39:
987:
1246:
1201:
1237:
The
Royalists reported a total of 45 for both sides, Essex suggested 50 each, including Gunter, who was killed close to the hedge. The other significant loss was Hampden, who was wounded twice in the shoulder and died six days later after they became infected; later claims these injuries were caused by the explosion of his own pistol have not been substantiated.
1078:
1064:
994:
1106:
1036:
1008:
1050:
1092:
1022:
1229:
and broke. For once, Rupert's men halted their pursuit, probably since their horses were exhausted, and withdrew to
Chiselhampton, where they remained until the next day. Most accounts agree the fighting was over by the time Stapleton arrived, although it has been suggested otherwise, primarily by Royalist statesman and historian, the
1129:
not move without additional supplies and money. This delay allowed the
Royalists time to clear a route to Oxford and the arms convoy left York on 4 June, accompanied by the Queen and 5,000 cavalry. Several days later Parliament sent Essex £100,000 worth of supplies from London, including £21,000 in cash to pay the soldiers.
1236:
The idea
Parliamentarian losses contained a disproportionate number of senior officers also originates with Clarendon. Total casualties are unclear, partly because contemporary reports often fail to distinguish between those incurred at Chinnor, the skirmish with the rearguard, and the battle itself.
1128:
Pending its arrival, a consignment of gunpowder from York arrived in Oxford on 16 May, escorted by 1,000 troops under
Colonel Thomas Pinchbeck. The Royalists were also helped by sickness and hunger among the Parliamentarian troops and the unwillingness of Essex to act aggressively, claiming he could
1276:
It increased discontent with Essex, whose sole achievement in 1643 was to capture
Reading; the attack on Islip was slow and ponderous, in contrast to that led by Rupert. Despite warnings of the likelihood of a raid, no precautions were taken, and without Hampden and Gunter, the Royalists would have
1228:
Dalbier moved his dragoons up to the hedge and fired on the
Royalist cavalry, prompting Prince Rupert into an attack, allegedly leaping the hedge while the rest of his men made their way around. Reinforced by Hampden and Gunter, Dalbier's men initially held their ground but were heavily outnumbered
1256:
Chalgrove Field cemented Prince Rupert's reputation, emphasising his qualities of drive, determination, and aggression. In only a few hours, he put together nearly 2,000 men, devised a plan, and carried it out, while his aggressive counter-attack kept
Stapleton at a distance. It also minimised his
1176:
had just returned from the abortive attempt on Islip, and were exhausted; they failed to post guards, and were taken by surprise when the
Royalists attacked at 05:00. Having inflicted 50 casualties, as well as capturing prisoners and stores, Prince Rupert decided to withdraw before his line of
910:. Although they failed to intercept the convoy, they seized supplies and prisoners and headed home pursued by cavalry under Hampden and Major John Gunter. Prince Rupert halted at Chalgrove and counterattacked, scattering his opponents before their main force arrived under Sir
1208:
With
Lunsford's infantry leading the way, the Royalists made slow progress due to their prisoners and loot, their column spread out along two miles. By 08:30, the rearguard was in contact with Hampden and Gunter, who had been joined by 100 dragoons under
1277:
made it home without being intercepted. The damage to his reputation was sealed when Rupert's men spent the next day at Chalgrove distributing their loot, and preparing for a triumphal entry into Oxford, while the Parliamentarian army looked on.
1220:
Their route took them along a bridleway, bounded by a 'Great Hedge', a double line of thick, shoulder-high hedgerows used to mark parish boundaries, and prevent cattle straying. With their flanks secured their flanks, the dragoons under
1300:
wrote; 'Never Kingdom received a greater loss in one subject, never a man a truer and more faithful friend.' His reputation and man management skills had been vital in minimising internal divisions, particularly after the exposure of
1265:; at Chalgrove, this was limited by their horses being exhausted after a night of hard riding. Capable of inspiring great loyalty among subordinates, like Wentworth and Legge, he was less successful with his peers, the quarrel with
1132:
Meanwhile, Royalist cavalry from Oxford conducted a series of raids on local Parliamentarian towns, which Essex failed to prevent. A furious Parliament ordered him to take action and he finally left Reading for
1280:
Chalgrove ended any danger to the Royalist arms convoy, which entered Oxford in early July. More importantly, it established a psychological edge over their opponents, confirmed on 25 June when Urry attacked
230:
1225:
set up an ambush further along the hedgerow, while Rupert's cavalry formed up in an open field. By now, Parliamentarian forces on the scene consisted of around 200 cavalry, plus the dragoons.
1905:
925:, Parliamentarian commander. On the other hand, Royalist morale was significantly boosted and Chalgrove marked the start of a series of victories over the next six months.
223:
986:
933:
When the war began, both sides expected it to be decided by a single, decisive battle, but the events of 1642 showed the need to plan for a lengthy conflict. The
964:
on 27 April, breaking the line of outposts that protected Oxford. The Royalist war effort was hampered by shortage of weapons, since Parliament held the largest
1328:, paid for the Hampden Monument, located 700 metres south of the main site. Following an extensive debate over whether it constituted a 'battle' or 'skirmish',
1188:, hastily pulled together a force to attack them. Several senior officers, supposedly in Thame to collect their regiments' wages, helped him form a number of
216:
1119:
1890:
1313:
in December meant Parliament's two most prominent leaders left the scene in less than six months, during a period of almost unbroken Royalist success.
1317:
1900:
1266:
1213:, an experienced German mercenary. Realising he could not outrun his pursuers, Rupert ordered Lunsford to keep moving, and secure the bridge at
968:
in England and controlled most of the major ports, making it difficult to import them. In February a large consignment of weapons purchased by
1807:
1222:
118:
1885:
1861:
1826:
1788:
1756:
1731:
1706:
1687:
1230:
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922:
706:
1726:
1701:
632:
1659:
443:
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534:
350:
252:
1333:
1160:, and 500 infantry. Essex had concentrated his troops in the north, exposing his southern positions; concerned by this,
1766:
Lester, Derek; Lester, Gill (December 2015). "The military and political importance of the battle of Chalgrove 1643".
786:
691:
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567:
528:
1180:
While three troops under Hampden and Major John Gunter maintained contact with the Royalists, the local commander at
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38:
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113:
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30:
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on 10 June. The raids were partly intended to distract attention from the Queen's convoy, which reached
969:
942:
825:
791:
771:
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642:
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562:
552:
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1141:
on 16 June. Hoping to intercept it, on the 17th Essex sent 2,500 men to attack a Royalist outpost at
850:
830:
796:
647:
473:
418:
259:
949:
were held in February, neither party did so with any conviction, and they ended without resolution.
917:
The ease with which the Royalists conducted their raid, along with the failure to capitalise on the
1290:
1146:
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Stevenson, John; Carter, Andrew (1973). "The Raid on Chinnor and the Fight at Chalgrove Field".
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577:
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363:
1305:
on 31 May. Waller had close links to many Parliamentarian leaders, including his cousin,
1257:
weaknesses, one being his cavalry's ill-discipline, which cost the Royalists victory at
1306:
973:
1245:
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defected, bringing information on the London convoy and Essex's troop positions.
1145:. They found the garrison waiting and retreated; as they did so, Scots mercenary
1286:
977:
880:
68:
1289:, allowing Prince Rupert to support operations in the west, culminating in the
887:, who was wounded in the shoulder during the battle and died six days later.
1173:
957:
891:
876:
731:
98:
64:
208:
1310:
1157:
934:
895:
93:
1252:; severely wounded in fighting around the hedge, he died six days later
1177:
retreat was cut; by 06:30, his forces were on the road back to Oxford.
1169:
965:
907:
1192:
units; having collected around 700 men, Stapleton set out in pursuit.
1189:
938:
899:
894:
convoy containing £21,000 in cash, during the night of 17 to 18 June
1244:
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1181:
1134:
1680:
The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England; Volume II
1481:
1479:
1437:
1435:
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and connecting key areas of support in England and Wales, while
212:
43:
Monument to John Hampden on the battlefield, erected in 1843
1296:
Hampden's death was seen as a major blow; his close friend
1156:
left Oxford at 16:00 the same day, with 1,200 cavalry, 350
945:
consolidated control of those they already held. Although
1781:
First Newbury 1643: The Turning Point (Osprey Campaign)
1454:
1452:
1450:
1168:
with care before going to bed. Many of the troops at
1844:. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society.
1800:
Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660
1629:
1441:
1364:
1646:Adair, John (1979). "The Death of John Hampden".
1533:
1485:
1470:
1352:
980:and preparations began to escort it to Oxford.
937:focused on fortifying their wartime capital in
23:
1412:
883:. It is now best remembered for the death of
224:
8:
1497:
1906:Registered historic battlefields in England
1324:politician and author of the hagiographic
231:
217:
209:
37:
20:
1521:
921:in April caused serious criticism of the
1617:
1605:
1581:
1557:
1424:
1779:Roberts, Keith; Turner, Graham (2003).
1749:The Controversy of John Hampden's Death
1747:Lester, Derek; Blackshaw, Gill (2000).
1545:
1345:
871:took place on 18 June 1643, during the
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1509:
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1400:
1388:
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7:
1702:"Battle of Chalgrove 1643 (1000006)"
1856:(2001 ed.). Penguin Classics.
1732:National Heritage List for England
1707:National Heritage List for England
1682:(2019 ed.). Wentworth Press.
14:
1891:Battles of the English Civil Wars
1063:
993:
1819:Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier
1104:
1090:
1076:
1062:
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1034:
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1901:Military history of Oxfordshire
1105:
1035:
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1630:Historic England & 1059742
1442:Historic England & 1000006
1049:
1:
1091:
1021:
16:First English Civil War, 1643
1727:"Hampden Monument (1059742)"
1886:17th century in Oxfordshire
1678:Clarendon, Earl of (1704).
1534:Lester & Blackshaw 2000
1486:Stevenson & Carter 1973
1471:Stevenson & Carter 1973
1353:Stevenson & Carter 1973
1309:, and Essex. The death of
188:900 cavalry (200 engaged);
1922:
1751:. Chalgrove Battle Group.
1269:contributing to defeat at
1854:The King's War, 1641-1647
1817:Spencer, Charles (2007).
1802:(2006 ed.). Abacus.
1413:Roberts & Turner 2003
1326:Memorials of John Hampden
869:Battle of Chalgrove Field
250:
203:max 50, unknown prisoners
194:
175:
104:
87:
47:
36:
28:
24:Battle of Chalgrove Field
1498:Lester & Lester 2015
1365:Battle of Chalgrove 2020
906:raided positions around
1318:George Nugent-Grenville
1261:, and led to defeat at
1152:Seeing an opportunity,
873:First English Civil War
242:First English Civil War
31:First English Civil War
1798:Royle, Trevor (2004).
1334:registered battlefield
1285:. Essex withdrew from
1253:
1205:
1123:Oxfordshire, June 1643
978:Bridlington, Yorkshire
105:Commanders and leaders
1660:"Battle of Chalgrove"
1248:
1203:
970:Queen Henrietta Maria
633:Gunnislake New Bridge
195:Casualties and losses
1303:Edmund Waller's Plot
1204:Chalgrove Battle Map
1120:class=notpageimage|
890:Hoping to capture a
1584:, pp. 233–234.
1572:, pp. 230–231.
1524:, pp. 262–263.
1427:, pp. 217–218.
1379:, pp. 208–209.
956:, commander of the
128:Sir Henry Lunsford
1664:Battlefields Trust
1291:capture of Bristol
1254:
1206:
919:capture of Reading
707:Scarborough Castle
509:2nd Wardour Castle
409:1st Wardour Castle
156:John Gunter
1896:Conflicts in 1643
1809:978-0-349-11564-1
1536:, pp. 21–24.
1231:Earl of Clarendon
864:
863:
787:Sherburn in Elmet
658:Montgomery Castle
568:Stourbridge Heath
207:
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1867:
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1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1332:designated it a
1330:English Heritage
1186:Philip Stapleton
1108:
1107:
1094:
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1052:
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1037:
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1023:
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962:captured Reading
912:Philip Stapleton
836:Stow-on-the-Wold
792:3rd Basing House
747:2nd Lathom House
697:High Ercall Hall
608:2nd Basing House
553:1st Lathom House
499:1st Basing House
245:
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233:
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200:20-45 (estimate)
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139:Philip Stapleton
99:Parliamentarians
79:Royalist victory
49:
48:
41:
21:
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1910:
1881:1643 in England
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479:Aldbourne Chase
429:Chalgrove Field
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181:1,150 cavalry;
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167:Colonel Dalbier
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1850:Wedgwood, C.V.
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1828:978-0297846109
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1522:Clarendon 1704
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1461:, p. 229.
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1391:, p. 208.
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1355:, p. 348.
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1223:Lord Wentworth
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1648:History Today
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1618:Wedgwood 1958
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1606:Wedgwood 1958
1602:
1599:
1596:, p. 17.
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1582:Wedgwood 1958
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1558:Wedgwood 1958
1554:
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1548:, p. 55.
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1500:, p. 34.
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1425:Wedgwood 1958
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1418:
1415:, p. 12.
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1215:Chiselhampton
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1154:Prince Rupert
1150:
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1147:Sir John Urry
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1084:Chiselhampton
988:
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904:Prince Rupert
901:
898:cavalry from
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856:2nd Worcester
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802:Denbigh Green
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454:Roundway Down
452:
450:
447:
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444:Burton Bridge
442:
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434:Adwalton Moor
432:
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427:
425:
424:1st Worcester
422:
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359:Braddock Down
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183:350 dragoons
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114:Prince Rupert
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27:
22:
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1818:
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1771:
1767:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1730:
1711:. Retrieved
1705:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1651:
1647:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1546:Spencer 2007
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1466:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1325:
1322:Whig radical
1315:
1295:
1293:on 26 July.
1279:
1275:
1271:Marston Moor
1255:
1250:John Hampden
1235:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1179:
1164:checked his
1162:John Hampden
1151:
1131:
1127:
960:field army,
951:
932:
916:
889:
885:John Hampden
868:
866:
846:2nd Aberdeen
818:
816:
782:Rowton Heath
684:
682:
653:1st Aberdeen
628:Marston Moor
613:Tipton Green
535:
533:
494:Olney Bridge
464:Gainsborough
439:2nd Bradford
428:
404:Sourton Down
394:Ripple Field
374:Hopton Heath
351:
349:
340:1st Bradford
335:Muster Green
320:Piercebridge
290:Kings Norton
280:Babylon Hill
253:
190:100 dragoons
185:500 infantry
159:
149:
144:John Hampden
88:Belligerents
55:18 June 1643
29:Part of the
18:
1821:. Phoenix.
1738:16 December
1287:Oxfordshire
947:peace talks
881:Oxfordshire
826:Bovey Heath
777:2nd Chester
772:Philiphaugh
767:2nd Bristol
722:3rd Taunton
712:2nd Taunton
678:2nd Newbury
668:1st Taunton
663:1st Chester
643:Lostwithiel
563:Boldon Hill
504:Heptonstall
484:1st Newbury
459:1st Bristol
69:Oxfordshire
1875:Categories
1838:Oxoniensia
1783:. Osprey.
1768:Oxoniensia
1594:Adair 1979
1570:Royle 2004
1510:Royle 2004
1459:Royle 2004
1401:Royle 2004
1389:Royle 2004
1377:Royle 2004
1340:References
976:landed in
943:Parliament
929:Background
851:Lagganmore
841:3rd Oxford
831:Torrington
797:Annan Moor
727:2nd Oxford
692:Inverlochy
648:Tippermuir
598:1st Oxford
583:Lyme Regis
469:Gloucester
345:Chichester
330:1st Exeter
270:Portsmouth
1336:in 1995.
1316:In 1843,
1267:Newcastle
1241:Aftermath
1174:Postcombe
1070:Postcombe
1000:Chalgrove
935:Royalists
877:Chalgrove
732:Leicester
548:Newcastle
449:Lansdowne
419:Wakefield
389:Lichfield
384:Camp Hill
325:Tadcaster
305:Brentford
300:Aylesbury
94:Royalists
65:Chalgrove
1852:(1958).
1713:11 April
1669:14 April
1311:John Pym
1259:Edgehill
1158:dragoons
966:arsenals
896:Royalist
757:Hereford
752:Langport
717:Auldearn
702:Weymouth
673:Carlisle
638:Ormskirk
618:Oswestry
573:Cheriton
543:Nantwich
474:2nd Hull
414:Stratton
295:Edgehill
275:Plymouth
260:1st Hull
176:Strength
60:Location
1842:XXXVIII
1640:Sources
1283:Wycombe
1170:Chinnor
1166:pickets
1112:Wycombe
1042:Chinnor
1014:Reading
972:in the
908:Chinnor
902:led by
875:, near
762:Kilsyth
593:Lincoln
524:Arundel
489:Winceby
399:Reading
160:†
150:†
1860:
1825:
1806:
1787:
1755:
1686:
1263:Naseby
1196:Battle
1190:ad hoc
1184:, Sir
1139:Newark
1056:Oxford
939:Oxford
900:Oxford
812:Newark
742:Alford
737:Naseby
603:Bolton
558:Newark
146:
76:Result
1654:(10).
1182:Thame
1143:Islip
1135:Thame
1098:Islip
1028:Thame
578:Selby
514:Alton
364:Leeds
1858:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1740:2015
1715:2020
1684:ISBN
1671:2020
1320:, a
1172:and
952:The
867:The
819:1646
685:1645
588:York
536:1644
352:1643
254:1642
137:Sir
52:Date
1877::
1840:.
1772:80
1770:.
1729:.
1725:.
1704:.
1700:.
1662:.
1652:29
1650:.
1478:^
1449:^
1432:^
1273:.
1233:.
1217:.
914:.
879:,
67:,
1866:.
1831:.
1812:.
1793:.
1774:.
1761:.
1742:.
1717:.
1692:.
1673:.
1632:.
1444:.
1367:.
232:e
225:t
218:v
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