269:, stage V copepodites likely moult (below depths of 500 metres (1,600 ft) to males and females before their third-year of overwintering. During this winter, some mature females are found near the surface. This shows a life cycle of three years (in the case of the male, which is not found during the summer) and three to four years (for the female). In other areas, like the Greenland Sea Gyre, development into adults may occur in the second year of development, indicating a likely life cycle of two to three years.
46:
33:
217:
anywhere from 2.5 to 5.6 millimetres (0.098 to 0.220 in). The antennae are longer or of equal length to the body. This copepod is very clear, and is generally colourless. The gut walls and posterior may be orange to dark red in colour, with a prominent lipid sac that is usually red-orange. The borders between segments have a deep red pigment.
261:
stage IV copepodites over the next summer. After overwintering again, they grow to stage V during the next summer, increasing their dry mass by a factor of seven, and expanding their lipid content to be more than 65% of their dry mass. The development into an adult occurs over another winter, after which
253:). The male is most abundant during the breeding season, found between 500 and 1,000 metres (1,600 and 3,300 ft) in depth at this time. The females lay clutches at depths between 200 and 500 metres (660 and 1,640 ft), usually at intervals of 9 to 10 days, generally containing 51 to 150 eggs.
260:
based on food availability. After the plankton bloom, the eggs develop into stage II and III copepodites and feed actively near the surface from May to
October (summer). They then overwinter, generally at depths from 800 to 1,500 metres (2,600 to 4,900 ft), as stage III copepodites, and grow to
296:
also has longer chained fatty alcohols and (albeit to a lesser extent) fatty acids than the two other species. This is likely due to the higher concentration of energy per unit mass of longer chained fatty alcohols and acids. Finally, this species also has higher concentrations of polyunsaturated
216:
varies with its geography; individuals located in more temperate waters usually range from just over 4 to 5.5 millimetres (0.16 to 0.22 in) in more temperate waters, whereas those in colder areas usually range from 6 to 7 millimetres (0.24 to 0.28 in). The length of its prosome can vary
1019:
875:
914:
999:
1009:
849:
888:
282:
has a higher concentration of lipids as a percentage of dry mass. Additionally, its lipid stores have a higher concentration of wax esters than
1014:
927:
470:
Sainmont, Julie; Andersen, Ken H.; Varpe, Øystein; Visser, André W. (2014). "Capital versus income breeding in a seasonal environment".
1004:
836:
966:
893:
901:
810:
725:"Species differences, origins and functions of fatty alcohols and fatty acids in the wax esters and phospholipids of
919:
668:
Scott, Catherine L.; Kwasniewski, S.; Falk-Petersen, Stig; Sargent, John R. (2000). "Lipids and life strategies of
348:"Inter- and intraspecific variation in body- and genome size in calanoid copepods from temperate and arctic waters"
204:
found in the Arctic and northern
Atlantic. It occurs from the surface to depths of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).
45:
266:
249:
This copepod spawns between
October and March (winter), using lipid-reserves to fuel reproduction (making it a
156:
778:
815:
140:
971:
457:
274:
994:
958:
705:
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165:
40:
880:
940:
823:
758:
697:
642:
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32:
945:
748:
689:
634:
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543:
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359:
250:
233:
380:
347:
988:
318:
229:
709:
654:
607:
507:
828:
574:
Hirche, Hans-Jürgen; Niehoff, Barbara (1996). "Reproduction of the Arctic copepod
526:
Falk-Petersen, Stig; Mayzaud, Patrick; Kattner, Gerhard; Sargent, John R. (2009).
953:
906:
862:
409:
spp. off the
Canadian Arctic and Atlantic Coasts: impact on species' abundances"
346:
Leinaas, Hans Petter; Jalal, Marwa; Gabrielsen, Tove M.; Hessen, Dag O. (2016).
801:
548:
527:
256:
Life spans from one to two years to four to six years have been suggested for
762:
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371:
841:
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314:
107:
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57:
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854:
753:
724:
591:
322:
201:
117:
87:
867:
363:
326:
236:
in the
Atlantic. It occurs as deep as 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).
67:
772:
483:
452:
723:
Scott, CL; Kwasniewski, S; Falk-Petersen, S; Sargent, JR (2002).
932:
776:
521:
519:
517:
578:
in the
Greenland Sea-field and laboratory observations".
785:
569:
567:
621:Hirche, H.-J. (1997). "Life cycle of the copepod
403:Parent, G. J.; Plourde, S.; Turgeon, J. (2011).
8:
773:
31:
20:
752:
680:in late autumn, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard".
547:
424:
379:
338:
448:
446:
444:
228:is found in the Arctic, north of the
7:
528:"Lipids and life strategy of Arctic
1020:Taxa named by Henrik Nikolai Krøyer
265:breeds. In some areas, such as the
14:
1000:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
1010:Crustaceans of the Pacific Ocean
317:and a filter feeder, feeding on
44:
741:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1:
1015:Crustaceans described in 1838
413:Journal of Plankton Research
405:"Overlapping size ranges of
272:Compared to the congeneric
245:Reproduction and life-cycle
1036:
1005:Fauna of the Arctic Ocean
549:10.1080/17451000802512267
171:
164:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
297:fatty acids than either
267:West Spitsbergen Current
625:in the Greenland Sea".
536:Marine Biology Research
472:The American Naturalist
232:in the Pacific and the
694:10.1007/s003000000114
639:10.1007/s002270050127
453:"Calanus hyperboreus"
426:10.1093/plankt/fbr072
352:Ecology and Evolution
16:Species of crustacean
670:Calanus finmarchicus
458:Encyclopedia of Life
787:Calanus hyperboreus
737:from Arctic waters"
727:Calanus hyperboreus
678:Calanus hyperboreus
623:Calanus hyperboreus
576:Calanus hyperboreus
226:Calanus hyperboreus
197:Calanus hyperboreus
150:Calanus hyperboreus
132:C. hyperboreus
25:Calanus hyperboreus
754:10.3354/meps235127
592:10.1007/BF02329209
313:This species is a
982:
981:
941:Open Tree of Life
779:Taxon identifiers
674:Calanus glacialis
419:(11): 1654–1665.
364:10.1002/ece3.2302
358:(16): 5585–5595.
193:
192:
187:
179:
1027:
975:
974:
962:
961:
949:
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936:
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907:NHMSYS0021050986
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832:
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512:
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467:
461:
450:
439:
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394:
393:
383:
343:
185:
183:Calanus plumosus
177:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
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1025:
1024:
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840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
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771:
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735:C. finmarchicus
722:
721:
717:
667:
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662:
620:
619:
615:
573:
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515:
469:
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451:
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402:
401:
397:
345:
344:
340:
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311:
299:C. finmarchicus
284:C. finmarchicus
275:C. finmarchicus
251:capital breeder
247:
242:
234:Lofoten Islands
223:
210:
160:
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43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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820:
807:
791:
789:
783:
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777:
769:
768:
715:
688:(7): 510–516.
660:
633:(4): 607–618.
627:Marine Biology
613:
586:(3): 209–219.
563:
513:
484:10.1086/677926
478:(4): 466–476.
462:
440:
395:
337:
336:
334:
331:
310:
307:
294:C. hyperboreus
280:C. hyperboreus
263:C. hyperboreus
258:C. hyperboreus
246:
243:
241:
238:
222:
219:
214:C. hyperboreus
209:
206:
191:
190:
189:
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175:Calanus magnus
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682:Polar Biology
679:
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580:Polar Biology
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324:
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319:phytoplankton
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277:
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231:
230:Bering Strait
227:
220:
218:
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207:
205:
203:
199:
198:
186:Lubbock, 1854
184:
181:
178:Lubbock, 1854
176:
173:
172:
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167:
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158:
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151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
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42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
786:
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740:
734:
731:C. glacialis
730:
726:
718:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
630:
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622:
616:
583:
579:
575:
542:(1): 18–39.
539:
535:
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355:
351:
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303:C. glacialis
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289:C. glacialis
287:
283:
279:
273:
271:
262:
257:
255:
248:
225:
224:
221:Distribution
213:
212:The size of
211:
196:
195:
194:
182:
174:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
954:SeaLifeBase
863:iNaturalist
747:: 127–134.
208:Description
989:Categories
333:References
78:Arthropoda
995:Calanoida
763:0171-8630
702:0722-4060
647:0025-3162
600:0722-4060
558:1745-1000
492:0003-0147
435:0142-7873
372:2045-7758
315:herbivore
126:Species:
108:Calanidae
98:Calanoida
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
881:10460985
802:Q6552508
796:Wikidata
710:13183622
655:83889638
608:29532519
508:28848120
500:25226182
390:27547339
323:protists
166:Synonyms
104:Family:
88:Copepoda
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
946:1089876
855:5166405
530:Calanus
455:at the
407:Calanus
381:4983576
327:diatoms
309:Feeding
240:Ecology
202:copepod
119:Calanus
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
972:104467
933:104467
920:114069
868:567477
761:
708:
700:
653:
645:
606:
598:
556:
506:
498:
490:
433:
388:
378:
370:
159:, 1838
157:Krøyer
967:WoRMS
959:29197
894:85266
876:IRMNG
842:24467
837:EUNIS
829:5X6D8
816:31232
706:S2CID
651:S2CID
604:S2CID
504:S2CID
200:is a
928:OBIS
915:NCBI
889:ITIS
850:GBIF
811:BOLD
759:ISSN
733:and
698:ISSN
676:and
643:ISSN
596:ISSN
554:ISSN
496:PMID
488:ISSN
431:ISSN
386:PMID
368:ISSN
321:and
286:and
902:NBN
824:CoL
749:doi
745:235
690:doi
635:doi
631:128
588:doi
544:doi
480:doi
476:184
421:doi
376:PMC
360:doi
301:or
991::
969::
956::
943::
930::
917::
904::
891::
878::
865::
852::
839::
826::
813::
798::
757:.
743:.
739:.
729:,
704:.
696:.
686:23
684:.
672:,
649:.
641:.
629:.
602:.
594:.
584:16
582:.
566:^
552:.
538:.
534:.
516:^
502:.
494:.
486:.
474:.
443:^
429:.
417:33
415:.
411:.
384:.
374:.
366:.
354:.
350:.
329:.
305:.
292:.
278:,
765:.
751::
712:.
692::
657:.
637::
610:.
590::
560:.
546::
540:5
532:"
510:.
482::
437:.
423::
392:.
362::
356:6
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