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114:
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30:
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industry and a threat to lives of rangers even in the national parks such as
Zakouma. Elephants are often massacred in herds in and around the parks by organized poaching. The problem is worsened by the fact that the parks are understaffed and that a number of wardens have been murdered by poachers.
1052:
Extensive deforestation has resulted in loss of trees such as acacias, baobab, dates and palm trees. This has also caused loss of natural habitat for wild animals; one of the main reasons for this is also hunting and livestock farming by increasing human settlements. Animals like lions, leopards and
179:
massif, which rises to 1,450 metres (4,760 ft). A flat terrain supports
Sahelian grasslands. The transition zone that lies between the southern Sahel and northern Sudan–Guinea is also a seasonal wetland. The Sudan Savanna zone mostly consists of Sudanian woodland with intermittent vegetation of
1060:
to improve relations between farmers, agro-pastoralists and pastoralists in the
Zakouma National Park (ZNP), Siniaka-Minia, and Aouk reserve in southeastern Chad to promote sustainable development. As part of the national conservation effort, more than 1.2 million trees have been replanted to check
196:
Lake Chad, lying on the country's western edge and extending across the border into Niger, Nigeria and
Cameroon, is one of the richest areas of flora in the country, although it has rapidly reduced in size during the last century. The well-drained soils of the area once supported areas of dense
265:
313:
reportedly had a rich fauna of large carnivores in the Lake Chad region, but due to deforestation, hunting and competition from livestock most of the population of lions, leopards, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus have disappeared from the region.
157:(3,415 metres (11,204 ft)) forms part of the northern zone. Vegetation is dominantly tropical in the tropical zone of the country with deserts having least vegetative growth. However, a large area of desert dunes lie between
149:
plagues are also common. The vegetation in the country is broadly categorized under the three regions of the northern Sahara zone, the central Sahel zone, and the southern Sudan zone; all three zones are of equal proportion.
545:
has reported 532 species of birds of which 354 residents and 155 are migrants, the
Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World reports 587 species including 6 globally threatened species. Of these the species under
1523:
325:
are seen in the reserves of Chad in significant numbers, mostly in the Ouadi Rime Ouadi Achin Faunal
Reserve. Also reported to survive in this reserve are the large population of
1914:
1684:
309:
As of 2002, there were at least 134 species of mammals and 532 species of birds (354 species of residents and 155 migrants) in Chad. Before the 20th century,
1606:
1829:
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978:
900:, which is found in large numbers in a range of less than 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi) covering many African countries including Chad.
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The montane vegetation on the massif is rich, unlike the vegetation that is in the lowlands. Woody vegetation occurs in some deep gorges of the
1040:
percent of the country, an area of 146,500 square kilometres (56,600 sq mi), some overlapping with parks and reserves. Of these, the
1689:
1562:
932:(3,000 km or 1,200 sq mi) national parks. The country has a number of faunal reserves which are loosely protected including:
1200:
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the advancement of the desert, which incidentally also helps the local economy by way of financial return from acacia trees, which produce
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Brugière, David; Scholte, Paul (October 2013). "Biodiversity gap analysis of the protected area system in poorly-documented Chad".
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are found there, although most large carnivore populations have been drastically reduced since the early 20th century.
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1996:
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680:
141:. Precipitation varies widely from south to the north. The country is also subject to hot, dry, dusty conditions.
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The northern part of the country which has the Sahara desert and which borders Libya and the volcanic massif of
1979:
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also inhabit the lake as do birds, and it is an important destination for many migratory species of birds.
2018:
1970:
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family), but this has declined due to soil erosion and degradation. Vegetation found in the area includes
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IBA is the largest, covering an area of more than 6 percent of the area of the country.
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2012:
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1036:(IBAs) have been identified and supported by BirdLife International. These cover 11.2
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is a serious problem in the country, particularly of elephants for the profitable
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447:
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As of 2011, there were 2,288 species of plants in the country, 55 of which are
1251:
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1023:; 1,350 km or 520 sq mi) and the Chadian section of Lake Chad (
1004:
551:
505:
284:
278:
166:
1581:
detailed study on "Considerations of
Wildlife Resources and Land Use in Chad"
1578:
1524:"Rangers in Isolated Central Africa Uncover Grim Cost of Protecting Wildlife"
1282:
995:
is also a protected area. The wetlands of international importance—under the
908:
The protected parks, reserves, protection forests, reforestation areas, and
521:
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is an important habitat with the highest number of large mammals.
222:
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129:
128:
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49:
45:
1497:"African Elephants Slaughtered in Herds Near Chad Wildlife Park"
913:
310:
145:
are a feature in the northern part of the country. Droughts and
1588:
1119:"Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands – Chad"
433:
565:
472:
Lake Chad has 179 species of fish which feed on vegetation,
96:, particularly in the south of the country in areas such as
229:. Found within the lake itself are aquatic plants such as
912:
of international importance in the country include the
1475:"Livestock-wildlife-environment interactions in Chad"
1405:"Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in Chad"
1928:
1903:
1622:
1148:"The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis"
1029:; 16,481.68 km or 6,363.61 sq mi).
1383:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688387A93195573.en
1427:"The National Parks and Nature Reserves of Chad"
520:are the two other unique species in the lake.
1600:
1551:World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1991).
1337:"Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World Chad"
8:
1339:. Avi Base- The world data base organization
1024:
1018:
1008:
928:(1,140 km or 440 sq mi), and
1146:Brundu, Giuseppe; Camarda, Ignazio (2013).
991:Aside from the numerous protected forests,
1607:
1593:
1585:
1554:Protected Areas of the World: Afrotropical
920:(7,400 km or 2,900 sq mi),
1381:
1265:World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1991
1169:
1159:
1032:In addition to parks and reserves, eight
1013:; 1,950 km or 750 sq mi),
981:80,000 km or 31,000 sq mi
28:
1522:Gettleman, Jeffrey (31 December 2012).
1331:
1329:
1141:
1139:
1095:
945:20,600 km or 8,000 sq mi
464:are the reptile species also reported.
1277:
1275:
1273:
1113:
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1109:
1107:
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1103:
1101:
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987:4,260 km or 1,640 sq mi
969:3,040 km or 1,170 sq mi
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
7:
963:2,110 km or 810 sq mi
957:1,350 km or 520 sq mi
939:1,100 km or 420 sq mi
1477:. Food and Agriculture Organization
1369:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1053:rhino have been almost eliminated.
480:. Some of the species reported are
1201:"Plant and Animal Life: Lake Chad"
951:763 km or 295 sq mi
270:Camels in the Sahel region of Chad
25:
1058:Food and Agriculture Organization
975:138 km or 53 sq mi
1915:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1685:Democratic Republic of the Congo
293:
277:
263:
201:and kapok trees (species of the
112:
1429:. National Parks-Worldwide.info
1358:BirdLife International (2016).
1232:Journal for Nature Conservation
1020:Réserve de faune de Binder-Léré
440:). Rodent species reported are
1285:. World Wildflife Organization
1056:Efforts have been made by the
1026:partie tchadienne du lac Tchad
1:
1065:, and also from fruit trees.
386:Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii
1449:"Search for protected areas"
1207:. ThinkQuest. Archived from
344:Other species reported are;
1283:"Lake Chad flooded savanna"
655:Marmaronetta angustirostris
2040:
1072:
1015:Binder-Léré Faunal Reserve
535:
252:
1314:. Our Africa organization
1252:10.1016/j.jnc.2013.02.004
1161:10.3897/phytokeys.23.4752
165:massif, where fringes of
1670:Central African Republic
1376:: e.T22688387A93195573.
1124:. BirdLife International
1075:Elephant hunting in Chad
665:Sagittarius serpentarius
830:Black-winged pratincole
681:Beaudouin's snake-eagle
675:Trigonoceps occipitalis
255:List of mammals of Chad
100:, is a severe problem.
1042:Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim
1025:
1019:
1009:
979:Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim
543:BirdLife International
402:Lycaon pictus sharicus
134:
88:, and many species of
37:
1830:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1690:Republic of the Congo
1455:. Protectedplanet.net
916:Level II categorized
844:Rynchops flavirostris
754:Polemaetus bellicosus
734:Terathopius ecaudatus
691:Greater spotted eagle
598:Neophron percnopterus
581:Numenius tenuirostris
577:Slender-billed curlew
571:Critically endangered
548:critically endangered
538:List of birds of Chad
319:Zakouma National Park
132:
98:Zakouma National Park
32:
1034:Important Bird Areas
744:Phoenicopterus minor
685:Circaetus beaudouini
671:White-headed vulture
614:White-backed vulture
608:Necrosyrtes monachus
458:African rock pythons
453:Taterillus lacustris
323:Scimitar horned oryx
18:Biodiversity of Chad
2024:Wildlife by country
1905:States with limited
1616:Wildlife of Africa
1501:National Geographic
1244:2013JNatC..21..286B
810:Black-tailed godwit
701:Black crowned crane
486:Clarias gariepensis
346:red-fronted gazelle
331:Addax nasomaculatus
44:is composed of its
33:Vegetation outside
1528:The New York Times
1362:Musophaga violacea
1211:on 17 October 2013
896:) is a species of
894:Musophaga violacea
834:Glareola nordmanni
705:Balearica pavonina
624:Rueppell's griffon
443:Mastomys verheyeni
430:Tragelaphus spekei
418:Lutra maculicollis
410:Loxodonta africana
370:Erythrocebus patas
135:
58:West African lions
38:
2006:
2005:
1932:other territories
1705:Equatorial Guinea
1564:978-2-8317-0092-2
1205:The Living Africa
997:Ramsar Convention
885:
884:
864:Falco vespertinus
860:Red-footed falcon
854:Coracias garrulus
354:Gazella rufifrons
94:Elephant poaching
70:Kordofan giraffes
16:(Redirected from
2031:
1993:
1992:(United Kingdom)
1988:Tristan da Cunha
1984:Ascension Island
1976:
1963:
1954:
1930:Dependencies and
1623:Sovereign states
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1602:
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1503:. 30 August 2006
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804:Numenius arquata
764:Circus macrourus
720:Ferruginous duck
594:Egyptian vulture
566:
562:categories are:
502:Alestes baremoze
406:African elephant
398:Chadian wild dog
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119:Aerial photo of
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78:African leopards
42:wildlife of Chad
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850:European roller
840:African skimmer
824:Gallinago media
800:Eurasian curlew
780:Stanley bustard
770:Arabian bustard
740:Lesser flamingo
716:
714:Near-threatened
647:
628:Gyps rueppellii
590:
573:
556:near-threatened
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510:Lates niloticus
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462:spitting cobras
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1238:(5): 286–293.
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1073:Main article:
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993:Tibesti Massif
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422:Aonyx capensis
362:Gazella dorcas
350:dorcas gazelle
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66:hippopotamuses
54:Bush elephants
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2019:Biota of Chad
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1980:Saint Helena
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1855:South Africa
1845:Sierra Leone
1674:
1650:Burkina Faso
1553:
1545:Bibliography
1531:. Retrieved
1527:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1373:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1316:. Retrieved
1312:"Our Africa"
1287:. Retrieved
1260:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1204:
1154:(23): 1–18.
1151:
1126:. Retrieved
1078:
1055:
1051:
1048:Conservation
1031:
1001:Ramsar Sites
990:
943:Bahr Salamat
937:Abou Telfane
907:
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870:Sooty falcon
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366:patas monkey
361:
358:Gazella dama
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330:
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243:water lilies
195:
188:
174:
152:
136:
41:
39:
26:
1907:recognition
1860:South Sudan
1750:Ivory Coast
1389:13 November
961:Fada Archei
955:Binder-Léré
820:Great snipe
794:Neotis nuba
478:zooplankton
339:Nanger dama
215:desert date
133:Map of Chad
2013:Categories
1962:(Portugal)
1920:Somaliland
1840:Seychelles
1805:Mozambique
1790:Mauritania
1775:Madagascar
1730:The Gambia
1665:Cape Verde
1533:17 October
1507:17 October
1481:17 October
1459:17 October
1433:17 October
1411:17 October
1407:. Parks.it
1343:16 October
1318:17 October
1289:16 October
1215:17 October
1128:16 October
1091:References
1063:gum arabic
1005:Lake Fitri
904:Protection
645:Vulnerable
588:Endangered
560:vulnerable
552:endangered
506:Nile perch
285:Nile perch
221:, African
172:is noted.
167:xerophytic
104:Vegetation
1795:Mauritius
1152:PhytoKeys
1010:Lac Fitri
999:–are the
967:Larmanaye
922:Goz BeĂŻda
522:Crocodile
468:Aquafauna
438:Kobus kob
426:sitatunga
203:Malvaceae
185:grassland
170:scrubland
159:Lake Chad
121:Lake Chad
74:antelopes
35:Goz BeĂŻda
1986: /
1982: /
1975:(France)
1969: /
1947: /
1943: /
1895:Zimbabwe
1870:Tanzania
1720:Ethiopia
1715:Eswatini
1695:Djibouti
1660:Cameroon
1645:Botswana
1557:. IUCN.
1180:23805051
1080:Poaching
1069:Poaching
973:Mandelia
949:Beinamar
730:Bateleur
532:Avifauna
514:Lungfish
498:characin
494:cichlids
161:and the
82:cheetahs
1971:RĂ©union
1967:Mayotte
1958:Madeira
1953:(Spain)
1949:Melilla
1880:Tunisia
1850:Somalia
1835:Senegal
1820:Nigeria
1810:Namibia
1800:Morocco
1765:Liberia
1760:Lesotho
1710:Eritrea
1680:Comoros
1655:Burundi
1630:Algeria
1240:Bibcode
1171:3690977
930:Zakouma
518:sailfin
490:tilapia
482:catfish
396:), and
390:caracal
239:ambatch
235:papyrus
207:acacias
182:edaphic
163:Ouaddai
155:Tibesti
139:endemic
62:buffalo
1990:
1973:
1960:
1890:Zambia
1885:Uganda
1825:Rwanda
1780:Malawi
1740:Guinea
1635:Angola
1561:
1178:
1168:
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880:
558:, and
504:) and
448:gerbil
432:) and
333:) and
241:, and
227:jujube
211:baobab
190:Acacia
177:Ennedi
147:locust
90:snakes
86:hyenas
1945:Ceuta
1865:Sudan
1815:Niger
1770:Libya
1755:Kenya
1735:Ghana
1725:Gabon
1700:Egypt
1640:Benin
1579:USAID
1122:(PDF)
1084:ivory
926:Manda
414:otter
327:addax
249:Fauna
231:reeds
223:myrrh
219:palms
199:ebony
50:fauna
46:flora
1875:Togo
1785:Mali
1675:Chad
1559:ISBN
1535:2013
1509:2013
1483:2013
1461:2013
1435:2013
1413:2013
1391:2021
1374:2016
1345:2013
1320:2013
1291:2013
1217:2013
1176:PMID
1130:2013
918:Aouk
914:IUCN
888:The
524:and
516:and
476:and
460:and
446:and
317:The
311:Chad
187:and
48:and
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1378:doi
1248:doi
1166:PMC
1156:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
