404:
1306:
1229:
1342:
664:
537:
826:) was formed on March 17, 1971, with the mission to provide artillery support in case a war erupts and the GDR launches an offensive operation to capture West Berlin. It was put under Border Troops command to circumvent the restrictions for military forces in both parts of Berlin and was a source of constant tension between the GDR and its Soviet ally on one hand and West Germany and its western allies on the other. In the final years of its existence the German Democratic Republic sought warming up of its relationship with the Federal Republic of Germany and as one of the signs of goodwill the regiment was transferred to the
814:, manned the crossing points into West Berlin and guarded the entire border perimeter surrounding West Berlin. The GKM consisted of six frontier troops regiments, two training regiments and some smaller support units. Unlike the Border Commands North and South, which fielded border regimens in full-sized border battalions, the border regiments of the Border Command Center were of reduced strength. They had the same complement of combat support and combat service support units, but the border guards were organized in companies directly subordinated to the regiments. A Bordercrossing Security Regiment (the
387:
142:
1250:
1320:
1266:
1282:
29:
366:
1357:, taken 2008 on a preserved part of the former border. The border fence can be seen with a mined control strip behind it and a lane patrol road; the actual boundary was located above the wooded slope. In the rear part of the open area on the wooded slope is a cross which marks the place of death of the 34-year-old worker
1421:
died in the line of duty. The first three deaths occurred at the time of the Soviet occupation zone, after the founding of the German
Democratic Republic in October 1949 until its end of 1990 were a further 26 border policemen and border soldiers were killed. Of these 29, 20 died on the inner German
1402:
The Berlin Public
Prosecution Department estimates that about 270 'proven' deaths on the border were due to acts of violence by GDR border security guards, including deaths caused by mines and automatic firing devices. However, the Central Assessment Group for Governmental and Organized Crimes
1066:
gave the remaining border guards and other ex-NVA soldiers the task of clearing the border fortifications, which was only completed in 1994. The scale of the task was immense, as not only did the fortifications have to be cleared but hundreds of roads and railway lines had to be rebuilt.
820:) was disbanded in 1985 and its forces dispersed among the border regiments, as the centralized location made the deployment of security details through the city to the various border crossings around West Berlin difficult. An artillery regiment (the
3038:
4732:
1228:
3999:
799:, guarded the southern border sector. The organizational structure of the GKS was similar to that of the GKN, with six frontier troops regiments, two training regiments, a helicopter flight and some smaller support units.
490:
were armed and organized like a police force, and were subordinate to the Main
Administration of the Border Police and Alert Units of the German Administration of the Interior. The Soviet Zone was formed into the
1548:(† 4 November 1980; a postal officer from his post deserter killed with a shot in the back. The offender managed to escape, he was convicted in West Berlin in 1981 for manslaughter in a youth custody of 6 years.)
4242:
46:
2993:
3759:
1305:
2454:
2512:
1081:
soldiers was provided by the four training regiments; after the reorganization of 30 November 1989 (see below), the four regiments were consolidated into two training centers. Training for
3418:
962:
were extensively reorganized as of 30 November 1989. The personnel strength was reduced by approximately 17 percent, while the number of headquarters units was reduced from 50 to 24.
403:
1601:
3764:
3904:
2136:
1692:
399:
fence. The red tape in the foreground, the so-called "death cord", marked the area the work detail was permitted to operate, and workers stepping beyond the tape would be shot.
1341:
4435:
3654:
3504:
3203:
3408:
2449:
3781:
724:
5093:
3994:
2963:
3899:
3095:
4503:
3564:
3163:
2943:
5098:
4104:
2968:
2815:
2347:
2307:
608:
efforts were directed along the GDR's western borders with West
Germany and West Berlin, with only about 600 members assigned to guard the GDR's borders with
93:
4849:
4205:
3934:
3749:
3461:
2612:
2477:
827:
65:
4493:
4402:
3363:
561:
301:
170:
2369:
5035:
4844:
4662:
2292:
1052:. The border guards' numbers were rapidly reduced. Half were dismissed within five months of the opening of the border. The border was abandoned and the
3669:
2664:
2214:
2798:
2312:
536:
72:
4834:
4420:
3679:
1596:
524:
459:
4543:
4235:
2327:
2015:
629:
On 1 July 1990, the GDR's border control regime along the borders with West
Germany and West Berlin was ended. In September 1990, shortly before the
4755:
4425:
2828:
2442:
2129:
1894:
1366:
953:
425:
4642:
3539:
3423:
2374:
2197:
1869:
5088:
5042:
4976:
4280:
4215:
3383:
3225:
3143:
3100:
3083:
3033:
2297:
1944:
1798:
1377:
concerns those who were killed or wounded while attempting to flee East
Germany into the West. Even today, the topic of the "shoot-to-kill order"
4367:
4190:
3619:
3443:
2727:
2542:
1844:
312:
until 1971 when it became directly subordinate to the MfNV. The Border Troops numbered approximately 47,000 personnel at its peak, consisting of
79:
4466:
3729:
3594:
2594:
1919:
578:(NVA), the armed forces of the GDR. In 1973 they were separated and became directly subordinate to the MfNV, on grounds of not to be counted in
4335:
2845:
1706:
1591:
1425:
A 2017 study by the Free
University of Berlin recorded 24 border guards being killed: nine were shot by people fleeing East Germany, eight in "
4799:
4305:
4049:
4119:
3829:
3489:
3466:
3265:
3088:
2958:
2712:
2682:
1978:
4521:
4347:
3193:
2172:
1407:), which existed from 1991 to 2000 as a branch of the Berlin Police, registered 421 suspected cases of killings by armed GDR border guards.
61:
4880:
4471:
4255:
4151:
3388:
2803:
2634:
2404:
2322:
2149:
579:
4561:
3789:
3273:
2697:
2599:
2492:
2207:
921:, headquartered in Rostock), while administratively part of the Border Troops was operationally subordinated to the naval headquarters at
3068:
2359:
863:
was responsible for the security of the border with
Czechoslovakia. It consisted of six battalion-sized units called Border Subsections (
5015:
4265:
3704:
3253:
3230:
3058:
2863:
2254:
2122:
4320:
4220:
3509:
2617:
2399:
2354:
2202:
4415:
4360:
4014:
3579:
3278:
3118:
2895:
2883:
2259:
1671:
1249:
4622:
4167:
4059:
3804:
3298:
3258:
2562:
667:
West German border personnel, civilians and an East German border guard on opposite sides of the border line at
Herrnburg near Lübeck
448:(People's Police) was publicly applied to the new police forces in the Soviet Zone, and in August these forces were placed under the
5063:
4819:
4285:
4260:
4114:
4034:
3979:
3744:
3403:
3003:
2888:
2808:
2607:
2104:
2074:
2049:
354:
112:
4582:
4297:
3664:
842:
4760:
4674:
4392:
4250:
3709:
3045:
2227:
2187:
5073:
4826:
4714:
4074:
3969:
3916:
3886:
3659:
2507:
2499:
2222:
1586:
496:
4602:
4498:
4407:
4340:
2689:
2642:
2417:
329:
4607:
3874:
3809:
3519:
3479:
3398:
3018:
2702:
2677:
2624:
2167:
1606:
1319:
617:
4654:
3243:
3073:
2334:
4965:
4587:
4526:
4397:
3839:
3584:
3023:
2532:
2242:
86:
50:
17:
4682:
2850:
2467:
609:
4385:
2778:
4984:
4538:
4200:
3939:
3924:
3694:
3631:
3534:
2908:
2747:
2567:
2249:
4172:
3944:
3569:
3474:
3010:
2672:
2629:
2472:
2424:
5083:
4867:
4019:
3348:
3293:
3105:
2858:
2840:
2739:
2657:
2267:
2237:
892:)) with headquarters at covered the Polish border. It consisted of six battalion-sized units called Border Subsections (
4597:
4453:
4275:
4185:
4044:
3178:
2975:
2878:
2652:
2527:
1432:
The list of names of the deceased are below. Only occasional light on the cause of death and killers if known is shed.
1387:
is quite sensitive in
Germany, East and West. According to information released by the "Working Group 13th of August" (
4750:
4727:
4707:
4617:
4486:
4430:
4069:
3824:
3639:
3549:
3373:
3368:
3353:
3305:
3288:
2833:
2587:
2487:
2429:
2342:
1058:
were officially abolished on 1 July 1990; all but 2,000 of them were dismissed or transferred to other jobs. The
4814:
4789:
4548:
4177:
3929:
2364:
2284:
875:
452:
control of the newly created German Administration of the Interior, headed by Erich Reschke. On 1 December 1946, the
4556:
4310:
5078:
4917:
4804:
4513:
4481:
4292:
3624:
3333:
3173:
2918:
2582:
2517:
2379:
2272:
492:
237:
227:
141:
4784:
3313:
2783:
2182:
1133:, but were much more lightly equipped than comparable NVA infantry formations, with the heaviest weapon being the
386:
39:
5025:
4722:
4697:
4029:
3959:
3438:
3188:
3138:
2647:
2462:
2392:
2277:
1281:
575:
429:
309:
180:
1632:
Koenig, Robert L. (22 April 1990). "Unity replaces fence — German social, economic barriers next to fall".
4936:
4627:
4375:
4144:
4089:
4084:
3684:
3554:
3524:
3053:
2983:
2873:
2823:
2752:
2732:
1265:
770:) was responsible for the northern sector of the East German border. The GKN consisted of five frontier troops
650:
630:
333:
3891:
3238:
2547:
4702:
675:
and the GDR, including persons who utilized the land transit routes (road and rail) between West Germany and
4928:
4687:
4508:
4458:
4380:
4355:
4230:
4134:
3599:
3213:
2717:
2572:
1149:
1082:
4325:
3854:
1756:
5068:
4909:
3984:
3879:
3716:
3494:
3130:
3113:
2928:
775:
748:
4667:
2437:
5020:
4893:
3954:
3864:
3609:
2913:
2788:
2412:
1710:
1538:
Klaus-Peter Seidel, and Jürgen Lange (both † 19 December 1975; both shot dead by deserting army soldier
1475:
4533:
3736:
1823:
1551:
1545:
1994:
1777:
1508:
784:
was disbanded in August 1983 and its units dispersed among the other border regiments of the command.
639:
were disbanded; its border patrol duties along united Germany's eastern frontiers were assumed by the
4949:
4637:
3644:
3430:
3328:
2988:
1557:
1358:
325:
289:
3724:
1714:
1393:) on 13 August 2004, 1065 persons were killed along the GDR's frontiers and coastline, including 37
4064:
3318:
3158:
3153:
2933:
2770:
2552:
1526:
1502:
1346:
926:
396:
380:
285:
1563:
1484:
1404:
4649:
4129:
4099:
3909:
3859:
3844:
3814:
3794:
3769:
1466:
514:
376:
313:
1532:
1140:. To increase their capability to search for persons attempting to flee the GDR, most units had
663:
5002:
3614:
2387:
2100:
2070:
2045:
1974:
1686:
1611:
1153:
930:
642:
437:
4992:
4006:
3218:
3123:
2923:
1674:[Working Group 13th of August] (in German). Archived from the original on 2010-09-24
1429:" incidents, three by civilians, three by US patrols and one by a West German border guard.
1272:
1137:
1105:
484:
resources, and by April 1948 numbered 10,000 personnel before rising to 18,000 in 1950. The
1478:(† 18 April 1962; army deserter shot dead by two cadets from the flak school at Stahnsdorf)
5030:
4901:
1539:
1240:
1193:
1157:
1141:
541:
433:
256:
1381:
3208:
1207:
1112:
613:
589:
571:
348:
305:
5057:
1496:
1490:
1426:
1096:
767:
413:
2114:
353:, the illegal migration from the GDR, and were controversially responsible for many
4139:
3338:
2948:
2903:
2145:
1517:
560:) and were moved from the Ministry of the Interior, which oversaw policing, to the
469:
443:
421:
297:
268:
264:
160:
1174:
1735:
703:
uniforms, the members of the PKE were in fact members of the 6th Main Department
4954:
3774:
1033:
and were moved from the GDR MdI to the GDR Ministry of National Defence (MfNV).
905:
744:
676:
672:
449:
321:
293:
281:
28:
725:
Organizational structure of the Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic
365:
1181:
1061:
1047:
941:
936:
and several boat battalions and companies to guard the GDR's relatively small
811:
593:
1422:
border, eight at the Berlin Wall, and one on the border with Czechoslovakia.
965:
In the place of the previous command structure, six border district commands
4944:
1350:
1145:
1092:
937:
933:
736:
472:
to defend the borders of the Soviet Zone. The initial 3,000 recruits of the
317:
1219:
1130:
836:) and directly subordinated to the Chief of Artillery and Rocket Forces.
771:
510:
901:
The security of the Baltic coast was within the responsibilities of the
4875:
4765:
1311:
1293:
1256:
1170:
922:
763:
1123:
796:
740:
685:
consisted of dealing with the members of the Pass and Control Units (
500:
2065:
Hertle, Hans-Hermann; Jarausch, Konrad; Kleßmann, Christoph (2002).
1511:(† 8 September 1963; fatally injured by refugees on August 23, 1963)
925:. The Naval Command had an integral staff division, tasked with the
1337:
Refugee shootings along the Berlin Wall and the inner German border
2998:
1580:
1354:
1203:
1185:
1144:
dogs. A regiment consisted of around 1,500 men divided into three
1134:
860:
662:
535:
517:, and briefly transferred them from the Ministry of the Interior (
402:
385:
364:
194:
1184:
as the standard sidearm, MPi-K Rifle (an East German copy of the
929:
of the brigade. The 6th Border Brigade Coast consisted of twelve
1759:[Siegfried Apportin · Biographical Handbook] (in German)
1707:"Germany and the German Democratic Republic – Truth and justice"
1399:
soldiers killed during escape attempts. Many more were wounded.
1297:
1119:
2118:
1189:
22:
1997:[Werner Schmidt · Biographical Handbook] (in German)
1826:[Werner Schmidt · Biographical Handbook] (in German)
1088:
Unteroffiziersschule der Grenztruppen der DDR "Egon Schultz"
1780:[Herbert Liebs · Biographical Handbook] (in German)
810:(GKM) (Border Command Center), with headquarters at Berlin-
1371:
Undoubtedly the most controversial aspect surrounding the
1036:
1973 – 1990: Controlled directly by the MfNV. Renamed the
691:, PKE) who processed travellers passing through the GDR's
592:
colour, and their service and dress uniforms bore a green
2040:
Müller-Enbergs, Helmut, ed. (2006). "Weinhold, Werner".
395:
guarding maintenance workers on the western side of the
2044:. Vol. 2, M – Z. Berlin: Ch. Links. p. 1070.
1129:
Border Troop regiments were trained similar to regular
1602:
Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border
616:. This continued until the 1980s when the rise of the
420:
By December 1945, within six months of the end of the
1361:
who died on 29 March 1982 while attempting to escape.
495:(GDR or East Germany) in October 1949 and led by the
4860:
4774:
4743:
4572:
4446:
4160:
3454:
2763:
2157:
2097:
The Berlin Wall and the Intra-German border 1961–89
795:(GKS) (Border Command South), with headquarters at
762:(GKN) (Border Command North), with headquarters at
236:
226:
221:
213:
205:
166:
156:
148:
127:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:"Grenztruppen" redirects here. For other uses, see
554:were reorganized as the Border Troops of the GDR (
1514:unknown Volkspolizei member († 15 September 1964)
62:"Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic"
1691:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1210:were also used in certain situations if needed.
1003:13 Jul 1948-11 Oct 1949: Controlled by the DVdI
817:GÜST Sicherungsregiment SiR-26 "Walter Husemann"
465:Sowjetische Militäradministration in Deutschland
432:had new police forces in clear violation of the
952:In accordance with a June 1989 decision of the
911:. For that reason the 6th Border Brigade Coast
620:in Poland saw the GDR considerably toughen the
253:Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic
128:Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic
1111:Offiziershochschule der Grenztruppen der DDR "
1018:1 Mar 1957-14 Sep 1961: Controlled by the MdI
228:General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party
2130:
1757:"Siegfried Apportin · Biografisches Handbuch"
1095:. Training for dog handlers was conducted in
697:(border crossing points). Although they wore
8:
1713:, Daan Bronkhorst. June 2006. Archived from
1416:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1372:
1326:
1288:
1234:
1197:
1164:
1152:each. These regiments also had an anti-tank
1109:
1100:
1086:
1076:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1028:
1022:
994:
984:
978:
972:
966:
957:
916:
903:
893:
887:
883:Grenzbrigade zur VR Polen "Hermann Gartmann"
881:
864:
854:
848:
831:
821:
815:
804:
789:
779:
756:
730:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
648:
640:
634:
621:
603:
597:
583:
565:
555:
549:
528:
518:
504:
485:
479:
473:
463:
458:(German Border Police) was organized by the
453:
441:
440:agreements. In early January 1946, the name
407:
390:
370:
346:
340:
275:
178:
1736:"Germany charts 327 Cold War border deaths"
1108:and officer candidates were trained at the
1021:Sep 1961 -1973: Controlled by the NVA, the
1012:17 June 1953 – 1955: Controlled by the MdI
582:. While wearing standard NVA uniforms, the
2949:Border Security Task Force (Satgas Pamtas)
2137:
2123:
2115:
1971:The Berlin Wall – Monument of the Cold War
781:Grenzregiment 25 "Neithardt von Gneisenau"
1824:"Werner Schmidt · Biografisches Handbuch"
1597:Fortifications of the inner German border
1196:to name the most utilized weapons by the
1030:Kommando der Grenztruppen (KdoGT) der NVA
828:Land Forces of the National People's Army
460:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
4756:International Organization for Migration
1778:"Herbert Liebs · Biografisches Handbuch"
1367:Border guards of the inner German border
1340:
1015:1955-28 Feb 1957: Controlled by the MfS
1009:1952-16 Jun 1953: Controlled by the MfS
1006:12 Oct 1949–1952: Controlled by the MdI
602:" on the left arm. The vast majority of
375:(GAK) border trooper taking pictures of
300:respectively. The force belonged to the
238:Chairman of the National Defense Council
1995:"Manfred Weiß · Biografisches Handbuch"
1973:. Berlin: Ch. Links. pp. 107–109.
1658:
1646:
1624:
1224:
1202:. It has also been documented that the
989:reported to the national headquarters.
774:, two training regiments, a helicopter
564:(MfNV) which oversaw the military. The
5094:1990 disestablishments in East Germany
1684:
1592:Development of the inner German border
124:
1672:"Arbeitsgemeinschaft 13. August e.V."
918:6. Grenzbrigade Küste "Fiete Schulze"
823:Artillerieregiment AR-26 "Otto Nelte"
7:
5099:Defunct police units of East Germany
1460:Manfred Portwich († 27 October 1951)
850:Grenzbrigade zur CSSR "Walter Breit"
778:and some smaller support units. The
280:were the primary force guarding the
51:adding citations to reliable sources
1472:Waldemar Estel († 3 September 1956)
1445:Siegfried Apportin († 2. July 1950)
1390:Arbeitsgemeinschaft 13. August e.V.
954:National Defence Council of the GDR
503:influence. The SED reorganized the
2069:. Berlin: Ch. Links. p. 299.
1523:Hans-Adolf Scharf († 10 June 1966)
1448:Herbert Liebs († 21 February 1951)
830:on November 1, 1985 (becoming the
647:(Federal Border Guard – later the
14:
2289:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1457:Rudolf Spranger († 7 August 1951)
1439:Gerhard Hofert († 3. August 1949)
1160:battery and an engineer company.
4403:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1587:Crossing the inner German border
1442:Fritz Otto († 1. September 1949)
1436:Paul Sager († 10. November 1948)
1318:
1304:
1280:
1264:
1248:
1227:
977:and two border training centers
626:'s presence along their border.
497:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
478:were organized and trained from
152:1 December 1946 – September 1990
140:
27:
4463:Federated States of Micronesia
2099:. Fortress 69. Oxford: Osprey.
1607:Fall of the inner German border
1451:Werner Schmidt († 2 March 1951)
1180:The firearms utilized were the
1044:1990 – 1994: Controlled by the
38:needs additional citations for
5089:1946 establishments in Germany
1569:Horst Hnidyk († 3 August 1989)
1454:Heinz Janello († 2 March 1951)
843:Czechoslovak People's Republic
739:(a small village southeast of
533:) from May 1952 to June 1953.
1:
1969:Hertle, Hans-Hermann (2007).
766:(in the present-day state of
1614:, West Germany border guards
1481:Manfred Weiß († 19 May 1962)
1463:Ulrich Krohn († 16 May 1952)
971:, 16 border county commands
743:in the present-day state of
562:Ministry of National Defence
345:'s main role was preventing
304:(MfNV) from 1961, and was a
302:Ministry of National Defence
171:Ministry of National Defense
2095:Rottman, Gordon L. (2008).
544:fleeing East Germany, 1961.
195:Ministry for State Security
5115:
3306:Republic of China (Taiwan)
2146:Border protection agencies
1364:
722:
688:Paß- und Kontrolleinheiten
525:Ministry of State Security
493:German Democratic Republic
269:German Democratic Republic
15:
5011:
980:(Grenzausbildungszentren)
588:had their own dark green
540:East German border guard
430:Soviet Zone of Occupation
355:deaths at the Berlin Wall
271:(GDR) from 1946 to 1990.
189:Ministry of the Interior
139:
132:
5064:Military of East Germany
2260:Central African Republic
1083:noncommissioned officers
1027:were reorganized as the
876:Polish People's Republic
859:)) with headquarters at
729:The headquarters of the
719:Organizational structure
679:, their exposure to the
631:reunification of Germany
412:during an exercise near
334:Border Protection Troops
5074:Borders of East Germany
3531:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2067:Fall of the Berlin Wall
2042:Who was who in the GDR?
2022:(in German). 2015-05-18
1951:(in German). 2015-04-16
1926:(in German). 2016-04-15
1901:(in German). 2015-07-20
1876:(in German). 2015-02-20
1851:(in German). 2015-03-26
1805:(in German). 2015-03-26
1634:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1122:(previously located in
968:(Grenzbezirkskommandos)
324:border guard after the
5031:Law enforcement agency
2304:Republic of the Congo
1417:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1362:
1327:
1289:
1235:
1198:
1169:were mechanised, with
1165:
1110:
1101:
1087:
1077:
1071:Training and equipment
1060:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1029:
1023:
995:
985:
979:
973:
967:
958:
948:Reorganization in 1989
917:
904:
894:
888:
882:
874:Border Brigade to the
865:
855:
849:
841:Border Brigade to the
832:
822:
816:
805:
790:
780:
757:
731:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
668:
659:Pass and Control Units
649:
641:
635:
622:
618:Solidarity trade union
604:
598:
596:with white lettering "
584:
576:National People's Army
566:
556:
550:
545:
529:
520:Ministerium des Innern
519:
513:lines, similar to the
505:
486:
480:
474:
464:
454:
442:
417:
408:
400:
391:
383:
379:activities across the
371:
347:
341:
310:National People's Army
276:
260:
191:(1946–1952, 1953–1961)
179:
4393:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3462:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3395:United Arab Emirates
2600:São Tomé and Príncipe
1711:Amnesty International
1505:(† 30 September 1962)
1344:
996:Deutsche Grenzpolizei
993:Subordination of the
986:Grenzbezirkskommandos
974:(Grenzkreiskommandos)
833:Artillerieregiment-40
694:Grenzübergangsstellen
671:For most visitors to
666:
539:
455:Deutsche Grenzpolizei
406:
389:
368:
290:international borders
2016:"Scharf, Hans-Adolf"
1529:(† 15 November 1968)
1469:(† 30 December 1952)
1374:Grenztruppen der DDR
1039:Grenztruppen der DDR
959:Grenztruppen der DDR
732:Grenztruppen der DDR
682:Grenztruppen der DDR
655:or Federal Police).
599:Grenztruppen der DDR
557:Grenztruppen der DDR
326:Soviet Border Troops
320:, the third-largest
261:Grenztruppen der DDR
181:Nationale Volksarmee
134:Grenztruppen der DDR
47:improve this article
5084:Inner German border
5043:Intelligence agency
4408:Trinidad and Tobago
4247:Dominican Republic
4168:Antigua and Barbuda
1895:"Portwich, Manfred"
1535:(† 18 January 1972)
1411:Line-of-duty deaths
1347:inner German border
1177:armoured vehicles.
1166:Grenzkommando Mitte
927:command-and-control
895:Grenzunterabschnitt
866:Grenzunterabschnitt
806:Grenzkommando Mitte
749:Königs Wusterhausen
706:(Hauptabteilung VI)
424:, each of the five
397:inner German border
381:inner German border
372:Grenzaufklärungszug
286:Inner German border
1870:"Spranger, Rudolf"
1520:(† 5 October 1964)
1499:(† 14 August 1962)
1476:Jörgen Schmidtchen
1363:
1331:river patrol boat
983:were created. The
878:"Hermann Gartmann"
758:Grenzkommando Nord
669:
570:became the fourth
546:
515:USSR Border Troops
418:
401:
384:
5079:GDR Border Troops
5051:
5050:
4518:Papua New Guinea
2355:Equatorial Guinea
1980:978-3-86153-463-1
1945:"Estel, Waldemar"
1799:"Schmidt, Werner"
1612:Bundesgrenzschutz
1566:(† 22 March 1985)
1554:(† 1 August 1981)
1552:Klaus-Peter Braun
1546:Ulrich Steinhauer
1359:Heinz-Josef Große
791:Grenzkommando Süd
643:Bundesgrenzschutz
416:on March 27, 1982
246:
245:
123:
122:
115:
97:
5106:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4970:
4959:
4941:
4933:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4885:
4876:Byzantine Empire
4872:
4499:Marshall Islands
2139:
2132:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2037:
2031:
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2028:
2027:
2020:www.fu-berlin.de
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
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1991:
1985:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:www.fu-berlin.de
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1924:www.fu-berlin.de
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1899:www.fu-berlin.de
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1874:www.fu-berlin.de
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1849:www.fu-berlin.de
1845:"Janello, Heinz"
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1803:www.fu-berlin.de
1795:
1789:
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1722:
1703:
1697:
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1690:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1509:Siegfried Widera
1493:(† 18 June 1962)
1420:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1376:
1330:
1322:
1308:
1292:
1284:
1268:
1252:
1238:
1231:
1201:
1168:
1138:grenade launcher
1117:
1104:
1090:
1085:was held at the
1080:
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1057:
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1041:
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988:
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696:
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684:
654:
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625:
607:
601:
587:
569:
559:
553:
532:
522:
508:
489:
483:
477:
467:
457:
447:
422:Second World War
411:
394:
374:
352:
344:
279:
199:
192:
187:
184:
175:
144:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
5114:
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5105:
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5054:
5053:
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5047:
5007:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4973:United Kingdom
4968:
4957:
4939:
4931:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4896:
4883:
4870:
4856:
4827:Northern Cyprus
4770:
4739:
4568:
4539:Solomon Islands
4442:
4156:
4126:United Kingdom
3917:North Macedonia
3591:Czech Republic
3450:
2759:
2153:
2143:
2113:
2107:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1920:"Krohn, Ulrich"
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1854:
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1843:
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1838:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
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1741:
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1720:
1718:
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1700:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1576:
1558:Eberhard Knospe
1540:Werner Weinhold
1487:(† 23 May 1962)
1413:
1369:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1285:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1241:German Shepherd
1232:
1216:
1142:German Shepherd
1073:
1001:
950:
913:"Fiete Schulze"
735:was located at
727:
721:
661:
542:Konrad Schumann
369:An East German
363:
249:
197:
193:
190:
188:
185:
173:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5112:
5110:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4971:
4963:
4960:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4923:
4915:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4886:
4881:Czechoslovakia
4878:
4873:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4775:Non-recognized
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4766:European Union
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:United Nations
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4677:
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4670:
4665:
4657:
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4647:
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4645:
4640:
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4620:
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4605:
4600:
4592:
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4590:
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4576:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4565:
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4536:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4467:Border Control
4461:
4456:
4454:American Samoa
4450:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:United States
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4344:
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4338:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4078:
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4072:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:Liechtenstein
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3739:
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3714:
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3707:
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3657:
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3642:
3634:
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3622:
3617:
3612:
3604:
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3597:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
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3441:
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3322:
3321:
3316:
3308:
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3302:
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3296:
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3256:
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3206:
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3183:
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3176:
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3148:
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3141:
3133:
3128:
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2357:
2352:
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2345:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2319:Côte d'Ivoire
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2057:
2050:
2032:
2007:
1986:
1979:
1961:
1936:
1911:
1886:
1861:
1836:
1815:
1790:
1769:
1748:
1727:
1698:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1560:(† 5 May 1982)
1555:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1412:
1409:
1365:Main article:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1113:Rosa Luxemburg
1072:
1069:
1000:
991:
949:
946:
845:"Walter Breit"
737:Bestensee-Pätz
723:Main article:
720:
717:
660:
657:
614:Czechoslovakia
590:arm-of-service
572:service branch
362:
359:
349:Republikflucht
306:service branch
247:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
137:
136:
130:
129:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5111:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Border guards
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4919:
4918:Liechtenstein
4916:
4911:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:Transnistria
4840:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:International
4742:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Border Police
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:South America
4571:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Border Patrol
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:North America
4159:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3946:
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3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
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3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
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3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:Turkmenistan
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:Saudi Arabia
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:Marzbani NAJA
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:South Africa
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2405:Guinea Bissau
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:Burkina Faso
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2108:
2106:9781846031939
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2076:3-86153-264-6
2072:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2051:3-86153-364-2
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1717:on 2006-10-01
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1661:, p. 61.
1660:
1655:
1652:
1649:, p. 58.
1648:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:Rolf Henniger
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:Günter Seling
1501:
1498:
1497:Rudi Arnstadt
1495:
1492:
1491:Reinhold Huhn
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:friendly fire
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:Units of the
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:Wilhelmshorst
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1075:Training for
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
992:
990:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
960:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
932:
928:
924:
919:
914:
910:
908:
907:
899:
896:
890:
884:
879:
877:
870:
867:
862:
857:
851:
846:
844:
837:
834:
829:
824:
818:
813:
809:
807:
800:
798:
794:
792:
785:
782:
777:
773:
769:
768:Saxony-Anhalt
765:
761:
759:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
726:
718:
716:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
678:
674:
665:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:Bundespolizei
645:
644:
637:
632:
627:
624:
619:
615:
611:
606:
600:
595:
591:
586:
581:
577:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
548:In 1961, the
543:
538:
534:
531:
526:
521:
516:
512:
507:
502:
498:
494:
488:
482:
476:
471:
468:, SMAD) as a
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
445:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
410:
405:
398:
393:
388:
382:
378:
373:
367:
360:
358:
356:
351:
350:
343:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:Military unit
241:
239:
235:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
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58:Find sources:
52:
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36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
18:Border Troops
5016:Border guard
5003:West Germany
4950:Soviet Union
4945:Roman Empire
4889:East Germany
4888:
4272:El Salvador
4152:Vatican City
4096:Switzerland
3896:Netherlands
3725:Border Guard
3439:Border Guard
3399:Border Guard
3369:Göçmen Hudut
3345:Timor-Leste
3289:Border Guard
3239:Border Guard
3189:Border Guard
3050:South Korea
2630:Sierra Leone
2343:Border Guard
2096:
2088:Bibliography
2066:
2060:
2041:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1989:
1970:
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1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1738:. 2017-06-08
1730:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1701:
1676:. Retrieved
1666:
1659:Rottman 2008
1654:
1647:Rottman 2008
1642:
1633:
1627:
1579:
1564:Uwe Dittmann
1518:Egon Schultz
1485:Peter Göring
1431:
1424:
1418:Grenztruppen
1414:
1405:German: ZERV
1401:
1396:Grenztruppen
1382:Schießbefehl
1370:
1328:Grenztruppen
1290:Grenztruppen
1236:Grenztruppen
1199:Grenztruppen
1179:
1162:
1128:
1102:Grenztruppen
1078:Grenztruppen
1074:
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1043:
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1020:
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605:Grenztruppen
585:Grenztruppen
567:Grenztruppen
551:Grenzpolizei
547:
506:Grenzpolizei
499:(SED) under
487:Grenzpolizei
481:Volkspolizei
475:Grenzpolizei
470:paramilitary
444:Volkspolizei
419:
409:Grenztruppen
392:Grenztruppen
342:Grenztruppen
338:
298:West Germany
288:, the GDR's
277:Grenztruppen
273:
265:border guard
252:
250:
161:East Germany
133:
109:
103:October 2021
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
5021:Coast guard
4996:(till 2013)
4988:(till 2008)
4980:(till 2007)
4969:(till 2023)
4958:(till 1940)
4940:(till 1991)
4932:(till 1939)
4921:(till 1923)
4913:(till 1943)
4905:(till 1945)
4897:(till 2010)
4884:(till 1939)
4871:(till 1939)
4831:Somaliland
4728:Immigration
4698:Immigration
4683:Migraciones
4509:New Zealand
4472:Immigration
4398:Saint Lucia
4212:Costa Rica
3840:Immigration
3836:Luxembourg
3475:Immigration
3415:Uzbekistan
3310:Tajikistan
3231:Philippines
3080:Kyrgyzstan
3046:North Korea
3030:Kazakhstan
2964:Immigration
2820:Bangladesh
2795:Azerbaijan
2771:Afghanistan
2665:South Sudan
2524:Mozambique
2484:Mauritania
1467:Helmut Just
1243:service dog
1214:Helicopters
999:(1948–1961)
906:Volksmarine
745:Brandenburg
677:West Berlin
673:East Berlin
450:centralized
322:Warsaw Pact
294:West Berlin
282:Berlin Wall
214:Garrison/HQ
198:(1952–1953)
186:(1961–1971)
174:(1961–1990)
5058:Categories
4719:Venezuela
4579:Argentina
4302:Guatemala
4007:San Marino
3892:Montenegro
3821:Lithuania
3691:Gibraltar
3270:Sri Lanka
2940:Indonesia
2879:Migratsiis
2625:Seychelles
2450:Madagascar
2380:The Gambia
2255:Cape Verde
2026:2021-12-30
2001:2021-12-30
1955:2021-12-30
1930:2021-12-30
1905:2021-12-30
1880:2021-12-30
1855:2021-12-30
1830:2021-12-30
1809:2021-12-30
1784:2021-12-30
1763:2021-12-30
1742:2019-09-22
1721:2008-03-11
1678:2017-07-23
1619:References
1533:Lutz Meier
1182:Makarov PM
1146:battalions
1062:Bundeswehr
1048:Bundeswehr
942:Baltic Sea
940:along the
934:battalions
812:Karlshorst
594:cuff title
414:Mühlhausen
318:conscripts
314:volunteers
263:) was the
222:Commanders
73:newspapers
4694:Suriname
4459:Australia
4381:SENAFRONT
4368:Nicaragua
4332:Honduras
4326:POLIFRONT
4306:DIPAFRONT
4293:Greenland
4221:Fronteras
4041:Slovenia
4026:Slovakia
3966:Portugal
3925:Grensekom
3546:Bulgaria
3325:Thailand
3266:Singapore
3226:Palestine
3214:GB Scouts
3200:Pakistan
3135:Mongolia
3110:Malaysia
2896:Hong Kong
2884:Politsiis
2744:Zimbabwe
2500:Mauritius
1351:Thuringia
1275:field car
1259:field car
1150:companies
1093:Perleberg
938:coastline
772:regiments
523:) to the
242:Abolished
232:Abolished
4962:Portugal
4850:UPVM MVD
4811:Luhansk
4781:Donetsk
4675:Paraguay
4650:Colombia
4594:Bolivia
4553:Vanuatu
4494:Kiribati
4251:CESFRONT
4243:Dominica
4178:Barbados
4111:Ukraine
3976:Romania
3871:Moldova
3741:Ireland
3721:Hungary
3717:Guernsey
3676:Germany
3636:Finland
3606:Denmark
3561:Croatia
3516:Belgium
3501:Belarus
3486:Austria
3471:Andorra
3150:Myanmar
3131:Maldives
2944:Imigrasi
2870:Georgia
2851:Cambodia
2775:Armenia
2709:Tunisia
2690:Tanzania
2604:Senegal
2579:Nigeria
2539:Namibia
2504:Morocco
2370:Ethiopia
2365:Eswatini
2335:Djibouti
2250:Cameroon
2234:Burundi
2215:Botswana
2164:Algeria
1687:cite web
1574:See also
1349:between
1312:PSzH-IVs
1220:Mil Mi-2
1148:of four
1131:infantry
1106:officers
856:GBr CSSR
747:), near
527:(MfS or
511:military
292:between
284:and the
5026:Customs
4902:Germany
4894:Estonia
4868:Albania
4861:Defunct
4820:UMS LNR
4815:SPO LNR
4796:Kosovo
4790:SPO DNR
4715:Uruguay
4659:Guyana
4655:Ecuador
4643:JENAMIG
4623:GESFRON
4614:Brazil
4603:DIGEMIG
4447:Oceania
4372:Panama
4352:Mexico
4348:Jamaica
4298:Grenada
4286:DISEFRO
4197:Canada
4182:Belize
4173:Bahamas
4081:Sweden
4011:Serbia
3991:Russia
3951:Poland
3921:Norway
3786:Latvia
3737:Iceland
3701:Greece
3651:France
3632:Estonia
3576:Cyprus
3467:Albania
3431:Vietnam
3424:MvaFRBB
3409:Manafth
3360:Turkey
3319:QS KDAM
3101:Lebanon
3065:Kuwait
3015:Jordan
2980:Israel
2816:Bahrain
2724:Uganda
2635:Somalia
2430:Liberia
2425:Lesotho
2360:Eritrea
2285:Comoros
2198:ABeGIEF
2179:Angola
1294:ZIL-131
1257:Trabant
1239:with a
1171:PSzH-IV
1154:battery
923:Rostock
889:GBr VRP
764:Stendal
709:of the
574:of the
438:Potsdam
428:in the
377:US Army
361:History
308:of the
267:of the
157:Country
87:scholar
4925:Poland
4845:PU MGB
4785:MS DNR
4634:Chile
4618:BPFron
4549:Tuvalu
4317:Haiti
4056:Spain
3887:Monaco
3851:Malta
3782:Jersey
3756:Italy
3615:Politi
3455:Europe
3435:Yemen
3419:DXX CQ
3285:Syria
3235:Qatar
3170:Nepal
3059:ROK MP
3039:UQK SQ
2900:India
2855:China
2846:Brunei
2841:Bhutan
2789:NSS SZ
2740:Zambia
2669:Sudan
2595:Rwanda
2559:Niger
2533:SENAMI
2455:Malawi
2434:Libya
2409:Kenya
2400:Guinea
2384:Ghana
2339:Egypt
2194:Benin
2158:Africa
2103:
2073:
2048:
1977:
1273:IFA P3
1158:mortar
1124:Plauen
956:, the
931:marine
797:Erfurt
776:flight
741:Berlin
633:, the
610:Poland
509:along
501:Soviet
426:states
330:Poland
257:German
209:47,000
167:Branch
149:Active
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
5036:Types
4955:Spain
4910:Italy
4733:SAIME
4679:Peru
4608:UPCOM
4544:Tonga
4534:Samoa
4527:PNGDF
4514:Palau
4504:Nauru
4478:Fiji
4436:USCIS
4336:DNSPF
4261:FTC-1
4256:DGMRD
4227:Cuba
4000:PSFSB
3760:DCIPF
3670:OFPRA
3655:DCPAF
3640:Migri
3565:UIDUP
3535:GPBiH
3185:Oman
3114:AKSEM
3106:Macau
3089:OKMMK
3069:GDLBS
3011:Japan
3004:Yamas
2999:Yamam
2989:Magav
2959:BAFIA
2955:Iran
2799:BPQMI
2694:Togo
2613:DPETV
2459:Mali
2375:Gabon
2328:ONECI
2264:Chad
1581:Grepo
1355:Hesse
1296:with
1204:RPG-7
1186:AK-47
1135:RPG-7
861:Pirna
712:Stasi
530:Stasi
434:Yalta
94:JSTOR
80:books
4993:UKBA
4835:SIBC
4800:DCAM
4431:USBP
4376:APAP
4281:DGME
4236:DIIE
4216:DGME
4206:IRCC
4201:CBSA
4191:DINS
4145:UKVI
4140:UKBF
4130:HMPO
4120:DPSU
4060:CGEF
4050:SUNZ
4035:ÚHCP
4015:KIRS
3995:GUVM
3960:UDSC
3910:KMar
3900:AVIM
3830:VSAT
3810:LaPo
3790:PMLP
3775:L'AC
3765:DLCI
3750:INIS
3745:GNIB
3710:KAPS
3685:BPOL
3680:BAMF
3665:OFII
3660:DGEF
3620:SIRI
3595:OAMP
3580:CRMD
3555:GDBP
3510:UGIM
3444:IPNA
3364:GIGM
3299:IAPD
3279:NBMC
3254:GDBG
3204:DGIP
3194:DGPR
3144:KKEG
3139:GIKG
3096:Laos
3034:KQQK
2994:PIBA
2976:Iraq
2919:ITBP
2889:SCMI
2764:Asia
2728:DCIC
2713:DGFE
2698:DGDN
2683:GDPI
2658:SAPS
2653:SAIS
2608:DPAF
2583:CMCF
2543:DICC
2513:DGST
2508:DGSN
2488:DGGN
2478:DRGS
2463:DGGN
2348:PINA
2308:DGST
2273:GNNT
2243:PAFE
2208:USSF
2183:PGFA
2150:list
2101:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2046:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1693:link
1353:and
1345:The
1298:KUNG
1206:and
1192:and
1173:and
1156:, a
1120:Suhl
872:The
839:The
802:The
787:The
754:The
612:and
580:MBFR
436:and
339:The
328:and
316:and
296:and
274:The
251:The
217:Pätz
206:Size
66:news
4985:BIA
4977:IND
4966:SEF
4937:BPT
4929:KOP
4805:DPK
4761:CIS
4723:GNB
4703:KMP
4688:PNP
4668:GPF
4663:DOC
4638:CdC
4588:GNA
4583:DNM
4562:VIS
4522:ICA
4487:FID
4482:BAF
4426:ICE
4421:DMB
4416:CBP
4386:SNM
4361:INM
4341:INM
4321:DIE
4311:IGM
4266:UPF
4186:BMA
4115:DMS
4105:SEM
4100:SBG
4090:SMA
4085:NOA
4075:SEM
4070:OAR
4045:SMP
4020:UGP
3985:PFR
3980:IGI
3970:ACM
3945:UNE
3940:UDI
3930:GSV
3905:IND
3875:BMA
3865:AFM
3860:MPF
3855:IMA
3845:PGD
3815:SBG
3805:APA
3770:GdF
3730:OIF
3705:DAM
3695:BCA
3645:RVL
3600:SCP
3585:YAM
3570:UZG
3540:SPS
3525:DGA
3520:IBZ
3505:DPK
3495:LPD
3490:BFA
3480:UFE
3404:ICA
3389:DSG
3384:DMG
3374:JGK
3354:UPF
3329:BPP
3294:BSF
3274:DIE
3259:GDP
3244:GDP
3179:DOI
3174:APF
3164:MIP
3159:BGP
3154:BGF
3119:JIM
3084:MCK
3074:GDR
3054:KIS
3024:DBS
3019:BRD
2984:CPA
2934:SSB
2929:SFF
2914:BSF
2909:BOI
2874:BPG
2864:NIA
2859:CII
2829:DIP
2824:BGB
2809:DSX
2804:DMX
2779:AVV
2753:PSU
2748:DIZ
2733:FFU
2718:GNT
2703:GNT
2678:GAB
2673:BIB
2648:JOD
2643:BMA
2618:DST
2588:NIS
2573:GNN
2563:DST
2553:SFF
2548:NAB
2528:RPF
2518:GRM
2493:DST
2473:DPF
2468:DNF
2443:LPA
2438:LBG
2418:DIS
2413:BPU
2393:GIS
2388:BGU
2323:DST
2313:DIE
2298:DPF
2293:DGM
2278:PNT
2238:CGM
2228:DSE
2223:DPF
2203:DEI
2188:SME
2173:PAF
2168:GNA
1415:29
1271:An
1208:PKM
1194:RPD
1190:RPK
1188:),
1175:FUG
1126:).
1118:in
1091:in
898:).
869:).
332:'s
49:by
5060::
4708:VZ
4628:PF
4557:BV
4356:GN
4231:BF
4135:IE
4065:GC
4030:MÚ
3955:SG
3935:PU
3880:PF
3825:MD
3795:RS
3625:US
3610:HS
3550:DM
3349:SM
3339:TP
3334:IB
3314:MS
3219:PR
3209:FC
3124:RS
2924:RR
2904:AR
2834:SB
2784:MS
2568:GN
2268:GN
2018:.
1947:.
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