutsky (July 15, 2009).
4507:Iggros Moshe OC 1:104 and OC 2:97
4224:. Vol. Megila. pp. 21a.
3444:, or numerical equivalent of the
2657:did not exist in the time of the
2487:
496:Historical population comparisons
6551:
6541:
6532:
6531:
6520:
6409:League of Jewish Women (Germany)
5249:
5242:
5143:
5114:
4983:Maryann Mott (October 6, 2006).
4859:Amy Oringel (October 19, 2017).
4725:. University of Nebraska Press.
4693:. Wayne State University Press.
4465:. Wayne State University Press.
4321:"The Bar Mitzvah Party Starters"
4065:
3771:"Origins of the Bar/Bat Mitzvah"
2497:
1140:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1054:Historical population by country
5156:Chabad's Becoming a Bat Mitzvah
4586:"The First American Bat Mitvah"
4556:Barkat, Amiram (May 27, 2003).
4093:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls
3940:Bazelon, Emily (May 19, 2005).
3389:Bar mitzvah at the Western Wall
3357:and then became the founder of
3289:and also into some elements of
2884:personified as the great king (
6419:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz
5805:World Congress of Jewish Women
5795:1907 New York City Rent Strike
5785:1904 New York City Rent Strike
5071:Gale Virtual Reference Library
5038:Gale Virtual Reference Library
4775:Arking, Linda (June 1, 2000).
4319:Doll, Jen (December 9, 2017).
1:
2936:and lead or participate in a
2695:interpreting the Hebrew word
711:Christianity and Judaism
60:
4403:"Big bucks and pink thrones"
3971:Machzor Vitri on Pirkei Avot
16:Jewish coming of age rituals
3894:on the Baraita on Avot 5:21
3868:"History of the Bar Mizvah"
3658:Journal of Jewish Languages
3580:; Ashkenazi pronunciation:
3063:portion if he receives the
2010:
1991:
1718:Latin America and Caribbean
414:
6629:
4830:. New York. Archived from
4263:. June 11, 1839. p. 2
4175:: עֲלִיָּה, from the verb
3468:
3341:it was the American rabbi
3305:, or say prayers from the
3172:Keeping Up with the Steins
3099:Bar mitzvah ceremony at a
2948:of the Torah and keep the
2815:Bar Mitzvah in a Synagogue
2323:Jewish political movements
2020:Conversion to Judaism
6515:
6133:Rabbis and Torah scholars
5756:Gender and Jewish studies
5741:Matrilineality in Judaism
5240:
4799:"Bar/Bat Mitzvah Program"
3904:Midrash Hashkem on Shemot
3847:, Greenwood Press, 2000.
3690:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
3670:10.1163/22134638-bja10019
3471:Adult bar and bat mitzvah
3359:Reconstructionist Judaism
3297:, recite verses from the
2956:(rabbinical court) case.
2944:; the duty to follow the
2626:
2616:
2602:
2599:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
2594:
726:Hinduism and Judaism
74:
65:
34:
6373:Women's Rabbinic Network
5780:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
5034:Encyclopedia of Religion
4990:National Geographic News
4525:Marcus, Ivan G. (2004).
4123:Washofsky, Mark (2001).
3983:(in Hebrew). p. 549
3979:
3942:"Saving the Bar Mitzvah"
2976:Union for Reform Judaism
552:Temple in Jerusalem
245:Bar and bat mitzvah
6343:Women of Reform Judaism
6238:Haifa Women's Coalition
5774:Jewish Women's Congress
5045:Bat Mitzvahs in America
4617:"History of Bat Mizvah"
4407:The Chicago Jewish News
4378:Al (January 18, 2011).
4090:The Jewish Encyclopedia
3796:63:10 (commenting upon
3562:Ashkenazi pronunciation
3317:, a prominent Orthodox
3287:Modern Orthodox Judaism
2531:at 13 and girls become
514:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6583:Jewish law and rituals
6507:Tomb of the Matriarchs
6288:League of Jewish Women
6243:Israel Women's Network
5988:Practices and concepts
5800:1909 Shirtwaist Strike
5060:Bar Mitzvah: A History
4590:Jewish Virtual Library
4382:. Jewish Humor Central
4087:; et al. (eds.).
4041:A. 16, B. 30; Midrash
3538:, also transliterated
3390:
3382:
3373:Alternative ceremonies
3252:
3240:
3228:
3147:
3127:
3107:The obligation to lay
3104:
3010:
2995:
2908:The term "bar mitzvah"
2821:
2675:Post-classical history
111:Coming-of-age ceremony
6333:Union of Jewish Women
6258:Women Artists' Circle
5811:Women's Torah Project
5307:Prayers and blessings
5067:Encyclopaedia Judaica
4261:New York Daily Herald
3388:
3380:
3246:
3239:bat mitzvah in Israel
3234:
3226:
3141:
3118:
3098:
3001:
2990:
2813:
1260:São Tomé and Príncipe
1255:Republic of the Congo
649:Second Temple Judaism
520:Kingdom of Judah
491:Modern historiography
6593:Judaism and children
6399:Clara de Hirsch Home
5817:Women's Siyum HaShas
5443:Weekly Torah reading
5152:at Wikimedia Commons
5127:Chabad's Bar Mitzvah
5123:at Wikimedia Commons
5083:Vinick, Barbara and
4997:on October 18, 2006.
4940:Beverly Hills Gothic
4909:Alfie's Bark Mitzvah
4413:on November 20, 2012
3777:. October 19, 2012.
3355:Conservative Judaism
2893:Pirke Rabbi Eli'ezer
2601:word meaning 'son' (
2546:is mentioned in the
2362:World Agudath Israel
1503:United Arab Emirates
590:Second Temple period
580:Babylonian captivity
119:Reaching the age of
6578:Bar and bat mitzvah
6461:The American Jewess
5719:Early modern period
5276:Bar and bat mitzvah
5076:Oppenheimer, Mark.
4685:Eleff, Zev (2020).
4457:Eleff, Zev (2020).
4443:The Huffington Post
4436:(August 23, 2010).
4039:Abot de-Rabbi Natan
3872:Jewish Encyclopedia
3596:('celebration of')
3448:word for "life", ("
3219:Bat mitzvah customs
3119:Bar mitzvah at the
3002:Bar mitzvah at the
2983:Aliyah to the Torah
2899:rejected the total
2689:Simon Tzemach Duran
655:Hellenistic Judaism
233:Land of Israel
192:Principles of faith
31:
6527:Judaism portal
6392:Historic / defunct
6106:Court of the Women
5736:Gender and Judaism
5415:Religious practice
4969:The New York Times
4894:The New York Times
4809:on April 20, 2008.
4755:The New York Times
4657:The New York Times
4201:My Jewish Learning
3843:Olitsky, Kerry M.
3717:The New York Times
3400:The Workers Circle
3391:
3383:
3343:Mordecai M. Kaplan
3253:
3241:
3229:
3148:
3128:
3105:
3011:
2996:
2822:
2762:: "Up to 13 years
2611:in Hebrew), while
2216:Jewish Koine Greek
1758:Dominican Republic
1039:Judaism by country
718:Jews and Christmas
573:Assyrian captivity
6608:Jewish life cycle
6588:Judaism and women
6565:
6564:
6490:
6489:
6470:
6469:
6447:Hadassah Magazine
6427:
6426:
6278:Kohenet Institute
6186:
6185:
6114:
6113:
5995:Gender separation
5983:
5982:
5934:Marriage contract
5868:Life cycle events
5863:
5862:
5826:
5825:
5790:1906 Tonsil Riots
5661:
5660:
5317:Grace after meals
5202:Birth and infancy
5148:Media related to
5119:Media related to
5085:Shulamit Reinharz
5058:Hilton, Michael.
5053:978-1-312-92108-5
4913:Chandler, Arizona
4834:on July 20, 2009.
4732:978-0-8276-1289-1
4700:978-0-8143-4482-8
4472:978-0-8143-4482-8
4134:978-0-8074-0702-8
3912:Sefer ha'Likkutim
3775:ReformJudaism.org
3604:('reception of')
3550:). The plural of
3414:healthier lives.
3261:Reconstructionist
3251:(Sephardi custom)
3247:Reading from the
2478:
2477:
2427:
2426:
2175:
2174:
1922:Reconstructionist
1866:
1865:
1018:
1017:
825:
824:
662:Jewish–Roman wars
610:Hasmonean dynasty
526:Kingdom of Israel
430:
429:
131:
130:
6620:
6598:Rites of passage
6555:
6554:
6545:
6544:
6535:
6534:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6472:
6429:
6389:
6116:
6056:Prayer and study
6053:
5959:Ritual immersion
5914:
5828:
5764:
5724:In the Holocaust
5709:Women in Judaism
5695:Women in Judaism
5688:
5681:
5674:
5665:
5423:613 commandments
5345:Marriageable age
5253:
5246:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5167:
5147:
5118:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4993:. Archived from
4980:
4974:
4973:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4934:
4928:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4805:. Archived from
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4592:. March 18, 1922
4582:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4495:Torahmusings.com
4486:
4477:
4476:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4409:. Archived from
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4316:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4193:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4150:
4139:
4138:
4120:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4050:
4036:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4007:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3973:, also found at
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3937:
3931:
3921:
3915:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3864:
3858:
3841:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3811:
3805:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3649:
3629:
3624:('covenant of')
3579:
3578:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3531:
3507:
3311:women's tefillah
3273:The majority of
2882:evil inclination
2785:
2781:
2746:Day of Atonement
2738:Masseket Soferim
2673:to 1500 CE; see
2628:
2618:
2604:
2596:
2499:
2489:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2319:
2200:
2021:
2015:
1996:
1960:
1907:
1854:New Zealand
1806:
1769:El Salvador
1759:
1691:Northern America
1683:
1277:
1033:
944:Crimean Karaites
840:
818:
816:
737:
735:
727:
721:
712:
700:Rabbinic Judaism
681:
675:
669:
657:
645:
611:
604:Maccabean Revolt
581:
574:
568:
560:
553:
547:
539:
521:
445:
419:
314:
246:
234:
133:
78:
76:
67:
57:Native name
39:
32:
30:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6521:
6519:
6511:
6486:
6466:
6423:
6404:Di Vilde Chayes
6387:
6338:Cantors Network
6218:Chochmat Nashim
6182:
6153:Toanot Rabniyot
6146:Yoetzet halacha
6119:Religious roles
6110:
6085:Tefillin Barbie
6051:
5979:
5939:Marital harmony
5912:
5859:
5838:Jewish feminism
5822:
5762:
5697:
5692:
5662:
5657:
5643:Yahrzeit candle
5604:
5492:Religious items
5487:
5409:
5331:
5312:Prayer services
5290:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5238:
5209:Hebrew birthday
5197:
5194:
5140:
5111:
5106:
5043:Golding, Nora.
5029:
5027:Further reading
5024:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4906:
4902:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4827:The Jewish Week
4819:
4818:
4814:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4641:Marcus, pg 112.
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4546:Marcus, p. 106.
4545:
4541:
4524:
4520:
4516:Yabia Omer 2:29
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4434:Shmuley Boteach
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4195:
4194:
4183:
4166:
4162:
4151:
4142:
4135:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4112:Baba Metzia 96a
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4085:Singer, Isidore
4077:Kaufmann Kohler
4071:
4066:
4064:
4053:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3922:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3812:
3808:
3802:בראשית רבה סג י
3792:
3785:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3584:). In English,
3577:בְּנוֹת מִצְוָה
3508:
3504:
3499:
3482:
3473:
3467:
3435:
3375:
3315:Moshe Feinstein
3221:
3183:Shmuley Boteach
3133:
3093:
2993:New York Herald
2985:
2926:
2910:
2808:
2783:
2779:
2712:Midrash Hashkem
2705:numerical value
2651:
2586:
2508:. According to
2474:
2429:
2428:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2296:Judeo-Malayalam
2276:Judaeo-Georgian
2196:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2077:Yiddish theatre
2019:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1905:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1804:
1757:
1681:
1275:
1059:Genetic studies
1030:
1020:
1019:
837:
827:
826:
814:
813:
733:
732:
725:
715:
710:
692:and Middle Ages
690:Rabbinic period
677:
671:
664:
652:
623:
609:
579:
572:
563:
555:
551:
542:
537:in Judaism
534:
519:
442:
432:
431:
311:
301:
300:
244:
232:
177:
69:
52:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6626:
6624:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6549:
6539:
6529:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6433:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6378:Women's Spirit
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6323:Philomath Club
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6130:
6122:
6120:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6074:
6067:
6059:
6057:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5911:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5883:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5834:
5832:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5770:
5768:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5705:
5703:
5702:General topics
5699:
5698:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5618:Chevra Kadisha
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5375:Jewish wedding
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Ritual washing
5298:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:External links
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:978-0253356932
5081:
5074:
5063:
5056:
5047:. Lulu, 2015.
5041:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5000:
4975:
4954:
4929:
4925:978-1589850552
4900:
4879:
4851:
4837:
4812:
4790:
4767:
4741:
4731:
4709:
4699:
4677:
4643:
4634:
4603:
4574:
4548:
4539:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4478:
4471:
4449:
4424:
4393:
4370:
4337:
4296:
4274:
4248:
4227:
4213:
4181:
4160:
4158:, Winter 2012.
4154:Reform Judaism
4140:
4133:
4127:. UAHC Press.
4115:
4104:
4073:Marcus Jastrow
4051:
4031:
4020:
4008:
3994:
3963:
3932:
3916:
3896:
3884:
3859:
3833:
3821:
3806:
3794:Genesis Rabbah
3783:
3762:
3737:
3703:
3675:
3664:(1): 120–139.
3640:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3547:בְּנֵי מִצְוָה
3501:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3478:
3469:Main article:
3466:
3463:
3434:
3431:
3374:
3371:
3327:seudat mitzvah
3303:Book of Psalms
3299:Book of Esther
3291:Haredi Judaism
3220:
3217:
3189:in the 1970s.
3152:seudat mitzvah
3132:
3129:
3092:
3089:
2984:
2981:
2925:
2922:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2889:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:wedding canopy
2787:
2786:
2760:Genesis Rabbah
2757:
2735:
2708:
2650:
2647:
2597:) is a
2585:
2582:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2357:Territorialism
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Judaeo-Spanish
2238:
2236:Judaeo-Iranian
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:United Kingdom
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:Bilad-el-Sudan
1112:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1068:Land of Israel
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
928:
927:
926:Related groups
923:
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
859:
858:
853:
838:
833:
832:
829:
828:
823:
822:
821:
820:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Jewish atheism
780:
775:
770:
762:
761:
757:
756:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:Islamic–Jewish
729:
722:
707:
702:
694:
693:
686:
685:
684:
683:
659:
646:
618:
613:
606:
601:
599:Yehud Medinata
593:
592:
586:
585:
584:
583:
576:
569:
561:
548:
540:
528:
523:
516:
508:
507:
505:Ancient Israel
501:
500:
499:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
461:Land of Israel
458:
450:
449:
443:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
427:
426:
425:
420:
416:Shulchan Aruch
411:
406:
401:
396:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
372:
371:
365:
364:
363:
362:
357:
349:
348:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
321:
320:
312:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
241:
236:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
194:
189:
182:God in Judaism
178:
173:
172:
169:
168:
167:
166:
161:
153:
152:
142:
141:
129:
128:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
103:
102:
92:
84:
80:
79:
58:
54:
53:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6625:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6558:
6550:
6548:
6540:
6538:
6530:
6528:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:Rachel's Tomb
6500:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6303:N'shei Chabad
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:Organizations
6189:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6046:
6045:Homosexuality
6043:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6035:Birth control
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5954:Ritual purity
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5944:Head covering
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5677:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5499:Sifrei Kodesh
5497:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5390:Sheva Brachot
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Role of women
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:Coming of age
5257:
5252:
5245:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5214:Shalom Zachar
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4979:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4958:
4955:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4921:1-58985-055-6
4918:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4880:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4778:
4771:
4768:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4678:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4535:0-295-98440-6
4532:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4394:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4352:New York Post
4348:
4341:
4338:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3982:
3978:
3977:Machzor Vitry
3972:
3967:
3964:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3928:Magen Avraham
3925:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3885:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3853:0-313-30814-4
3850:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3586:b'nai mitzvah
3583:
3582:b'nos mitzvah
3573:
3572:
3571:b'not mitzvah
3567:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3541:b'nei mitzvah
3537:
3536:
3535:b'nai mitzvah
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:coming of age
3420:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:Humanist Jews
3387:
3379:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:Judith Kaplan
3348:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:Ovadiah Yosef
3328:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:Hebrew school
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:According to
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:Genesis 34:25
2835:
2834:Machzor Vitri
2831:
2827:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:b'nai mitzvah
2559:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:prayer quorum
2534:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:b'nai mitzvah
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:coming-of-age
2495:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Judeo-Aramaic
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Judeo-Italian
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Ghardaïa Sign
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:Denominations
1872:
1871:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:United States
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Guinea-Bissau
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Lists of Jews
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
924:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
843:
842:
841:
836:
831:
830:
819:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:The Holocaust
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
730:
728:
723:
719:
713:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
691:
687:
680:
674:
668:
663:
660:
656:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
591:
587:
582:
577:
575:
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541:
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424:
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418:
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404:Mishneh Torah
402:
400:
397:
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170:
165:
164:Who is a Jew?
162:
160:
157:
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43:
38:
33:
29:
25:
19:
6603:Commandments
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6432:Publications
6328:Pi Alpha Tau
6175:
6151:
6144:
6125:
6098:
6091:
6078:
6077:Partnership
6069:
6062:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5970:
5906:Chag habanot
5905:
5904:Girls' Day (
5890:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5875:
5807:(1923, 1929)
5714:In the Bible
5600:Four species
5275:
5234:Pidyon haben
5088:
5077:
5066:
5059:
5044:
5033:
5012:. Retrieved
5003:
4995:the original
4988:
4978:
4967:
4957:
4945:. Retrieved
4939:
4932:
4908:
4903:
4892:
4882:
4870:. Retrieved
4864:
4854:
4840:
4832:the original
4825:
4815:
4807:the original
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4770:
4758:. Retrieved
4754:
4744:
4736:
4722:
4712:
4704:
4690:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4656:
4646:
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4611:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4589:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:
4551:
4542:
4526:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4462:
4452:
4441:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4411:the original
4406:
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4373:
4361:. Retrieved
4350:
4340:
4330:December 23,
4328:. Retrieved
4324:
4287:. Retrieved
4285:. Chabad.org
4277:
4265:. Retrieved
4260:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4230:
4222:Talmud Bavli
4221:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4200:
4176:
4163:
4153:
4124:
4118:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4088:
4081:"Bar Miẓwah"
4047:Ecclesiastes
4034:
4023:
3997:
3985:. Retrieved
3976:
3966:
3954:. Retrieved
3945:
3935:
3924:Orach Chayim
3919:
3911:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3871:
3862:
3844:
3824:
3809:
3778:
3774:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3740:
3728:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3688:
3678:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3557:בַּת מִצְוָה
3551:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:בַּר מִצְוָה
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3491:Confirmation
3474:
3439:
3436:
3419:bark mitzvah
3416:
3412:
3404:
3392:
3367:
3339:
3335:
3318:
3272:
3265:Conservative
3254:
3237:Conservative
3205:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3156:
3149:
3134:
3121:Western Wall
3106:
3085:
3082:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3004:Western Wall
2973:
2969:
2958:
2927:
2924:Significance
2911:
2886:Ecclesiastes
2880:"Why is the
2875:
2861:
2853:commandments
2846:
2823:
2814:
2806:Age thirteen
2788:
2772:beit midrash
2720:pidyon haben
2699:("this") in
2696:
2679:
2659:Hebrew Bible
2654:
2652:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2588:
2587:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2420:Post-Zionism
2291:Judeo-Berber
2286:Judeo-Arabic
2246:Judeo-Gascon
1993:Pidyon haben
1912:Conservative
1458:Saudi Arabia
1276:South Africa
1265:Sierra Leone
1087:Israeli Jews
1001:Mosaic Arabs
954:Kaifeng Jews
815:Arab–Israeli
788:Emancipation
667:Great Revolt
476:Anti-Judaism
471:Antisemitism
466:Name "Judea"
261:Baal teshuva
243:
124:
120:
99:Conservative
75:בַּת מִצְוָה
70:
66:בַּר מִצְוָה
61:
44:boy wearing
41:
27:
23:
18:
6557:WikiProject
6071:Tseno Ureno
5929:Matchmaking
5891:bat mitzvah
5880:Simchat bat
5876:Zeved habat
5813:(2003–2010)
5438:Torah study
5365:Matchmaking
5229:Hebrew name
5224:Zeved habat
5196:Jewish life
5150:Bat mitzvah
5138:Bat mitzvah
5121:Bar mitzvah
5109:Bar mitzvah
4872:January 31,
4866:Forward.com
4627:October 10,
4171:, from the
4097:February 4,
4049:Rabbah 9:15
4002:Pirkei Avot
3980:מחזור ויטרי
3814:Pirkei Avot
3804:(in Hebrew)
3566:bas mitzveh
3552:bat mitzvah
3522:bar mitzvah
3263:, and most
3074:d'var Torah
3053:ba'al korei
3043:ba'al korei
2836:notes that
2655:bar mitzvah
2643:Bar mitzvah
2635:bat mitzvah
2631:bar mitzvah
2574:bat mitzvah
2544:Bar mitzvah
2533:bat mitzvah
2529:bar mitzvah
2522:bat mitzvah
2493:bat mitzvah
2483:bar mitzvah
2415:Revisionist
2405:Neo-Zionism
2012:Zeved habat
1805:Puerto Rico
1631:Netherlands
1463:South Korea
1448:Philippines
1328:Afghanistan
1195:Ivory Coast
969:Crypto-Jews
934:Bnei Anusim
913:Bene Israel
878:Beta Israel
835:Communities
742:Middle Ages
481:Persecution
256:Bereavement
125:bat mitzvah
42:Bar mitzvah
28:bat mitzvah
6572:Categories
6177:Firzogerin
5897:For adults
5653:Honorifics
5370:Engagement
5327:Honorifics
5295:Daily life
5219:Brit milah
4783:August 15,
4417:August 13,
4386:August 13,
4289:August 13,
4028:Niddah 46a
4018:Niddah 5:6
3956:October 5,
3892:Magen Avot
3636:References
3486:Brit milah
3325:status of
3268:synagogues
2918:rabbinical
2857:Scriptures
2840:refers to
2680:Some late
2557:Yom Kippur
2510:Jewish law
2504:ritual in
2400:Maximalism
2352:Secularism
2332:Autonomism
2149:Literature
1942:Humanistic
1546:Azerbaijan
1508:Uzbekistan
1483:Tajikistan
1403:Kyrgyzstan
1388:Kazakhstan
1235:Mozambique
1210:Madagascar
1130:Cape Verde
1082:New Yishuv
1077:Old Yishuv
1028:Population
1006:Subbotniks
964:Samaritans
903:Romanyotim
846:Ashkenazim
793:Old Yishuv
773:Sabbateans
760:Modern era
752:Golden Age
679:Bar Kokhba
399:Beit Yosef
266:Philosophy
6318:Nivcharot
6208:B'not Esh
6127:Rebbetzin
6040:Sexuality
6028:In Israel
5949:Homemaker
5746:Bat-Kohen
5729:In Israel
4760:March 31,
4670:April 27,
4665:0362-4331
4596:April 13,
4567:April 13,
4537:, p. 105.
4363:April 18,
3877:April 13,
3725:0362-4331
3618:b-mitzvah
3614:bamitzvah
3610:b'mitzvah
3590:nonbinary
3465:In adults
3125:Jerusalem
3103:synagogue
3037:reading.
3008:Jerusalem
2965:synagogue
2819:Oscar Rex
2793:"It is a
2774:to study
2742:Jerusalem
2724:synagogue
2716:Israelite
2691:quotes a
2682:midrashic
2605:,
2584:Etymology
2410:Religious
2266:Zarphatic
2256:Bukharian
2226:Judeo-Tat
2211:Yeshivish
2185:Languages
2140:Sephardic
2130:Israelite
2120:Ethiopian
2110:Ashkenazi
2049:Religious
1839:Australia
1821:Venezuela
1727:Argentina
1709:Greenland
1621:Lithuania
1473:Sri Lanka
1468:Singapore
1393:Kurdistan
1358:Indonesia
1348:Hong Kong
1301:Abayudaya
1225:Mauritius
959:Igbo Jews
949:Krymchaks
868:Sephardim
736:relations
630:Sadducees
626:Pharisees
616:Sanhedrin
531:Jerusalem
291:Synagogue
159:Etymology
71:Bat mīṣvā
62:Bar mīṣvā
6537:Category
6228:Hadassah
6198:Aminadav
6169:Timeline
6138:Timeline
6100:Mechitza
6093:Midrasha
6023:Abortion
5924:Marriage
5917:Marriage
5843:Orthodox
5831:Feminism
5751:Bat Levi
5638:Yahrzeit
5633:Tehillim
5575:Tefillin
5483:Tzedakah
5478:Holidays
5468:Chavurah
5463:Chavrusa
5448:Daf Yomi
5337:Marriage
5266:Upsherin
4947:July 25,
4621:Archived
4357:Archived
4156:magazine
4079:(1906).
4043:Tehillim
3987:March 7,
3950:Archived
3914:", i. 3a
3654:Mechitza
3602:kabbalat
3480:See also
3458:tefillin
3441:gematria
3329:. Rabbi
3313:. Rabbi
3275:Orthodox
3200:tzedakah
3109:tefillin
3091:Tefillin
3061:haftorah
3030:haftorah
2954:beth din
2946:613 laws
2901:idolatry
2550:and the
2437:Category
2395:Kahanism
2342:Feminism
2314:Politics
2198:Biblical
2168:American
2115:Bukharan
2105:American
2005:Shidduch
1981:Clothing
1937:Haymanot
1883:Orthodox
1811:Suriname
1794:Paraguay
1747:Colombia
1646:Portugal
1556:Bulgaria
1493:Thailand
1443:Pakistan
1423:Mongolia
1418:Malaysia
1338:Cambodia
1312:Zimbabwe
1287:Tanzania
1165:Eswatini
1155:Ethiopia
1145:Djibouti
1125:Cameroon
1120:Botswana
1049:Diaspora
1011:Noahides
984:Marranos
908:Cochinim
893:Bukharim
883:Gruzinim
873:Teimanim
863:Mizrahim
851:Galician
817:conflict
778:Hasidism
768:Haskalah
673:Diaspora
544:timeline
456:Timeline
369:Rabbinic
276:Kabbalah
251:Marriage
227:Tzedakah
217:Holidays
175:Religion
138:a series
136:Part of
89:Orthodox
68:
50:tefillin
6547:Commons
6475:Schools
6383:Vocolot
6308:Na'amat
6293:Maharat
6203:Bat Kol
5966:Divorce
5853:Mizrahi
5848:Israeli
5767:History
5628:Kaddish
5590:Menorah
5580:Mezuzah
5565:Tzitzit
5560:Machzor
5548:Midrash
5536:Tosefta
5531:Mishnah
5519:Ketuvim
5514:Nevi'im
5473:Chidush
5428:Customs
5405:Divorce
5385:Chuppah
5380:Ketubah
5322:Kashrut
5281:Yeshiva
5014:May 16,
4562:Haaretz
4267:May 13,
4241:May 20,
4206:May 20,
4177:la'alot
3926:225:2,
3908:Grünhut
3906:; also
3800:25:27)
3798:Genesis
3730:May 18,
3626:mitzvah
3606:mitzvah
3598:mitzvah
3594:simchat
3518:mitzvah
3407:kibbutz
3301:or the
3131:Parties
3065:maftir,
3057:aliyah,
3025:maftir,
2950:halakha
2897:Abraham
2868:Numbers
2849:Mishnah
2830:Numbers
2795:mitzvah
2732:Barechu
2693:Midrash
2663:Mishnah
2649:History
2627:מִצְוָה
2622:Mitzvah
2578:Shabbat
2566:puberty
2548:Mishnah
2506:Judaism
2500:) is a
2380:General
2371:Zionism
2347:Leftism
2337:Bundism
2261:Knaanic
2221:Yevanic
2206:Yiddish
2163:Yiddish
2158:Israeli
2135:Mizrahi
2125:Israeli
2096:Cuisine
2072:Ancient
2054:Secular
2000:Kashrut
1976:Wedding
1963:Customs
1955:Culture
1932:Science
1927:Renewal
1917:Karaite
1898:Hasidic
1830:Oceania
1816:Uruguay
1784:Jamaica
1764:Ecuador
1732:Bolivia
1676:Ukraine
1651:Romania
1626:Moldova
1606:Hungary
1596:Germany
1591:Georgia
1581:Finland
1576:Estonia
1571:Denmark
1566:Czechia
1551:Belarus
1541:Austria
1536:Armenia
1513:Vietnam
1428:Myanmar
1413:Lebanon
1333:Bahrain
1292:Tunisia
1270:Somalia
1245:Nigeria
1240:Namibia
1230:Morocco
1160:Eritrea
1105:Algeria
989:Neofiti
898:Italkim
888:Juhurim
798:Zionism
747:Khazars
642:Sicarii
638:Zealots
634:Essenes
621:Schisms
486:Leaders
448:General
440:History
383:Tosefta
378:Midrash
355:Mishnah
337:Ketuvim
332:Nevi'im
281:Customs
212:Shabbat
207:Halakha
199: (
197:Mitzvot
184: (
150:Judaism
77:
6495:Places
6454:Lilith
6298:Ma'yan
6283:Kolech
6233:Hadran
6164:Cantor
6159:Scribe
6079:minyan
6064:Tkhine
6015:Yichud
6008:Negiah
6001:Tzniut
5972:Agunah
5819:(2020)
5776:(1893)
5648:Yizkor
5595:Shofar
5585:Kippah
5570:Tallit
5555:Siddur
5541:Gemara
5526:Talmud
5504:Tanakh
5400:Mikvah
5395:Niddah
5360:Yichus
5355:Tzniut
5286:Kollel
5271:Wimpel
5095:
5051:
4919:
4729:
4697:
4663:
4533:
4469:
4432:Rabbi
4173:Hebrew
4169:Aliyah
4131:
4070:
3851:
3829:Niddah
3755:May 5,
3750:Keshet
3723:
3696:May 5,
3612:(also
3526:Hebrew
3454:tallit
3446:Hebrew
3307:siddur
3295:Tanakh
3283:quorum
3279:minyan
3257:Reform
3209:emcees
3163:Prague
3159:Berlin
3101:Reform
3078:minyan
3049:aliyah
3035:maftir
3016:aliyah
2938:minyan
2914:Talmud
2864:Talmud
2826:Exodus
2750:priest
2728:school
2701:Isaiah
2667:Talmud
2568:. The
2552:Talmud
2490:), or
2442:Portal
2301:Domari
2231:Shassi
2192:Hebrew
2087:Humour
2031:Hiloni
2026:Aliyah
1986:Niddah
1971:Minyan
1906:Reform
1893:Haredi
1888:Modern
1789:Mexico
1774:Guyana
1737:Brazil
1699:Canada
1671:Sweden
1661:Serbia
1656:Russia
1641:Poland
1636:Norway
1616:Latvia
1601:Greece
1586:France
1561:Cyprus
1527:Europe
1498:Turkey
1488:Taiwan
1398:Kuwait
1383:Jordan
1373:Israel
1307:Zambia
1297:Uganda
1215:Malawi
1185:Guinea
1175:Gambia
1110:Angola
1096:Africa
979:Dönmeh
974:Anusim
918:Berber
856:Litvak
808:Israel
714:
651:
565:Second
533:
394:Targum
360:Gemara
346:Talmud
318:Tanakh
271:Ethics
222:Prayer
95:Reform
46:tallit
6440:Binah
6268:JWCIF
6263:JWCEO
6223:Eshel
5623:Shiva
5610:Death
5509:Torah
5458:Siyum
5453:Shiur
5433:Rites
4325:Topic
4083:. In
4045:9:2;
3946:Slate
3856:p. 7.
3568:) is
3497:Notes
3433:Gifts
3427:Purim
3320:posek
3249:Torah
3187:Miami
3146:dance
2934:Torah
2930:moral
2768:Jacob
2665:, or
2488:masc.
2390:Labor
2385:Green
2082:Dance
2040:Music
1859:Palau
1779:Haiti
1742:Chile
1666:Spain
1611:Italy
1518:Yemen
1478:Syria
1453:Qatar
1433:Nepal
1378:Japan
1353:India
1343:China
1282:Sudan
1205:Libya
1200:Kenya
1180:Ghana
1170:Gabon
1150:Egypt
1135:Benin
994:Xueta
939:Lemba
558:First
423:Zohar
327:Torah
309:Texts
296:Rabbi
286:Rites
186:names
116:Theme
6363:WLCJ
6358:WIZO
6313:NCJW
6248:JOFA
5889:and
5093:ISBN
5049:ISBN
5016:2020
4949:2021
4917:ISBN
4874:2018
4785:2011
4762:2010
4727:ISBN
4695:ISBN
4672:2019
4661:ISSN
4629:2007
4598:2013
4569:2013
4531:ISBN
4467:ISBN
4419:2012
4388:2012
4365:2010
4332:2017
4291:2012
4269:2022
4243:2022
4208:2022
4129:ISBN
4099:2018
4005:5:21
3989:2018
3958:2007
3910:'s "
3879:2013
3849:ISBN
3818:5:21
3757:2023
3732:2024
3721:ISSN
3698:2023
3622:brit
3512:and
3450:chai
3405:The
3259:and
3144:hora
2895:26,
2842:Levi
2828:and
2766:and
2764:Esau
2726:and
2710:The
2633:and
2617:בַּת
2603:בֵּן
2595:בַּר
2498:fem.
1849:Guam
1844:Fiji
1799:Peru
1752:Cuba
1438:Oman
1408:Laos
1368:Iraq
1363:Iran
1320:Asia
1249:Igbo
1220:Mali
239:Brit
148:and
146:Jews
108:Type
97:and
83:Time
48:and
26:and
6368:WLI
6353:W4W
6348:WoW
6273:JWI
6253:JWA
6213:CWJ
5887:Bar
3831:45b
3666:doi
3616:or
3514:bat
3510:Bar
3213:DJs
3123:in
3080:).
3006:in
2871:6:2
2817:by
2776:Law
2754:Law
2677:).
2639:bar
2613:bat
2608:ben
2590:Bar
2570:bar
2520:or
2518:bar
2063:Art
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