93:
50:
19:
338:
is a “down” style, meaning that words are lowercase unless there is specific guidance to capitalize them such as words beginning a sentence; proper nouns and trade names; job titles and positions; diseases, disorders, therapies, theories, and related terms; titles of works and headings within works;
774:
Franklincovey, Stephen R. Covey Style Guide: For
Business and Technical Communication - Page 317 2012 "Capitalize the first letter of titles when they immediately precede personal names, but do not capitalize the first letter when ... 3: Titles used in a general sense are not capitalized: a U.S.
712:
Providence is sometimes used to mean God, that is, the One who provides for us; Heaven likewise is used to mean the One who reigns in heaven. In such cases the word should begin with a capital. But if only God's providential care, or his place of abode is meant, a capital is not
392:
English usage is not consistent, but generally prepositions and articles are not capitalized: "the Forest of Dean", "Gone with the Wind", "University of
Southampton". With some publications "The" forms part of the title: "reading The Times". For a more detailed explanation see
326:
Depending on which style guide is used for capitalization, certain rules regarding specific words, such as prepositions, nouns, and pronouns, apply. In titles, the following words need to be capitalized according to each of the following style guides:
562:
But are the rules for capitalisation in
English clear cut? In his detailed account, Tom McArthur (1992) comments that while some people prefer to capitalise the first letter of the first word of a phrase following a colon others keep to lower
304:
planets and other celestial bodies: "Jupiter", "the Crab Nebula"; and "the Earth", "the Sun", or "the Moon" should be capitalized according to the
International Astronomical Union based on its manual of style, but style guides may suggest
195:
and style manuals for
English usage, the practice faded in Britain so that by the beginning of the 19th century common nouns were only occasionally capitalized, such as in advertisements. Yet the style lasted as late as the
599:
L. Sue Baugh
Essentials of English Grammar: A Practical Guide to the Mastery of English (9780844258218) Second Edition 1994 p59 "Religious Names and Terms: The names of all religions, denominations, and local groups are
76:
capitalization in manuscripts remained haphazard, and was often done for visual aesthetics more than grammar; in poetry, the first letter of each line of verse is often capitalized. With the development of the
904:
The New Law
Journal: 142 1992 "Mr. Justice Rose has never got out of the habit of reading The Times since he was at Oxford and obtained it at a special ... "I finish the day by reading The Times, usually in
411:
Generally acronyms and initialisms are capitalized, e.g., "NASA" or "SOS". Sometimes, a minor word such as a preposition is not capitalized within the acronym, such as "WoW" for "World of
Warcraft". In some
315:
in legal documents, where the full name of an individual or body is later referred to in short form, in order to avoid ambiguity: "John Smith (the
Plaintiff)", "Exxon-Mobil Corporation (the Company)".
339:
titles of tests and measures; nouns followed by numerals or letters; names of conditions or groups in an experiment; and names of study factors, variables, and effects.
274:
compass directions when referring to geographical regions: "Western Canada", "I was raised in the South", but not for points on a compass: "London is west of Berlin".
235:" (all letters are capitalized), and Title Case (where the first letter of each word is capitalized). Capitals are sometimes used and sometimes not used after a
81:
in Europe and
England capitalization of initial letters and proper nouns became more regularized, perhaps partly to distinguish new sentences in a time where
286:
religions: "an Anglican curate", "a Catholic church" (adjective), but not "a catholic diet" in which catholic simply means "all-encompassing" or "universal."
670:
English Grammar For Dummies® Lesley J. Ward, Geraldine Woods - 2010 Capitalizing the deity - Words referring to God require a special capitalization rule.
688:
When any name usually applied to the Supreme Being is used for a created being, it does not begin with a capital; as, "The Lord is a great God above all
784:
Homer L. Hall, Logan H. Aimone -High School Journalism 2008" 11. Capitalize King and Queen when used before a name. Otherwise, do not capitalize."
555:
298:
brand names: "Toyota", "Nike", "Coca-Cola", unless the brand itself is purposely not capitalized or unusually capitalized: "iPhone", "eBay".
650:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Dundurn Press in co-operation with Public Works and Government Services Canada (Translation Bureau). 1997. §4.12.
655:
631:
92:
416:
style guides, only the initial letter of an acronym is capitalized if the acronym is read as a word, e.g., "Nasa" or "Unesco."
915:
759:
734:
308:
words which change their meaning between capitalized and uncapitalized usage, such as "liberal" and "Liberal", are called
442:
117:
89:
show capitalization both of new lines and sentences, proper nouns, and some significant common nouns and verbs.
952:
227:, where the first letter of the sentence is capitalized, and all others are lower case with the exception of
957:
795:
277:
nouns and adjectives referring to races, tribes, nationalities, and languages: "Arabic", "Inuit", "French".
82:
622:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Dundurn Press in co-operation with Public Works and Government Services Canada (
109:
301:
royal titles: "King George III" but "kings and queens of England", but only sometimes 'sir' or 'madam'.
936:
881:
312:: Compare "A man of liberal tastes" and "The leader of the Liberal Party" (as with "catholic" above).
105:
271:
personal and place names: "John", "Mr. Smith", "Amsterdam", "Europe", "Mount Everest", "the Ganges".
920:
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school subjects and courses: "He passed History this term", "She is taking Chemistry 101".
413:
216:
205:
705:
681:
425:
394:
78:
73:
38:
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national and regional adjectives: "an American" (noun), "an American man" (adjective).
946:
576:
380:
Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions.
364:
Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions.
224:
201:
257:
pronoun "I". One theory for this unusual usage is that in early printing lowercase
228:
113:
22:
The capital letter "A" in the Latin alphabet followed by its lower case equivalent.
481:
112:
in 1660, printing began to favor more and more capitalization of nouns following
707:
A Manual of Composition and Rhetoric : a Text-book for Schools and Colleges
683:
A Manual of Composition and Rhetoric : a Text-book for Schools and Colleges
505:
447:
251:
69:
65:
61:
18:
192:
383:
Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions.
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Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions.
289:
the Supreme Being, deities and personifications: "God", "Providence", "Fame".
819:
335:
309:
240:
388:
Capitalization of multi-word place names, institutions, and titles of works
430:
232:
231:. In printing, normal sentence case may be substituted by UPPER CASE or "
108:, with the influence of continental printing practices after the English
250:
with some nouns, pronouns and adjectives, usually if a noun indicates a
406:
295:
days and months: "Monday", "January", but not seasons such as "autumn".
262:
72:, and at best had embossed or decorated letters indicating sections.
191:
But by the end of the 18th century with the growth of prescriptive
91:
48:
17:
833:
292:
reverential pronouns: "His, Him" when referring to God or Christ.
155:
ranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general
33:
grammar is the use of a capital letter at the start of a word.
727:
Applications of Grammar: Principles of Effective Communication
547:
The Primary English Encyclopedia: The Heart of the Curriculum
223:
at the beginning of a sentence. This in printing is known as
351:
Capitalize nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns.
239:, although they are used in some citation systems such as
916:
Revealed: The 21 new Unesco World Heritage sites for 2016
609:
Government Printing Office Style Manual, sect 3.21, 3.22
775:
representative a king a prime minister an ambassador"
506:"Constitution of the United States - We the People"
85:remained sparse and irregularly used. The plays of
648:The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing
620:The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing
348:Capitalize words that are four letters or longer.
120:of 1787 show major capitalization of most nouns:
354:Capitalize the second part of hyphenated words.
820:"International Astronomical Union | IAU"
439:(used to express a sarcastic or mocking tone)
208:'s poems still capitalize many common nouns.
8:
752:Practical Legal Writing for Legal Assistants
448:Letter case: Headings and publication titles
377:Capitalize words with three or more letters.
482:"LUNA: Folger First Folio Image Collection"
401:Capitalization of acronyms and initialisms
924:. 19 July 2016; retrieved 27 August 2016.
470:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 225.
322:Title capitalization in different styles
550:(4th ed.). Routledge. p. 51.
458:
171:osterity, do ordain and establish this
796:"When to capitalize "sir" and "madam""
520:"The rise and fall of capital letters"
7:
433:(used to shout, and on some signage)
468:A Biography of the English Language
64:did not have a distinction between
886:The Chicago Manual of Style Online
57:(Ellesmere Manuscript, about 1400)
14:
45:History of English capitalization
39:capitalization in other languages
754:. Cengage Learning. p. 71.
96:Capitalization in Shakespeare's
729:. Liberty Press. p. 112.
261:was confused with words using
1:
577:"Simple Capitalisation Guide"
834:"Title Capitalization Rules"
794:Servais, Erin (2013-02-18).
395:Capitalization § Titles
167:iberty to ourselves and our
143:rder to form a more perfect
53:Capitalization in Chaucer's
266:as a past participle marker
974:
710:. Eldredge & Brother.
686:. Eldredge & Brother.
560:– via Google Books.
544:Mallett, Margaret (2012).
443:Capitalization of Internet
404:
937:Capitalization in English
704:Hart, John Seely (1875).
680:Hart, John Seely (1875).
116:. The first lines of the
31:capitalisation in English
939:at the UnitedNations.org
466:Millward, C. M. (1989).
151:ustice, ensure domestic
359:Chicago Manual of Style
159:elfare, and secure the
882:"Title Capitalization"
750:Elwell, Celia (1996).
189:
101:
100:(Bodleian First Folio)
58:
23:
372:Associated Press (AP)
122:
95:
52:
21:
508:. 10 September 2020.
175:onstitution for the
106:Early Modern English
838:Capitalize My Title
725:Shewan, Ed (2003).
407:Acronym § Case
624:Translation Bureau
245:independent clause
243:when beginning an
212:When to capitalize
102:
59:
37:usage varies from
24:
557:978-0-415-58952-9
118:U.S. Constitution
114:German typography
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867:2020-07-01
843:2019-04-27
805:2018-09-28
761:0314061150
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586:2018-09-28
530:2018-04-27
491:2018-04-26
454:References
405:See also:
310:capitonyms
219:are used:
139:tates, in
862:APA Style
336:APA Style
241:APA style
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183:tates of
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