1426:. Noticeable is also a concurrent general reduction in diversity. Within the Bembridge Limestone Formation 47 taxa were present, whereas within the Upper Hamstead Member the number of species had reduced to 28. One should notice though that the minimum in diversity with 20 taxa was already reached within the Lower Hamstead Member. This argues for a much more drawn out process in the reduction of species setting in already before the Grande Coupure. The Grande Coupure itself is distinguished by the fairly rapid replacement of
1456:
214:
1442:
798:
499:
264:
1535:
Hooker, J.J. et al.(2009). Refined correlation of the UK Late Eocene-Early
Oligocene Solent Group and timing of its climate history. The Geological Society of America Special Paper 452. The late Eocene Earth: hothouse, icehouse and impacts. Edited by Christian Koeberl & Alessandro
1398:
Remark: This interpretation proposed by Hooker et al. (2009) is not accepted by all geologists. Gale et al. (2006) for instance place the sequence boundary much lower in the
Bembridge Limestone Formation and also further subdivide the lower sequence into three sequences.
1531:
Hooker, J.J. The Grande
Coupure in the Hampshire Basin, UK: taxonomy and stratigraphy of the mammals on either side of this major Paleogene faunal turnover. Micropalaeontology, Sedimentary Environments and Stratigraphy. Edited by Wittaker, J.E. & Hart,
1517:
Gale, A.S. et al. (2006). Correlation of Eocene–Oligocene marine and continental records: orbital cyclicity, magnetostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Solent Group, Isle of Wight, UK. Journal of the
Geological Society. London, 163, pp.
1481:
Insole, A. & Daley, B. (1985). A revision of the lithostratigraphical nomenclature of the Late Eocene and Early
Oligocene Strata of the Hampshire Basin, Southern England. Tertiary Research, 7, pp. 67–100
1064:
can reach a thickness of 60 meters. It starts with a 3-meter thick interlayering of greenish-greyish clay and silt bearing decalcified
Polymesoda shells. Roughly 10 metres above the base follows the
850:
interlayering. This changes to 3 metres of blue to brown, finely laminated clays including some shelly horizons. These clays are capped by a 1-metre-thick, blueish-greyish, clayey sand layer with
1414:
In the Upper
Hamstead Member 16 new taxa appear for the first time and 11 disappear. Within the pre-Grand Coupure Lower Hamstead Member only 5 new appearances were registered, mainly European
1508:
Aubry, M.-P. (1985). Northwestern
European Palaeogene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and paleogeography: calcareous nannofossil evidence. Geology, 13, pp. 198–202
1395:
The Eocene/Oligocene boundary most likely is situated below the sequence boundary in the Lower
Hamstead Member or high in the upper Bembridge Marls Member.
1561:
917:. Within the basal shell layer traces of an eroded soil horizon (paleosoil) were found. The hiatus underneath is estimated to have lasted 350.000 years.
1566:
1260:
on top of the
Bouldnor Formation is merely 5 to 9 meters thick and consists mainly of blueish-greenish clays. It starts off as a brackish facies (
866:
for its up to 5-metre-long tree trunks. The log bed is clearly a freshwater deposit as it contains besides the tree trunks plenty of washed-up
1490:
Forbes, E. (1853). On the fluvio-marine Tertiaries of the Isle of Wight. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 9, pp. 259–270
1408:
1601:
518:-like layering. The member overlies the summital mudcracks of the Bembridge Limestone Formation without any discontinuity. It correlates
1576:
388:
facies judging by the enclosed freshwater, brackish and marine biota. Marine conditions were only rarely achieved, examples being the
897:
enclosed in alternating clays and sands. It attests brackish conditions with a lot of reworked wood debris. Besides molluscs like
1596:
1571:
878:, and also the leaves of monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants. Its faunal remains attest the last pre-Grande Coupure assemblage (
1499:
White, H.J.O.(1921). A Short Account of the Geology of the Isle of Wight. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
1606:
1076:
the member ends with 8 meters of turquoise, plastic clays with orange-red freckles. Intercalated are occasional brown,
1358:
362:
838:. This layer is very rich in organic matter and was deposited under freshwater conditions. At its base it carries
1591:
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893:
which closes the Lower Hamstead Member. This bed is almost 1 meter thick and is characterized by chocolate-brown
1333:. The sedimentation stopped at the end of the member and the sea withdrew completely from the Hampshire Basin.
851:
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280:
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318:
The Bouldnor Formation was scientifically established 1985 by A. Insole and B. Daly, who also defined its
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follows directly upon the Bembridge Marls Member with a 40-centimetre-thick olive to black seam, the
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1205:
1133:
954:
645:
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Mammal remains were also found in the Upper Hamstead Member. They belong to the following species:
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701:
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519:
232:
163:
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1298:
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1014:
1008:
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683:
428:
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A very diversified and well preserved biota can be found within the Bouldnor Formation comprising
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The fossil contents of the Bembridge Marls Member are quite varied, with freshwater species like
452:
1181:
1169:
1020:
875:
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on the biota are clearly noticeable and follow immediately after the negative oxygen excursion
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The Bembridge Marls Member was mainly sedimented in fresh or brackish water as indicated by
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910:
527:
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sediments covered the formation discordantly. The Bouldnor Formation lies concordantly on
343:
236:
330:. Forbes was followed in 1921 by H.J.O. White, a geologist from the Geological Survey.
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shells. The Cranmore Member belongs biostratigraphically to the calcareous nannofossil
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within the Bouldnor Formation can be characterized by the enclosed biota as follows:
978:
972:
936:
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677:
558:
327:
284:
268:
82:
35:
271:– the Bouldnor Formation includes the Bembridge Marls and Hamstead Beds on this map.
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996:
894:
886:
797:
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346:. The thickness of the formation can vary between 45 and 115 metres. After a long
1199:
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871:
743:
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636:
514:. Interlaced are several mollusc-bearing horizons. The clays show a rhythmical,
448:
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57:
1422:. Amongst the 16 newcomers at the Grande Coupure are 10 immigrant species from
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600:
565:. Relatively short-lived marine inraids are recognizable in horizons like the
546:
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473:
the Bouldnor Formation is subdivided into three members (from top to bottom):
424:
385:
303:
102:
67:
39:
1384:). It is plausible that this fall in sea level correlates with the onset of
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846:. The Black Band is overlain by roughly 4 metres of a greenish-greyish clay-
662:
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51:
1248:. In absolute age it covers the time span 33.75 to 32.5 million years BP.
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1361:. The marine intervals within the Bouldnor Formation are interpreted as
1080:, laminated clays and some shell horizons. Worth mentioning is also the
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origin, whereas the upper section was laid down by rivers inhabited by
554:
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boundary and reaches into the upper Rupelian. It comprises the chrons
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The following mammal taxa were found in the Lower Hamstead Member:
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1.5 metres above the base and a limestone band with bivalves like
515:
497:
326:
strata on the Isle of Wight had already been described in 1853 by
615:
at the base of the member is a marly sand layer with a very rich
1423:
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843:
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620:
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511:
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1284:). The marine character is also underlined by the gastropods
1236:
Chronologically the Hamstead Member starts at the Priabonian/
506:
The basal, 20 to 23 metres, exceptionally-35 metres-thick
510:
is mainly composed of blueish to greenish-gray clays and
1357:. The first sequence already started at the base of the
145:
Bembridge Marls Member, Hamstead Member, Cranmore Member
538:
and has an absolute age of 34.0 to 33.75 million years
338:
The Bouldnor-Formation is the topmost formation of the
502:
Yarmouth Common with Bouldnor Cliffs in the background
1341:
The Bouldnor-Formation consists of two second-order
862:. This gravitationally unstable bed is known as the
627:with very good preservation. Amongst the finds are
207:
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159:
149:
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121:
29:
295:occupying the core of the east-southeast-striking
1084:in the upper third of the Upper Hamstead Member.
376:which were sedimented along a coastal plain in
1072:also containing Polymesoda shells. After the
858:indicating dewatering of the sediment during
8:
534:. The member therefore belongs to the upper
423:. The nonmarine layers are characterized by
342:before the sea withdrew completely from the
661:. Plant remains within the member include
26:
796:
553:. The lower section of the member is of
262:
1474:
310:on the east side of the Isle of Wight.
275:The Bouldnor Formation was named after
247:and was deposited during the uppermost
1353:) being situated right underneath the
530:with the calcareous nannoplanktonzone
243:. It is the youngest formation of the
455:. In the middle section (i.e. in the
7:
1430:species with immigrants from Asia.
1392:at the beginning of the Oligocene.
467:at the beginning of the Oligocene.
1562:Stratigraphy of the United Kingdom
1037:start appearing, an example being
361:of the upper Bembridge Limestone (
25:
368:The formation consists mainly of
287:. The formation is exposed along
1547:Contribution by A.S. Gale et al.
1454:
1440:
885:After a distinct hiatus follows
212:
1268:) but changes to marine in the
1567:Geologic formations of England
1:
1359:Bembridge Limestone Formation
1068:and immediately above it the
522:with the upper part of chron
363:Bembridge Limestone Formation
306:of the formation is found at
1602:Geology of the Isle of Wight
1378:falling stage systems tract
1049:Inaperturopollenites magnus
623:. This layer constitutes a
173:>50 m (160 ft)
1628:
1577:Oligocene Series of Europe
396:and sections of the upper
852:ball-and-pillow-structure
812:is divided in two by the
808:The 20 to 70 meter thick
804:of the Bouldnor Formation
690:Choeropotamus parisiensis
365:), a freshwater deposit.
279:, a small hamlet east of
259:Stratotype and occurrence
34:
1206:Pseudoltinomys gaillardi
1188:Paradoxonycteris tobieni
985:Paradoxonycteris tobieni
979:Palaeotherium muehlbergi
925:Amphidozotherium cayluxi
854:, contorted bedding and
774:Tarnomys schmidtkittleri
675:Amongst the mammals are
520:magnetostratigraphically
1597:Paleontology in England
1572:Eocene Series of Europe
1104:Amphiperaterium minutum
1009:Suevosciurus ehingensis
768:Suevosciurus ehingensis
372:with some intercalated
1305:Strebloceras cornuides
1244:and the lower part of
1116:Atavocricetodon atavus
1098:Amphiperatherium exile
1040:Quasisequoia couttsiae
991:Pseudoltinomys cuvieri
909:there are also marine
805:
646:Aeschnophlebia andeasi
508:Bembridge Marls Member
503:
494:Bembridge Marls Member
488:Bembridge Marls Member
272:
267:Geological map of the
1374:retreating sea levels
1337:Sequence stratigraphy
1317:Teinostoma decussatum
1299:Sandbergeria vectiana
1200:Peratherium perriense
1170:Isoptychus margaritae
1062:Upper Hamstead Member
1056:Upper Hamstead Member
937:Anoplotherium latipes
931:Amphiperaterium exile
832:Lower Hamstead Member
826:Lower Hamstead Member
802:Stratigraphic section
800:
726:Microchoerus edwardsi
678:Anoplotherium latipes
599:and marine taxa like
501:
459:) the effects of the
291:between Yarmouth and
266:
1607:Geology of Hampshire
1021:Theridomys bonduelli
973:Palaeotherium curtum
780:Theridomys bonduelli
732:Palaeotherium medium
652:Oligoaeschna anglica
613:Bembridge Insect Bed
567:Bembridge Oyster Bed
549:and gastropods like
528:biostratigraphically
390:Bembridge Oyster Bed
126:Geological formation
1462:Paleontology portal
1320:. Also present are
1293:Pusillina turbinata
1224:Tapirulus hyracinus
1212:Ronzotherium romani
1122:Bothriodon velaunus
1015:Suevosciurus fraasi
943:Bransatoglis planus
830:The 10-meter-thick
762:Saturninia gracilis
684:Bransatoglis bahloi
164:Bembridge Limestone
36:Stratigraphic range
18:Bembridge Limestone
1376:and are part of a
1372:was formed during
1218:Stehlinia gracilis
1182:Myxomygale antiqua
913:and the ostracode
806:
756:Plagiolophus minor
750:Plagiolophus major
714:Haplomeryx zitteli
696:Ectropomys exiguus
504:
359:desiccation cracks
273:
229:Bouldnor Formation
30:Bouldnor Formation
1347:sequence boundary
1281:Corbula vectensis
1140:Elomeryx porcinus
1128:Butseloglis micio
1027:Xiphodon gracilis
856:convolute bedding
702:Gesneropithex sp.
658:Vectaraneus yulei
471:Stratigraphically
297:Bouldnor Syncline
225:
224:
16:(Redirected from
1619:
1592:Shale formations
1582:Priabonian Stage
1519:
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1482:
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1323:Viviparus lentus
1164:Hyaenodon dubius
1146:Entelodon magnus
1092:Amphicynodon sp.
997:Ronzotherium sp.
819:Nematura parvula
643:as for instance
588:have been found
231:is a geological
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1254:
1252:Cranmore Member
1058:
1033:Amongst plants
1003:Stehlinia minor
961:Eotalpa anglica
949:Butselia biveri
911:dinoflagellates
870:of the species
828:
810:Hamstead Member
795:
793:Hamstead Member
708:Glamys devoogdi
496:
483:Hamstead Member
478:Cranmore Member
457:Hamstead Member
398:Cranmore Member
344:Hampshire Basin
336:
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237:Hampshire Basin
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1587:Rupelian Stage
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1541:External links
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1448:Geology portal
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1403:Grande Coupure
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1262:Cerithium beds
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1176:Leptadapis sp.
1134:Cryptopithecus
1082:White lily bed
1057:
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955:Cryptopithecus
827:
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794:
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738:Paroxacron sp.
665:seeds and the
577:. Amongst the
495:
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461:Grande Coupure
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289:Bouldnor Cliff
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1355:Nematura bed
1354:
1350:
1340:
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1309:
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1297:
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1287:Hydrobia sp.
1285:
1279:
1273:
1270:Corbula beds
1269:
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1255:
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1158:Glamys fordi
1156:
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1108:
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967:Glamys fordi
965:
959:
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898:
895:ripple marks
891:Nematura bed
890:
884:
879:
863:
842:nodules and
835:
831:
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817:
814:Nematura bed
813:
809:
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786:Treposciurus
784:
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766:
760:
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748:
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730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
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694:
688:
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676:
674:
656:
650:
644:
617:insect fauna
612:
590:
566:
559:prosobranchs
544:
531:
523:
507:
505:
487:
482:
477:
469:
464:
456:
429:Australorbis
411:(especially
402:
397:
394:Nematura Bed
393:
389:
367:
340:Solent Group
337:
334:Stratigraphy
317:
307:
301:
296:
288:
274:
245:Solent Group
239:of southern
228:
226:
136:Solent Group
1311:Syrnola sp.
872:Potamogeton
744:Peratherium
670:Acrostichum
637:hymenoptera
625:lagerstätte
453:Moenocypris
449:Cypridopsis
435:/Galba and
417:charophytes
409:vertebrates
351:Pleistocene
50:38–28
1556:Categories
1536:Montanari.
1469:References
1390:Antarctica
1386:glaciation
1366:highstands
1070:White Band
907:Polymesoda
903:Stenothyra
876:Stratiodes
860:diagenesis
836:Black Band
720:Heterohyus
641:arthropods
629:coleoptera
601:Melanopsis
584:and other
547:cirripedia
536:Priabonian
425:gastropods
386:palustrine
382:lacustrine
304:stratotype
251:and lower
40:Priabonian
1612:Shalfleet
1363:sea level
1343:sequences
1266:Cerithium
1066:Eomys bed
816:(rich in
619:and many
571:Corbicula
563:Viviparus
555:estuarine
441:ostracods
437:Viviparus
324:paleogene
253:Oligocene
233:formation
178:Lithology
170:Thickness
150:Underlies
142:Sub-units
1434:See also
1420:Butselia
1238:Rupelian
1230:Tetracus
1043:and the
1035:conifers
899:Nematura
844:rootlets
840:calcrete
605:Meretrix
582:Amia sp.
405:molluscs
378:lagoonal
355:Holocene
302:Yet the
293:Hamstead
281:Yarmouth
277:Bouldnor
193:Location
160:Overlies
154:Alluvium
44:Rupelian
1518:401–415
1428:endemic
1416:rodents
1370:log bed
1328:biozone
864:log bed
633:diptera
593:Lymnaea
551:Terebia
445:Gandona
433:Lymnaea
413:mammals
320:members
314:History
241:England
235:in the
208:Country
202:England
183:Primary
132:Unit of
1368:. The
1345:, the
1272:(with
1194:Pecora
1045:pollen
905:) and
621:leaves
611:. The
609:Ostrea
586:amiids
575:Nucula
421:plants
392:, the
348:hiatus
322:. The
249:Eocene
217:
198:Region
1418:like
1264:with
1246:C 12r
1242:C 13n
1152:Eomys
901:(now
868:seeds
561:like
524:C 13r
516:varve
512:marls
443:like
427:like
374:sands
370:clays
1532:M.B.
1424:Asia
1407:The
1382:FSST
1331:NP23
1314:and
1278:and
1256:The
1227:and
1060:The
1024:and
889:the
880:MP20
874:and
848:silt
783:and
667:fern
663:palm
655:and
639:and
607:and
597:Unio
595:and
579:fish
573:and
532:NP21
526:and
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220:UK
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