1011:
2216:
524:
1498:
28:
1575:
1347:
256:
1891:
235:
2754:
1280:
4280:
1508:
734:
1966:
assuming at the local level some of the power that was previously solely commanded by the Sultan of
Majeerteenia, the titular head of the entire confederation. Although they nominally asserted independence from the sultanate, Islaan's mainly wielded religious rather than political
802:
535:
604:
and/or tax and revenue collector. Title used in the northern
Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo, as well as the southern Ajuran Sultanate. Wazirs were also quite common at the royal court of the medieval Sultanate of Mogadishu. When the
1977:
clan that today forms one of the largest constituencies in southern
Somalia, in addition to a few sympatric clans. Usually assigned to the Herabow sub-lineage, from which two male constituents were selected to manage the group's military
3912:
398:: Often employed interchangeably with "Suldaan" to denote a Sultan. Etymologically signifies "wisdom", "mind" or "understanding". According to Basset (1952), the title corresponds with the honorific
3950:
2114:
on the southeastern
Benadir littoral was named for the late Sheikh 'Ismaan, whose tomb is found there. Surveys by A.T. Curle in 1934 on several of these important ruined cities recovered various
3905:
3898:
1870:
4070:
1010:
4105:
4100:
2126:, which point to a medieval period of activity at the tail end of the Sultanate of Adal's reign. Somaliland and northeastern Somalia in general is home to numerous such
812:
Islamic leaders within Somali society were often drawn from or elevated to the noble ranks. Below is a list of the titles most often used historically by the clergymen (
4974:
3321:
3967:
3962:
1919:
2717:
2541:
1536:
4183:
1308:
2610:
4023:
1460:
713:
3335:
138:
or
English "Ruler". Very common title for rulers in the pre-colonial and colonial periods; used throughout the Somali territories, particularly by the
4065:
4018:
3943:
1876:
2837:
284:: Authentic Somali term for "Sultan". Used throughout the northern and western Somali territories; particularly in the Somali region of Ethiopia and
2570:
948:): Historically used to distinguish descendants of Hassan 'Ali Abuu Taalib (Hasan ibn Ali). Often reserved for early Islamic leaders such as Sharif
178:, described as a sovereign ruler of immense influence and a man of mercurial image by the historian I.M. Lewis, would change the court title of the
692:: Denotes a Chief Judge. Especially common title in Somaliland, but also used in the southern Ajuran Sultanate. Prominent Qadis include Ismail ibn
4236:
4143:
4093:
4045:
2746:
2654:
2560:
3236:. Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Comitato Tecnico Linguistico per l'Universita Nazionale Somala.
4223:
4058:
4038:
1858:
1784:
1466:
2378:
4053:
4005:
3995:
3827:
3764:
3722:
3451:
3252:
3159:
854:
4110:
2473:
2215:
830:
4608:
1912:
3304:
IFLA Committee on
Cataloguing, IFLA International Office for UBC., IFLA International Programme for UBC., IFLA UBCIM Programme (1987).
3385:
2493:
2433:
850:
474:, also known as Ahmed Gurey or Gran (both meaning "the Left Handed"), who led a military campaign during the Middle Ages known as the
3538:
3138:
3050:
2861:
2820:
2710:
2671:
2483:
1529:
4797:
4176:
3955:
1301:
1253:
2090:". Reserved for learned Islamic clerics, and used throughout the Somali territories. During his research in the ancient town of
4033:
3921:
3040:
1259:
2453:
3938:
3848:
3806:
3785:
3743:
3677:
3601:
3478:
3214:
3111:
3023:
2976:
2799:
Correspondence respecting the Rising of Mullah
Muhammed Abdullah in Somaliland, and consequent military operations, 1899–1901
1905:
1840:
1554:
1241:
684:, which was collected by court soldiers. Style was used in the Ajuran Sultanate, Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo.
2423:
1984:: From the Arabic for "wise man". A common title for male elders, who are the traditional clan chiefs. Used particularly in
4959:
4853:
4820:
4772:
4667:
4128:
3441:
1265:
1247:
2600:
2580:
4230:
2703:
2664:
2659:
2644:
2503:
2299:
2195:
1790:
1522:
1326:
4949:
4301:
4246:
4169:
3972:
2736:
2260:
1294:
990:
2550:
1149:
1574:
4944:
4650:
2346:
1834:
1772:
1235:
1204:
1059:
949:
471:
319:
terms for "belt", in recognition of the official's unifying role within society. According to
Kobishchanow (1987),
625:, and other officials at his service. Other notable wazirs include the maternal grandfather of the Somali General
4456:
4370:
4150:
1760:
1198:
324:
1962:
region since at least the 14th century. A general process of decentralization ensued, with new leaders known as
4735:
4642:
3128:
2590:
1852:
933:
902:
838:
648:
475:
3339:
1346:
4505:
4499:
4492:
3990:
2443:
1125:
523:
2324:
1688:
4749:
3620:
Patricians of the
Benaadir: Islamic learning, commerce and Somali urban identity in the nineteenth century
2413:
2115:
1829:
1104:
717:
704:, an influential 19th-century diplomat, historian, poet, jurist and scholar who was appointed Qadi of the
313:
187:
143:
3798:
A Pastoral
Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
3042:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
2812:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
4969:
4964:
4954:
4571:
3880:
3860:
1805:
1778:
1742:
1701:
1663:
1622:
1584:
1563:
878:
601:
102:
643:. Style reserved for court officials governing territory on behalf of their Kingdom was mostly used by
4787:
4241:
4123:
4000:
2232:
1714:
1155:
1137:
701:
626:
383:
155:
4755:
4701:
4637:
4566:
4528:
2741:
2688:
2649:
2513:
2463:
2403:
2204:
2127:
1817:
1766:
1591:
1335:
834:
211:
4815:
4782:
4660:
4655:
4632:
4477:
4391:
4338:
3982:
3315:
2095:
2083:
1754:
1219:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1161:
1118:
1079:
1047:
1020:
999:
545:
308:
238:
203:
191:
183:
171:
147:
87:
4218:
3890:
3565:
1932:
Below is a list of the titles traditionally employed by leaders and officials within the Somali
443:
27:
498:: Used by leaders in the Adal Sultanate. Also employed by commanders in the Ajuran Sultanate's
4762:
4740:
4730:
4725:
4696:
4691:
4365:
4263:
3844:
3823:
3802:
3781:
3760:
3739:
3718:
3673:
3597:
3534:
3474:
3447:
3381:
3210:
3178:
3134:
3107:
3046:
3019:
2972:
2816:
2681:
2289:
1895:
1454:
1419:
1086:
925:
870:
541:
259:
234:
199:
3817:
3754:
3593:
3587:
3307:
International cataloguing: quarterly bulletin of the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, Volume 11
4807:
4802:
4706:
4626:
4594:
4577:
4561:
4386:
4315:
4088:
4013:
2358:
2334:
2269:
1641:
1431:
1098:
742:
693:
677:
618:
560:. Honorific set aside for the hereditary son of the King or Sultan. Notable Princes include
499:
483:
467:
219:
215:
2838:"Video: Ugaaska Gaaljecel oo war cusub kasoo saaray kiiska Ikraan, fariin u diray Farmaajo"
801:
629:, who was part of the Sultanate of Hobyo's aristocratic contingent in the southern town of
4777:
4603:
4555:
4423:
3884:
3864:
3191:
2368:
1823:
1708:
1646:
1396:
1229:
1131:
917:
906:
882:
721:
709:
705:
583:
534:
503:
439:
316:
255:
182:
Sultanate from Gerad to Sultan after taking over the reign from his ailing father; Sultan
167:
163:
131:
42:
34:
3735:
The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900
2110:), it denoted the final resting place of a local saint. Similarly, the ancient island of
4767:
4685:
4621:
4615:
4517:
4511:
4451:
4322:
4115:
4078:
2758:
2676:
2171:
2064:
1959:
1846:
1682:
1676:
1512:
1425:
1284:
1143:
1092:
961:
842:
569:
487:
463:
459:
379:
151:
4938:
4913:
4522:
3711:
2279:
2183:
1955:
1954:: Clan chief. Title evolved after the fragmentation in the 18th century of the great
1933:
1502:
1437:
929:
913:
762:
746:
656:
644:
579:
227:
207:
159:
99:
77:
53:
3066:
2135:
1670:
1629:
1413:
1384:
1033:
921:
565:
355:
4908:
3336:"Scholars Biographies - 15th Century - Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abdullaah as-Sumaalee"
289:
3838:
3796:
3775:
3733:
3667:
3618:
3528:
3470:
Literature of Somali onomastics & proverbs with comparison of foreign sayings
3468:
3375:
3305:
3267:
3231:
3013:
2996:
2966:
2922:
2810:
288:, but also in central Somalia, southern and northeastern Somalia. The Gadabursi,
4890:
4845:
4482:
2907:
2155:
2147:
2111:
2078:
862:
610:
431:
331:
110:
4882:
2921:
Westermann, Diedrich; Smith, Edwin William; Forde, Cyril Daryll (2007-01-01).
2620:
2523:
2139:
1985:
1864:
1635:
1390:
1054:
738:
527:
423:
419:
387:
285:
249:
223:
195:
179:
175:
4864:
4268:
2034:
1974:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1027:
858:
614:
561:
339:
293:
274:
69:
4407:
3530:
Mending rips in the sky: options for Somali communities in the 21st century
4279:
2887:"Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasiin oo Muqdisho kula kulmay odayaal dhaqan(Sawiro)"
2006:
972:: Honorific reserved for distinguished individuals who have performed the
4919:
4792:
4310:
4253:
4203:
4192:
3930:
2179:
1484:
1361:
909:
783:
697:
668:
411:
390:
as the law of the King and the 100 men' (heerka boqorka iyo boqolka nin).
371:
359:
106:
786:. Honorific set aside for the hereditary daughter of the King or Sultan.
312:
or "King of Kings". The title is etymologically derived from one of the
4836:
4487:
4429:
2242:
2163:
2159:
2119:
2054:
1724:
1650:
1367:
733:
681:
680:
or representative of the Sultan. Duties included the administration of
652:
640:
630:
606:
427:
375:
367:
3278:. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Linguistics: 97
873:, polemicist, theologian and philosopher best known for his five-part
621:
origin, who had a retinue of wazirs, legal experts, commanders, royal
4413:
4161:
2175:
2151:
2131:
2107:
2103:
2044:
2024:
1728:
1065:
940:
893:
865:, 19th-century scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist who authored
821:
622:
596:
557:
455:
403:
270:
245:
135:
65:
57:
17:
617:
in 1331, he indicated that the city was ruled by a Somali sultan of
454:: Denotes the Head of State. Style was used especially by rulers Of
218:
that ruled large parts of East Africa form14th-century to 17th. The
76:
notables as well as traditional leaders and officials within Somali
956:
or the "Blessed Father"), a man described as "the most outstanding
386:(Majeerteenia) during its 19th-century heyday. Also used among the
4900:
2167:
2143:
2010:
1720:
968:
957:
886:
846:
813:
507:
407:
394:
366:, denoting "kingship". Historically, the title was mainly used by
335:
170:, who was an anti-colonial figure in the mid-20th century; Sultan
139:
73:
61:
3173:
Ahmed III, Abdul. "History of Somali Military Personnel". THOAPI.
761:: Literally translates as "Queen". Title mainly reserved for the
4872:
4400:
3268:"From verb to clitic and nominal suffix: The Somali -e,-o nouns"
2123:
2091:
1938:
973:
898:
688:
494:
450:
303:
82:
4165:
3894:
2886:
889:
who influenced many of the prominent Islamic scholars of today.
2087:
186:
reigned in the early 19th century as one of the Gerads of the
142:. Famous Sultans include Fakr ad-Din, the first Sultan of the
3877:
3857:
964:
was also a notable Sharif and Somali scholar from Mogadishu.
296:
gave their sultan the title of "Ugaas" romanized as "Ughaz".
2968:
Early State Dynamics, Volume 2 of Studies in Human Society
1973:: Signifies "War Leader". Historically used mainly by the
3819:
Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society
3589:
Rebuilding Somalia: issues and possibilities for Puntland
3364:, (University of California Press: 2006), Berkeley. p.149
2013:
in xeer hearings. Used throughout the Somali territories.
857:, scholar who played a crucial role in the spread of the
190:, which is the longest of all Somali sultanates; Sultan
3158:
harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFLaitinSamatar1987 (
578:: Alternate court style for the Prince. A term used by
3840:
Somali Sultanate: the Geledi city-state over 150 years
3756:
Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience
647:
that established many colonies and a famous ruler was
486:
who led the Inmate Of hiraab is one of famous imam in
829:). Often abbreviated to "Sh". Famous Sheikhs include
3230:
Axmed Faarax Cali, Francesco Antinucci, ed. (1986).
2862:"Daawo: Ugaaska Gaaljecel oo war cusub kasoo saaray"
1871:
Peace treaties of the Somaliland War of Independence
4899:
4881:
4863:
4844:
4835:
4716:
4678:
4587:
4548:
4541:
4467:
4441:
4379:
4358:
4351:
4331:
4294:
4287:
4211:
3981:
3929:
792:: Alternate court style for the Prince or Princess.
3710:
3696:, (Trade & Travel Publications: 1994), p.640.
3648:G.W.B. Huntingford, "The Town of Amud, Somalia",
3473:. Gobaad Communications & Press. p. 59.
2098:noticed that whenever an old site had the prefix
214:. The title, Suldaan was used by the influential
3251:harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFLaitin1977 (
2005:): Literally "elder". The most common title for
905:". Denotes males accepted as descendants of the
350:, signifying "monarchy", "kingdom" or "empire";
222:center of power was the House of Garen. Suldaan
808:Ali Ayanle Samatar, a prominent Islamic leader.
378:. The most prominent Boqor in recent times was
3012:R. David Paul Zorc, Abdullahi A. Issa (1990).
1958:confederation that dominated the northeastern
833:, an early Muslim leader in northern Somalia;
664:: Alternate court title designating a Viceroy.
226:was the last of Ajuran Dynasty that ruled the
4177:
3906:
3801:. James Currey Publishers. pp. 203–204.
3774:David D. Laitin, Said Sheikh Samatar (1987).
3153:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2711:
2086:meaning "honorable", "venerable", or simply "
1913:
1530:
1302:
430:in the 20th century. It is still used by the
8:
3527:Adam, Hussein Mohamed; Richard Ford (1997).
3320:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
330:, which was employed by rulers in the early
3669:Mythes et légendes de la Corne de l'Afrique
3399:
3397:
1461:French Territory of the Afars and the Issas
402:, which was used during the Middle Ages by
4841:
4545:
4355:
4291:
4184:
4170:
4162:
3913:
3899:
3891:
3632:
3630:
3623:. University of Pennsylvania. p. 179.
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3493:
3380:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 1045.
3233:Poesia orale somala: storia di una nazione
2990:
2988:
2718:
2704:
2189:
1920:
1906:
1548:
1537:
1523:
1320:
1309:
1295:
984:
976:, or pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.
3415:
90:set aside for distinguished individuals.
3377:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N, Volume 3
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
800:
732:
533:
522:
254:
233:
26:
4975:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3130:A grammar of the Somali Language, p.140
2927:. Oxford University Press. p. 230.
2769:
2747:Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles
2203:
2192:
1562:
1551:
1483:
1474:
1446:
1405:
1376:
1353:
1334:
1323:
998:
987:
825:: Honorific for senior Muslim clerics (
3505:
3313:
3246:
3187:
3176:
582:and a powerful Ajuran princess called
426:until the clan's leadership adopted a
3636:
3427:
3403:
2952:
2787:
861:movement in Somalia and East Africa;
418:was historically employed throughout
194:also held the title as the Sultan of
7:
3777:Somalia: Nation in Search of a State
3738:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
3440:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25).
2885:Abdi, Abdirahman (August 24, 2013).
105:historically retained by the Somali
50:Somali aristocratic and court titles
3207:Essential English-Somali Dictionary
3104:Essential English-Somali Dictionary
3045:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 207.
2942:. University of London. p. 55.
2815:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 204.
52:that were historically used by the
3922:Royal and noble titles and honours
3709:Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001).
3272:Studies in the Linguistic Sciences
3127:Kirk, J. W. C. (31 October 2010).
2102:in its name (such as the ruins of
855:Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla'i
346:as their root. The latter include
306:. However, in practice, it is the
25:
2130:, with similar edifices found at
981:Traditional leaders and officials
920:, sons of the prophet's daughter
831:Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti
4278:
3443:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
3083:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
2752:
2214:
1889:
1573:
1506:
1496:
1345:
1278:
1254:Transitional National Government
1009:
897:: Title of high honour meaning "
877:("The Blessed Collection"); and
422:by the Tol Je'lo as well as the
3759:. University of Chicago Press.
3467:Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006).
3209:. Fiqi Press Ltd. p. 442.
3106:. Fiqi Press Ltd. p. 318.
3085:, (Scarecrow Press: 2003), p.35
3068:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: Gärad
3018:. Dunwoody Press. p. 551.
2995:Maxamed, Maxamed Cabdi (1987).
1260:Transitional Federal Government
158:and one of the founders of the
3713:Culture and customs of Somalia
3533:. Red Sea Press. p. 148.
3338:. Fatwa-Online. Archived from
2971:. Brill Archive. p. 121.
1841:Somaliland War of Independence
41:, the 5th Grand Sultan of the
1:
3586:WSP Somali Programme (2001).
2836:Muuse, Guuleed (2021-09-07).
2067:to enforce the customary law.
2057:in official xeer proceedings.
837:, the patron saint of Harar;
568:, the son and heir of Sultan
146:, who built the 13th-century
3617:Reese, Scott Steven (1996).
3592:. HAAN Associates. pp.
3310:. The Committee. p. 24.
851:Napoleonic invasion of Egypt
530:Ughaz Nur near the age of 80
434:today. Garad also denotes a
3732:Cassanelli, Lee V. (1982).
3039:Lewis, I. M. (1961-01-01).
2965:Claessen, H. J. M. (1987).
2940:Aspects of Somali phonology
2908:"Taariikhdii Ugaas Yaasiin"
2809:Lewis, I. M. (1961-01-01).
2737:Maritime history of Somalia
1859:Declaration of Independence
869:("The Tree of Certitude");
716:; and the father of Sheikh
4991:
3843:. Transaction Publishers.
3154:Laitin & Samatar (1987
2454:Second Italo–Ethiopian War
1835:Somali Democratic Republic
1060:Ancient Somali City-States
510:who built the great wall (
502:. Prominent Emirs include
472:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
4276:
4200:
3837:Luling, Virginia (2002).
3672:. Karthala. p. 263.
3666:Bader, Christian (2000).
2504:Eritrean Independence War
2424:First Italo–Ethiopian War
2027:or legal experts in xeer.
1877:Constitutional referendum
1236:Mohamed Siad Barre regime
928:. Used by leaders in the
3753:David D. Laitin (1977).
3374:Uhlig, Siegbert (2007).
3205:Hashi, Awil Ali (1993).
3102:Hashi, Awil Ali (1993).
2611:Ethiopian civil conflict
2561:Eritrean border conflict
1150:Khedivate's Somali Coast
934:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
839:Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti
724:for the Somali language.
649:Abd al-Aziz of Mogadishu
470:. Notable Imams include
362:" or "dignitaries"; and
273:& 5th leader of the
94:Monarchs and aristocrats
68:. Also included are the
4202:(*) : state where
2998:Lexique somali-français
2494:Federation with Eritrea
2379:Ottoman border conflict
2300:Amda Seyon's Expansions
1791:Sheikh Bashir Rebellion
1242:Somaliland independence
1126:Sultanate of the Geledi
912:through his grandsons,
875:Al-Majmu'at al-mubaraka
446:languages respectively.
323:is also related to the
98:Below is a list of the
3566:"Back to Somali roots"
3266:Kraska, Iwona (1992).
2938:Orwin, Martin (1990).
2551:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
2290:Early Solomonic period
1830:1961 revolt in Somalia
1105:Sultanate of Mogadishu
960:in northern Somalia".
809:
749:
718:Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur
696:, the ancestor of the
549:
531:
342:and designations have
277:
252:
144:Sultanate of Mogadishu
86:), in addition to the
45:
3822:. The Red Sea Press.
3694:East African Handbook
3081:Mohamed Haji Muktar,
2866:Axadle Wararka Maanta
2484:Italian guerrilla war
1896:Somaliland portal
804:
736:
655:islands on behalf of
537:
526:
500:armed forces and navy
476:Conquest of Abyssinia
258:
237:
30:
4960:Gubernatorial titles
4101:Poland and Lithuania
3878:Warsangeli Sultanate
3858:Warsangeli Sultanate
3816:Lewis, I.M. (1998).
3795:Lewis, I.M. (1999).
3342:on 15 September 2012
2317:Early modern history
2186:, among other areas.
2128:archaeological sites
2009:to the clan head or
1715:Habr Yunis Sultanate
1485:Republic of Djibouti
1156:Majeerteen Sultanate
1138:Habr Yunis Sultanate
952:(popularly known as
708:at the age of 18 by
702:Abd al Aziz al-Amawi
627:Abdullahi Ahmed Irro
384:Majeerteen Sultanate
370:in the northeastern
302:: Literally denotes
188:Warsangeli Sultanate
154:, 5th Sultan of the
4264:South Africa (Zulu)
3939:Commonwealth realms
3446:. Scarecrow Press.
2742:Somali architecture
2591:East Africa drought
2514:Ethiopian Civil War
2464:Italian East Africa
2414:Menelik's Invasions
2072:Nobiliary particles
1818:State of Somaliland
1773:Somaliland campaign
1767:Somaliland campaign
1649: •
1642:Land of the Berbers
1592:Caves in Somaliland
924:and his son-in-law
835:Abadir Umar Ar-Rida
382:, who governed the
88:nobiliary particles
4950:Culture of Somalia
3887:(Official website)
3883:2018-05-19 at the
3867:(Official website)
3863:2018-05-19 at the
3001:. s.n. p. 27.
2759:Somalia portal
2665:Army of the Empire
2352:1557 – 17th cent.
2340:1543 – 17th cent.
2325:Ethiopian–Adal War
2096:G.W.B. Huntingford
2084:Nobiliary particle
1755:British Somaliland
1727: •
1723: •
1689:Ethiopian–Adal war
1513:History portal
1467:Colonial governors
1285:Somalia portal
1266:Federal Government
1248:Interim Government
1193:British Somaliland
1187:Italian Somaliland
1162:Sultanate of Hobyo
1066:Azania city-states
1030:(3,500-2,500 BCE )
879:Muhammad As-Sūmālī
867:Shadjarat al-Yakim
810:
750:
720:, inventor of the
550:
546:Sultanate of Hobyo
532:
514:) around the city.
309:primus inter pares
278:
253:
239:Mohamoud Ali Shire
204:Sultanate of Hobyo
192:Mohamoud Ali Shire
184:Mohamoud Ali Shire
172:Mohamoud Ali Shire
148:Fakr ad-Din Mosque
48:This is a list of
46:
4945:Somalian monarchy
4932:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4831:
4830:
4745:Baltic countries
4537:
4536:
4347:
4346:
4159:
4158:
3983:Former monarchies
3829:978-1-56902-103-3
3766:978-0-226-46791-7
3724:978-0-313-31333-2
3453:978-0-8108-6604-1
3186:Missing or empty
2728:
2727:
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2628:
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2531:
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2386:
2308:
2307:
2251:
2250:
1930:
1929:
1810:
1806:Modern Somaliland
1747:
1746:(1884–1960)
1547:
1546:
1503:Africa portal
1455:French Somaliland
1319:
1318:
1179:(1884–1960)
1087:Sultanate of Ifat
1036:(2,500–1,500 BCE)
926:Ali ibn Abi Talib
881:, teacher in the
871:Abdallah al-Qutbi
849:who recorded the
797:Religious leaders
694:Ash-Shaykh Ishaaq
542:Ali Yusuf Kenadid
464:Imamate Of Hiraab
460:Sultanate of Adal
406:governors in the
338:. Various Somali
210:, founder of the
202:, founder of the
200:Yusuf Ali Kenadid
16:(Redirected from
4982:
4891:Marshall Islands
4842:
4717:Central, Eastern
4546:
4356:
4292:
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3517:Abdullahi, p.140
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3494:Cassanelli (1982
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2842:Caasimada Online
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2645:Economic history
2547:
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2400:
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2359:Gondarine period
2353:
2341:
2335:Oromo migrations
2321:
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2190:
2094:, the historian
1922:
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1908:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1808:
1785:Italian invasion
1779:Burao Tax Revolt
1761:Dervish movement
1745:
1611:(5,000~3,500 BC)
1577:
1567:
1549:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1432:Imamate of Aussa
1370:(4,000~3,000 BC)
1364:(3,000~2,500 BC)
1349:
1339:
1321:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1099:Ajuran Sultanate
1070:(c. 1st century)
1062:(c. 1st century)
1013:
1003:
985:
841:, Sheikh of the
743:Ajuran Sultanate
468:Ajuran Sultanate
220:Ajuran Sultanate
216:Ajuran Sultanate
212:Geledi Sultanate
21:
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3996:Austria-Hungary
3977:
3925:
3919:
3885:Wayback Machine
3874:
3865:Wayback Machine
3851:
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3780:. Westview Pr.
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3362:Graves of Tarim
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3015:Somali Textbook
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2571:Police massacre
2544:
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2369:Zemene Mesafint
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2206:
2199:
2074:
2065:Police officers
1995:
1948:
1926:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1824:Somali Republic
1813:
1812:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:Colonial period
1734:
1733:
1709:Isaaq Sultanate
1704:
1694:
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1671:Kingdom of Adal
1666:
1656:
1655:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1587:
1565:
1558:
1543:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1447:Colonial period
1414:Kingdom of Adal
1397:Kingdom of Axum
1385:Kingdom of Punt
1337:
1330:
1315:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1230:Somali Republic
1225:
1224:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1205:Trust Territory
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:Colonial period
1168:
1167:
1132:Isaaq Sultanate
1121:
1111:
1110:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1023:
1001:
994:
983:
950:Yusuf Barkhadle
936:("Mad Mullah").
918:Hussein ibn Ali
907:Islamic prophet
883:Masjid al-Haram
799:
776:
755:
731:
714:Said bin Sultan
710:Muscat and Oman
706:Kilwa Sultanate
592:
590:Court officials
584:Faduma Sarjelle
521:
504:Nur ibn Mujahid
480:Futuh al-Habash
317:Somali language
168:Isaaq Sultanate
164:Abdillahi Deria
124:
122:Kings or Rulers
119:
96:
43:Isaaq Sultanate
23:
22:
15:
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5:
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4909:Samoan Islands
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4668:United Kingdom
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4627:United Kingdom
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4316:post-Columbian
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3872:External links
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3792:
3786:
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3765:
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3685:
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3656:(1978), p. 184
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2601:Oromo protests
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2581:War in Somalia
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2542:Recent history
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2047:in xeer cases.
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2014:
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1847:Isaaq genocide
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1487:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:(16th–19th c.)
1435:
1434:(16th–18th c.)
1429:
1428:(15th–16th c.)
1426:Adal Sultanate
1423:
1422:(12th–15th c.)
1420:Ifat Sultanate
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1387:(2500~2000 BC)
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:Modern Somalia
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1144:Hiraab Imamate
1141:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:(13th–16th c.)
1102:
1101:(13th–17th c.)
1096:
1093:Adal Sultanate
1090:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
988:
982:
979:
978:
977:
965:
962:Sharif Aydurus
937:
890:
798:
795:
794:
793:
787:
775:
772:
771:
770:
754:
751:
730:
727:
726:
725:
685:
665:
659:
634:
591:
588:
587:
586:
573:
570:Nur Ahmed Aman
520:
517:
516:
515:
506:, the Emir of
491:
488:Horn of Africa
447:
391:
380:Osman Mahamuud
297:
232:
231:
152:Nur Ahmed Aman
123:
120:
118:
115:
95:
92:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4987:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4643:Great Britain
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4458:
4457:Indo-European
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:pre-Columbian
4309:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
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3942:
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3934:
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3916:
3911:
3909:
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3879:
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3835:
3831:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3814:
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3800:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:. Greenwood.
3715:
3714:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3579:
3568:. Hiiraan.com
3567:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3540:1-56902-073-6
3536:
3532:
3531:
3523:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3495:
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3463:
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3455:
3449:
3445:
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3433:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:Ho, Engseng,
3357:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3235:
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3226:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3180:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3140:9781108013260
3136:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3052:9783825830847
3048:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2892:September 21,
2888:
2881:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2822:9783825830847
2818:
2814:
2813:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:Modernization
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2347:Habesh Eyalet
2345:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:Zagwe dynasty
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2225:Early history
2222:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:Heer boggeyal
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:customary law
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:Peace process
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:(9th-12th c.)
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:Modern period
1473:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1438:Ottoman Egypt
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:(9th–12th c.)
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:Dervish State
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
997:
992:
986:
980:
975:
971:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:
938:
935:
932:; notably by
931:
930:Dervish State
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:Hasan ibn Ali
911:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
819:
818:
817:
815:
807:
803:
796:
791:
788:
785:
781:
778:
777:
773:
768:
765:of the King (
764:
763:queen consort
760:
757:
756:
752:
748:
747:Shabelle Zone
744:
740:
735:
729:Female titles
728:
723:
722:Borama script
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
663:
660:
658:
657:Ajuran Empire
654:
650:
646:
645:Ajuran Empire
642:
638:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
599:
598:
594:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Ajuran Empire
577:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
529:
525:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
279:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
257:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
229:
228:Shabelle Zone
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Ibrahim Adeer
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:Dervish state
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
125:
121:
116:
114:
112:
111:aristocracies
108:
104:
101:
93:
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
78:customary law
75:
72:reserved for
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Somali people
51:
44:
40:
38:
33:
29:
19:
4970:Royal titles
4965:Noble titles
4955:Court titles
4750:Ritterschaft
4748:
4719:and Caucasus
4428:
4406:
4399:
4258:
4206:still exists
4135:
3839:
3818:
3797:
3776:
3755:
3734:
3712:
3693:
3688:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3619:
3612:
3588:
3581:
3570:. Retrieved
3529:
3522:
3513:
3506:Luling (2002
3501:
3489:
3469:
3462:
3442:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3340:the original
3330:
3306:
3280:. Retrieved
3275:
3271:
3261:
3247:Laitin (1977
3242:
3232:
3225:
3206:
3200:
3168:
3149:
3129:
3122:
3103:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3061:
3041:
3034:
3014:
3007:
2997:
2967:
2960:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2923:
2916:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2880:
2869:. Retrieved
2865:
2856:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2831:
2811:
2804:
2795:
2615:2018–present
2474:World War II
2274:100 – 940 AD
2247:980 – 400 BC
2099:
2077:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2016:
2002:
1998:
1981:
1970:
1963:
1951:
1937:
1931:
1809:(since 1960)
1702:Early modern
1630:Land of Punt
1399:(100~940 AD)
1222:(since 1960)
1119:Early modern
1034:Land of Punt
967:
954:Aw Barkhadle
953:
945:
939:
922:Fatima Zahra
892:
874:
866:
826:
820:
811:
805:
789:
779:
774:Royal family
766:
758:
687:
673:
667:
662:Wakiil-Boqor
661:
636:
595:
575:
566:Rer Ainanshe
553:
538:
519:Royal family
511:
493:
479:
456:hawiye Clans
449:
435:
415:
399:
393:
364:Boqortinnimo
363:
351:
347:
343:
327:
320:
314:Afro-Asiatic
307:
299:
281:
264:
263:Abdulrahman
260:
241:
127:
97:
81:
49:
47:
36:
31:
4846:Australasia
4622:Switzerland
4518:Philippines
4474:Indonesia*
3637:Lewis (1998
3594:69 & 84
3428:Lewis (1998
3404:Lewis (1999
2953:Lewis (1999
2788:Lewis (1999
2655:Aristocracy
2444:World War I
2404:Unification
2261:Middle Ages
2205:History of
2112:Aw Garweyne
2051:Murkhatiyal
1873:(1991-1997)
1849:(1982-1990)
1843:(1981-1991)
1837:(1969-1991)
1826:(1960-1969)
1769:(1901-1910)
1763:(1884-1920)
1757:(1884-1960)
1664:Middle Ages
1599:(10,000 BC)
1564:History of
1463:(1967–1977)
1457:(1883–1967)
1406:Middle Ages
1336:History of
1262:(2004–2012)
1256:(2000–2004)
1250:(1991–1997)
1244:(1981–1991)
1238:(1969–1991)
1232:(1960-1969)
1207:(1941–1960)
1201:(1895–1920)
1195:(1888–1960)
1189:(1889–1941)
1164:(1876–1926)
1158:(18th–1924)
1152:(1874–1884)
1146:(17th–1890)
1140:(1769–1907)
1134:(1750–1884)
1128:(17th–1911)
1095:(1415–1577)
1080:Middle Ages
1000:History of
863:Shaykh Sufi
637:Boqortiishe
611:Ibn Battuta
432:Dhulbahante
354:, meaning "
332:Nile Valley
130:: From the
117:Male titles
100:royal court
56:'s various
4939:Categories
4883:Micronesia
4788:Montenegro
4736:Azerbaijan
4254:Madagascar
3931:Monarchies
3924:by country
3850:1874209987
3808:0852552807
3787:0865315558
3745:0812278321
3703:References
3679:2845860692
3603:1874209049
3572:2009-12-20
3480:0972661514
3216:0969768508
3188:|url=
3113:0969768508
3025:0931745489
2978:9004081011
2871:2021-11-04
2847:2021-11-04
2621:Tigray War
2524:Ogaden War
2233:Prehistory
2140:Macajilayn
2118:, such as
2041:Garhajiyal
2035:Detectives
2017:Heer begti
1986:Somaliland
1967:authority.
1865:Somaliland
1636:Macrobians
1605:(5,000 BC)
1585:Prehistory
1566:Somaliland
1391:Macrobians
1354:Prehistory
1089:(940–1415)
1055:Macrobians
1021:Prehistory
739:Olol Dinle
712:'s Sultan
651:who ruled
609:traveller
528:Gadabuursi
424:Habar Awal
420:Somaliland
388:Gadabuursi
374:region of
348:Boqortooyo
340:honorifics
286:Somaliland
250:Warsangali
224:Olol Dinle
196:Somaliland
180:Warsangeli
176:Warsangali
156:Habr Yunis
107:monarchies
70:honorifics
58:sultanates
35:Abdillahi
4901:Polynesia
4865:Melanesia
4854:Australia
4816:Ruthenian
4756:Lithuania
4468:Southeast
4195:by nation
4006:Byzantium
3346:26 August
3316:cite book
3282:20 August
2790::203–204)
2672:Expansion
2625:2020–2022
2605:2014–2016
2595:2011–2012
2585:2006–2009
2565:1998–2018
2555:1998–2000
2528:1977–1978
2518:1974–1991
2508:1961–1991
2498:1952–1962
2488:1941–1943
2468:1936–1941
2458:1935–1936
2448:1914–1918
2438:1913–1974
2428:1895–1896
2418:1878–1904
2408:1855–1913
2383:1832–1848
2373:1769–1855
2363:1632–1769
2329:1527–1543
2304:1314–1344
2294:1270–1529
2116:artefacts
2055:Witnesses
2045:Attorneys
1993:Officials
1975:Rahanweyn
1609:Dhaymoole
1603:Dhambalin
1597:Laas Gaal
1377:Antiquity
1028:Laas Geel
859:Qadiriyya
790:Ina Boqor
615:Mogadishu
576:Ina Boqor
562:Dolal Nur
410:parts of
400:Al-Jaraad
352:Boqornimo
334:state of
294:Deshiishe
290:Gaalje'el
275:Habr Awal
248:) of the
162:; Sultan
4812:Ukraine
4702:Portugal
4686:Holy See
4647:Ireland
4638:Scotland
4523:Thailand
4512:Cambodia
4500:Malaysia
4488:Javanese
4478:Balinese
4424:Nobility
4392:Mongolia
4288:Americas
4237:Ethiopia
4231:Eswatini
4204:monarchy
4193:Nobility
4106:Portugal
4046:Ethiopia
3973:Thailand
3881:Archived
3861:Archived
3179:cite web
2731:See also
2682:Aksumite
2677:Currency
2660:Military
2284:900–1270
2207:Ethiopia
2196:a series
2194:Part of
2180:Gelweita
2148:Qombo'ul
2136:Qa’ableh
2031:Gurtiyal
2007:advisors
1978:affairs.
1638:(525 BC)
1555:a series
1553:Part of
1393:(525 BC)
1362:Asa Koma
1338:Djibouti
1327:a series
1325:Part of
991:a series
989:Part of
910:Muhammad
784:Princess
753:Consorts
737:Suldaan
698:Garhajis
613:visited
607:Moroccan
602:Minister
482:). Imam
466:and the
412:Ethiopia
372:Puntland
360:nobility
62:kingdoms
4920:Hawai‘i
4837:Oceania
4821:Galicia
4798:Romania
4783:Hungary
4778:Germany
4773:Georgia
4768:Bohemia
4763:Croatia
4741:Austria
4731:Armenia
4726:Albania
4656:Ireland
4633:England
4604:Kingdom
4600:France
4595:Belgium
4567:Iceland
4562:Finland
4556:Denmark
4529:Vietnam
4483:Chinese
4452:Princes
4430:Yangban
4396:Japan*
4366:Lebanon
4307:Mexico
4269:Morocco
4259:Somalia
4242:Nigeria
4224:Mamluks
4144:Ottoman
4140:Turkey
4136:Somalia
4120:Serbia
4111:Romania
4079:Maratha
4071:Germany
4066:Georgia
4054:Kingdom
4050:France
4034:Ancient
4024:Taiping
3956:Ancient
3249::86–87)
2689:Famines
2650:Emperor
2237:
2164:Salweyn
2160:Botiala
2120:pottery
2061:Waranle
2025:Jurists
2003:Odayaal
1946:Leaders
1725:Berbera
1651:Mosylon
1623:Ancient
1368:Handoga
1268:(2012–)
1048:Ancient
1002:Somalia
946:Ashraaf
941:Shariif
780:Amiirad
759:Boqorad
682:tribute
653:Maldive
641:Viceroy
631:Kismayo
623:eunuchs
619:Barbara
564:of the
544:of the
539:Suldaan
484:Yacquub
458:in the
436:"chief"
428:Suldaan
408:Islamic
376:Somalia
356:royalty
261:Suldaan
242:Suldaan
174:of the
166:of the
128:Suldaan
74:Islamic
66:empires
37:Suldaan
32:Suldaan
4808:Serbia
4803:Russia
4793:Poland
4661:Norman
4651:Gaelic
4609:Empire
4578:Sweden
4572:Norway
4542:Europe
4506:Brunei
4448:India
4420:Korea
4408:Daimyō
4371:Turkey
4339:Brazil
4302:Canada
4247:Rulers
4212:Africa
4116:Russia
4094:Joseon
4085:Korea
4075:India
4059:Empire
4039:Mamluk
4030:Egypt
4010:China
3968:Sweden
3847:
3826:
3805:
3784:
3763:
3742:
3721:
3676:
3650:Azania
3600:
3537:
3477:
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2924:Africa
2819:
2638:Topics
2198:on the
2176:Maduna
2152:El Ayo
2132:Haylan
2108:Awbube
2104:Awbare
2011:judges
1971:Malakh
1964:Islaan
1879:(2001)
1867:(1991)
1861:(1991)
1855:(1991)
1820:(1960)
1793:(1945)
1787:(1941)
1781:(1922)
1775:(1920)
1729:Bulhar
1557:on the
1329:on the
993:on the
903:Master
901:" or "
894:Sayyid
827:wadaad
822:Sheekh
806:Sheikh
700:clan,
678:Deputy
597:Wasiir
558:Prince
444:Silt'e
440:Harari
404:Muslim
395:Garaad
368:rulers
271:Sultan
269:, 1st
265:Gaarad
246:Sultan
206:; and
198:.
136:Sultan
132:Arabic
103:titles
4914:Tonga
4707:Spain
4697:Malta
4692:Italy
4679:South
4549:North
4493:Malay
4442:South
4414:Meiji
4387:China
4332:South
4295:North
4219:Egypt
4151:Wales
4129:noble
4124:royal
4089:Silla
4001:Burma
3991:Akkad
3963:Spain
3951:Japan
3508::103)
3496::130)
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3406::224)
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2765:Notes
2270:Aksum
2172:Abasa
2168:Mudun
2144:Booco
2124:coins
2001:(pl.
1956:Harti
1952:Islan
1721:Zeila
1647:Malao
969:Xaaji
958:saint
944:(pl.
887:Mecca
847:Cairo
843:riwaq
814:ulama
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689:Qaadi
669:Na'ib
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451:Imaam
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328:Paqar
325:style
321:Boqor
300:Boqor
282:Ugaas
267:Deria
140:Isaaq
39:Deria
18:Boqor
4873:Fiji
4588:West
4401:Kuge
4380:East
4359:West
4352:Asia
4323:Cuba
4019:Qing
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3322:link
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