942:
320:("Treatise on Sentences and Words"). This text is a comprehensive study of grammar and its metaphysical foundations. Bhartrhari's philosophy is marked by the concept of "Shabda-Brahman", which holds that the ultimate reality is expressed through words. He posited that language and cognition are linked and that by understanding grammar one can attain spiritual liberation.
250:) but decided to follow the path of Indian sages and renounced a sensual life to find higher meaning. He attempted to live a monastic life but was unable to successfully detach from worldly pleasures. After some time, he lived a life as a yogi in Ujjain till his death.
846:
Extensively used by later grammarians such as Kaiyaṭa, the text is only preserved in fragments. An edition based on an incomplete manuscript was published by
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune (1985-1991), in six fascicles (fascicle 6 in two
214:
Bhartrhari's philosophy is marked by the concept of "Shabda-Brahman", that the ultimate reality is expressed through words. He posited that language and cognition are linked and that by understanding grammar one can attain spiritual liberation.
477:. Bhartrhari analyses grammatical rules and explores the metaphysical and epistemological aspects of language. Within this text, Bhartrhari also discusses the connection between words and their meanings, which is further elaborated in the
288:. Researchers have found some of the details given by Yi-Jing to be erroneous, specifically the time period that he was alive and that he was a Buddhist. Bhartrhari's philosophical position is widely held to be an offshoot of the
246:, India and lived in the 5th century. Details of his personal life are not known, but it is assumed, and accepted by scholars, that he lived between 485 and 540 AD. He was associated with the court of Valabhi (modern Vala,
533:
The date of composition is unknown but it is believed to have been written over the course of
Bhartrhari's life. Bhartrhari uses various poetic devices including metaphors, similes, and paradoxes to convey complex ideas.
174:. c. 5th century CE), was an Indian philosopher and poet known for his contributions to the fields of linguistics, grammar, and philosophy. He is believed to have been born in the 5th century in
582:
Philosophy of
Logical Construction: An Examination of Logical Atomism and Logical Positivism in the light of the Philosophies of Bhartrhari, Dharmakirti and Prajnakaragupta
947:
178:, Malwa, India. He decided to live a monastic life and find a higher meaning but was unable to detach from worldly life. He lived as a yogi in Ujjain until his death.
372:(three books), is an Indian linguistic treatise on the philosophy of language, grammar, and semantics. It is divided into 3 main sections (or kāṇḍa):
226:. Islamic and Western scholars have also shown interest through various translations and commentaries. In the field of Indian poetics, Bhartrhari's
333:
257:
writer, states that
Bhartrhari studied under a grammarian named Vasurāta. Bhartrhari credits some of his theories to Vasurāta in his work the
977:
903:
871:
831:
791:
749:
721:
693:
409:
carries the meaning of the word(s) and is revealed to the listener upon hearing the word(s). Unlike
Patanjali, Bhatrihari applies the term
987:
982:
962:
230:
continues to be revered and studied and has been translated into many languages, affording access to a global audience.
473:
992:
972:
147:
781:
328:
Bhartrhari is best known for his work in the philosophy of language. He wrote four books on grammar (vyākaraṇa):
580:
Hemanta Kumar
Ganguli, "Theory of Logical Construction and Solution of some Logical Paradoxes" , appendix to
316:
Bhartrhari is known for his work in the philosophy of language, particularly his theories articulated in the
967:
368:
357:
183:
570:
293:
550:. Islamic and Western scholars have also shown interest through various translations and commentaries.
547:
223:
948:"Tracking the Hermit's Soul: A Jungian Reading Of Bhartrihari's Satakatraya" by Mathew V. Spano
899:
867:
827:
787:
745:
717:
689:
329:
66:
866:. India : language and literature, in 14 volumes (Reprint ed.). London: Routledge.
289:
819:
143:
542:
Bhartrhari's works have been studied in various Indian philosophical traditions, including
218:
Bhartrhari's works have been studied in various Indian philosophical traditions, including
17:
927:
490:
88:
469:
268:(635-713 CE) mentions Bhartrhari in his travel notes. He claims that Bhartrhari was a
956:
898:. Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton university press.
813:
589:
The
Sambandha-samuddeśa (chapter on relation) and Bhartrhari's philosophy of language
305:
265:
644:
591:, Gonda Indological Series, 2. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1995, pp. 213–219.
783:
From early
Vedanta to Kashmir Shaivism: Gaudapada, Bhartrhari, and Abhinavagupta
561:
has been translated into many languages, affording access to a global audience.
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285:
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118:
507:"three") consists of three collections of 100 verses each. The collections are
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392:
deals with sentence structure and the relationship between its components. The
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744:. Makers of Indian literature. Sahitya Akademi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
460:
281:
936:
524:
516:
269:
102:
923:
Bhartrihari (c. 450—510 C.E.) in the
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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focuses on the meaning of words, phonetics, morphology, and semantics.
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The Word and the World: India's contribution to the study of language
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The Word and the World: India's
Contribution to the Study of Language
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130:
53:
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618:
521:(Love, which details the complexities of love and relationships),
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243:
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481:
This text is studied by Sanskrit grammarians and philosophers.
340:
1 and 2), and Śabdadhātusamīkṣā. As a poet, he also wrote the
300:
and distinctly opposed to Buddhist positions such as those of
645:"Bhartrihari | Indian Poet, Sanskrit Scholar | Britannica"
399:
Bhartrhari's philosophy is centred around the concept of "
332:, Mahābhāṣyatikā (an early sub-commentary on Patanjali's
40:
797:
Bhartrihari may have been "within the fold of Vedānta".
529:(Detachment, a reflection of Bhartrhari's renunciation)
928:
Bibliography on Bhartṛhari, Grammarian and Philosopher
894:
Coward, Harold G.; Kunjunni Raja, Kumarapuram (1990).
511:(Ethics, which details principles of righteous living)
384:(Book of Words), and contains about 635 verses. The
862:Wortham, Biscoe Hale; Wortham, Biscoe Hale (2000).
619:"Bhartrihari | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
124:
108:
98:
84:
76:
60:
48:
32:
577:. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 129-130.
388:treats the metaphysical aspects of language. The
716:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
684:Craig, Edward; Routledge (Firm), eds. (1998).
161:
553:In the field of Indian poetics, Bhartrhari's
8:
292:or grammarian school, closely allied to the
238:Bhartrhari is believed to have been born in
29:
557:continues to be revered and studied. The
348:, a three-part collection of 300 verses.
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27:Indian linguist, philosopher, and poet
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181:He is best known for his works, the
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714:Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies
336:), Vākyapadīyavṛtti (commentary on
468:, which itself is a commentary on
415:to each element of the utterance,
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896:The philosophy of the grammarians
740:Srimannarayana Murti, M. (1997).
940:
207:, and the 300-verse collection
123:
765:Bimal Krishna Matilal (1990).
1:
712:Potter, Karl H., ed. (1977).
253:Siṃhasūrigaṇi, a 6th-century
191:(a commentary on Patanjali's
978:Ancient Sanskrit grammarians
815:Bhartṛhari and the Buddhists
812:Herzberger, Radhika (1986).
939:(public domain audiobooks)
864:The Śatakas of Bhartr̥ihari
312:Philosophical contributions
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786:, SUNY Press, p. 75,
769:. Oxford University Press.
742:Bhartṛhari, the grammarian
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824:10.1007/978-94-009-4666-8
423:the letter or syllable),
380:(Book of Sentences), and
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18:Bhartrhari's paradox
988:Indian Sanskrit scholars
983:5th-century Indian poets
146:. For other uses, see
142:For the folk hero, see
280:, and a commentary on
264:The Chinese traveller
780:N. V. Isaeva (1995),
459:, is a commentary on
963:Sanskrit grammarians
538:Influence and legacy
499:("Three Centuries":
405:". He believed that
334:Vyākaraṇa-Mahābhāṣya
304:, who was closer to
272:and wrote the works
933:Works by Bhartṛhari
376:(Book of Brahman),
234:Life and background
993:5th-century Hindus
649:www.britannica.com
338:Vākyapadīya kāṇḍas
201:Vākyapadīya kāṇḍas
973:Indian male poets
905:978-0-691-07331-6
873:978-0-415-24510-4
833:978-94-010-8574-8
793:978-0-7914-2450-6
751:978-81-260-0308-2
723:978-0-691-07281-4
695:978-0-415-07310-3
587:Jan E.M. Houben,
584:, Calcutta, 1963.
457:Mahabhashyadipika
205:Śabdadhātusamīkṣā
199:(a commentary on
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503:"century";
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491:Śatakatraya
485:Śatakatraya
465:Mahabhashya
461:Patanjali's
429:padasphoṭa;
390:Vākya-kāṇḍa
378:Vākya-kāṇḍa
364:Vākyapadīya
352:Vākyapadīya
342:Śatakatraya
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184:Vākyapadīya
168:Bhartrihari
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596:References
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394:Pada-kāṇḍa
382:Pada-kāṇḍa
203:1 and 2),
158:Devanagari
154:Bhartṛhari
34:Bhartṛhari
290:Vyākaraṇa
282:Patanjali
148:Bharthari
937:LibriVox
573:, 1990,
525:Vairagya
517:Śringara
470:Pāṇini's
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358:Trikāṇḍī
270:Buddhist
163:भर्तृहरि
103:Sanskrit
99:Language
42:भर्तृहरि
847:parts).
654:20 June
624:20 June
548:Mimamsa
544:Vedanta
501:śataka,
453:Tripadi
302:Dignaga
296:of the
294:realism
266:Yi-Jing
248:Gujarat
224:Mimamsa
220:Vedanta
115:Grammar
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527:Śataka
519:Śataka
505:traya,
412:sphoṭa
407:sphoṭa
402:sphoṭa
346:Śataka
298:Nyayas
240:Ujjain
176:Ujjain
131:Sphota
85:Region
54:Ujjain
433:vākya
417:varṇa
344:, or
324:Works
278:Peina
244:Malwa
93:India
900:ISBN
868:ISBN
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718:ISBN
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656:2024
626:2024
546:and
523:and
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362:The
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