66:(NREM). CAP is organized into sequences of successive cycles composed of two phases, A and B. Phase A involves phasic events, in other words, not continuous. Phase A subtypes of CAP allow adaptive adjustments of ongoing states to internal and external inputs. Phase B refers to background rhythm during CAP. Furthermore, CAP involves cerebral activities and is influenced by
1161:
43:. It is the reorganization of the sleeping brain challenged by the modification of environmental conditions and it is characterized by periodic abnormal electrocortical activity that recurs with a frequency of up to one minute. It is considered "the EEG marker of unstable sleep". CAP does not occur during
109:, with CPAP treatment for OSA, and during night-time recovery sleep after prolonged sleep deprivation. There is a relationship present between CAP and arousals that allows for adjustments of vigilance during sleep. If there is a failure in this relationship during sleep, sleep disorders may develop.
112:
Rechtschaffen and Kales developed the standard criteria for sleep staging in 1968. In 1992, the AASM defined arousals as markers of sleep disruption, which is harmful for sleep. According to
Boselli, et al., in 1998 it was noted that spontaneous arousals are natural in sleep and increase over life.
296:
Eisensehr, I.; Parrino, L.; Noachtar, S.; Smerieri, A.; Terzano, M.G. (2001-09-01). "Sleep in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: the role oft the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in the gate control of clinical seizures and generalized polyspikes".
393:"A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Allan Rechtschaffen and Anthony Kales, editors. - NLM Catalog - NCBI"
253:
Parrino, Liborio; Ferri, Raffaele; Bruni, Oliviero; Terzano, Mario G. (February 2012). "Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP): the marker of sleep instability".
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CAP is a marker of NREM instability and is also the "master clock" that accompanies the stage transitions maintained in
63:
48:
1236:
864:
416:
Boselli, M.; Parrino, L.; Smerieri, A.; Terzano, M. G. (1998-06-15). "Effect of age on EEG arousals in normal sleep".
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97:, noted in both the EEG and by autonomic functions through regular fluctuations. CAP is decreased in
28:
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Terzano, M. G.; Mancia, D.; Salati, M. R.; Costani, G.; Decembrino, A.; Parrino, L. (1985).
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74:. Interaction between CAP and neurovegetative fluctuations and motor events determine the
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206:"Cyclic alternating pattern in polysomnography: what is it and what does it mean?"
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132:"The cyclic alternating pattern as a physiologic component of normal NREM sleep"
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Parrino, Liborio; Grassi, Andrea; Milioli, Giulia (November 2014).
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activity which is ongoing and occurs in the absence of sensory
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CAP is a marker of sleep instability and it is found during
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16:Pattern of brain activity that occurs during sleep
59:discharges by means of a gate-control mechanism.
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27:) is a pattern of two long-lasting alternate
8:
51:, CAP modulates the occurrence of clinical
1203:
1189:
785:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
587:
470:
456:
448:
345:Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
221:
181:Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
147:
86:(CPAP) treatment which is used to treat
122:
210:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
7:
1157:
1155:
338:
336:
84:continuous positive airway pressure
1175:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
35:. It is a pattern of spontaneous
1159:
625:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
620:Central hypoventilation syndrome
347:. Elsevier. pp. 1586–1587.
82:and the effect of medication on
780:Periodic limb movement disorder
747:Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
1:
1052:Biphasic and polyphasic sleep
860:Nocturnal clitoral tumescence
722:Advanced sleep phase disorder
311:10.1016/S0920-1211(01)00280-7
31:(EEG) patterns that occur in
732:Delayed sleep phase disorder
660:Excessive daytime sleepiness
369:"Cyclic alternating pattern"
223:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000100
64:non-rapid eye movement sleep
865:Nocturnal penile tumescence
737:Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
1253:
1154:
727:Cyclic alternating pattern
267:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.003
183:. Elsevier. p. 1576.
21:cyclic alternating pattern
943:Behavioral sleep medicine
752:Shift work sleep disorder
700:Sleep state misperception
500:Rapid eye movement (REM)
45:rapid eye movement sleep
821:Exploding head syndrome
630:Obstructive sleep apnea
103:multiple system atrophy
88:obstructive sleep apnea
49:Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
1227:Electroencephalography
1136:Sleeping while on duty
685:Idiopathic hypersomnia
255:Sleep Medicine Reviews
105:, in certain cases of
958:Neuroscience of sleep
690:Night eating syndrome
675:Kleine–Levin syndrome
149:10.1093/sleep/8.2.137
1112:Sleep and creativity
397:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
29:electroencephalogram
1107:Sleep and breathing
563:Sensorimotor rhythm
107:drug administration
1237:Neuroscience stubs
1117:Sleep and learning
870:Nocturnal emission
770:Nightmare disorder
635:Periodic breathing
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1127:Sleep deprivation
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965:
299:Epilepsy Research
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1222:Sleep physiology
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1122:Sleep and memory
1062:Circadian rhythm
809:Benign phenomena
711:Circadian rhythm
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55:and generalized
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1040:Procrastination
993:Four-poster bed
962:
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920:Polysomnography
898:Sleep induction
874:
845:Sleep paralysis
804:
756:
715:
712:
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605:Mouth breathing
583:Sleep disorders
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505:Quiescent sleep
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483:sleep disorders
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373:www.medlink.com
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343:Kryger (2017).
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179:Kryger (2017).
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80:sleep disorders
76:pathophysiology
72:motor functions
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1067:Comfort object
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938:Sleep medicine
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424:(4): 351–357.
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305:(3): 241–250.
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216:(6): 533–541.
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850:Sleep inertia
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800:Sleep-talking
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795:Sleep driving
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568:Sleep spindle
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26:
23:(abbreviated
22:
1177:expanding it
1169:neuroscience
1166:
1151:
1013:Sleeping bag
790:Sleepwalking
775:Night terror
726:
492:sleep cycles
421:
417:
411:
400:. Retrieved
396:
387:
376:. Retrieved
372:
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261:(1): 27–45.
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95:sleep phases
92:
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1097:Second wind
1072:Dream diary
948:Sleep study
888:Sleep diary
840:Hypnopompia
835:Sleep onset
826:Hypnic jerk
665:Hypersomnia
615:Catathrenia
610:Sleep apnea
520:Brain waves
490:Stages of
78:of several
41:stimulation
1216:Categories
1131:Sleep debt
1077:Microsleep
1057:Chronotype
971:Daily life
855:Somnolence
831:Hypnagogia
762:Parasomnia
680:Narcolepsy
592:Anatomical
573:Theta wave
543:Gamma wave
538:Delta wave
528:Alpha wave
402:2018-11-08
378:2018-11-08
117:References
99:narcolepsy
47:(REM). In
1141:Sleepover
1092:Power nap
1087:Nightwear
953:Melatonin
915:Somnology
880:Treatment
713:disorders
652:Dyssomnia
558:PGO waves
553:Mu rhythm
548:K-complex
533:Beta wave
510:Slow-wave
430:0161-8105
319:0920-1211
275:1532-2955
232:1531-6971
158:0161-8105
68:autonomic
57:epileptic
1008:Mattress
983:Bunk bed
903:Hypnosis
695:Nocturia
670:Insomnia
327:11518625
283:21616693
240:25188718
53:seizures
37:cortical
1035:Bedtime
1030:Bedroom
1025:Bedding
1020:Bed bug
1003:Hammock
908:Lullaby
742:Jet lag
642:Snoring
600:Bruxism
438:9646379
166:4012156
90:(OSA).
1102:Siesta
988:Daybed
816:Dreams
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1167:This
1045:Story
998:Futon
931:Other
479:Sleep
418:Sleep
136:Sleep
33:sleep
1173:stub
481:and
434:PMID
426:ISSN
349:ISBN
323:PMID
315:ISSN
279:PMID
271:ISSN
236:PMID
228:ISSN
185:ISBN
162:PMID
154:ISSN
70:and
19:The
1082:Nap
978:Bed
307:doi
263:doi
218:doi
144:doi
25:CAP
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422:21
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335:^
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140:8
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