1115:
1094:, near where "The Mermaid" public house stood, by the road to Warwick). Here the further approach to Birmingham was barred by some of the slight earthworks which had been thrown up. The men of Birmingham possessed a very inadequate force to defend these works. In the town a small company of foot soldiers under Captain Richard Greaves was stationed. The Lichfield garrison had sent in a troop of horse, but their united strength barely exceeded 200 men. Rupert did not believe that his large body would be opposed by so inferior a force. He therefore sent his Quarter-Master forward to take up his lodgings, and to
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civilians—the ministers of
Birmingham, and the leading men of the town; but the "middle and inferior sort" of people, especially those that bore arms, insisted on resisting, so at last they all resolved to fight. Finding such was their case, Rupert gave the order to attack their defences at once. The defences were only a bank of earth, behind which the handful of musketeers was placed. As the Royalists advanced they received so heavy a fire that on reaching the works they could not stand up against it and had to retire. A second attempt met with a similar repulse.
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works, and from there charge the defenders. This was tried and proved successful. The defenders of the works could not stand being attacked front and rear, so abandoned the works and fled into the town. Rupert's troopers followed them. From the houses a desultory fire was kept up on the
Royalist troopers as they advanced up the street. On this the troopers set fire to the houses from which they had been fired on, and the town was soon ablaze in several places. Pushing on the resistance became less; those who had fought fled and scattered.
1325:, whose mill was burnt by the Royalists for his refusal to sell swords to the King. He is said to have known not only how to make, but also how to use, a sword when made, and that he used his own sword with some effect on that 3 April, being one of those troopers of Captain Greaves who took part in that charge against the Royalists towards the close of the fight near Smethwick, in which the Earl of Denbigh was killed. The other account is signed " R. G.", possibly Richard Greaves himself.
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coming from. After the battle the
Royalists spent the remainder of the day pillaging the town. The next morning before the main body of the Royalist force left town, many more houses were put to the torch. While pillaging and firing on an unfortified town in retaliation for resistance was common at that time in Continental Europe it was unusual in England and the Royalists’ conduct in Camp Hill provided the Parliamentarians a propaganda weapon which they used to disparage the Royalists.
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or improper in it. If the owners of a house allowed firing from that house on the soldiers of the other side, the soldiers fired on were justified in destroying that house. Burning has always been one of the recognised means of destruction. Bund says that if
Birmingham had been a Continental town nothing would ever have been heard of it; but because the Continental laws of war were applied to an English town the outcry was terrible.
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memorials of his own scurrilous behaviour, in such loose expressions as modest ears cannot endure. The man was the principal governor and incendiary of the rude people of that place against their
Sovereign. So full a qualification was a heightened measure of malice and disloyalty for the service that it weighed down the infamy of any other vicious behaviour.
229:
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1004:, who had invented a means of smelting iron by the use of coal, and who claimed he could turn out "all sorts of bar iron fit for making of muskets, carbines, and iron for great bolts", both more cheaply, more speedily and more excellent than could be done in any other way. His method was now employed on the King's behalf.
1344:". The pamphlet claims that one or two houses were set on fire during the assault and once completed Rupert ordered the fires extinguished and that any other fires were started by troopers unknown, (against his explicit orders not to do so) after the main body of Cavaliers with Rupert in command left the town.
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Bund also states that nothing that had taken place in the war produced more controversy than the way in which Rupert treated
Birmingham, and that it was certainly harsh, but by the laws of war as understood on the Continent, in the school in which Rupert had been brought up, there was nothing illegal
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John Willis-Bund states that the battle of Camp Hill was remarkable from the fact that an armed mob—they were nothing more—twice repulsed assaults of the best troops in the
Royalist army, who attacked them in overwhelming numbers. That less than 300 men should keep some 1,800 at bay, even for a short
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assure the townsmen if they behaved themselves peaceably they should not suffer for what was past. But they had not consciences good enough to believe him, and absolutely refused to let him quarter in the town, and from their little works, with mettle equal to their malice, discharged their shot upon
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To which place on Monday Apr. 3, 1643, he marcht with 2000 horse and foot, 4 Drakes, and 2 Sakers; where after two houres fight (being twice beaten off by the
Townsmen, in all but 140 Musqueteers) he entered, put divers to the Sword, and burnt about 80 Houses to ashes, suffering no man to carry away
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was never made a garrison by direction of
Parliament, being built in such a form as was hardly capable of being fortified, yet they had so great a desire to distinguish themselves from the King's good subjects, that they cast up little slight works at both ends of the town, and barricadoed the rest,
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Historian John Willis-Bund, said that one characteristic of
Charles were the small acts of vengeance in which he indulged and so among the orders given to Prince Rupert for the Lichfield expedition was that he should teach Birmingham a lesson for their disloyalty, especially for the insults they had
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John Bund stated that the titles of these tracts show clearly what the grievances of the Parliament were against Rupert. His defeat of the men of Birmingham was resented, but still more so was his application of the rules of war to unfortified towns. For long after the Parliamentarians never ceased
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Irritated by the resistance, and especially by Greaves' charge, Rupert's men were not inclined to be merciful. They rode round the town, leaping hedges and ditches to catch the townsmen; those they caught they slew. If the lists given are to be trusted, tradesmen, labourers, women were all cut down
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Things were getting serious; it would never do for Rupert to be defeated by the inhabitants of Birmingham. Yet there was little chance of carrying the works by a direct attack. Some of Rupert's men saw that it might be possible, by going across the fields, to ride round and get into the rear of the
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The Parliamentarians put up a surprisingly stout resistance and, according to the Royalists, shot at them from houses as the small Parliamentary force was driven out of town and back towards Lichfield. To suppress the musket fire, the Royalists torched the houses where they thought the shooting was
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Trevor Royal writing in 2004 draws the same conclusions as Bund, and says "By laying waste to the town and setting fire to many of its houses, Rupert's force provided parliament with a propaganda coup ... Charles rebuked Rupert for his men's behaviour — the prince had in fact done his best to curb
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time, was an act that deserved to be recorded; that they, an untrained mob, should have checked the dreaded Royalist cavalry, was a still greater achievement. The Parliamentarians were delighted, and they had reason to be. Captain Greaves, probably a local man, a member of the family that lived at
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Urban development has claimed the site of the battlefield and no physical trace of the battle remains to this day. The site of the Birmingham earthworks is now a roadway. Prince Rupert's headquarters on the afternoon of the battle, the "Old Ship" public-house according to local tradition, survived
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A minister was slain in the street. Parliamentary supporters said he was mistaken for the minister of Birmingham, a vocal supporter of the Parliamentary cause, and was therefore murdered. The Royalists said that he told the troopers that "the King was a perjured, Papistical King, and that he would
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It was about three in the afternoon that Rupert, to his surprise, found that "the sturdy sons of freedom", as the local historians Hutton and Guest called them, were determined to fight. This determination was opposed to the opinion of the Parliamentarians—not only of the military, but also of the
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The historian John Willis-Bund states that nothing could show better the feelings of both parties, and it may or may not have been in accordance with the laws of war to have cut down a preacher making disloyal speeches, but to kill in cold blood a man who had in his pocket a journal with doubtful
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cannon. The numerous small forges which then existed on every brook in the north of the County turned out successive supplies of sword blades and pike heads. It is said that among the many causes of anger Charles had against Birmingham was that one of the best sword makers of the day, a man named
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The organs of the Parliament extolled the Birmingham bravery and the Royalist cruelty—their wanton cruelty—in burning houses. The Royalist organs rejoiced at the just judgment which had befallen the disloyal town, and the punishment it had pleased the Lord to inflict on the inhabitants for their
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and other prisons, some said for sixteen and others twenty-two years, and had only recently been released. On him were found a number of "idle and foolish papers", which the Parliament said proved him mad, the Royalists said proved him immoral. Like some other foolish people he kept a diary, and
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Together with the Number of Prince Rupert's Forces, his considerable Persons slaine, or mortally wounded; their many abominable Carriages in and after the taking of the Town. The small Strength which Birmingham had to maintaine their defence, the Names of their men slaine; the number of houses
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He was killed at the entering of the town, after he had not only refused quarter, but provoked the soldier by the most odious revilings and reproaches of the person and honour of the King that can be imagined, and renouncing all allegiance to him; in whose pockets were found several papers of
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Greaves, having carried out his object, which was by his charge to give time for his foot to get away, and to prevent them being pursued, did not press his success further. He had himself in his charge received no less than five wounds. Reforming his men he faced about, and drew off towards
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of the dismal inequality of the contention in which always some earl or person of great honour or fortune fell when, after a most signal victory over the other side, there was seldom lost a man of any known family, or of other reputation than of passion for the cause in which he
52:
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However the fight was not over. Captain Richard Greaves rallied his troop of horse, and drawing them up at the further (the Lichfield) end of the town, wheeled them round, and charged the scattered Royalists. Little expecting any resistance, the Royalists gave way.
1114:
1878:
1019:, a parliamentary stronghold. During the first year of the war the inhabitants of Birmingham apprehended all messengers and suspected persons; frequently attacked and reduced small parties of the Royalists, whom they sent prisoners to the fortified city of
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It defends Rupert from the load of abuse showered on him for the excesses his men showed during and after the battle. It lays out the charges mentioned by Clarendon, and justifies the killing of the Priest as either bad, or mad and possibly
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This pamphlet sets out the grievances of the Parliament against Rupert's action. The pamphlet contains two reports, one signed "R. P.", who, it is usually said, was Robert Porter, the sword-cutler mentioned in the
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in North-West Worcestershire and Birmingham was one of the few places in England that could produce the various military stores of which King Charles I was in dire need. As he had failed to secure the arsenals of
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entered in it a number of matters that might well have been left out. "28th March. A comfortable kiss from Mrs. E., with some moistness. A cynamon kiss from a noted woman. A kiss from a girl of 14 years old".
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Rupert's mission was, therefore, threefold. Punish Birmingham, garrison Lichfield, and clear the country as far as possible. To do this he was given a force of 1200 horse and dragoons and 600 or 700 foot.
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took not that vengeance upon them they deserved, but made them expiate their transgressions by paying a less mulct than might have been expected from their wealth if their wickedness had been less.
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1135:, who was leading them, was severely wounded, knocked off his horse, and left for dead; he died five days later from his wounds, and his men fled back helter-skelter till they came near their own
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Three accounts of the fight were published. The first of the three was published on 3 April 1643. It is a Parliamentary account, gives their idea of the affair. Its title and introduction is:
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And of the Cavaliers were slaine divers chiefe Commanders, and men of great quality, amongst whom was the Earle of Denbigh, the Lord John Stewart: and as themselves report, the Lord Digby.
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So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.
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Clarendon adds that if it had not been for the death of the Earl of Denbigh he should not "have mentioned an action of so little moment as this of Birmingham". He deplores it, because
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Published at the request of the Committee at Coventry, that the Kingdom may timely take notice what is generally to be expected if the Cavaliers insolencies be not speedily crushed.
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on 17 October 1642, Charles passed through Birmingham. The townsfolk seized some of his carriages, containing the royal plate and furniture, which they conveyed for security to
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1854:–60 cites "A Letter written from Walshall by a worthy Gentleman to his Friend in Oxford, concerning Burmingham. Printed in the year 1643. A MS. note adds April 14th".
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the road entered Worcestershire, then proceeding northwards along one of the great main roads leading into Birmingham, now called the Stratford Road (it is joined at
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1288:) was a strong Parliamentarian, and the death of the Earl meant the transfer of the family influence, which was considerable, from the King to the Parliament
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his goods, or quench the fire, and making no difference between friend or foe; yet by God's providence the greatest losse fell on the malignants of the Town.
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The report confuses Lord Digby and the Earl of Denbigh. It was Denbigh that the Cavaliers acknowledged as killed. Lord John Stuart(1621–1644), was a son of
1511:
This was a term used by Independents to describe Charles I who they blamed for the bloodshed of the Civil War. It was taken from the Book of Numbers 35:33 (
1544:
For the Battle of Camp Hill, Willis-Bund cites Clarendon II pp. 180–181, However different publications use different pagination. II refers to Volume II.
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An Historical and Descriptive Sketch of Birmingham: With Some Account of Its Environs, and Forty-four View of the Principal Public Buildings, &c
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has the account on pages 233–234 in Book VII. The Clarendon publication in the references section of this article has an account on the pages
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1071:. Here he spent Easter Sunday, and on Easter Monday, 3 April, set out for Birmingham to execute the first part of his task. Clarendon says:
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Rupert did not stay long in Birmingham. On Easter Tuesday, 4 April he marched from Birmingham to Walsall; on the Wednesday he reached
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1355:; or, a more Exact and true Naration of Birmingham's Calamities, under the barbarous and inhumane Cruelties of P. Rupert's forces.
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his men ... but the damage was done: Birmingham had paid the price for supporting parliament and being seen to profit from it".
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980:, he did not possess any supply of swords, pikes, guns, shot; all these Worcestershire could and did provide. Shot came from
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The death of the Earl of Denbigh had a greater significance than many other earls because the Earl's son and successor (
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garrison with the support of some of the local townsmen, approximately 300 men, attempted to stop a detachment of 1,400
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Lichfield. He had saved his soldiers, but he left the unfortunate townsmen to the tender mercies of Rupert's troopers.
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rather die than live under such a King", and on hearing this the enraged troopers obliged him by cutting him down.
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The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England: Together with an Historical View of the Affairs of Ireland
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A righteous man regardeth the life of hit Beast, but the lender mereies of l/w wicked are cruell.—Prov. xii. 10.
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Some of the troopers riding up to an inn, the ostler came out to take their horses, he was cut down and killed.
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Parliamentary supporters alleged he had long been a lunatic, held "Jewish opinions", and had been held in
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put on the King in October, 1642, before the Battle of Edgehill, when they plundered the Royal Coach.
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The third, dated 1 May 1643, is a strong Parliamentary production, possibly the most savage of all:-
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burned, and persons thereby destitute of habitation ; with divers other considerable passages.
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A Letter written from Walshall by a worthy Gentleman to his Friend in Oxford, concerning Burmingham
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A town of as great fame for hearty, wilful affected disloyalty to the King as any place in England.
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So Rupert found it when, on 3 April, he marched there from Henley-in-Arden. After passing
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and voluntarily engaged themselves not to admit any intercourse with the King's forces.
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A True Relation of Prince Ruperts Barbarous Cruelty against the Towne of Brumingham
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True Relation of Prince Rvpert's Barbarous Cruelty against the Towne of Brumingham
1240:, show that there were strong feeling on the affair. Clarendon says that Rupert
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Prince Rupert shown attacking "Brimidgham", from the Parliamentarian pamphlet
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The Civil War In Worcestershire, 1642-1646: And the Scotch Invasion Of 1651
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Prince Rupert's Burning love of England, discovered in Birmingham's Flames
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into the nineteenth century and has been preserved only by photographs.
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At the start of the Civil War the area that would become known as the
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1838:, p. 86 citing: "A Letter from Walshall concerning Birmingham".
1565:, as he died a year later this report of his death was premature. (
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1315:
London: Printed for John Wright in the Old-baily, April 12, 1643.
1236:, written during and after the Civil War and published after the
1118:
A weather vane reportedly shot by Prince Rupert during the battle
262:
2133:, vol. 3, foreword by William Warburton, University Press
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to speak in the strongest terms of the Birmingham Butcheries.
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Wherein is related how that famous and well affected Town of
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Camp Hill now located close to Birmingham City centre in the
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1891:
951:
from passing through the unfortified parliamentary town of
927:, took place on Easter Monday, 3 April 1643, in and around
1055:
On Wednesday, 29 March 1643, Rupert left Oxford, reaching
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During the first campaign of the war, while marching from
2185:
The history, topography and directory of Warwickshire:...
1610:, pp. 43, 46 from contemporary parliamentary sources
1335:. (Printed in the year 1643. A MS. note adds April 14th.)
1328:
The second, date 14 April 1643, is a Royalist pamphlet:
1198:
The Ship Inn in the mid-1860s. It was demolished in 1867.
1000:
However, the Royalists had among their adherents Colonel
1139:, and they formed up in the rear of the Royalist lines.
2158:
The History of Birmingham: With Considerable Additions
1155:
Two cases were commented on shortly after the battle:
2129:
Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1849),
1634:, p. 58, from contemporary parliamentary sources
1622:, p. 56, from contemporary parliamentary sources
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1402:
1377:
1254:
Clarendon then justifies the death of the clergyman:
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Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638-1660
1465:And most cruelly fired in cold blood the next day.
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2245:, Birmingham: The Midland Educational Company
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1706:, p. 84 citing: Clarendon, II, p. 180
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1023:(the origin of the proverbial expression,
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2285:17th century in Birmingham, West Midlands
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2201:Zuckerman, Joan; Eley, Geoffrey (1979),
2140:Henry Ireton and the English Revolution'
2031:The text of the letters is available in
1969:, p. 87 citing: Clarendon II., 181.
1952:, p. 86 citing: Clarendon II., 181.
1011:to engage parliamentarian forces at the
1584:
1504:
1063:, on Friday, 31 March (Good Friday) at
2156:Hutton, William; Guest, James (1836),
1866:, pp. 90–91 citing Webb, 1., 305.
1789:, p. 85 citing:Clarendon, II, 181
165:
25:Battle of Camp Hill (Harry Turtledove)
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1921:
16:Battle in the first English Civil War
7:
2280:History of Birmingham, West Midlands
2096:
2064:
2040:
2015:
1552:noting that it is in Book VII 31–33.
1512:
1059:that evening. On Thursday he was at
1801:, p. 85 citing: Hutton, p. 48.
14:
2270:Battles of the English Civil Wars
1435:Notoriously robbed and plundered,
228:
2225:
1563:Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
935:. In the skirmish, a company of
227:
220:
50:
1037:adds that Birmingham was then:
1:
1567:Lords John and Bernard Stuart
199:
23:battle of the same name, see
1322:
997:", or any of his adherents.
2196:, Beilby, Knott, and Beilby
1876:The Old Ship Inn, Camp Hill
1232:Clarendon's account in his
2311:
1745:"Mermaid Inn Warwick Road"
1342:One of the new Enthusiasts
18:
2237:Willis-Bund, John William
2160:(6th ed.), G. Berger
1934:Zuckerman & Eley 1979
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1234:History of the Civil War
1151:Killing of two civilians
2203:The Birmingham heritage
2165:Royal, Trevor (2006) ,
2081:Hutton & Guest 1836
2057:Hutton & Guest 1836
2033:Hutton & Guest 1836
2000:Hutton & Guest 1836
1848:Hutton & Guest 1836
1671:Hutton & Guest 1836
1632:Hutton & Guest 1836
1620:Hutton & Guest 1836
1608:Hutton & Guest 1836
1592:Hutton & Guest 1836
933:First English Civil War
929:Camp Hill, Warwickshire
292:First English Civil War
172:Captain Richard Greaves
44:First English Civil War
21:Southern Victory Series
2192:Yates, George (1830),
2183:West, William (1830),
1881:5 October 2011 at the
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211:More than 340 homeless
151:Commanders and leaders
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1415:
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1117:
947:under the command of
683:Gunnislake New Bridge
194:Casualties and losses
2138:Farr, David (2006),
1441:
1400:
1375:
1228:Contemporary reports
1026:send him to Coventry
925:Battle of Birmingham
923:, also known as the
243:class=notpageimage|
1430:Insolently invaded
1369:Unworthily opposed,
921:Battle of Camp Hill
102: /
37:Battle of Camp Hill
1572:7 May 2009 at the
1451:
1410:
1385:
1292:rebellious views.
1200:
1147:indiscriminately.
1120:
1013:Battle of Edgehill
757:Scarborough Castle
559:2nd Wardour Castle
459:1st Wardour Castle
19:For the fictional
2295:Massacres in 1643
2275:Conflicts in 1643
2212:978-0-85664-875-5
2176:978-0-349-11564-1
2149:978-1-84383-235-5
2142:, Boydell Press,
1912:, pp. 87–88.
1885:, 14 January 2009
1751:on 16 August 2011
1576:National Gallery)
1469:
1468:
1425:Rupert's Forces.
1190:Battlefield today
1065:Stratford-on-Avon
1061:Shipston-on-Stour
995:that man of blood
914:
913:
837:Sherburn in Elmet
708:Montgomery Castle
618:Stourbridge Heath
257:
256:
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1772:
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1747:. Archived from
1741:
1735:
1734:, pp. 84–85
1732:Willis-Bund 1905
1729:
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1713:
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1704:Willis-Bund 1905
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1692:Willis-Bund 1905
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1546:This publication
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937:Parliamentarians
886:Stow-on-the-Wold
842:3rd Basing House
797:2nd Lathom House
747:High Ercall Hall
658:2nd Basing House
603:1st Lathom House
549:1st Basing House
295:
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145:Parliamentarians
125:Royalist victory
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2014:
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1986:
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1069:Henley-in-Arden
1057:Chipping Norton
1048:
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917:
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673:Cropredy Bridge
529:Aldbourne Chase
479:Chalgrove Field
296:
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2251:External links
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2189:
2187:, R. Wrightson
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1914:
1902:
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1868:
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1716:Clarendon 1849
1708:
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1649:, pp. 4–5
1636:
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1486:: Printed for
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2114:
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2017:
2012:
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2005:
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1989:
1984:
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1829:
1826:, p. 86.
1825:
1820:
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1800:
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991:Robert Porter
987:
983:
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969:Black Country
962:
960:
956:
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950:
949:Prince Rupert
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:, during the
930:
926:
922:
907:
906:2nd Worcester
904:
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899:
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884:
882:
879:
877:
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852:Denbigh Green
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
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823:
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815:
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545:
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537:
535:
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530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Roundway Down
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:Burton Bridge
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:Adwalton Moor
482:
480:
477:
475:
474:1st Worcester
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
429:Seacroft Moor
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Braddock Down
407:
406:
405:
404:
403:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Turnham Green
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Powick Bridge
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
299:
294:
284:
279:
277:
272:
270:
265:
264:
261:
249:
248:West Midlands
244:
223:
214:
204:
198:
197:
192:
186:
181:
180:
175:
171:
168:
162:
158:
157:Prince Rupert
155:
154:
149:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
132:
124:
121:
120:
115:
86:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2241:
2220:Attribution:
2219:
2218:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2166:
2157:
2139:
2130:
2108:
2076:
2052:
2027:
2011:
1995:
1945:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1871:
1859:
1843:
1831:
1794:
1782:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1739:
1727:
1711:
1699:
1694:, p. 84
1666:
1654:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1587:
1557:
1540:
1521:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1422:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1272:
1268:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1201:
1181:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1133:Lord Denbigh
1129:
1125:
1121:
1097:
1085:
1074:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1006:
999:
966:
957:
924:
920:
918:
896:2nd Aberdeen
868:
866:
832:Rowton Heath
734:
732:
703:1st Aberdeen
678:Marston Moor
663:Tipton Green
585:
583:
544:Olney Bridge
514:Gainsborough
489:2nd Bradford
454:Sourton Down
444:Ripple Field
433:
424:Hopton Heath
401:
399:
390:1st Bradford
385:Muster Green
370:Piercebridge
340:Kings Norton
330:Babylon Hill
303:
209:40 prisoners
161:Lord Denbigh
134:Belligerents
71:3 April 1643
57:
42:Part of the
29:
2067:, pp.
2043:, pp.
2035:, pp.
1936:, pp.
1850:, pp.
1238:Restoration
982:Stourbridge
876:Bovey Heath
827:2nd Chester
822:Philiphaugh
817:2nd Bristol
772:3rd Taunton
762:2nd Taunton
728:2nd Newbury
718:1st Taunton
713:1st Chester
693:Lostwithiel
613:Boldon Hill
554:Heptonstall
534:1st Newbury
509:1st Bristol
184:1,200 horse
109: /
2259:Categories
2169:, Abacus,
2123:References
2099:, p.
2091:, p.
2089:Yates 1830
2083:, p.
2059:, p.
2045:p. 154–158
2018:, p.
2002:, p.
1922:Royal 2006
1718:, p.
1673:, p.
1594:, p.
1515:, p.
1361:Birmingham
1279:Clarendon.
1264:Clarendon.
1249:Clarendon.
1207:Commentary
1104:Clarendon.
1081:Clarendon.
1046:Clarendon.
1009:Shrewsbury
1002:Dud Dudley
974:Portsmouth
953:Birmingham
901:Lagganmore
891:3rd Oxford
881:Torrington
847:Annan Moor
777:2nd Oxford
742:Inverlochy
698:Tippermuir
648:1st Oxford
633:Lyme Regis
519:Gloucester
395:Chichester
380:1st Exeter
320:Portsmouth
94:52°28′16″N
85:Birmingham
2097:West 1830
2065:West 1830
2041:West 1830
2016:West 1830
1513:Farr 2006
1423:By Prince
1178:Aftermath
1092:Sparkhill
1035:Clarendon
984:and from
945:Royalists
941:Lichfield
939:from the
782:Leicester
598:Newcastle
499:Lansdowne
469:Wakefield
439:Lichfield
434:Camp Hill
375:Tadcaster
355:Brentford
350:Aylesbury
235:Camp Hill
207:1-2 women
140:Royalists
97:1°52′44″W
81:Camp Hill
2239:(1905),
1879:Archived
1570:Archived
1525:—
1490:, 1643.
1277:—
1262:—
1247:—
1102:—
1079:—
1044:—
1021:Coventry
807:Hereford
802:Langport
767:Auldearn
752:Weymouth
723:Carlisle
688:Ormskirk
668:Oswestry
623:Cheriton
593:Nantwich
524:2nd Hull
464:Stratton
345:Edgehill
325:Plymouth
310:1st Hull
187:300 foot
182:200 foot
177:Strength
76:Location
2069:158–160
1323:Prelude
1184:Cannock
1137:colours
1088:Shirley
963:Prelude
812:Kilsyth
643:Lincoln
574:Arundel
539:Winceby
449:Reading
189:Militia
163: (
2234::
2209:
2173:
2146:
1755:19 May
1484:London
1167:Bedlam
1110:Battle
986:Dudley
862:Newark
792:Alford
787:Naseby
653:Bolton
608:Newark
205:15 men
122:Result
2039:-47;
1550:23–26
1499:Notes
1274:fell.
628:Selby
564:Alton
414:Leeds
2207:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2144:ISBN
1940:–36.
1757:2009
1363:was
1099:him.
978:Hull
976:and
919:The
869:1646
735:1645
638:York
586:1644
402:1643
304:1642
68:Date
2101:161
2020:154
1517:125
1029:).
166:DOW
2261::
2095:;
2093:37
2087:;
2085:52
2063:;
2061:48
2037:42
2004:42
1974:^
1957:^
1938:34
1890:^
1852:48
1806:^
1765:^
1720:24
1682:^
1675:37
1639:^
1596:47
1519:)
955:.
202:30
200:c.
83:,
2103:.
2071:.
2047:.
2022:.
2006:.
1759:.
1722:.
1677:.
1447:}
1406:}
1381:}
1340:"
1303:,
282:e
275:t
268:v
169:)
27:.
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