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into the eight-cylinder (MkI) engine. These were intended to give an output of 700 bhp (520 kW) at 1,000 rpm but in practice, had a continuous output rating of only 585 bhp (436 kW) with a maximum of 650 hp (485 kW). At 17 tons for the five, they were six tons above
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The
Tornado had steam cooling; water in the cylinder jackets was allowed to come to boiling point, and then condensed in three small triangular radiators on the hull above the power cars, or for the two midships engines was condensed in a retractable radiator and used to heat the passenger
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airship was to have seven engines of an improved version of the
Tornado, having an output of 850 bhp (630 kW, maximum) or 700 bhp (520 kW, cruising, continuous), but the project was cancelled in 1931 after the crash of the R101 and the end of the
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bearings were also found to be prone to early failure, In addition, there were two critical vibration frequencies which coincided with idling and cruising speeds, resulting in a limitation on the maximum rpm and consequently a reduction in power output.
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The engines were intended to have reversing propellers, but they failed. At one point during development of R101, one engine was used only for astern running at the start and finish of flights, a decision that astonished
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petrol starting engines, and there had only been time to replace one with a
Beverley heavy-oil starting engine (itself started by compressed air) on one Tornado.
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airship when petrol engines were thought unsafe in the tropics. The model is given as
Tornado IIIA or Tornado III C.I. The fuel is described as
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accommodation. Running the engines at a relatively high thermal temperature was expected to improve the
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0.429 lb/bhp/hr (261 g·kW·h) maximum, 0.421 lb/bhp/hr (256 g·kW·h) cruise
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design weight. The weight with the power car was over three tons per engine. The
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team. Later two engines were made reversible by an adjustment to the camshaft.
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would have used the
Tornado, but petrol engines were chosen to avoid delays.
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650 bhp (480 kW) at 935 rpm maximum; 475 bhp (350 kW) at 825 rpm cruise
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The engine was designed by combining two four-cylinder units used for
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by Nevil Shute (1954, William
Heinemann, London) pages 74, 82-83, 105
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with propeller, cooling, exhaust and starting systems and engine car
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279 lb/hr (127 kg·h) maximum; 200 lb/hr (92 kg·h) cruise
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Mac Kay, Charles, "Beardmore
Aviation 1913 - 1930" A.MacKay 2012
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322:; frontispiece, pages 494-496 (1982, William Kimber, London)
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4,733 lb (2150 kg) bare engine, 8,580 lb (3890 kg) installed
422:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 2006.
408:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.
436:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003.
320:To Ride the Storm: The Story of the Airship R.101
169:The R101 had five Tornado engines. The proposed
465:Beardmore rail rolling stock and Tornado engine
116:of Glasgow, Scotland, and used in the British
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8:
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434:British Piston Engines and their Aircraft
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20:
7:
16:1920s British diesel aircraft engine
473:magazine on the Tornado engine 1929
420:Development of Piston Aero Engines
406:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
338:Masefield; pages 112-113, 152, 350
14:
29:
264:Water/steam cooling (see above)
162:and the other engineers on the
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599:1920s aircraft piston engines
114:William Beardmore and Company
73:William Beardmore and Company
186:Specifications (Tornado III)
150:. The Tornado engines used
38:R101 Tornado engine in the
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594:Beardmore aircraft engines
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297:Specific fuel consumption
205:8-cylinder liquid-cooled
148:specific fuel consumption
37:
28:
23:
318:Masefield, Sir Peter G:
589:Aircraft diesel engines
371:11 October 1929 p. 1094
197:General characteristics
176:Imperial Airship Scheme
227:12.0 inches (304.8 mm)
128:Design and development
110:diesel aircraft engine
40:Science Museum, London
543:Adriatic / 230 hp BHP
236:5,130.8 in (84.125 L)
218:8.25 inches (210 mm)
209:upright layout engine
381:Masefield; page 494
359:Masefield; page 281
88:Major applications
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453:978-0-9573443-0-3
290:Fuel consumption:
282:Compression ratio
112:built in 1927 by
102:Beardmore Tornado
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432:Lumsden, Alec.
418:Gunston, Bill.
404:Gunston, Bill.
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399:Further reading
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64:United Kingdom
60:National origin
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53:Diesel engine
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269:Performance
160:Nevil Shute
583:Categories
348:Slide Rule
306:References
256:Fuel type:
250:Components
241:Dry weight
193:Masefield:
79:First run
509:Beardmore
191:Data from
548:Atlantic
134:railcars
24:Tornado
568:Typhoon
563:Tornado
553:Cyclone
286:12.25:1
152:Ricardo
139:big end
108:inline
558:Simoon
538:200 hp
533:160 hp
528:120 hp
471:Flight
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369:Flight
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223:Stroke
207:inline
178:. The
104:is an
50:Inline
523:90 hp
203:Type:
82:1927
46:Type
449:ISBN
438:ISBN
424:ISBN
410:ISBN
324:ISBN
214:Bore
180:R100
171:R102
164:R100
118:R101
100:The
93:R101
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124:.
501:e
494:t
487:v
444:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
