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area around a clearing behind trees and palmettos, waiting for the advancing
Spanish having to take cover in the dense forest. They watched as the Spanish came into view through the marshy area. Once they were within range, the British fired multiple volleys from behind the protection of the dense forest. Fortunately for both sides, at this point it was later in the afternoon and it started to rain, causing the smoke from the muskets to hang in the air. Half of the British broke rank from not knowing where the Spanish muskets were firing from. General Oglethorpe left the battlefield to get more reinforcements, leaving his men without their commander. The Spanish did not take advantage of their numerical advantage and kept up their fire until they ran out of ammunition after an hour. Once out of ammo, they retreated back towards Fort St. Simons.
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was, Oglethorpe spread out his drummers, to make them sound as if they were accompanying a larger force. He wrote to the deserter, addressing him as if he were a spy for the
British, saying that the man just needed to continue his stories until Britain could send more men. The prisoner who was carrying the letter took it to the Spanish officers, as Oglethorpe had hoped, and the Spanish promptly executed the Frenchman. The timely arrival of British ships reinforced a misconception among the Spanish that British reinforcements were arriving. The Spanish left St. Simons on 25 July, ending their last invasion of colonial Georgia.
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598:. The men formed a military unit known locally as the Highland Independent Company. Official British records list it as Oglethorpe's Regiment of Foot. It was ranked as 42nd Regiment of Foot (old) in 1747 and disbanded 29 May 1749. Two forts had been constructed about five miles apart on St. Simons Island. Between the two ran a road the width of one wagon, named Military Road. This served to supply the garrison at Fort Frederica and settlers in the nearby village from Fort St. Simons.
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Oglethorpe and his men. The battle took its name from the
British tradition that the marsh ran red with the blood of dead Spanish soldiers. However, the Spanish reports write they only lost seven men during the hour-long engagement. The battle blunted the Spanish advance and ultimately proved decisive. Oglethorpe was credited with the victory, though he arrived at the scene after the fighting had ceased.
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694:. The British routed the Spanish, killing or capturing nearly a third of their soldiers. Oglethorpe's forces advanced along Military Road toward Fort St. Simons in pursuit of the retreating Spanish. When Spanish prisoners revealed that a larger Spanish force was advancing from the opposite direction toward Frederica, Oglethorpe left to gather reinforcements.
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Oglethorpe continued to press the
Spanish, trying to dislodge them from the island. A few days later, approaching a Spanish settlement on the south side, he learned of a French man who had deserted the British and gone to the Spanish. Worried that the deserter might report how small the British force
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In the ensuing months, Oglethorpe considered counterattacks against
Florida, but circumstances were not favourable. The focus of the war had shifted from the Americas to Europe; arms, supplies and troops were not readily available. The region settled into an uneasy peace, occasionally punctuated by
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commanded the invasion force, which by some estimates totaled between 4,500 and 5,000 men. Of that number, roughly 1,900 to 2,000 were ground assault troops. Oglethorpe's forces, consisting of regulars, militia, and native
Indians, numbered fewer than 1,000. The garrison at Fort St. Simons resisted
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The
British advance party, in pursuit of the defeated Spanish force, engaged in a skirmish, then fell back in face of advancing Spanish reinforcements. When the British reached a bend in the road, lieutenants Southerland and Macoy ordered the column to stop. They took cover in a semi-circle-shaped
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The attack killed seven
Spaniards and a few British soldiers. The fighting at Bloody Marsh was filled with confusion on both sides. Neither side had a clear view of the strength or position of the other. Since the Spanish left the field of battle before the British, it was declared a victory for
621:. The Spanish officer cut off one of Jenkins' ears for piracy. Parliament used the nearly forgotten incident to rally public opinion to their side in 1739, but the war was over trade and territorial competition between Britain and Spain. On October 30, 1739, Great Britain declared war on Spain.
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In 1737, Oglethorpe returned to
England to acquire more funding and permission to raise a regiment of soldiers; he gained Parliamentary approval for both. He was appointed commander-in-chief of all British forces (limited as they were) in the colonies of South Carolina and Georgia. Oglethorpe
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After landing troops and supplies, and consolidating their position at Fort St. Simons, the
Spanish began to reconnoiter beyond their perimeter. They found the road between Fort St. Simons and Fort Frederica but assumed the narrow track was just a farm road. On 7 July the Spanish undertook a
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1943. Minutes of the Proceedings Held on St. Simons Island, Georgia, in Commemoration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Battle of Bloody Marsh, on July 7, 1942. The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 27, no. 2:
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The battles took place after a Spanish invasion of the island. They were part of the larger conflict known as the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739 to 1748). It derived its name from an incident in 1731. A Spanish
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and Fort St. Simons, with the strategic goal the sea routes and inland waters they controlled. With the victory, the Province of Georgia established undisputed claim to the island. The British also won the
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549:, where the Spanish had several settlements and forts. Given a heightened threat of Spanish invasion, Oglethorpe sought to increase his southern defenses. Accompanied by rangers and two
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along the road with approximately 115 men under the command of Captain Sebastian Sanchez. Near Fort Frederica, Sanchez' column made contact with Oglethorpe's soldiers, under command of
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minor skirmishes. Oglethorpe was later appointed brigadier general. About 1744 he left Georgia for Britain, where he married an heiress; he lived in Britain the rest of his life. The
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655:, close to the Frederica River. Faced with a superior force, Oglethorpe decided to withdraw from Fort St. Simons before the Spanish could mount an assault. He ordered the small
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The American Colonial Wars: a concise history, 1607-1775 Nathaniel Claiborne Hale, General Society of Colonial Wars (U.S.) Hale House, 1967 page 54
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The trustees also recruited a large group of colonists to settle St. Simons Island. The ships bearing the settlers and supplies arrived at
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A history of Georgia: from its first discovery by Europeans to the adoption of the present constitution by William Bacon Stevens page 189
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as the principal port for the new colony. In the 1730s, Spain and Great Britain were disputing control of the border between Georgia and
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ended the war in 1748 and recognised the status of Georgia as a British colony, formally ratified by Spain in the subsequent
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Murphy, Jordan, and Ronald C Meyer. 2008. Fort Frederica National Monument (Georgia). New York, NY: Ambrose Video Pub.
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736:. Its position was further secured in 1763 when Spain ceded Florida to Britain in an exchange of territory under the
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Sweet, Julie A. "Battle of Bloody Marsh." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 13 Feb. 2003. Baylor University. 26 Sept. 2007
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guides, Oglethorpe picked St. Simons Island as the site for a new town and fort. In 1734, Oglethorpe convinced the
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Banderas lejanas: la exploración, conquista y defensa por España del territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos
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1078:, Atlanta Little, Brown and Company in Association with the Atlantic Monthly Company, 1932.
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Georgia Records from Duke University, 1988-0015m, Georgia Archives. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
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Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present
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Hicky, Daniel Whitehead. 1937. Fort Frederica. The North American Review. 243, no. 2: 249.
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British Drums on the Southern Frontier: The Military Colonization of Georgia, 1733-1749
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Cotter, John L. 1963. The Fort at Frederica. American Antiquity. 28, no. 3: 404.
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early in 1736. From there, some went to the mainland while others traveled via
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Our Today's and Yesterdays: a Story of Brunswick and the Coastal Islands
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Colonial America by Bonnie L. Lukes (Cengage Gale, Jan 4, 1999) page 105
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On the 5 July 1742, Montiano landed nearly 1,900 men from 36 ships near
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President Calvin Coolidge at Battle of Bloody Marsh Monument, 1927-1928
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from Vanishing Georgia, Georgia Archives, University System of Georgia
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Plantation in Savannah annually commemorates the War of Jenkins' Ear.
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and the colonial trustees to pay for a military garrison at the fort.
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594:(briefly named "New Inverness") on the mainland, at the mouth of the
667:(doing what damage they could), to deny the Spanish full use of the
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Colonial America, 1607-1763 by Harry M. Ward (Prentice Hall, 1991)
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1156:"The Battle of Bloody Marsh." Our Georgia History. 27 Sept. 2007
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led the colonization of Georgia for Great Britain and had chosen
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the invasion with cannonade but could not prevent the landing.
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A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army
1071:, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1974.
517:, resulting in a victory for the British. Part of the
613:, off the Florida coast, and found that its captain
1100:Martínez Láinez, Fernando; Canales, Carlos (2009),
1000:"Wormsloe Historic Site | Georgia State Parks"
521:, the battle was for the British fortifications of
46:A map of the Bloody Marsh area as it was in 1742
1039:, 1972. Spartanburg: The Reprint Company, 1979.
530:, which took place on the island the same day.
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1177:An Account of the Battle of Bloody Marsh, 1742
590:, to migrate with their families to settle at
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1047:, Athens, USA: University of Georgia Press,
578:to control approaches from both directions.
214:650 regulars, militia & Native Americans
1144:"An Account of the Battle of Bloody Marsh."
814:Bloody Marsh, with historical marker, 2015
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1032:. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1970.
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849:List of conflicts in the United States
16:Battle during the War of Jenkins' Ear
7:
1224:18th century in Georgia (U.S. state)
895:. Cityofdarienga.com. Archived from
582:subsequently recruited a company of
1172:United States National Park Service
786:Bloody Marsh plaque, July 7, 1742 (
1214:Battles of the War of Jenkins' Ear
1064:, Atlanta: Cherokee Company, 1980.
1002:. Gastateparks.org. Archived from
501:took place on 7 July 1742 between
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838:Fort Frederica National Monument
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636:- St. Augustine. Stronghold of
625:Invasion, battle, and aftermath
488:War of the Austrian Succession
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1219:1742 in the Thirteen Colonies
1193:The Spanish on Jekyll Island
1062:St. Simons: Enchanted Island
893:"History of Darien, Georgia"
856:(Oglethorpe's 42nd Regiment)
1179:from the collection of the
1076:The Golden Isles of Georgia
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844:Invasion of Georgia (1742)
681:Battle of Gully Hole Creek
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675:Battle of Gully Hole Creek
606:had gone aboard a British
528:Battle of Gully Hole Creek
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854:List of Regiments of Foot
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1120:Swinson, Arthur (1972).
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1082:Marley, David (1998),
826:Fort St. Simons marker
802:Modern map of the area
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698:Battle of Bloody Marsh
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634:Castillo de San Marcos
499:Battle of Bloody Marsh
178:Commanders and leaders
22:Battle of Bloody Marsh
1142:Sutherland, Patrick.
1128:: The Archive Press.
916:Swinson (1972), p.137
774:Bloody Marsh monument
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643:Spanish governor Don
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222:Casualties and losses
100:31.15667°N 81.37972°W
1151:Georgia Encyclopedia
1074:Lovell, Caroline C.
1045:A History of Georgia
762:Bloody Marsh in 2008
416:2nd Santiago de Cuba
374:1st Santiago de Cuba
1234:St. Simons, Georgia
1158:Our Georgia History
519:War of Jenkins' Ear
515:Province of Georgia
369:Cartagena de Indias
331:War of Jenkins' Ear
269:Invasion of Georgia
158:Province of Georgia
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29:Invasion of Georgia
1030:The Georgia Colony
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645:Manuel de Montiano
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638:Manuel de Montiano
453:Mataró and Palamós
1209:Conflicts in 1742
1195:historical marker
1113:978-84-414-2119-6
1093:978-0-87436-837-6
1054:978-0-8203-1269-9
1035:Cate, Maraget D.
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27:Part of the
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103: /
1203:Categories
1022:References
1010:2012-12-18
903:2012-10-16
555:Parliament
547:La Florida
534:Background
509:forces on
458:Cape Sicié
349:Portobello
230:200 killed
91:81°22′47″W
788:Old Style
723:Aftermath
619:smuggling
588:Inverness
567:periaguas
421:Brunswick
401:La Guaira
354:Fort Mosé
88:31°9′24″N
63:new style
962:182-207.
832:See also
748:Wormsloe
657:garrison
572:pirogues
543:Savannah
471:campaign
469:Glorioso
343:Americas
209:Strength
70:Location
611:Rebecca
507:British
503:Spanish
384:Georgia
79:Georgia
1132:
1126:London
1110:
1090:
1051:
592:Darien
432:Europe
426:Havana
411:Matina
379:Panama
141:
116:Result
861:Notes
586:from
584:Scots
172:Spain
1130:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1049:ISBN
663:and
617:was
608:brig
505:and
497:The
58:Date
659:to
1205::
1124:.
744:.
77:,
31:,
1183:.
1160:.
1153:.
1138:.
1013:.
906:.
790:)
321:e
314:t
307:v
259:e
252:t
245:v
65:)
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