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539:. Since the United Kingdomâs Action for Cities, Franceâs ReconquĂȘte Urbaine and Germanyâs StĂ€dtebauförderung have been put in place, these urbanization policies have built a stronger foundation and better utilized urban spaces. These policies allow countries to expand further, economically, just as Germany has done.
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If current trends of urbanization continue, 72% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050. This creates the need for the preparation of
European countries to improve themselves to deal with the capacity of people that will move into the cities. Since the rapid increase of urbanization and
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as its northern stem. A study of the history of the Blue Banana as a concept refers to the commission's study as a mistaken rejection of the Blue Banana from Brunet's original conception. From the research on the commission's behalf, the Blue Banana represented a developed core at the expense of the
469:
Brunet saw the "European
Backbone" as the development of historical precedents, e.g. trade routes, or as the consequence of an accumulation of industrial capital. In his analysis, Brunet excluded the Paris urban area and other French conurbations because of French economic insularity. His aim was a
436:
The French geographer Roger Brunet, who observed a division between "active" and "passive" spaces, developed the concept of a West
European "backbone" in 1989. He made reference to an urban corridor of industry and services stretching from northern England to northern Italy. The name "Blue Banana"
546:
Due to urbanization, the Blue Banana has become larger in size, branching outwards in a star shape. Despite this, the Blue Banana still remains the core of the conurbation. Although the Blue Banana may not have the same formation it had decades ago, it still holds Europeâs largest gathering of
534:
In recent years, the Blue Banana has been shifting north towards
Germany, as industrialization draws in new populations towards the Northern European countries. Rapid urbanization led to an increase in slums and poverty stricken areas, which pushed European countries to implement new policies
485:, researchers criticized the idea of the Blue Banana as a desirable formation, but not an empirical reality, identifying it as the result of regional competition in Europe. Furthermore, their diagram of the Blue Banana had more of a curve, still including Northern Italy, but ending at
494:
periphery, whereas Brunet empirically viewed the Blue Banana as a region of development at Paris's periphery, beyond the French borders. There are also considerations for an economically strong
European pentagon with its borders
892:
688:
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Karl-Peter Schön: EinfĂŒhrung. Das EuropĂ€ische
Raumentwicklungskonzept und die Raumordnung in Deutschland. In: Bundesamt fĂŒr Bauwesen und Raumordnung: Informationen zur Raumentwicklung, H. 3/4. Bonn: (2000).
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765:. 42nd EUROPEAN CONGRESS of the Regional Science Association Young Scientist Session â Submission for EPAINOS Award 27â31 August 2002. Dortmund, Germany.
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greater economic integration in Europe, but he felt that France had lost this connection by the 17th century as a result of its persecution of
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European Union regions by GDP in percentage of the EU average, showing the wealthiest regions are concentrated in the Blue Banana
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Population density in Europe in 1994, showing the highest density along the Blue Banana
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more people moving to cities, the banana is growing instead of shifting.
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and centralisation in Paris. Later versions do, however, include Paris.
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793:"Beyond the Blue Banana? Structural Change in Europe's Geo-Economy"
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Beyond the Blue Banana? Structural Change in Europe's Geo-Economy
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De Graaf, Reinier; Baird, Laura (2014). "Megalopoli(tic)s".
889:"No more Blue Banana, Europe's industrial heart moves east"
914:
Kunzmann, Klaus R.; Wegener, Michael (September 1991).
599:
List of metropolitan areas in the
European Union by GDP
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In 1991, in the context of a study on behalf of the
172:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
448:, and an artist adding a graphic to an article by
1106:Geza, TĂłth; Nagy, ZoltĂĄn; Kincses, Ăron (2014).
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846:
916:"The pattern of urbanization in Western Europe"
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1015:"On the Possible Future West European Capital"
691:. Eu-partner.com. 3 March 2011. Archived from
720:Les villes europeénnes: Rapport pour la DATAR
637:- an economically depressed region of Denmark
547:people, industry, money, and economic power.
8:
1110:. SaarbrĂŒcken: Lambert Academic Publishing.
855:"The Blue Banana - the True Heart of Europe"
712:
710:
663:"The Blue Banana - the True Heart of Europe"
73:Learn how and when to remove these messages
657:
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514:, with development axes towards the east (
27:High population and GDP corridor in Europe
859:Big Think: Your Daily Microdose of Genius
250:Learn how and when to remove this message
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1194:Metropolitan areas of the European Union
972:European Journal of Spatial Development
651:
606:â a similar region in the United States
1199:Urban studies and planning terminology
1135:"Lignes de force de l'espace Européen"
489:. It also included Paris, and had the
944:from the original on 15 December 2017
7:
737:from the original on 8 February 2021
458:. The color blue referred to either
170:adding citations to reliable sources
853:Jacobs, Frank (31 December 2014).
831:from the original on 18 March 2020
772:from the original on 18 March 2020
723:(in French). Montpellier: RECLUS.
466:of factory workers in the region.
460:the flag of the European Community
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895:from the original on 4 March 2018
865:from the original on 8 March 2018
314:, is a discontinuous corridor of
54:This article has multiple issues.
1061:from the original on 11 May 2022
669:from the original on 3 June 2022
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333:It stretches approximately from
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157:needs additional citations for
62:or discuss these issues on the
963:Faludi, Andreas (March 2015).
887:Taylor, Paul (15 March 2015).
1:
965:"The 'Blue Banana' Revisited"
1133:Brunet, Roger (April 2002).
347:European Metropolis of Lille
110:the claims made and adding
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1179:Economic regions of Europe
1108:European Spatial Structure
689:"The European Blue Banana"
29:
791:Gert-Jan Hospers (2003).
756:Gert-Jan Hospers (2002).
1013:PalomÀki, Mauri (1991).
573:Belt and Road Initiative
530:Shift of the Blue Banana
1189:Geographical neologisms
1154:10.3406/mappe.2002.1759
1184:Demographics of Europe
1116:10.13140/2.1.1560.2247
861:. The Big Think, Inc.
717:Brunet, Roger (1989).
583:Four Motors for Europe
578:Demographics of Europe
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641:RhineâAlpine Corridor
604:Northeast megalopolis
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364:and along the German
306:), also known as the
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665:. 31 December 2014.
337:through the English
312:LiverpoolâMilan Axis
308:European Megalopolis
166:improve this article
620:Kingdom of Burgundy
615:History of Burgundy
479:European Commission
30:For the fruit, see
1031:10.1007/BF00189026
985:on 25 January 2018
814:10.1007/BF03031774
481:in support of its
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335:North West England
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1125:978-3-659-64559-4
730:978-2-11-002200-4
695:on 6 October 2014
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181:"Blue Banana"
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808:(2): 76â85.
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776:27 September
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699:14 September
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
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671:. Retrieved
630:Spanish Road
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464:blue collars
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450:Josette Alia
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316:urbanization
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296:Blaue Banane
288:banane bleue
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164:Please help
159:verification
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891:. Reuters.
442: [
386:Switzerland
272:Blue Banana
120:August 2011
18:Blue banana
1173:Categories
1142:Mappemonde
1019:GeoJournal
647:References
535:regarding
304:banana blu
192:newspapers
104:improve it
59:improve it
1162:250514671
1055:189888460
1039:0343-2521
487:Barcelona
472:Huguenots
462:, or the
366:Rhineland
108:verifying
65:talk page
1090:43631053
1059:Archived
1047:41145198
939:Archived
935:12317364
923:Ekistics
893:Archived
863:Archived
826:Archived
822:52214602
767:Archived
735:Archived
667:Archived
551:See also
362:Brussels
358:Randstad
339:Midlands
1100:Sources
989:3 March
948:4 March
899:4 March
869:4 March
835:5 March
741:4 March
592:French
524:Trieste
504:Hamburg
416:History
378:Moselle
351:Benelux
345:to the
341:across
320:Western
310:or the
300:Italian
206:scholar
102:Please
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516:Berlin
508:Munich
500:London
408:, and
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382:France
374:Alsace
349:, the
292:German
284:French
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1158:S2CID
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1086:JSTOR
1051:S2CID
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512:Milan
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396:) to
390:Basel
355:Dutch
276:Dutch
213:JSTOR
199:books
1120:ISBN
1067:2022
1035:ISSN
991:2018
950:2018
931:PMID
901:2018
871:2018
837:2010
778:2006
743:2018
725:ISBN
701:2013
675:2022
510:and
392:and
360:and
322:and
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185:news
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