25:
980:, in which three Roman legions moving west to winter quarters were ambushed and annihilated by allied Germanic forces in the deep forests of western Germania. That defeat plagued the Roman psyche, and revenge and the neutralisation of the threat of Arminius were the impetus for Germanicus' campaign. In the year before the battle, 15 AD, Germanicus had marched against the
1107:
asserts bitterly that a jealous
Tiberius recalled Germanicus due to feeling threatened by a potential rise in his political appeal due to successes in avenging Teutoburg. According to other opinions, Germanicus was unable to remain permanently, despite his victories, east of the Rhine; in addition, his fleet had suffered heavy losses in a storm.
1161:
1110:
Tiberius considered that it was useless and wasteful to try again to conquer
Germany as far as the Elbe river and therefore he recalled Germanicus; the emperor also believed that internal discords between the Germanic peoples would safeguard the integrity of the imperial borders on the Rhine better
1046:
may also have been among the allies. In addition, archers and horse archers have been mentioned. The size of the allied contingents is unknown, but may have been significant. For the total number of troops of the campaign army in the year 16, Hans DelbrĂĽck assumes "no less than 50,000". Klaus-Peter
1097:
It is not clear if and how the Chatti joined the
Arminius alliance in the summer of 16 AD. Due to their rivalry with the Cherusci, they may have taken part in the fighting by operating independently. If one calculates the number of warriors in the coalition using the data provided by GĂĽnter Stangl
1106:
The two battles of
Idistaviso ended positively for the Roman army; the legions of Varus destroyed in Teutoburg were avenged and Germanicus also managed to recover two of the three eagles lost by the Romans in the defeat, but in reality Germanicus' campaign did not obtain decisive results. Tacitus
993:
of the annihilated nineteenth legion was also recovered. The
Germanic tribes generally avoided open large-scale combat, but by repeated Roman incursions deep into Germanic territory, Germanicus was able to force Arminius, at the head of a large but fractious coalition, into response. The Romans,
406:
988:
under
Arminius. During that campaign, the Romans advanced along the region of the Teutoburg Forest, where the legions had been massacred and buried the bones of the Roman soldiers that still lay there. The
286:
1574:
1539:
276:
1014:, which took place a few days or weeks earlier, Germanicus had eight legions with auxiliary troops: among these, according to Tacitus, are the Germanic allies such as the
1534:
1054:
under
Arminius. Overall, the coalition appears to have been stronger than the previous year. In essence, the Cheruschi allies would have been the tribes involved in the
950:, the battle was a victory for the Romans. Germanicus, now in winter quarters across the Rhine, wanted to renew the conquest in the Spring, but was recalled to Rome by
361:
130:
1529:
269:
89:
1544:
939:
61:
1093:
Germanicus Caesar, celebrated his triumph over the
Cherusci, Chatti, and Angrivarii, and the other tribes which extend as far as the Elbe.
262:
68:
1501:
1483:
1465:
1447:
1429:
1404:
762:
108:
46:
39:
1549:
954:, now Rome's Emperor. In fact this final action led to a withdrawal of the Roman troops from territories of Germania east of the
700:
663:
75:
792:
1089:
belong to the three tribes that
Tacitus particularly emphasizes in his account of the triumphal march of Germanicus in 17 AD:
1055:
977:
596:
378:
866:
57:
437:
1524:
1058:
in 9 AD. Germanicus' military operations were directed against them in particular. It can therefore be assumed that the
1047:
Johne cites 80,000. Wolfgang
Jungandreas explicitly placed 100,000 men too high for the battle of the Angrivarian Wall.
999:
881:
601:
447:
876:
841:
469:
464:
1311:
767:
735:
725:
1296:
1281:
1263:
1248:
1211:
1193:
1156:
935:, and was supposedly sparked by Germanic outrage over the trophy erected on that prior battlefield by the Romans.
35:
740:
715:
591:
505:
373:
824:
564:
908:
891:
777:
745:
658:
653:
628:
341:
159:
1458:
Im Inneren Germaniens. Beziehungen zwischen den germanischen Stämmen vom 1. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum 2. Jh. n. Chr.
1015:
772:
673:
638:
623:
545:
321:
82:
1564:
618:
530:
500:
425:
383:
836:
757:
710:
695:
683:
648:
576:
571:
515:
1011:
967:
932:
817:
812:
643:
586:
557:
540:
535:
525:
495:
388:
1569:
861:
613:
413:
346:
326:
311:
871:
856:
720:
633:
581:
520:
678:
1559:
1554:
1497:
1479:
1461:
1443:
1425:
1400:
886:
846:
831:
787:
730:
705:
668:
481:
452:
316:
254:
1063:
924:
400:
368:
306:
193:
851:
797:
782:
442:
353:
1476:
Reallexikon Der Germanischen Altertumskunde: Gemeinde, Getodakische Kulver Und Kunst: 11
990:
510:
1513:
1165:
135:
916:
804:
299:
188:
1519:
1050:
Even more difficult is to establish the number of troops at the disposal of the
333:
24:
1035:
920:
206:
1494:
Die Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald: Arminius, Varus und das römische Germanien
1082:
1027:
1002:, defeated the allied Germanic forces and inflicted heavy losses on them.
1075:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1039:
985:
973:
951:
943:
928:
488:
211:
947:
912:
163:
1086:
1019:
995:
981:
1031:
1023:
955:
1164:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1155:, translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb.
1098:
for the individual tribes, one gets from 40,000 to about 75,000.
258:
18:
958:
river effectively until the collapse of the Roman Empire.
1397:
The Annals: The Reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, and Nero
1153:
The Annals (From the Passing of the Divine Augustus)
1422:
The Roman Barbarian Wars: The Era of Roman Conquest
1395:Tacitus, Cornelius (2008), Barrett, Anthony (ed.),
976:, had been instrumental in the organising of the
1440:A History of the Roman World from 753 to 146 BC
1091:
123:
1177:
1127:
1273:
1271:
1226:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010, p. 238.
931:. This battle followed immediately after the
270:
8:
1203:
1201:
1575:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
1369:
1367:
420:Roman campaigns in Germania during the 230s
362:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
288:Warfare between Romans and Germanic peoples
1540:Military history of North Rhine-Westphalia
277:
263:
255:
120:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1535:Battles involving early Germanic peoples
1373:
1322:
1111:than a long and costly war of conquest.
1066:belonged to the coalition. In addition,
938:It was the final battle of a three-year
476:Gothic invasion of the Balkans (267–268)
432:Gothic invasion of the Balkans (250–251)
1358:
1346:
1334:
1120:
231:Additional allied Germanic contingents
45:Please improve this article by adding
16:Early Roman battle in Germany (16 AD)
7:
1139:
459:Gothic invasion of the Balkans (254)
1081:Together with the Cherusci and the
1530:Battles involving the Roman Empire
14:
763:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
1159:
58:"Battle of the Angrivarian Wall"
23:
1438:Scullard, Howard Hayes (2012),
1022:and Celtic contingents such as
1420:Dyck, Ludwig Heinrich (2015),
1078:are counted among the allies.
1056:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
978:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
905:Battle of the Angrivarian Wall
124:Battle of the Angrivarian Wall
1:
47:secondary or tertiary sources
1545:Military history of Germany
1399:, Oxford University Press,
998:, who fought for Romans as
233:Total: at least 60,000 men
131:Early campaigns in Germania
1591:
1492:Wolters, Reinhard (2017),
1178:Tacitus & Barrett 2008
1128:Tacitus & Barrett 2008
965:
768:Treason of the Long Knives
1478:, Walter De Gruyter Inc,
1474:Geuenich, Dieter (1998),
407:participating Roman units
296:
240:
217:
200:
182:
141:
128:
1460:, Franz Steiner Verlag,
1235:Dando-Collins 2010, 237.
1550:10s in the Roman Empire
1456:Tausend, Klaus (2009),
1222:Stephen Dando-Collins,
1095:
201:Commanders and leaders
34:relies excessively on
1018:(mainly as cavalry),
984:and then against the
915:in 16 AD between the
758:Groans of the Britons
241:Casualties and losses
1012:battle of Idistaviso
972:The Germanic chief,
968:Battle of Idistaviso
933:Battle of Idistaviso
927:tribes commanded by
825:Gothic War (535–554)
565:Gothic War (376–382)
552:Gothic War (367–369)
489:Roman–Alemannic Wars
1525:1st-century battles
1361:, pp. 227–253.
940:series of campaigns
923:and an alliance of
438:Nicopolis ad Istrum
136:Roman–Germanic Wars
701:Nervasos Mountains
1424:, Pen and Sword,
1414:Secondary sources
1130:, pp. 58–60.
942:by Germanicus in
900:
899:
302:(113 BC – 101 BC)
253:
252:
178:
177:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1582:
1506:
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1371:
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1227:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1151:Tacitus (1876).
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
909:Porta Westfalica
907:was fought near
867:Naples (542–543)
752:Anglo-Saxon Wars
592:Adrianople Siege
401:Marcomannic Wars
394:Angrivarian Wall
379:Teutoburg Forest
291:
289:
279:
272:
265:
256:
229:Praetorian Guard
160:Porta Westfalica
143:
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121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1590:
1589:
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1509:
1504:
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1486:
1473:
1468:
1455:
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1437:
1432:
1419:
1416:
1407:
1394:
1391:
1389:Primary sources
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1381:
1380:
1372:
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1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
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1234:
1230:
1224:Legions of Rome
1221:
1217:
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1199:
1188:
1184:
1180:, pp. 206.
1176:
1172:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1104:
1008:
1006:Opposing forces
994:along with the
970:
964:
946:. According to
901:
896:
608:Visigothic Wars
354:Clades Lolliana
336:(58 BC – 57 BC)
292:
287:
285:
283:
249:Extremely heavy
232:
230:
228:
226:
224:
166:
133:
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104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
44:
40:primary sources
28:
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1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1512:
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1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:, Beck C. H.,
1489:
1484:
1471:
1466:
1453:
1448:
1435:
1430:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:, p. 326.
1363:
1351:
1339:
1337:, p. 122.
1327:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1267:
1252:
1237:
1228:
1215:
1197:
1182:
1170:
1144:
1142:, p. 154.
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1004:
966:Main article:
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892:Mons Lactarius
889:
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877:Rome (549–550)
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864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
842:Rome (537–538)
839:
834:
821:
820:
815:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Mons Badonicus
780:
778:Mercredesburne
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597:Constantinople
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561:
560:
549:
548:
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1565:10s conflicts
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1503:9783406699955
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1485:9783110158328
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1467:9783515094160
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1459:
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1449:9780415522274
1445:
1442:, Routledge,
1441:
1436:
1433:
1431:9781473877887
1427:
1423:
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1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:9780192824219
1402:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1374:Scullard 2012
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:, p. 25.
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1325:, p. 44.
1324:
1323:Geuenich 1998
1319:
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1301:
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1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1186:
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1179:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:public domain
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1133:
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1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
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1005:
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1001:
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987:
983:
979:
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961:
959:
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953:
949:
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773:Wippedesfleot
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690:Vandalic Wars
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546:Campi Cannini
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448:Philippopolis
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322:Aquae Sextiae
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174:Roman victory
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54:Find sources:
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37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1493:
1475:
1457:
1439:
1421:
1396:
1384:Bibliography
1359:Tausend 2009
1354:
1347:Tausend 2009
1342:
1335:Wolters 2017
1330:
1318:
1308:
1303:
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1278:
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1185:
1173:
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1123:
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1105:
1096:
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1080:
1049:
1009:
971:
937:
904:
902:
882:Sena Gallica
837:Naples (536)
823:
822:
805:Vandalic War
803:
802:
793:Woden's Burg
751:
750:
711:Hippo Regius
689:
688:
607:
606:
602:Thessalonica
563:
562:
551:
550:
536:Argentoratum
531:Durocortorum
501:Lake Benacus
487:
486:
475:
474:
465:Thessalonica
458:
457:
431:
430:
419:
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384:Pontes Longi
360:
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300:Cimbrian War
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189:Roman Empire
183:Belligerents
129:Part of the
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86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
1010:Before the
1000:auxiliaries
684:4th Arelate
669:3rd Arelate
649:2nd Arelate
644:1st Arelate
572:Marcianople
470:Thermopylae
374:Lupia River
334:Gallic Wars
1570:Germanicus
1514:Categories
1309:The Annals
1294:The Annals
1279:The Annals
1261:The Annals
1246:The Annals
1209:The Annals
1191:The Annals
1115:References
1036:Ampsivarii
962:Background
921:Germanicus
872:Rome (546)
818:Tricamarum
813:Ad Decimum
736:Garigliano
726:Agrigentum
721:Rome (455)
634:Rome (410)
587:Adrianople
577:Ad Salices
558:Noviodunum
541:Solicinium
526:Vindonissa
496:Mediolanum
389:Idistaviso
225:26 cohorts
207:Germanicus
99:April 2023
69:newspapers
36:references
1307:Tacitus,
1292:Tacitus,
1277:Tacitus,
1259:Tacitus,
1244:Tacitus,
1207:Tacitus,
1189:Tacitus,
1140:Dyck 2015
1102:Aftermath
1083:Angrivari
1028:Vindelici
862:Mucellium
807:(533–534)
741:Cartagena
614:Pollentia
506:Placentia
414:Carnuntum
403:(166–180)
327:Vercellae
312:Burdigala
223:8 legions
1560:Cherusci
1555:Arminius
1076:Tubantes
1072:Tencteri
1068:Usipetes
1060:Bructeri
1052:Cherusci
1044:Frisians
1040:Belgians
986:Cherusci
974:Arminius
952:Tiberius
944:Germania
929:Arminius
925:Germanic
919:general
857:Faventia
832:Panormus
746:Cape Bon
716:Carthage
659:Toulouse
654:Narbonne
639:Massilia
629:Faesulae
624:Florence
582:Dibaltum
521:Lingones
426:Harzhorn
218:Strength
212:Arminius
194:Germanic
154:Location
948:Tacitus
913:Germany
887:Taginae
847:Treviso
731:Corsica
706:Tarraco
674:Orleans
664:Châlons
482:Naissus
453:Abritus
356:(16 BC)
317:Arausio
236:unknown
164:Germany
83:scholar
1500:
1482:
1464:
1446:
1428:
1403:
1087:Chatti
1085:, the
1020:Chauci
1016:Batavi
996:Chauci
982:Chatti
852:Verona
788:Dyrham
619:Verona
369:Arbalo
342:Vosges
307:Noreia
227:8 alae
196:tribes
171:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1312:13.55
1064:Marsi
1032:Gauls
1024:Raeti
991:eagle
956:Rhine
917:Roman
798:Raith
696:Rhine
679:DĂ©ols
516:Pavia
443:Beroe
347:Sabis
246:Heavy
158:Near
149:16 AD
90:JSTOR
76:books
1498:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1297:2.11
1282:2.17
1264:1.60
1249:1.62
1212:2.41
1194:2.19
1157:2.16
1074:and
1062:and
1042:and
1030:and
903:The
511:Fano
146:Date
134:and
62:news
38:to
1520:16
1516::
1366:^
1270:^
1200:^
1070:,
1038:,
1034:.
1026:,
911:,
409:)
162:,
49:.
1168:.
405:(
278:e
271:t
264:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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