123:) and magistrates. The captains were responsible for fermenting interest in the new colonies and facilitating their settlement, which they achieved primarily through the influx of poor peoples from northern and southern regions of Portugal. The King also conceded concessions in these captaincies to foreigners (such as Van Huerter) who showed interest in developing their donations, by maintaining the Portuguese dominion of the territory and exporting valuable goods to the kingdom.
63:) remained on the mainland, owing to their responsibilities related to the Royal Household, during the epic period of trans-Atlantic exploration. When the King constituted and bestowed the Donatary system, he never specifically thought of sending his donatários to the archipelagos. Before the discovery of Brazil (1522), the captaincy system already operated in the Atlantic possessions of
98:. After constructing a few houses, the first Portuguese settlers under his authority spread out from their beachheads, naming these settlements and landmarks in their dominion. Many of the topological references on the islands are associated with these early settlers, who raised cattle and goats and cultivated wheat and vineyards using the fertile volcanic lands.
89:
Following the model established on
Madeira, the archipelago was divided into various captaincies in order to encourage settlement and development of the islands. The creation and development of the captaincy was neither consistent nor uniform throughout the islands of the Azores, but reflected the
101:
By the 16th century, eight similar captaincies had developed: these captaincies included São Miguel, Santa Maria, Graciosa, São Jorge, Praia (Terceira), Angra (Terceira), Faial-Pico and Flores-Corvo. Each captaincy evolved according to their captains' actions or initiatives. Although most islands
102:
evolved into their own captaincy, there were exceptions, such as the island of
Terceira, which was divided into two captaincies. In comparison, the islands of Faial and Pico which were originally intended to be developed as two separate captaincies, but were placed in the charge of
232:(1557–72), the colonies began to reverse the unworkable policies: by 1580, Brazil had become an economically viable colony. Over time, the Brazilian donatários were replaced by royal administrators, until the system was abolished by 1754.
114:
in charge of his captaincy. In later years, the captains of the Azores oscillated between living in their dominions or working as caretakers from Lisbon, and leaving in the archipelago their own lieutenants, councillors
173:), a Portuguese who might or might not have been a member of the aristocracy. They consisted of large, geometrically straight strips of land, running along parallel lines to the
153:
consisted of a portion of land originally 50 leagues wide (but in practice varying considerably) along the
Brazilian coast and extending inland to the line established by the
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for two thousand cruzados and a quantity of sugar. As he grew old, Velho Cabral abandoned his captaincy and returned to Lisbon in 1460, leaving his nephew
106:, who controlled neighbouring Faial. Likewise, São Miguel and Santa Maria were once one dominion, but Gonçalo Velho Cabral sold his stake in São Miguel to
359:, Berkeley, California: The Regents of the University of Southern California/Institute of Governmental Studies Press/University of California, Berkeley
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The difficulty of governing large territories meant that by 1549, only four captaincies remained viable (from a total of 15 captaincies created): the
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31:) were the socio-administrative territorial divisions and hereditary lordships established initially by
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Having succeeded with the administration of
Madeira and the Azores to impose a social order, King
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was nominated the first
Donatary-Captain in the Azores, following his discovery and settlement of
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157:(1494), which divided Portuguese and Spanish colonial possessions. Each was given to a single
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to the colonies. Under their discipline, and later the governorship of
Governor-General,
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43:. Pioneered on the island of Madeira and institutionalized in the archipelago of the
368:(in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Ponta Delgada
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system in order to settle and developed the
Portuguese overseas
212:. In order to save the collapsing colonies of Brazil, in 1549,
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applied the same structure to consolidate power in the
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dedication of each donatary-captain in the endeavour.
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47:, the captaincy system was eventually adapted to the
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Former territorial division and hereditary lordship
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366:História dos Açores: Da descoberta a 1934
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390:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
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385:Captaincies of the Portuguese Empire
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21:Captaincies of the Portuguese Empire
59:The prince and his successors (the
295:Susana Goulart Costa (2008), p.235
277:Susana Goulart Costa (2008), p.232
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357:Azores: Nine Islands, One History
247:Captaincies of the Spanish Empire
185:in 1534, in a treaty with Spain.
395:Donatary-Captains of the Azores
333:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012
177:from the Atlantic coast to the
29:Capitanias do Império Português
355:Costa, Susana Goulart (2008),
313:Carlos Melo Bento (2008), p.22
1:
364:Bento, Carlos Melo (2008),
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130:
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210:Captaincy of Porto Seguro
112:João Soares de Albergaria
85:Captaincies of the Azores
198:Captaincy of São Vicente
224:under the direction of
190:Captaincy of Pernambuco
108:Rui Gonçalves da Câmara
216:sent Governor-General
202:Martim Afonso de Sousa
147:Land of the Holy Cross
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28:
194:Duarte Coelho Pereira
155:Treaty of Tordesillas
133:Captaincies of Brazil
183:John III of Portugal
92:Gonçalo Velho Cabral
206:Captaincy of Ilheus
149:). In Brazil, each
143:Terra de Santa Cruz
33:Henry the Navigator
252:Portuguese Empire
226:Manuel da Nóbrega
167:capitão-donatário
104:Josse Van Huerter
35:, as part of the
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181:defined by King
179:Tordesilhas Line
171:Donatary-Captain
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331:"Donatário"
159:capitão-mor
96:Santa Maria
55:Captaincies
379:Categories
258:References
117:Portuguese
61:Donatários
25:Portuguese
242:Captaincy
230:Mem de Sá
151:captaincy
121:ouvidores
49:New World
37:Donatário
337:8 August
236:See also
214:John III
208:and the
139:John III
67:and the
349:Sources
222:Jesuits
204:), the
196:), the
175:Equator
65:Madeira
127:Brazil
79:Azores
69:Azores
45:Azores
41:Empire
263:Notes
165:) or
339:2013
220:and
19:The
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318:^
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