339:) for this word, but the term does not seem to have been generally accepted by oceanographers. There appears to be a great diversity of opinion about the correct spelling of the English word for this mixing process partly, perhaps, due to different opinions concerning the etymology of the word. One opinion is that the word should be spelled "caballing" meaning "to unite in an intrigue" since the two components conspire to form a more dense mixture. Another opinion is that "Kabbelung" should be anglicized to "cabbeling" and can be used to designate the mixing process itself rather than the appearance of a choppy sea surface which was evidently Witte's intention. Rather than introduce a new term we shall follow Stommel (1960, p.31) and refer to the process as "cabbeling".
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Witte thought that the process would be so effective that the sinking would give rise to a rippled or choppy appearance of the sea surface, which in German nautical terminology has been designated "Kabbelung". There is a not very common
English cognate "cobbeling" (Webster's
80:. A mixture of 1 °C water and 6 °C water, for instance, might have a temperature of 4 °C, making it denser than either parent. Ice is also less dense than water, so although ice floats in warm water, meltwater sinks in warm water.
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Visualization of cabbeling in an example
Temperature-Salinity diagram. Combining water masses A and B in equal proportions forms water mass C, which has a higher density than either A or B.
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The densification of the new mixed water parcel is a result of a slight contraction upon mixing; a decrease in volume of the combined water parcel. A new water parcel that has the same
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is when two separate water parcels mix to form a third which sinks below both parents. The combined water parcel is denser than the original two water parcels.
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are responsible for bringing this warmer, saltier water to higher latitudes, especially on the eastern shores of
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Witte (1902) was evidently the first person to point out the possible importance of this process in the ocean.
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The importance of this process in oceanography was first pointed out by Witte, in a 1902 publication (
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confusion and disagreements as to the correct spelling of the term; for details, see
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Beer, Tom (1997). Environmental oceanography. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 123.
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continents. The phenomenon of cabbeling has been particularly noted in the
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slightly saltier. But medium-warm, medium-salty water can be denser than
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saltier, warmer water; in other words, the equation of state for
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Cabbeling may occur in high incidence in high latitude waters.
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10.1175/1520-0485(1972)002<0294:AAOTCI>2.0.CO;2
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10.1175/1520-0485(1972)002<0294:AAOTCI>2.0.CO;2
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waters are a place where cold and fresh water melting from
258:"An Analysis of the Cabbeling Instability in Sea Water"
304:"An Analysis of Cabbeling Instability in Sea Water"
45:. Seawater almost always gets denser if it gets
76:Cabbeling may also occur in fresh water, since
33:The two parent water parcels may have the same
117:The German origin of the term has caused some
355:. University of California Press. p. 31.
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78:pure water is densest at about 4 °C (39 °F)
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149:continents, and on the western shores of
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378:Cabbeling in the Greenland Basin paper
16:Mixing of water masses which then sink
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337:Second New International Dictionary
366:Cabbeling in the Weddell Sea paper
103:"Zur Theorie der Stromkabbelungen"
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123:the Wiktionary entry on cabelling
308:Journal of Physical Oceanography
263:Journal of Physical Oceanography
141:meets warmer, saltier water.
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256:Theodore D. Foster (1972).
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184:, Section 5.4.3 Cabbeling.
129:High-latitude cabbeling
302:Foster, T. D. (1972).
239:"AGU: Advanced Search"
57:fresher, colder water
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351:Stommel, H. (1960).
320:1972JPO.....2..294F
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151:Southern Hemisphere
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203:. Retrieved
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155:Weddell Sea
390:Categories
270:(3): 296.
205:2016-01-25
165:References
110:Gaea, Köln
71:non-linear
39:salinities
67:monotonic
28:Cabbeling
222:Archived
157:and the
63:seawater
316:Bibcode
272:Bibcode
139:sea ice
35:density
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89:volume
69:, but
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406:Lakes
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