Knowledge (XXG)

Black lesbian literature in the United States

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More specifically, the genre allowed black lesbians to examine the homophobia that they encountered in nearly all of their political and community circles. Writer and activist Cheryl Clarke wrote essays like "The Failure to Transform: Homophobia in the Black Community" and "Lesbianism: An Act of
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as tools to carry out their analysis. Through this critical analysis, black lesbian writers and activists were able to use the genre to make necessary interventions in the normative ideologies regarding race, gender, and sexuality which emerged from these larger political movements.
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published a statement in which they outlined their main political objectives to fight racism, sexism, homophobia, and class oppression simultaneously. Although many prominent activists were involved in the conception of the statement, the piece was drafted and finalized by
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is widely considered to be one of the first, if not the first, published pieces of black lesbian literature. The book follows the story of Renay, a black woman who leaves her abusive marriage to a black man to enter a relationship with a white lesbian named Terry.
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that focuses on the experiences of black women who identify as lesbians. The genre features poetry and fiction about black lesbian characters as well as non-fiction essays which address issues faced by black lesbians. Prominent figures within the genre include
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to address the specific forms of oppression experienced by black women, these writers produced critical essays and fictional works which gave voice to their experiences, using Black Feminist theories like
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While both novels explored the development of their characters' sexuality, they also examined the characters' experiences as black women in a sexist and white supremacist society. In 1983
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Resistance" which both explore the way that white male patriarchy and white supremacy create the gendered and racialized forms of homophobia that black lesbians experience.
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is considered groundbreaking for its explicit portrayal of lesbian sexuality and it paved the way for black women writers to depict lesbian relationships in their writing.
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Black lesbian literature is characterized by its central focus on black women's experiences as they are shaped by interlocking systems of oppression like
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Van Ausdall, Mimi Iimuro (Spring 2010). "Loving Her Without Class: The Politics of Feminist Love in Ann Allen Shockley's Lesbian Novel".
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Let nobody turn us around: Voices of resistance, reform, and renewal: An African American anthology
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In 1977 the self-proclaimed activist group of black feminists and lesbians known as The
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movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Dissatisfied with the inability of both the
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The Failure to Transform: Homophobia in the Black Community, Cheryl Clarke (1983)
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The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview, Ann Allen Shockley (1979)
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Black Like Us: A Century of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual African American Writing
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wrote the first published collection of essays by an African-American lesbian,
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One of the foundational texts of the genre is Ann Allen Shockley's novel,
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Does Your Mama Know?: An Anthology of Black Lesbian Coming Out Stories
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Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought
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Literary subgenre focusing on the experiences of Black lesbians
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Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers Volume 2
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Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique
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Lesbianism: An Act of Resistance, Cheryl Clarke (1981)
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Mouths of Rain: An Anthology of Black Lesbian Though
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University of Minnesota Press. p. 111. 8: 2853:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures 616:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3567:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine 3082:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee 602:Carbado, Devon W., McBride, Dwight (2011). 3833:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany 3605: 3580: 3474: 3243: 3226: 3072:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany 2912: 2899: 2561: 2348: 2339: 2312: 1944: 1922: 1826: 1786: 1772: 1764: 1446: 1246: 994: 837: 823: 815: 136:Black lesbian literature emerged from the 3123:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire 2955:History of Christianity and homosexuality 1678:History of homosexuality in American film 536:Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 3765:Discrimination against non-binary people 676:Manning Marable, Leith Mullings (2000). 2930:History of gay men in the United States 594: 582:List of LGBT-themed speculative fiction 401:Callaloo and Other Lesbian Love Stories 3281:List of LGBT rights articles by region 609: 702:"Combahee River Collective Statement" 648:Homegirls: A Black Feminist Anthology 489:Homegirls: A Black Feminist Anthology 203:Shockley followed the publication of 7: 3948:LGBT literature in the United States 3853:Unlawfully killed transgender people 3838:Acts of violence against LGBT people 3813:Capital punishment for homosexuality 3297:Capital punishment for homosexuality 510:Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches 3848:Violence against transgender people 3248:LGBT rights by country or territory 3378:Legal status of transgender people 2829:Legal status of transgender people 568:LGBT themes in speculative fiction 14: 2465:Third sex / Third gender 606:. Cleiss Press. pp. 117–118. 3890: 3889: 3877: 3482:— Medicine, science and sexology 3312:Criminalization of homosexuality 2619:Attraction to transgender people 1748: 1747: 1736: 1704:Non-binary characters in fiction 1135:List of transgender publications 282:Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo 221:and Audre Lorde's autobiography 23: 3760:Discrimination against lesbians 3692:Transgender people and religion 3507:Disability and LGBTQ identities 3066:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft 1699:Media portrayal of pansexuality 1176:Media portrayals of bisexuality 776:. Greenwood Press. p. 525. 772:Page, Yolanda Williams (2007). 326:, SDiane Adamz-Bogus (ca. 1985) 300:Zami: A New Spelling of My Name 224:Zami: A New Spelling of My Name 2882:Sexual practices between women 1709:Intersex characters in fiction 661:Guy-Sheftall, Beverly (1995). 631:Ferguson, Roderick A. (2004). 500:Black Lesbian in White America 234:Black Lesbian in White America 142:feminist movement of the 1960s 1: 3928:LGBT African-American culture 3828:History of violence in the US 3823:History of violence in the UK 3307:Civil unions and partnerships 3177:Timeline of same-sex marriage 2878:Women who have sex with women 2858:Social construction of gender 1694:Media portrayal of asexuality 578:, and transgender literature) 520:t, Briona Simone Jones (2021) 3800:Violence against LGBT people 3701:Prejudice and discrimination 3517:Homosexuality and psychology 3194:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014 3129:Florida orange juice boycott 2843:Sexual practices between men 2733:Erotic target location error 890:Blue Metropolis Violet Prize 790:Gay and lesbian Philadelphia 3918:African-American literature 3562:Sexual orientation identity 3383:Transgender rights movement 2753:Gender and sexual diversity 2122:Queerplatonic relationships 295:, Ann Allen Shockley (1982) 270:The Women of Brewster Place 265:, Ann Allen Shockley (1980) 90:African American literature 49:the claims made and adding 3964: 3738:Grooming conspiracy theory 3687:Homosexuality and religion 2960:History of same-sex unions 1154:Other literature and media 407:Not Everything Is A Eulogy 352:Coffee Will Make You Black 3933:LGBT and multiculturalism 3871: 3604: 3579: 3487: 3473: 3302:Censorship of LGBT issues 3242: 3225: 3042:First homosexual movement 2911: 2898: 2839:Men who have sex with men 2592: 2351: 2338: 2311: 1947: 1943: 1921: 1847: 1825: 1731: 1719:cross-dressing characters 1714:Gay characters in fiction 1512: 1467:Children's TV programming 900:Gaylactic Spectrum Awards 853: 461:Combahee River Collective 403:, LaShonda Barnett (1999) 263:The Black and White of It 209:The Black and White of It 163:Combahee River Collective 3670:Suicide among LGBT youth 3522:Homosexuality in the DSM 3159:Bar Abanicos police raid 3139:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 3112:Festival of Light action 3092:Compton's Cafeteria riot 2925:History of homosexuality 2391:Non-binary / genderqueer 2248:Gay flag of South Africa 1852:LGBT topics in education 916:Gaylaxicon SF convention 399:"Miss Hannah's Lesson," 293:Say Jesus and Come to Me 213:Say Jesus and Come to Me 82:Black lesbian literature 3677:Monuments and memorials 3665:Suicides of LGBT people 3402:Commonwealth of Nations 3234:Rights and legal issues 2873:Transgender health care 1096:List of lesbian fiction 646:Smith, Barbara (1983). 551:List of lesbian fiction 3943:African-American women 3648:LGBT rights opposition 3557:Split attraction model 3060:Dance of the Forty-One 2971:Category:LGBTQ history 2940:LGBTQ history timeline 2848:Sex–gender distinction 2798:Human female sexuality 2137:Same-sex relationships 1257:Modern written fiction 1126:Transgender literature 787:Nickels, Thom (2002). 322:"The Champagne Lady," 3435:LGBT rights activists 3412:LGBT rights movements 3392:Yogyakarta Principles 3351:Assisted reproduction 3329:Intersex human rights 3189:Russian anti-LGBT law 2935:History of lesbianism 2396:Queer heterosexuality 875:Lambda Literary Award 418:Under the Udala Trees 207:with two more books, 191:. Published in 1974, 146:Civil Rights Movement 3718:Anti-gender movement 3154:Tasty nightclub raid 3102:Gay Liberation Front 2803:Human male sexuality 2679:Romantic orientation 2478:Balkan sworn virgins 2376:Gender nonconformity 1171:Bisexual pornography 885:Bisexual Book Awards 880:Stonewall Book Award 541:Lesbian pulp fiction 512:, Audre Lorde (1984) 126:class discrimination 3653:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 2768:Gender essentialism 2566:Sexual orientations 1234:Single-gender world 1212:Speculative fiction 895:Dayne Ogilvie Prize 729:10.1353/nwsa.0.0116 717:Feminist Formations 665:. pp. 242–251. 650:. pp. 190–201. 570:(includes lesbian, 556:Bisexual literature 439:i shimmer sometimes 330:Living as a Lesbian 324:Hatshepsut's Legacy 3938:Fictional lesbians 3923:Lesbian literature 3753:Liberal homophobia 3610:Societal attitudes 3588:Societal attitudes 3552:Conversion therapy 3480:Sexual orientation 3440:Rainbow capitalism 3430:LGBT rights groups 3339:Same-sex parenting 3290:LGBT rights topics 3003:pre-Columbian Peru 2684:Same gender loving 2330:Sexual diversities 1984:Bisexual community 1072:Lesbian literature 931:Saints and Sinners 795:Arcadia Publishing 531:Lesbian literature 433:Nicole Dennis-Benn 429:Here Comes the Sun 366:Catherine McKinley 257:Ann Allen Shockley 180:Lesbian separatism 95:Ann Allen Shockley 86:lesbian literature 34:possibly contains 3905: 3904: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3843:Stop Murder Music 3643:Gay panic defense 3623:Heteronormativity 3575: 3574: 3542:Prenatal hormones 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3356:Same-sex marriage 3317:decriminalization 3221: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3183:Lawrence v. 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Joyce DeLaney 312:The Color Purple 218:The Color Purple 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 51:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3878: 3876: 3859: 3808:Corrective rape 3794: 3696: 3633:Homonationalism 3600: 3571: 3483: 3461: 3406: 3397:La Francophonie 3366:List of couples 3324:Hate crime laws 3285: 3238: 3213: 3163: 3097:Stonewall riots 3046: 3017: 3013:Medieval Europe 2976: 2907: 2886: 2702: 2689:Sexual minority 2607:Gray asexuality 2588: 2547: 2459: 2344:Gender identity 2334: 2299: 2214: 2171: 1939: 1913: 1872:LGBT literature 1843: 1834:Academic fields 1821: 1792: 1762: 1757: 1737: 1735: 1723: 1682: 1634: 1625:LGBT characters 1591: 1572:Cartoon Network 1556: 1508: 1442: 1432: 1355: 1238: 1229:Anime and manga 1180: 1149: 1120: 1066: 986: 940: 904: 870:Triangle Awards 858: 849: 843: 813: 812: 805: 786: 785: 781: 771: 770: 766: 757: 756: 752: 714: 713: 709: 700: 699: 695: 688: 675: 674: 670: 660: 659: 655: 645: 644: 640: 630: 629: 625: 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2040: 2035: 2033:Film festivals 2030: 2029: 2028: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2004:Cross-dressing 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1954: 1948: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1926: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1857:Gender studies 1854: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1830: 1823: 1822: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1776: 1768: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1745: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1279: 1274: 1264: 1262:Animated films 1259: 1253: 1251: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1122: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1004: 1002: 999:Gay literature 992: 988: 987: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 946: 942: 941: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 921:Film festivals 918: 912: 910: 906: 905: 903: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 866: 864: 860: 859: 854: 851: 850: 844: 842: 841: 834: 827: 819: 811: 810: 803: 797:. p. 74. 779: 764: 750: 707: 693: 686: 668: 653: 638: 623: 593: 592: 590: 587: 586: 585: 579: 565: 562:Gay literature 559: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 526: 523: 522: 521: 513: 507: 504:Anita Cornwell 497: 485: 482: 479: 476: 465:Demita Frazier 455: 452: 451: 450: 436: 426: 414: 404: 397: 387: 373: 359: 356:April Sinclair 349: 337: 327: 320: 308: 296: 290: 287:Ntozake Shange 278: 266: 260: 246: 243: 241: 238: 230:Anita Cornwell 168:Demita Frazier 138:Black Feminist 133: 130: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3960: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3898: 3897: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3785:Transmisogyny 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:Rainbow Night 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077:Cadet scandal 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2993:Ancient Egypt 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2917:LGBTQ history 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2863:Straight ally 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2793:Hermaphrodite 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2763:Gender binary 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2612:Demisexuality 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:Gender bender 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2205:Pink triangle 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2090:Organizations 2088: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1910: 1909:Transfeminism 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1899:Queer studies 1897: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1754: 1746: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1439: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1192:Homoeroticism 1190: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028:Slash fiction 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: 989: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 947: 943: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 911: 907: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 865: 861: 857: 856:LGBTQ writers 852: 847: 840: 835: 833: 828: 826: 821: 820: 817: 806: 804:0-7385-1000-9 800: 796: 792: 791: 783: 780: 775: 768: 765: 760: 754: 751: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 711: 708: 703: 697: 694: 689: 687:0-8476-8346-X 683: 679: 672: 669: 664: 657: 654: 649: 642: 639: 634: 627: 624: 619: 613: 605: 598: 595: 588: 583: 580: 577: 573: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 524: 519: 518: 514: 511: 508: 505: 501: 498: 495: 494:Barbara Smith 491: 490: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 473:Barbara Smith 470: 469:Beverly Smith 466: 462: 458: 457: 453: 448: 444: 440: 437: 434: 430: 427: 424: 420: 419: 415: 412: 408: 405: 402: 398: 395: 394:Lisa C. Moore 391: 388: 385: 381: 377: 374: 371: 367: 363: 360: 357: 353: 350: 347: 346:Jewelle Gomez 343: 342: 338: 335: 334:Cheryl Clarke 331: 328: 325: 321: 318: 314: 313: 309: 306: 302: 301: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 283: 279: 276: 275:Gloria Naylor 272: 271: 267: 264: 261: 258: 254: 253: 249: 248: 244: 240:Notable works 239: 237: 235: 231: 227: 225: 220: 219: 214: 210: 206: 201: 199: 194: 190: 189: 183: 181: 177: 176:Barbara Smith 173: 172:Beverly Smith 169: 164: 159: 155: 152: 147: 143: 139: 131: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 110: 108: 107:Barbara Smith 104: 103:Cheryl Clarke 100: 96: 91: 87: 83: 73: 70: 62: 52: 48: 44: 38: 37: 30: 21: 20: 3894: 3875: 3775:Riddle scale 3743:Heterosexism 3682:Queerbaiting 3537:Neuroscience 3527:Kinsey scale 3502:Demographics 3199:Rainbow wave 3181: 3169:21st century 3121: 3064: 3052:20th century 3024:19th century 3008:Ancient Rome 2969: 2819: 2812: 2783:Gender roles 2723:Detransition 2696: / 2597:Aromanticism 2115:Pride parade 2043:Gay-friendly 1904:Queer theory 1613:by storyline 1565:Animation on 1411:in animation 1394:in animation 1382:in animation 1315:2020–present 1185:LGBTQ themes 1101:Pulp fiction 1040:Teen fiction 1023:Pulp fiction 789: 782: 773: 767: 753: 723:(1): 57–75. 720: 716: 710: 696: 677: 671: 662: 656: 647: 641: 632: 626: 603: 597: 546:Yuri (genre) 515: 509: 499: 487: 442: 438: 428: 416: 406: 400: 389: 384:Dionne Brand 379: 375: 361: 351: 339: 329: 323: 317:Alice Walker 310: 298: 292: 280: 269: 262: 250: 233: 222: 216: 212: 208: 204: 202: 197: 192: 186: 184: 160: 156: 135: 111: 81: 80: 65: 56: 33: 3818:Gay bashing 3790:Transphobia 3723:AIDS stigma 3638:Pinkwashing 3512:Environment 3497:Birth order 3037:Section 377 3032:Molly house 2674:Questioning 2498:Femminiello 2428:Trans woman 2423:Transsexual 2406:Transgender 2295:Transgender 2220:Pride flags 2110:Pride Month 2078:Periodicals 2038:Gay village 1887:Transgender 1807:transgender 1603:LGBTQ films 1587:Nickelodeon 1545:transgender 1526:Characters 1482:1960s–2000s 1428:Transgender 1360:By identity 1339:Video games 1329:Soap operas 1324:Graphic art 1272:1960s–1980s 1224:Video games 1145:Pornography 1106:Pornography 1057:Pornography 967:El Salvador 926:Naked Heart 463:Statement, 454:Non-Fiction 305:Audre Lorde 99:Audre Lorde 32:This table 3912:Categories 3748:Homophobia 3532:Klein Grid 3445:Separatism 3149:Section 28 3087:Sea queens 2814:Androgynos 2728:Effeminacy 2654:Monosexual 2629:Bi-curious 2602:Asexuality 2584:Homosexual 2538:Two-spirit 2523:Mukhannath 2488:Faʻafafine 2455:Xenogender 2273:Non-binary 2053:Literature 2014:Drag queen 1994:Coming out 1989:Businesses 1894:Psychology 1441:Television 1418:Non-binary 1033:Omegaverse 945:By country 589:References 252:Loving Her 205:Loving Her 198:Loving Her 193:Loving Her 188:Loving Her 122:homophobia 59:April 2018 43:improve it 3733:Gayphobia 3713:Acephobia 3708:Arophobia 3592:Prejudice 3420:Homophile 3373:Socialism 2965:Pederasty 2945:Migration 2743:Ex-ex-gay 2664:Pansexual 2493:Fakaleitī 2418:Trans man 2411:Akava'ine 2366:Cisgender 2356:Androgyny 2278:Pansexual 2228:Aromantic 2157:Takatāpui 2083:Portrayal 2009:Drag king 1930:Community 1839:Discourse 1492:2016–2019 1487:2010–2015 1443:and radio 1423:Pansexual 1372:Aromantic 1334:Webcomics 1267:Animation 1250:By medium 1207:Mythology 1128:and media 1074:and media 1013:BL dramas 1001:and media 952:Argentina 909:Festivals 745:201796772 612:cite book 47:verifying 3896:Category 3728:Biphobia 3596:Violence 3361:Timeline 3344:Adoption 3261:Americas 3022:16th to 2808:Intersex 2718:Acronyms 2579:Bisexual 2533:Travesti 2433:Mak nyah 2258:Intersex 2243:Bisexual 1962:Literary 1803:bisexual 1753:Category 1630:Intersex 1550:intersex 1540:bisexual 1522:Episodes 1450:By genre 1401:Intersex 1377:Bisexual 1166:Intersex 1161:Bisexual 1091:Femslash 991:By media 957:Colombia 737:40835344 576:bisexual 525:See also 380:Not Here 144:and the 132:Overview 3492:Biology 3455:Lesbian 3276:Oceania 2905:History 2711:Related 2649:Lesbian 2639:Gay men 2574:Asexual 2508:Kathoey 2381:Khanith 2283:Rainbow 2268:Lesbian 2263:Leather 2253:Gay men 2233:Asexual 2190:Gaysper 2177:Symbols 2167:Tourism 2162:Theatre 2147:Slogans 1977:Lesbian 1952:Anthems 1935:Culture 1882:Lesbian 1795:Lesbian 1639:History 1618:by year 1582:Netflix 1530:lesbian 1462:TV film 1406:Lesbian 1367:Asexual 1305:2015–19 1300:2010–14 1290:2005–09 1285:2000–04 1086:Erotica 1081:Class S 972:Iceland 962:Ecuador 848:fiction 245:Fiction 41:Please 3770:Racism 3271:Europe 3256:Africa 3144:ACT UP 2868:Tomboy 2821:Tumtum 2748:Female 2738:Ex-gay 2624:Banjee 2543:Winkte 2401:Theyby 2200:Lambda 2195:Labrys 2152:Sports 2132:Rodeos 2095:People 2021:Events 1957:Awards 1819:topics 1577:Disney 1504:Horror 1457:Comedy 1311:2020s 1296:2010s 1281:2000s 1202:Horror 1197:Comics 1050:Danmei 977:Mexico 863:Awards 801:  743:  735:  684:  506:(1983) 496:(1983) 475:(1977) 471:, and 449:(2019) 435:(2016) 425:(2015) 413:(2015) 396:(1997) 386:(1996) 372:(1995) 358:(1994) 348:(1991) 336:(1986) 319:(1982) 307:(1982) 289:(1982) 277:(1982) 259:(1974) 174:, and 124:, and 118:sexism 114:racism 105:, and 2669:Queer 2513:Köçek 2503:Hijra 2483:Bissu 2473:Bakla 2450:Womyn 2445:Womxn 2440:Woman 2142:Slang 2105:Pride 2068:Films 2063:Media 2058:Music 2048:Icons 1968:Bars 1815:LGBTQ 1811:queer 1687:Other 1669:2020s 1664:2010s 1659:2000s 1654:1990s 1517:Shows 1497:2020s 1477:Drama 1349:2020s 1344:2010s 1277:1990s 982:Spain 741:S2CID 733:JSTOR 3266:Asia 2834:Male 2528:Muxe 2518:Māhū 2238:Bear 2100:Pets 1809:and 1596:Film 1217:list 1111:Yuri 1045:Yaoi 1008:Bara 799:ISBN 682:ISBN 618:link 459:The 368:and 88:and 3450:Gay 2698:Dee 2694:Tom 2634:Gay 2386:Man 2361:Boi 1972:Gay 1877:Gay 1799:gay 1535:gay 1389:Gay 725:doi 572:gay 443:too 45:by 3914:: 2880:/ 2841:/ 1817:) 1805:, 1801:, 1797:, 793:. 739:. 731:. 721:22 719:. 614:}} 610:{{ 574:, 502:, 492:, 467:, 445:, 441:, 431:, 421:, 409:, 392:, 382:, 378:, 364:, 354:, 344:, 332:, 315:, 303:, 273:, 255:, 236:. 170:, 128:. 120:, 116:, 109:. 101:, 97:, 3390:/ 1813:( 1787:e 1780:t 1773:v 838:e 831:t 824:v 807:. 747:. 727:: 704:. 690:. 620:) 284:, 226:. 72:) 66:( 61:) 57:( 39:.

Index

original research
improve it
verifying
inline citations
Learn how and when to remove this message
lesbian literature
African American literature
Ann Allen Shockley
Audre Lorde
Cheryl Clarke
Barbara Smith
racism
sexism
homophobia
class discrimination
Black Feminist
feminist movement of the 1960s
Civil Rights Movement
intersectionality
Combahee River Collective
Demita Frazier
Beverly Smith
Barbara Smith
Lesbian separatism
Loving Her
The Color Purple
Zami: A New Spelling of My Name
Anita Cornwell
Loving Her
Ann Allen Shockley

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