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with one letter and possibly the apostrophe (or single quotation mark) as a modifier, and uses one or several Latin vowels to represent short and long Arabic vowels. It strives for minimality as well as phonetic expressiveness. It does not distinguish between the different shapes of the
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in the sense that a person with no knowledge of Arabic should be able to read and pronounce the Arabic text with "reasonable" accuracy. When the principles of BATR are explained, this person should be able to approximate the sound of the Arabic text with high
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The Arabic script should be deducible from its transliteration unambiguously and without necessarily understanding the meaning of the Arabic text. The reverse should also be possible when the Arabic script is fully
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Capital and small symbols of the same
English letter represent in general different sounds or different Arabic letters. In general, capital letters are emphatic versions of small letters whether vowels or
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that is highly phonetic, almost one-to-one, and uses only two special characters, namely the hyphen and the apostrophe as modifiers. This standard also includes rules for diacritization, including
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When a vernacular Arabic word can be said, pronounced, or written in several forms, one of which agrees with
Classical Arabic, then this latter form is adopted.
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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1229:. The correct spelling form is deducible from standard rules of spelling when the word is fully voweled. This is in contrast to
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since it assumes that a software implementation can resolve the differences through the standard rules of spelling in Arabic
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The Arabic words in this article are written using the
Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules.
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On-line transliteration and downloadable stand-alone transliteration pad according to BATR
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In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always
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50:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
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The rules were designed with the following principles in mind
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scheme can be thought of as a compromise between the
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1445:Information about Buckwalter transliteration
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353:or other nonstandard vowels. For instance,
180:Learn how and when to remove this message
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
1455:Transliteration on Tim Buckwalter's site
1233:where several symbols are needed; e.g.,
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1404:
129:"Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules"
1362:is represented by the letter repeated
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309:are represented by doubled symbols:
193:Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules
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1:
1245:is represented by > while
1450:Transliteration on XRCE site
95:general notability guideline
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276:fatHat', Dammat', xaddat',
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195:are a set of rules for the
46:the claims made and adding
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1231:Buckwalter Transliteration
333:represent short versions (
216:Buckwalter Transliteration
102:reliable secondary sources
91:The topic of this article
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294:or Arabic poetry exactly.
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214:transliteration and the
1470:Romanization of Arabic
375:Transliteration tables
297:BATR should be highly
197:romanization of Arabic
367:? (meaning "where?").
1382:taae marbuuTat': t'
1295:is represented by
1285:is represented by
1271:is represented by
261:or vowelled (i.e.
241:Guiding Principles
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31:possibly contains
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359:Egyptian-dialect
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218:. It represents
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1346:kasratayn: iN
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1339:Dammatayn: uN
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1332:fatHatayn: aN
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131: –
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125:Find sources:
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29:This article
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170:October 2015
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56:October 2015
53:
30:
259:diacritized
253:consonants.
106:independent
1325:kasrat': i
1318:Dammat': u
1311:fatHat': a
864:Buckwalter
351:colloquial
347:vernacular
282:and other
220:consonants
140:newspapers
114:redirected
40:improve it
653:DIN 31635
361:vowel in
302:accuracy.
104:that are
44:verifying
1464:Category
1389:taTwiil:
1353:shaddat'
1305:Harakaat
299:phonetic
286:Harakaat
264:muxakkal
229:ar:إملاء
1359:xaddat'
1279:. The
975:y / ii
972:w / uu
951:A / aa
923:' / aa
292:qureaan
278:tanwiin
201:tanwiin
154:scholar
118:deleted
38:Please
1289:while
336:kasrah
329:, and
321:, and
317:, and
270:kasrah
156:
149:
142:
135:
127:
110:merged
1399:Notes
1367:sukūn
1268:ealif
1263:ealif
1248:hamza
1236:hamza
1223:hamza
918:Qalam
267:with
235:Note:
225:hamza
212:Qalam
206:This
161:JSTOR
147:books
116:, or
1254:waaw
1242:alif
947:BATR
364:fain
133:news
1376:-o-
1374:or
1356:or
1297:aaa
1275:or
1251:on
1239:on
986:MSA
982:IPA
960:z'
941:gh
935:sh
932:dh
929:kh
926:th
887:$
349:or
248::
42:by
1466::
1370::
1287:eo
1273:aa
1214:iː
1212:,
1203:uː
1201:,
1128:zˤ
1122:ðˤ
1115:tˤ
1108:dˤ
1101:sˤ
1026:dʒ
999:aː
997:,
969:g
966:E
963:x
957:K
954:c
938:`
911:y
908:w
905:g
902:E
899:Z
896:T
893:D
890:S
884:*
881:x
878:H
875:j
872:v
869:A
850:/
835:/
827:h
824:n
821:m
818:l
815:k
812:q
809:f
739:s
736:z
733:r
721:d
682:t
679:b
669:/
639:/
355:ai
339:,
325:,
319:uu
315:aa
313:,
311:ii
273:,
231:.
203:.
112:,
1441:.
1435:.
1415:ى
1392:_
1372:o
1299:.
1277:A
1227:e
1209:j
1198:w
1191:h
1184:n
1177:m
1170:l
1163:k
1156:q
1149:f
1142:ɣ
1135:ʕ
1094:ʃ
1087:s
1080:z
1073:r
1066:ð
1059:d
1052:x
1045:ħ
1038:ʒ
1032:ɡ
1019:θ
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1005:b
994:ʔ
988:)
984:(
854:ī
847:y
839:ū
832:w
803:ġ
792:ʿ
781:ẓ
772:ṭ
763:ḍ
754:ṣ
745:š
727:ḏ
715:ḫ
706:ḥ
697:ǧ
688:ṯ
673:ā
663:ʾ
643:ى
635:ي
626:و
617:ه
608:ن
599:م
590:ل
581:ك
572:ق
563:ف
554:غ
545:ع
536:ظ
527:ط
518:ض
509:ص
500:ش
491:س
482:ز
473:ر
464:ذ
455:د
446:خ
437:ح
428:ج
419:ث
410:ت
401:ب
392:ا
331:u
327:a
323:i
183:)
177:(
172:)
168:(
158:·
151:·
144:·
137:·
120:.
98:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
36:.
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